Web Scrapping also called as web data mining or web harvesting is the technique of constructing an agent which can extract, parse, download and organize useful information from the web automatically.
working of web scraper
Web scraper can be defined as a software(program) script used to download the contents of multiple pages and extracting data from it.
1) Visting the Website : The scrapper will visit the website
2) Downloading the contents : A web scrapper will download the requsted content from multiple pages
3) Extracting the Data : The data on the website is typically in HTML and mostly not in a structured format. Hence in this step web scrapper will parse and extract structured data from the downloaded content.
4) Storing the Data : Here a web scrapper will store and save the extracted data in any format (CSV, JSON, DB,PDF,HTML)
5) Analyzing the Data: After all the steps are successfully done, the scrapper will analyze the data
pip install request
import requests
data = requests.get('https://www.amazon.in/')
data
<Response [200]>
data.text
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panelKeyHandler=onKey($link,function(){if(this.isEnter()||this.isSpace()){panel.show();}},\'keydown\',false);$link.focus(function(){panelKeyHandler.bind();}).blur(function(){panelKeyHandler.unbind();});panel.elem().appendTo($parent);};var hideParentAndResetTrigger=function(){hideParent();sloppyTrigger.disable();};for(var i=0;i<linkKeys.length;i++){var item=linkKeys[i];if(item.panelKey){addPanel(item.link,item.panelKey);}else{item.link.mouseover(hideParentAndResetTrigger);}}};});\n } catch ( err ) {\n if ( window.$Nav ) {\n window.$Nav.when(\'metrics\', \'logUeError\').run(function(metrics, log) {\n metrics.increment(\'NavJS:AboveNavInjection:error\');\n log(err.toString(), {\n \'attribution\': \'rcx-nav\',\n \'logLevel\': \'FATAL\'\n });\n });\n }\n }\n </script>\n\n <noscript>\n <style type="text/css"><!--\n #navbar #nav-shop .nav-a:hover {\n color: #ff9900;\n text-decoration: underline;\n }\n #navbar #nav-search .nav-search-facade,\n #navbar #nav-tools .nav-icon,\n #navbar #nav-shop .nav-icon,\n #navbar #nav-subnav .nav-hasArrow .nav-arrow {\n display: none;\n }\n #navbar #nav-search .nav-search-submit,\n #navbar #nav-search .nav-search-scope {\n display: block;\n }\n #nav-search .nav-search-scope {\n padding: 0 5px;\n }\n #navbar #nav-search .nav-search-dropdown {\n position: relative;\n top: 5px;\n height: 23px;\n font-size: 14px;\n opacity: 1;\n filter: alpha(opacity = 100);\n }\n --></style>\n </noscript>\n<script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.push({key:\'PreNav\',end:+new Date(),begin:window.navmet.tmp});</script>\n\n<a id=\'nav-top\'></a>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<a id="skiplink" tabindex="0" class="skip-link">Skip to main content</a>\n\n\n\n\n<script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.main=+new Date();</script>\n\n\n\n<header id="navbar-main" class = "nav-opt-sprite nav-flex nav-locale-in nav-lang-en nav-ssl nav-unrec nav-progressive-attribute">\n\n \n <div id=\'navbar\' cel_widget_id=\'Navigation-desktop-navbar\'\n role=\'navigation\' class="nav-sprite-v1 celwidget nav-bluebeacon nav-a11y-t1 bold-focus-hover layout2 nav-flex layout3 layout3-alt nav-packard-glow hamburger nav-progressive-attribute">\n \n <div id=\'nav-belt\'>\n <div class=\'nav-left\'>\n <script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.tmp=+new Date();</script>\n <div id="nav-logo" >\n <a href="/ref=nav_logo" id="nav-logo-sprites" class="nav-logo-link nav-progressive-attribute" aria-label="Amazon">\n <span class="nav-sprite nav-logo-base"></span>\n <span id="logo-ext" class="nav-sprite nav-logo-ext nav-progressive-content"></span>\n <span class="nav-logo-locale">.in</span>\n </a>\n </div>\n<script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.push({key:\'Logo\',end:+new Date(),begin:window.navmet.tmp});</script>\n \n<div id="nav-global-location-slot">\n <span id="nav-global-location-data-modal-action" class="a-declarative nav-progressive-attribute" data-a-modal=\'{"width":375, "closeButton":"false","popoverLabel":"Choose your location", "ajaxHeaders":{"anti-csrftoken-a2z":"gH5D1raDZ8oLBkO3nMDr9zSAQKzOhPRsdAgWDXQAAAAMAAAAAGF081ZyYXcAAAAA"}, "name":"glow-modal", "url":"/gp/glow/get-address-selections.html?deviceType=desktop&pageType=Gateway&storeContext=NoStoreName&actionSource=desktop-modal", "footer":null,"header":"Choose your location"}\' data-action="a-modal">\n <a id="nav-global-location-popover-link" class="nav-a nav-a-2 a-popover-trigger a-declarative nav-progressive-attribute" tabindex="0">\n <div class="nav-sprite nav-progressive-attribute" id="nav-packard-glow-loc-icon"></div>\n <div id="glow-ingress-block">\n <span class="nav-line-1 nav-progressive-content" id="glow-ingress-line1">\n Hello\n </span>\n <span class="nav-line-2 nav-progressive-content" id="glow-ingress-line2">\n Select your address\n </span>\n </div>\n </a>\n </span>\n <input data-addnewaddress="add-new" id="unifiedLocation1ClickAddress" name="dropdown-selection" type="hidden" value="add-new" class="nav-progressive-attribute" />\n <input data-addnewaddress="add-new" id="ubbShipTo" name="dropdown-selection-ubb" type="hidden" value="add-new" class="nav-progressive-attribute"/>\n <input id="glowValidationToken" name="glow-validation-token" type="hidden" value="gH5D1raDZ8oLBkO3nMDr9zSAQKzOhPRsdAgWDXQAAAAMAAAAAGF081ZyYXcAAAAA" class="nav-progressive-attribute"/>\n</div>\n\n<div id="nav-global-location-toaster-script-container" class="nav-progressive-content">\n</div>\n\n </div>\n <div class=\'nav-fill\'>\n <script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.tmp=+new Date();</script>\n<div id="nav-search">\n <div id="nav-bar-left"></div>\n <form\n id="nav-search-bar-form"\n accept-charset="utf-8"\n action="/s/ref=nb_sb_noss"\n class="nav-searchbar nav-progressive-attribute"\n method="GET"\n name="site-search"\n role="search"\n >\n\n <div class="nav-left">\n <div id="nav-search-dropdown-card">\n \n <div class="nav-search-scope nav-sprite">\n <div class="nav-search-facade" data-value="search-alias=aps">\n <span id="nav-search-label-id" class="nav-search-label nav-progressive-content">All</span>\n <i class="nav-icon"></i>\n </div>\n <span id="searchDropdownDescription" class="nav-progressive-attribute" style="display:none">Select the department you want to search in</span>\n <select\n aria-describedby="searchDropdownDescription"\n class="nav-search-dropdown searchSelect nav-progressive-attrubute nav-progressive-search-dropdown"\n data-nav-digest="1A/TxAhvjBJ9KDqGirr+VGP6khw="\n data-nav-selected="0"\n id="searchDropdownBox"\n name="url"\n style="display: block;"\n tabindex="0"\n title="Search in"\n >\n <option selected="selected" value="search-alias=aps">All Categories</option>\n <option value="search-alias=todays-deals">Deals</option>\n <option value="search-alias=alexa-skills">Alexa Skills</option>\n <option value="search-alias=amazon-devices">Amazon Devices</option>\n <option value="search-alias=fashion">Amazon Fashion</option>\n <option value="search-alias=nowstore">Amazon Fresh</option>\n <option value="search-alias=pantry">Amazon Pantry</option>\n <option value="search-alias=appliances">Appliances</option>\n <option value="search-alias=mobile-apps">Apps & Games</option>\n <option value="search-alias=baby">Baby</option>\n <option value="search-alias=beauty">Beauty</option>\n <option value="search-alias=stripbooks">Books</option>\n <option value="search-alias=automotive">Car & Motorbike</option>\n <option value="search-alias=apparel">Clothing & Accessories</option>\n <option value="search-alias=collectibles">Collectibles</option>\n <option value="search-alias=computers">Computers & Accessories</option>\n <option value="search-alias=electronics">Electronics</option>\n <option value="search-alias=furniture">Furniture</option>\n <option value="search-alias=lawngarden">Garden & Outdoors</option>\n <option value="search-alias=gift-cards">Gift Cards</option>\n <option value="search-alias=grocery">Grocery & Gourmet Foods</option>\n <option value="search-alias=hpc">Health & Personal Care</option>\n <option value="search-alias=kitchen">Home & Kitchen</option>\n <option value="search-alias=industrial">Industrial & Scientific</option>\n <option value="search-alias=jewelry">Jewellery</option>\n <option value="search-alias=digital-text">Kindle Store</option>\n <option value="search-alias=luggage">Luggage & Bags</option>\n <option value="search-alias=luxury-beauty">Luxury Beauty</option>\n <option value="search-alias=dvd">Movies & TV Shows</option>\n <option value="search-alias=popular">Music</option>\n <option value="search-alias=mi">Musical Instruments</option>\n <option value="search-alias=office-products">Office Products</option>\n <option value="search-alias=pets">Pet Supplies</option>\n <option value="search-alias=instant-video">Prime Video</option>\n <option value="search-alias=shoes">Shoes & Handbags</option>\n <option value="search-alias=software">Software</option>\n <option value="search-alias=sporting">Sports, Fitness & Outdoors</option>\n <option value="search-alias=home-improvement">Tools & Home Improvement</option>\n <option value="search-alias=toys">Toys & Games</option>\n <option value="search-alias=under-ten-dollars">Under ₹500</option>\n <option value="search-alias=videogames">Video Games</option>\n <option value="search-alias=watches">Watches</option>\n </select>\n </div>\n\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class="nav-fill">\n <div class="nav-search-field ">\n <input\n type="text"\n id="twotabsearchtextbox"\n value=""\n name="field-keywords"\n autocomplete="off"\n placeholder=""\n class="nav-input nav-progressive-attribute"\n dir="auto"\n tabindex="0"\n aria-label="Search"\n >\n </div>\n <div id="nav-iss-attach"></div>\n </div>\n <div class="nav-right">\n <div class="nav-search-submit nav-sprite">\n <span id="nav-search-submit-text" class="nav-search-submit-text nav-sprite nav-progressive-attribute" aria-label="Go">\n <input id="nav-search-submit-button" type="submit" class="nav-input nav-progressive-attribute" value="Go" tabindex="0">\n </span>\n </div>\n </div>\n </form>\n</div>\n<script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.push({key:\'Search\',end:+new Date(),begin:window.navmet.tmp});</script>\n </div>\n <div class=\'nav-right\'>\n <script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.tmp=+new Date();</script>\n <div id=\'nav-tools\' class="layoutToolbarPadding">\n \n \n \n \n <a href="/gp/customer-preferences/select-language/ref=topnav_lang?preferencesReturnUrl=%2F" id="icp-nav-flyout" class="nav-a nav-a-2 icp-link-style-2" aria-label="Choose a language for shopping.">\n <span class="icp-nav-link-inner">\n <span class="nav-line-1">\n </span>\n <span class="nav-line-2">\n <span class="icp-nav-flag icp-nav-flag-in"></span>\n <span class="nav-icon nav-arrow"></span>\n </span>\n </span>\n </a>\n\n \n <a href="https://www.amazon.in/ap/signin?openid.pape.max_auth_age=0&openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.in%2F%3F_encoding%3DUTF8%26ref_%3Dnav_ya_signin&openid.identity=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.assoc_handle=inflex&openid.mode=checkid_setup&openid.claimed_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&" class="nav-a nav-a-2 nav-progressive-attribute" data-nav-ref="nav_ya_signin" data-nav-role="signin" data-ux-jq-mouseenter="true" id="nav-link-accountList" tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav-link-accountList" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_ya_signin">\n <div class="nav-line-1-container"><span id="nav-link-accountList-nav-line-1" class="nav-line-1 nav-progressive-content">Hello, Sign in</span></div>\n <span class="nav-line-2 ">Account & Lists<span class="nav-icon nav-arrow"></span>\n </span>\n</a>\n\n \n<a href="/gp/css/order-history?ref_=nav_orders_first" class="nav-a nav-a-2 nav-progressive-attribute" id="nav-orders" tabindex="0">\n <span class="nav-line-1">Returns</span>\n <span class="nav-line-2">& Orders</span>\n</a>\n\n \n \n <a href="https://www.amazon.in/gp/cart/view.html?ref_=nav_cart" aria-label=" items in cart" class="nav-a nav-a-2 nav-progressive-attribute" id="nav-cart">\n <div id="nav-cart-count-container">\n <span id="nav-cart-count" aria-hidden="true" class="nav-cart-count nav-cart-0 nav-progressive-attribute nav-progressive-content"></span>\n <span class="nav-cart-icon nav-sprite"></span>\n </div>\n <div id="nav-cart-text-container" class=" nav-progressive-attribute">\n <span aria-hidden="true" class="nav-line-1">\n \n </span>\n <span aria-hidden="true" class="nav-line-2">\n Cart\n <span class="nav-icon nav-arrow"></span>\n </span>\n </div>\n </a>\n\n </div>\n <script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.push({key:\'Tools\',end:+new Date(),begin:window.navmet.tmp});</script>\n\n </div>\n </div>\n <div id=\'nav-main\' class=\'nav-sprite\'>\n <div class=\'nav-left\'>\n <script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.tmp=+new Date();</script>\n <a href="/gp/site-directory?ref_=nav_em_js_disabled" id="nav-hamburger-menu" role="button" aria-label="Open Menu" data-csa-c-type="widget" data-csa-c-slot-id="HamburgerMenuDesktop"\n data-csa-c-interaction-events="click" >\n <i class="hm-icon nav-sprite"></i>\n <span class="hm-icon-label">All</span>\n </a>\n \n<script type="text/javascript">\n var hmenu = document.getElementById("nav-hamburger-menu");\n hmenu.setAttribute("href", "javascript: void(0)");\n window.navHamburgerMetricLogger = function() {\n if (window.ue && window.ue.count) {\n var metricName = "Nav:Hmenu:IconClickActionPending";\n window.ue.count(metricName, (ue.count(metricName) || 0) + 1);\n }\n window.$Nav && $Nav.declare("navHMenuIconClicked",!0);\n window.$Nav && $Nav.declare("navHMenuIconClickedNotReadyTimeStamp", Date.now());\n };\n hmenu.addEventListener("click", window.navHamburgerMetricLogger);\n window.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'hamburgerMenuIconAvailableOnLoad\', false);\n</script> \n<script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.push({key:\'HamburgerMenuIcon\',end:+new Date(),begin:window.navmet.tmp});</script>\n \n \n \n \n </div>\n <div class=\'nav-fill\'>\n \n \n <div id="nav-shop">\n </div>\n <div id=\'nav-xshop-container\'>\n <div id=\'nav-xshop\' class="nav-progressive-content">\n <script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.tmp=+new Date();</script>\n<a href="/mobile-phones/b/?ie=UTF8&node=1389401031&ref_=nav_cs_mobiles_9292c6cb7b394d30b2467b8f631090a7" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_0" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_mobiles_9292c6cb7b394d30b2467b8f631090a7">Mobiles</a>\n\n<a href="/gp/bestsellers/?ref_=nav_cs_bestsellers_17d44cb01bd144359b81b1c10b84dd98" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_1" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_bestsellers_17d44cb01bd144359b81b1c10b84dd98">Best Sellers</a>\n\n<a href="/electronics/b/?ie=UTF8&node=976419031&ref_=nav_cs_electronics_c5b70a82461a484189e700166599ce9f" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_2" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_electronics_c5b70a82461a484189e700166599ce9f"> Electronics </a>\n\n<a href="/gp/browse.html?node=17941593031&ref_=nav_cs_audible_e857603e4fe24577a8f849ed10e905e4" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_3" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_audible_e857603e4fe24577a8f849ed10e905e4">Audible</a>\n\n<a href="/gp/browse.html?node=6648217031&ref_=nav_cs_fashion_ad6f81eb5d474066bc9e5788a3c19a28" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_4" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_fashion_ad6f81eb5d474066bc9e5788a3c19a28">Fashion</a>\n\n<a href="/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=200507590&ref_=nav_cs_help_79404a52982a4d9d973cf256c713999e" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_5" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_help_79404a52982a4d9d973cf256c713999e">Customer Service</a>\n\n<a href="/prime?ref_=nav_cs_primelink_nonmember_2860122b63884a8688052dc445e46bd9" class="nav-a " data-ux-jq-mouseenter="true" id="nav-link-prime" tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav-link-prime" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_primelink_nonmember_2860122b63884a8688052dc445e46bd9"><span>Prime</span><span class="nav-icon nav-arrow"></span></a>\n\n<a href="/Home-Kitchen/b/?ie=UTF8&node=976442031&ref_=nav_cs_home_5f0a1657ec2a4557a8233992829feaf3" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_7" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_home_5f0a1657ec2a4557a8233992829feaf3">Home & Kitchen</a>\n\n<a href="/gp/sva/dashboard?ref_=nav_cs_apay_fe0c735739554ca1a7cccf7c41941f2f" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_8" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_apay_fe0c735739554ca1a7cccf7c41941f2f">Amazon Pay</a>\n\n<a href="/computers-and-accessories/b/?ie=UTF8&node=976392031&ref_=nav_cs_pc_d99b175b1db64d5b968b67ba6e5a72a3" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_9" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_pc_d99b175b1db64d5b968b67ba6e5a72a3">Computers</a>\n\n<a href="/gp/goldbox?ref_=nav_cs_gb_5bf06ae8328043a2beb2754f40a54c84" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_10" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_gb_5bf06ae8328043a2beb2754f40a54c84">Today\'s Deals</a>\n\n<a href="/gp/new-releases/?ref_=nav_cs_newreleases_b9144c00866c4016b948d9b5b5215b45" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_11" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_newreleases_b9144c00866c4016b948d9b5b5215b45">New Releases</a>\n\n<a href="/Toys-Games/b/?ie=UTF8&node=1350380031&ref_=nav_cs_toys_614bf387c5974fcdb69fb40fa2f95252" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_12" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_toys_614bf387c5974fcdb69fb40fa2f95252">Toys & Games</a>\n\n<a href="/Books/b/?ie=UTF8&node=976389031&ref_=nav_cs_books_bc600d0d124d40a3909f96904182b45f" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_13" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_books_bc600d0d124d40a3909f96904182b45f">Books</a>\n\n<a href="/amazon-coupons/b/?_encoding=UTF8&node=10465704031&ref_=nav_cs_coupons_ce0af682243a4823874ce6cde7afb33e" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_14" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_coupons_ce0af682243a4823874ce6cde7afb33e">Coupons</a>\n\n<a href="/b/?node=2838698031&ld=AZINSOANavDesktop&ref_=nav_cs_sell_22c5725860ed46a593b5f97a935ef723" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_15" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_sell_22c5725860ed46a593b5f97a935ef723">Sell</a>\n\n<a href="/Baby/b/?ie=UTF8&node=1571274031&ref_=nav_cs_baby_b2a01e91bb824bf1875698a9cdcacb29" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_16" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_baby_b2a01e91bb824bf1875698a9cdcacb29">Baby</a>\n\n<a href="/beauty/b/?ie=UTF8&node=1355016031&ref_=nav_cs_beauty_6ef19712270447e593a9ddf9a03604d8" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_17" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_beauty_6ef19712270447e593a9ddf9a03604d8">Beauty & Personal Care</a>\n\n<a href="/Sports/b/?ie=UTF8&node=1984443031&ref_=nav_cs_sports_8a31b13c38f84bfba386a5c9d1b7615e" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_18" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_sports_8a31b13c38f84bfba386a5c9d1b7615e">Sports, Fitness & Outdoors</a>\n\n<a href="/Car-Motorbike-Store/b/?ie=UTF8&node=4772060031&ref_=nav_cs_automotive_75137ca568f6495387a781885869ac30" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_19" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_automotive_75137ca568f6495387a781885869ac30">Car & Motorbike</a>\n\n<a href="/health-and-personal-care/b/?ie=UTF8&node=1350384031&ref_=nav_cs_hpc_a024fc7ba9174802831aed18bbebb33d" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_20" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_hpc_a024fc7ba9174802831aed18bbebb33d">Health, Household & Personal Care</a>\n\n<a href="/gift-card-store/b/?ie=UTF8&node=3704982031&ref_=nav_cs_gc_35a9db0a7db34350a3d3cb851062984e" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_21" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_gc_35a9db0a7db34350a3d3cb851062984e">Gift Cards</a>\n\n<a href="/Gourmet-Specialty-Foods/b/?ie=UTF8&node=2454178031&ref_=nav_cs_grocery_aaabc3a9e1214048a9a0a73dcc968167" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_22" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_grocery_aaabc3a9e1214048a9a0a73dcc968167">Grocery & Gourmet Foods</a>\n\n<a href="/video-games/b/?ie=UTF8&node=976460031&ref_=nav_cs_video_games_6da073eac80d4cc188a31f2330c92387" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_23" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_video_games_6da073eac80d4cc188a31f2330c92387">Video Games</a>\n\n<a href="/Pet-Supplies/b/?ie=UTF8&node=2454181031&ref_=nav_cs_pets_57065eb9748646eb8c04675172dd0001" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_24" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_pets_57065eb9748646eb8c04675172dd0001">Pet Supplies</a>\n\n<a href="/Kindle-Store/b/?ie=UTF8&node=1571277031&ref_=nav_cs_kindle_books_fbe4f5e5a26f403a91203de3fe5ab05d" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_25" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_kindle_books_fbe4f5e5a26f403a91203de3fe5ab05d">Kindle eBooks</a>\n\n<a href="/gp/browse.html?node=3704992031&ref_=nav_cs_hi_b183765d90844c95b998beab0377167a" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_26" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_hi_b183765d90844c95b998beab0377167a">Home Improvement</a>\n\n<a href="/gcx/-/gfhz/?ref_=nav_cs_giftfinder_58f3a96b9747402884d8f629e69ebd28" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_27" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_giftfinder_58f3a96b9747402884d8f629e69ebd28">Gift Ideas\t</a>\n\n<a href="/b/?node=6637738031&ref_=nav_cs_amazonbasics_7b323e02d64042408aefc605ff4f5baf" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_28" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_amazonbasics_7b323e02d64042408aefc605ff4f5baf">AmazonBasics</a>\n\n<a href="/auto-deliveries/landing?ref_=nav_cs_sns_c630ba0feebb4081b3e5fbd2df39d065" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_29" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_sns_c630ba0feebb4081b3e5fbd2df39d065">Subscribe & Save</a>\n<script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.push({key:\'CrossShop\',end:+new Date(),begin:window.navmet.tmp});</script>\n </div>\n </div>\n \n </div>\n <div class=\'nav-right\'>\n <script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.tmp=+new Date();</script><!-- Navyaan SWM -->\n<div id="nav-swmslot">\n <div id="navSwmHoliday" style="height: 39px; width: 400px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; ">\n <a aria-label="Big Savings, More Happiness" href="/events/greatindianfestival/?_encoding=UTF8&ref_=nav_swm_swm_gd&pf_rd_p=001f24a5-f09b-43ab-818f-b96c2efb85bc&pf_rd_s=nav-sitewide-msg&pf_rd_t=4201&pf_rd_i=navbar-4201&pf_rd_m=A21TJRUUN4KGV&pf_rd_r=STV0BATH1TJEQCMMYYSX" class="nav-imageHref" >\n <img alt="Big Savings, More Happiness" src="https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/31/img20/Events/JupiterT1/phase2_SWM2._CB640205592_.jpg">\n</a>\n </div>\n \n</div><script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.push({key:\'SWM\',end:+new Date(),begin:window.navmet.tmp});</script>\n </div>\n </div>\n\n <div id=\'nav-subnav-toaster\'></div>\n\n \n <div id="nav-progressive-subnav">\n \n </div>\n\n \n </div>\n\n \n \n\n</header>\n\n\n<script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.push({key:\'NavBar\',end:+new Date(),begin:window.navmet.main});</script>\n\n\n<script type="text/javascript">\n if (window.ue_t0) {\n window.navmet.push({key:"NavMainPaintEnd",end:+new Date(),begin:window.ue_t0});\n window.navmet.push({key:"NavFirstPaintEnd",end:+new Date(),begin:window.ue_t0});\n }\n</script>\n\n\n<script type=\'text/javascript\'>\n <!--\n window.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.fixedBarBeacon\',true);\n window.$Nav && $Nav.when("data").run(function(data) { data({"freshTimeout":{"template":{"name":"flyoutError","data":{"error":{"title":"<style>#nav-flyout-fresh{width:269px;padding:0;}#nav-flyout-fresh .nav-flyout-content{padding:0;}</style><a href=\'/amazonfresh\'><img src=\'https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/02/omaha/images/yoda/flyout_72dpi._V270092858_.png\' /></a>"}}}},"cartTimeout":{"template":{"name":"flyoutError","data":{"error":{"button":{"text":"Your Cart","url":"/gp/cart/view.html?ref_=nav_err_cart_timeout"},"title":"Oops!","paragraph":"There is a problem loading your cart right now"}}}},"primeTimeout":{"template":{"name":"flyoutError","data":{"error":{"title":"<a href=\'/gp/prime?ref_=nav_prime_btn_fb\'><img src=\'https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/02/prime/yourprime/yourprime-widget-piv-fallback._V310089192_.jpg\' /></a>"}}}},"ewcTimeout":{"template":{"name":"flyoutError","data":{"error":{"button":{"text":"Your Cart","url":"/gp/cart/view.html?ref_=nav_err_ewc_timeout"},"title":"Oops!","paragraph":"There is a problem loading your cart right now"}}}},"errorWishlist":{"template":{"name":"flyoutError","data":{"error":{"button":{"text":"Your Wish 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"<# if(error.title) { #><span class=\'nav-title\'><#=error.title #></span><# } #><# if(error.paragraph) { #><p class=\'nav-paragraph\'><#=error.paragraph #></p><# } #><# if(error.button) { #><a href=\'<#=error.button.url #>\' class=\'nav-action-button\' ><span class=\'nav-action-inner\'><#=error.button.text #></span></a><# } #>");\n });\n\n if (typeof uet == \'function\') {\n uet(\'bb\', \'iss-init-pc\', {wb: 1});\n }\n if (!window.$SearchJS && window.$Nav) {\n window.$SearchJS = $Nav.make(\'sx\');\n }\n\n var opts = {\n host: "completion.amazon.co.uk/search/complete"\n , marketId: "44571"\n , obfuscatedMarketId: "A21TJRUUN4KGV"\n , searchAliases: ["aps","amazonfresh","amazon-devices","stripbooks","audible","computers","digital-text","dvd","instant-video","electronics","hpc","kitchen","furniture","popular","software","videogames","toys","beauty","baby","watches","jewelry","luggage","mobile-apps","apparel","shoes","sporting","gift-cards","grocery","mi","office-products","pets","automotive","industrial","fashion","appliances","pantry","lawngarden","local-services","luxury-beauty","nowstore","more","spar","hypercity","bigbazaar","home-improvement","alexa-skills","collectibles","todays-deals","under-ten-dollars","specialty-aps-sns"]\n , filterAliases: []\n , pageType: "Gateway"\n , requestId: "STV0BATH1TJEQCMMYYSX"\n , sessionId: "000-0000000-0000000"\n , language: "en_IN"\n , customerId: ""\n , b2b: 0\n , fresh: 0\n , isJpOrCn: 0\n , isUseAuiIss: 1\n};\n\nvar issOpts = {\n fallbackFlag: 1\n , isDigitalFeaturesEnabled: 0\n , isWayfindingEnabled: 0\n , dropdown: "select.searchSelect"\n , departmentText: "in {department}"\n , suggestionText: "Search suggestions"\n , recentSearchesTreatment: "C"\n , authorSuggestionText: "all books by {author}"\n , translatedStringsMap: {"sx-recent-searches":"Recent searches","sx-your-recent-search":"Inspired by your recent search"}\n , biaTitleText: ""\n , biaPurchasedText: ""\n , biaViewAllText: ""\n , biaViewAllManageText: ""\n , biaAndText: ""\n , biaManageText: ""\n , biaWeblabTreatment: ""\n , issNavConfig: {}\n , np: 0\n , issCorpus: []\n , cf: 1\n , removeDeepNodeISS: ""\n , trendingTreatment: "C"\n , useAPIV2: ""\n , opfSwitch: ""\n , isISSDesktopRefactorEnabled: "1"\n , useServiceHighlighting: "true"\n , isInternal: 0\n , isAPICachingDisabled: true\n , isBrowseNodeScopingEnabled: false\n , isStorefrontTemplateEnabled: false\n , disableAutocompleteOnFocus: ""\n};\n\n if (opts.isUseAuiIss === 1 && window.$Nav) {\n window.$Nav.when(\'sx.iss\').run(\'iss-mason-init\', function(iss){\n var issInitObj = buildIssInitObject(opts, issOpts, true);\n\n new iss.IssParentCoordinator(issInitObj);\n\n $SearchJS.declare(\'canCreateAutocomplete\', issInitObj);\n });\n} else if (window.$SearchJS) {\n var iss;\n\n // BEGIN Deprecated globals\n var issHost = opts.host\n , issMktid = opts.marketId\n , issSearchAliases = opts.searchAliases\n , updateISSCompletion = function() { iss.updateAutoCompletion(); };\n // END deprecated globals\n\n\n $SearchJS.when(\'jQuery\', \'search-js-autocomplete-lib\').run(\'autocomplete-init\', initializeAutocomplete);\n $SearchJS.when(\'canCreateAutocomplete\').run(\'createAutocomplete\', createAutocomplete);\n\n} // END conditional for window.$SearchJS\n function initializeAutocomplete(jQuery) {\n var issInitObj = buildIssInitObject(opts, issOpts);\n $SearchJS.declare("canCreateAutocomplete", issInitObj);\n} // END initializeAutocomplete\n function initSearchCsl(searchCSL, issInitObject) {\n searchCSL.init(\n opts.pageType,\n (window.ue && window.ue.rid) || opts.requestId\n );\n $SearchJS.declare("canCreateAutocomplete", issInitObject);\n} // END initSearchCsl\n function createAutocomplete(issObject) {\n iss = new AutoComplete(issObject);\n\n $SearchJS.publish("search-js-autocomplete", iss);\n\n logMetrics();\n} // END createAutocomplete\n function buildIssInitObject(opts, issOpts, isNewIss) {\n var issInitObj = {\n src: opts.host\n , sessionId: opts.sessionId\n , requestId: opts.requestId\n , mkt: opts.marketId\n , obfMkt: opts.obfuscatedMarketId\n , pageType: opts.pageType\n , language: opts.language\n , customerId: opts.customerId\n , fresh: opts.fresh\n , b2b: opts.b2b\n , aliases: opts.searchAliases\n , fb: issOpts.fallbackFlag\n , isDigitalFeaturesEnabled: issOpts.isDigitalFeaturesEnabled\n , isWayfindingEnabled: issOpts.isWayfindingEnabled\n , issPrimeEligible: issOpts.issPrimeEligible\n , deptText: issOpts.departmentText\n , sugText: issOpts.suggestionText\n , filterAliases: opts.filterAliases\n , biaWidgetUrl: opts.biaWidgetUrl\n , recentSearchesTreatment: issOpts.recentSearchesTreatment\n , authorSuggestionText: issOpts.authorSuggestionText\n , translatedStringsMap: issOpts.translatedStringsMap\n , biaTitleText: ""\n , biaPurchasedText: ""\n , biaViewAllText: ""\n , biaViewAllManageText: ""\n , biaAndText: ""\n , biaManageText: ""\n , biaWeblabTreatment: ""\n , issNavConfig: issOpts.issNavConfig\n , cf: issOpts.cf\n , ime: opts.isJpOrCn\n , mktid: opts.marketId\n , qs: opts.isJpOrCn\n , issCorpus: issOpts.issCorpus\n , deepNodeISS: {\n searchAliasAccessor: function($) {\n return (window.SearchPageAccess && window.SearchPageAccess.searchAlias()) ||\n $(\'select.searchSelect\').children().attr(\'data-root-alias\');\n },\n searchAliasDisplayNameAccessor: function() {\n return (window.SearchPageAccess && window.SearchPageAccess.searchAliasDisplayName());\n }\n }\n , removeDeepNodeISS: issOpts.removeDeepNodeISS\n , trendingTreatment: issOpts.trendingTreatment\n , useAPIV2: issOpts.useAPIV2\n , opfSwitch: issOpts.opfSwitch\n , isISSDesktopRefactorEnabled: issOpts.isISSDesktopRefactorEnabled\n , useServiceHighlighting: issOpts.useServiceHighlighting\n , isInternal: issOpts.isInternal\n , isAPICachingDisabled: issOpts.isAPICachingDisabled\n , isBrowseNodeScopingEnabled: issOpts.isBrowseNodeScopingEnabled\n , isStorefrontTemplateEnabled: issOpts.isStorefrontTemplateEnabled\n , disableAutocompleteOnFocus: issOpts.disableAutocompleteOnFocus\n };\n \n // If we aren\'t using the new ISS then we need to add these properties\n \n if (!isNewIss) {\n issInitObj.dd = issOpts.dropdown; // The element with id searchDropdownBox doesn\'t exist in C.\n issInitObj.imeSpacing = issOpts.imeSpacing;\n issInitObj.isNavInline = 1;\n issInitObj.triggerISSOnClick = 0;\n issInitObj.sc = 1;\n issInitObj.np = issOpts.np;\n }\n \n return issInitObj;\n } // END buildIssInitObject\n function logMetrics() {\n if (typeof uet == \'function\' && typeof uex == \'function\') {\n uet(\'be\', \'iss-init-pc\',\n {\n wb: 1\n });\n uex(\'ld\', \'iss-init-pc\',\n {\n wb: 1\n });\n }\n} // END logMetrics\n \n \nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.navDeviceType\',\'desktop\');\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.navDebugHighres\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.pageType\',\'Gateway\');\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.subPageType\',\'desktop\');\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.dynamicMenuUrl\',\'\\x2Fgp\\x2Fnavigation\\x2Fajax\\x2Fdynamic\\x2Dmenu.html\');\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.dismissNotificationUrl\',\'\\x2Fgp\\x2Fnavigation\\x2Fajax\\x2Fdismissnotification.html\');\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.enableDynamicMenus\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.isInternal\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.isBackup\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.isRecognized\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.transientFlyoutTrigger\',\'\\x23nav\\x2Dtransient\\x2Dflyout\\x2Dtrigger\');\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.subnavFlyoutUrl\',\'\\x2Fgp\\x2Fnavigation\\x2Fajax\\x2Fgeneric.html\');\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.isSubnavFlyoutMigrationEnabled\',true);\n\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.alexaListEnabled\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.readyOnATF\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.dynamicMenuArgs\',{"rid":"STV0BATH1TJEQCMMYYSX","isFullWidthPrime":0,"isPrime":0,"dynamicRequest":1,"weblabs":"","isFreshRegionAndCustomer":"","primeMenuWidth":310});\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.customerName\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.yourAccountPrimeURL\',null);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.yourAccountPrimeHover\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.searchBackState\',{});\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'nav.inline\');\n\n(function (i) {\n if(window._navbarSpriteUrl) {\n i.onload = function() {window.uet && uet(\'ne\')};\n i.src = window._navbarSpriteUrl;\n }\n}(new Image()));\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.autoFocus\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.responsiveTouchAgents\',["ieTouch"]);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.responsiveGW\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.pageHideEnabled\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.sslTriggerType\',\'null\');\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.sslTriggerRetry\',0);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.doubleCart\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.signInOverride\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.signInTooltip\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.isPrimeMember\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.packardGlowTooltip\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.packardGlowFlyout\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.rightMarginAlignEnabled\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.flyoutAnimation\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.campusActivation\',\'null\');\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.primeTooltip\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.primeDay\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.disableBuyItAgain\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.enableCrossShopBiaFlyout\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.pseudoPrimeFirstBrowse\',null);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.sdaYourAccount\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.csYourAccount\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.cartFlyoutDisabled\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.isTabletBrowser\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.HmenuProximityArea\',[200,200,200,200]);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.HMenuIsProximity\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.isPureAjaxALF\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.accountListFlyoutRedesign\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.navfresh\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.isFreshRegion\',false);\n\nif 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.quadrant-overlay{height:100%;left:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%}\n.fluid-image-container{height:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%}.fluid-image-container img{bottom:-9999px;left:-9999px;margin:auto;position:absolute;right:-9999px;top:-9999px}.fluid-image-container .landscape-image{height:100%;max-height:100%;max-width:none}.fluid-image-container .portrait-image{max-height:none;max-width:100%;width:100%}</style>\n<div id="D5GKPBUizvp_1aY9O2R7cg" class="a-cardui fluid-quad-card fluid-card fluid-quad-image-label fluid-quad-image-label" data-a-card-type="basic"><div class="a-cardui-header"><h2 class="a-color-base headline truncate-2line">Under ₹599 + Extra ₹300 Cashback | Pocket-friendly fashion</h2></div><div class="a-cardui-body"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small grid-row-1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none quadrant-container quadrant-container-0"><a aria-label="Men’s clothing" class="a-link-normal image-redirect aok-block image-window" href="/b?node=21874564031"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none fluid-image-container"><img alt="Men’s clothing" src="https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/31/img21/Fashion/Event/Gateway/Jupiter_21/Phase3/186-116/PFF_10.2._SY116_CB639118513_.jpg" class="landscape-image" data-a-hires="https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/31/img21/Fashion/Event/Gateway/Jupiter_21/Phase3/372-232/PFF-10.2._SY232_CB639115960_.jpg"/></div><div class="a-section a-spacing-none image-label aok-inline-block aok-align-center"><span class="a-size-small a-color-base truncate-2line">Men’s clothing | Under ₹499</span></div></a></div><div class="a-section a-spacing-none quadrant-container quadrant-container-1"><a aria-label="Women’s clothing" class="a-link-normal image-redirect aok-block image-window" href="/b?node=21874564031"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none fluid-image-container"><img alt="Women’s clothing" src="https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/31/img21/Fashion/Event/Gateway/Jupiter_21/Phase3/186-116/PFF_9.2._SY116_CB639118513_.jpg" class="landscape-image" data-a-hires="https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/31/img21/Fashion/Event/Gateway/Jupiter_21/Phase3/372-232/PFF-372-232-9._SY232_CB639115960_.jpg"/></div><div class="a-section a-spacing-none image-label aok-inline-block aok-align-center"><span class="a-size-small a-color-base truncate-2line">Women’s clothing | Under ₹499</span></div></a></div></div><div class="a-section grid-row-2"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none quadrant-container quadrant-container-0"><a aria-label="Men's footwear | Under ₹499" class="a-link-normal image-redirect aok-block image-window" href="/b/ref=QAHzEditorial_en_IN_4?pf_rd_r=GG755CHRNK55WX6VRP0V&pf_rd_p=b6c153b7-ed2a-4f8b-ba9b-cd19f434cf1f&pf_rd_m=A1VBAL9TL5WCBF&pf_rd_s=merchandised-search-13&pf_rd_t=&pf_rd_i=6648217031&node=14311960031"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none fluid-image-container"><img alt="Men's footwear | Under ₹499" src="https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/31/img21/Fashion/Event/Gateway/Jupiter_21/Phase3/186-116/PFF_12.2._SY116_CB639118513_.jpg" class="landscape-image" data-a-hires="https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/31/img21/Fashion/Event/Gateway/Jupiter_21/Phase3/372-232/PFF_12.2._SY232_CB639115960_.jpg"/></div><div class="a-section a-spacing-none image-label aok-inline-block aok-align-center"><span class="a-size-small a-color-base truncate-2line">Men's footwear | Under ₹499</span></div></a></div><div class="a-section a-spacing-none quadrant-container quadrant-container-1"><a aria-label="Skin care" class="a-link-normal image-redirect aok-block image-window" href="/s?i=beauty&bbn=1374407031&rh=n%3A1374407031%2Cp_36%3A9900-&dc&qid=1631688888&rnid=1318502031&ref=sr_nr_p_36_"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none fluid-image-container"><img alt="Skin care" src="https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/31/img21/Fashion/Event/Gateway/Jupiter_21/Phase3/186-116/PFF_11.2._SY116_CB639118513_.jpg" class="landscape-image" data-a-hires="https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/31/img21/Fashion/Event/Gateway/Jupiter_21/Phase3/372-232/PFF-11.2._SY232_CB639115960_.jpg"/></div><div class="a-section a-spacing-none image-label aok-inline-block aok-align-center"><span class="a-size-small a-color-base truncate-2line">Skin care | Under ₹99</span></div></a></div></div></div><div class="a-cardui-footer"><a aria-label="Under ₹599 + Extra ₹300 Cashback | Pocket-friendly fashion - See all offers" class="a-link-normal see-more truncate-1line" href="/b?node=6648217031">See all offers</a></div></div><script>(function(f){f(P._namespace(\'gwiAutoInstVisible\'));}(function(P) {if(window.GWI){GWI.Card.autoInstVisible(\'D5GKPBUizvp_1aY9O2R7cg\');}}));</script>\n<script>P.when(\'mix:fluid-quad-image-label\').execute(function (cardModule) 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fluid-quad-image-label fluid-quad-image-label" data-a-card-type="basic"><div class="a-cardui-header"><h2 class="a-color-base headline truncate-2line">Up to 80% off + Extra ₹300 Cashback | Men's fashion</h2></div><div class="a-cardui-body"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small grid-row-1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none quadrant-container quadrant-container-0"><a aria-label="Clothing" class="a-link-normal image-redirect aok-block image-window" href="/Men-Todays-Deals-Clothing-Accessories/s?i=apparel&bbn=1968024031&rh=n%3A1571271031%2Cn%3A1968024031%2Cp_n_specials_match%3A21618256031&hidden-keywords=-Accessories+-watches+-Eyewear&pf_rd_i=15325111031&pf_rd_m=A1K21FY43GMZF8&pf_rd_p=5487342e-9645-4b4a-8d78-e99a6895b3b8&pf_rd_r=RZA6FF4P5YVTY0W80JDS&pf_rd_s=merchandised-search-9&pf_rd_t=101&ref=s9_acss_bw_cg_DealsAF_3a1_w"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none fluid-image-container"><img alt="Clothing" 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id="VBkxyHew5AxUxfyI6NIbMw" class="a-cardui fluid-quad-card fluid-card fluid-quad-image-label fluid-quad-image-label" data-a-card-type="basic"><div class="a-cardui-header"><h2 class="a-color-base headline truncate-2line">Up to 50% off | Alexa & Fire TV devices</h2></div><div class="a-cardui-body"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small grid-row-1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none quadrant-container quadrant-container-0"><a aria-label="Echo Dot combo | ₹2,199" class="a-link-normal image-redirect aok-block image-window" href="/dp/B096S89393"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none fluid-image-container"><img alt="Echo Dot combo | ₹2,199" src="https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/31/img17/AmazonDevices/2019/Jupiter-21/phase3/1x_Top-products-Tile-1-min._SY116_CB639196555_.jpg" class="landscape-image" data-a-hires="https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/31/img17/AmazonDevices/2019/Jupiter-21/phase3/2x_Top-products-Tile-1-min_n_1._SY232_CB639196826_.jpg"/></div><div class="a-section a-spacing-none image-label aok-inline-block aok-align-center"><span class="a-size-small a-color-base truncate-2line">Echo Dot combo | ₹2,199</span></div></a></div><div class="a-section a-spacing-none quadrant-container quadrant-container-1"><a aria-label="Fire TV Stick lite | ₹1,799" class="a-link-normal image-redirect aok-block image-window" href="/dp/B08R6NFZ6R"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none fluid-image-container"><img alt="Fire TV Stick lite | ₹1,799" src="https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/31/img17/AmazonDevices/2019/Jupiter-21/phase3/1x_Top-products-Tile-3-min._SY116_CB639196555_.jpg" class="landscape-image" data-a-hires="https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/31/img17/AmazonDevices/2019/Jupiter-21/phase3/2x_Top-products-Tile-3-min._SY232_CB639196555_.jpg"/></div><div class="a-section a-spacing-none image-label aok-inline-block aok-align-center"><span class="a-size-small a-color-base truncate-2line">Fire TV Stick lite | 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type="text/javascript">\n(function ($Nav) {\n"use strict";\n\nif (typeof $Nav === \'undefined\' || $Nav === null || typeof $Nav.when !== \'function\') {\n return;\n}\n$Nav.when(\'$\', \'data\', \'flyout.yourAccount\', \'sidepanel.csYourAccount\',\n \'config\')\n .run("BuyitAgain-YourAccount-SidePanel",\n function ($, data, yaFlyout, csYourAccount, config) {\n if (config.disableBuyItAgain) {\n return;\n }\n var render = function (data) {\n if (data.status) {\n var widgetHtml = data.widgetBegin +\n data.faceouts.join(\'\') +\n data.widgetEnd;\n navbar.sidePanel({\n flyoutName: \'yourAccount\',\n data: {html: widgetHtml}\n });\n }\n };\n\n var renderBuyItAgain = function (biaData) {\n if (csYourAccount) {\n csYourAccount.register(render, biaData);\n } else {\n render(biaData);\n }\n };\n\n yaFlyout.sidePanel.onData(function() {\n enableInlineAddToCart($);\n enableImpressionLogging($);\n\n P.when(\'A\',\'p13n-sc-static-list\').execute(function(A, StaticList) {\n var navContainer = A.$("#bia-hcb-widget");\n var navList = navContainer.find(\'.p13n-sc-static-list\');\n A.$(navList).bind(\'truncateList\', function() {\n var staticList = new StaticList(navList);\n });\n\n A.$(navList).trigger(\'truncateList\');\n });\n\n if (window.P) {\n P.when(\'A\', \'a-truncate\').execute(function(A, truncate) {\n var truncateElements = A.$(\'.a-truncate\');\n A.each(truncateElements, function(element) {\n truncate.get(element).update();\n });\n });\n }\n\n });\n\n yaFlyout.onRender(function() {\n $.ajax({\n url: \'/gp/bia/external/bia-hcb-ajax-handler.html\',\n data: {"biaHcbRid":"MFP1JKDB10KC3BB0PCTE"},\n dataType: \'json\',\n timeout: 4*1000,\n success: renderBuyItAgain,\n error: function (jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) {\n }\n });\n });\n\n\n var updateNavCartQty = function(qty) {\n if (typeof window.navbar === \'object\' && typeof window.navbar.setCartCount === \'function\') {\n window.navbar.setCartCount(qty);\n }\n };\n\n var addToCart = function(params, callback) {\n $.ajax({\n url: \'/gp/bia/external/bia-cart-ajax-handler.html\',\n data: params,\n dataType: \'json\', \n timeout: 2000,\n success: function(response) { callback(response); },\n error: function() { callback({ok:0}); }\n });\n };\n\n var enableInlineAddToCart = function ($) {\n if ($(".bia-inline-cart-form").length === 0) {\n return;\n }\n\n var inlineAddToCartHandler = function(e) {\n e.preventDefault();\n\n var $target = $(e.target);\n var $item = $target.parents(".bia-item");\n var $submit = $item.find(".bia-cart-submit");\n var params = $target.attr(\'data-order\');\n\n $submit.attr("disabled", true);\n $item.find(".bia-action-button").addClass("bia-action-button-disabled");\n\n addToCart(params, \n function(response) {\n if(response && response.ok && response.ok === \'1\') {\n $item.find(".bia-faceout").hide();\n $item.find(".bia-cart-action").show();\n updateNavCartQty(response.numActiveItemsInCart); \n //TODO: add metric\n } else {\n $target.unbind("submit", inlineAddToCartHandler);\n $submit.attr("disabled", false);\n $submit.click();\n //TODO: add metric\n }\n }\n );\n };\n\n $(".bia-inline-cart-form").bind("submit", inlineAddToCartHandler);\n };\n\n var enableImpressionLogging = function ($) {\n\n var registerToLog = function (p13nLogger, callOnVisible) {\n var featureEl = $("#bia-hcb-widget");\n callOnVisible.register(featureEl, function () {\n p13nLogger.logAction({\n action: \'view\', \n featureElement: featureEl, \n replicateAsinImpressions: true\n });\n });\n };\n \n AmazonUIPageJS.when(\'p13n-sc-logger\', \'p13n-sc-call-on-visible\')\n .execute(function(p13nLogger, callOnVisible) {\n registerToLog(p13nLogger, callOnVisible);});\n };\n\n });\n\n})(window.$Nav);\n//# sourceURL=bia-hcb-js.mi\n</script>\n\n\n\n<script type="text/javascript">\n window.$Nav && $Nav.when("data").run(function (data) {\n data({\n "accountListContent": { "html": "<div id=\'nav-al-container\'><div id=\'nav-al-signin\'><div id=\'nav-flyout-ya-signin\' class=\'nav-flyout-content nav-flyout-accessibility\'><a href=\'https://www.amazon.in/ap/signin?openid.pape.max_auth_age=0&openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.in%2F%3F_encoding%3DUTF8%26ref_%3Dnav_signin&openid.identity=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.assoc_handle=inflex&openid.mode=checkid_setup&openid.claimed_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&\' rel=\'nofollow\' class=\'nav-action-button\' data-nav-role=\'signin\' data-nav-ref=\'nav_signin\'><span class=\'nav-action-inner\'>Sign in</span></a><div id=\'nav-flyout-ya-newCust\' class=\'nav_pop_new_cust nav-flyout-content nav-flyout-accessibility\'>New customer? <a href=\'https://www.amazon.in/ap/register?openid.pape.max_auth_age=0&openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.in%2F%3F_encoding%3DUTF8%26ref_%3Dnav_newcust&openid.identity=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.assoc_handle=inflex&openid.mode=checkid_setup&openid.claimed_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&\' rel=\'nofollow\' class=\'nav-a\'>Start here.</a></div></div></div><div id=\'nav-al-wishlist\' class=\'nav-al-column nav-tpl-itemList nav-flyout-content nav-flyout-accessibility\'><div class=\'nav-title\' id=\'nav-al-title\'>Your Lists</div><a href=\'/hz/wishlist/ls?triggerElementID=createList&ref_=nav_ListFlyout_navFlyout_createList_lv_redirect\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Create a Wish List</span></a> <a href=\'/wishlist/universal?ref_=nav_ListFlyout_gno_listpop_uwl\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Wish from Any Website</span></a> <a href=\'/baby-reg/homepage?ref_=nav_ListFlyout_gno_listpop_br\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Baby Wish List</span></a> <a href=\'/discover/?ref_=nav_ListFlyout_sbl\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Discover Your Style</span></a> <a href=\'/showroom?ref_=nav_ListFlyout_srm_your_desk_wl_in\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Explore Showroom</span></a></div><div id=\'nav-al-your-account\' class=\'nav-al-column nav-template nav-flyout-content nav-tpl-itemList nav-flyout-accessibility\'><div class=\'nav-title\'>Your Account</div><a href=\'/gp/css/homepage.html?ref_=nav_AccountFlyout_ya\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Your Account</span></a> <a id=\'nav_prefetch_yourorders\' href=\'/gp/css/order-history?ref_=nav_AccountFlyout_orders\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Your Orders</span></a> <a href=\'/hz/wishlist/ls?requiresSignIn=1&ref_=nav_AccountFlyout_wl\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Your Wish List</span></a> <a href=\'/gp/yourstore?ref_=nav_AccountFlyout_recs\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Your Recommendations</span></a> <a href=\'/gp/primecentral?ref_=nav_AccountFlyout_prime\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Your Prime Membership</span></a> <a href=\'/gp/redirect.html?location=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.primevideo.com%2F%3Fref_%3D_apv&source=nav_linktree&token=13D4F90D28CD96790B94E6091246BB1B2AE9FA05\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Your Prime Video</span></a> <a href=\'/auto-deliveries?ref_=nav_AccountFlyout_sns\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Your Subscribe & Save Items</span></a> <a href=\'/hz5/yourmembershipsandsubscriptions?ref_=nav_AccountFlyout_digital_subscriptions\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Memberships & Subscriptions</span></a> <a href=\'/gp/browse.html?node=21102587031&ref_=nav_ya_flyout_b2b_reg\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Your Amazon Business Account</span></a> <a href=\'/b/?node=2838698031&ld=AZINSOAYAFlyout&ref_=nav_AccountFlyout_sell\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Your Seller Account</span></a> <a href=\'/hz/mycd/myx?ref_=nav_AccountFlyout_myk\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Manage Your Content and Devices</span></a></div></div>" },\n "signinContent": { "html": "<div id=\'nav-signin-tooltip\'><a href=\'https://www.amazon.in/ap/signin?openid.pape.max_auth_age=0&openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.in%2F%3F_encoding%3DUTF8%26ref_%3Dnav_custrec_signin&openid.identity=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.assoc_handle=inflex&openid.mode=checkid_setup&openid.claimed_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&\' class=\'nav-action-button\' data-nav-role=\'signin\' data-nav-ref=\'nav_custrec_signin\'><span class=\'nav-action-inner\'>Sign in</span></a><div class=\'nav-signin-tooltip-footer\'>New customer? <a href=\'https://www.amazon.in/ap/register?openid.pape.max_auth_age=0&openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.in%2F%3F_encoding%3DUTF8%26ref_%3Dnav_custrec_newcust&openid.identity=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.assoc_handle=inflex&openid.mode=checkid_setup&openid.claimed_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&\' class=\'nav-a\'>Start here.</a></div></div>" },\n "templates": {"itemList":"<# var hasColumns = (function () { var checkColumns = function (_items) { if (!_items) { return false; } for (var i=0; i<_items.length; i++) { if (_items[i].columnBreak || (_items[i].items && checkColumns(_items[i].items))) { return true; } } return false; }; return checkColumns(items);}()); 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style=\'height:<#=item.image.height #>px; width:<#=item.image.width #>px;\' /> <# } #> <# if(item.text) { #> <span class=\'nav-text<# if(item.classname) { #> <#=item.classname #><# } #>\'><#=item.text#><# if(item.badgeText) { #> <span class=\'nav-badge\'><#=item.badgeText#></span> <# } #></span> <# } else if (item.content) { #> <span class=\'nav-content\'><# jQuery.each(item.content, function (j, cItem) { #><# if(cItem.url && cItem.text) { #><a href=\'<#=cItem.url #>\' class=\'nav-a\'><#=cItem.text #></a><# } else if (cItem.text) { #><#=cItem.text#><# } #><# }); #></span> <# } #> <# if(item.subtext) { #> <span class=\'nav-subtext\'><#=item.subtext #></span> <# } #> <# if(item.url) { #> </a> <# } else {#> </span> <# } #> <# } #> <# if(item.image && item.image.src) { #> <# if(item.url) { #> <a href=\'<#=item.url #>\'> <# } #> <img class=\'nav-image\' <# if(item.id) { #> id=\'<#=item.id #>\' <# } #> src=\'<#=item.image.src #>\' <# if (item.alt) { #> alt=\'<#= item.alt #>\'<# } #>/> <# 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AmazonUIPageJS : P).register(\'navCF\');\n</script>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- NAVYAAN BTF END --><!-- sp:end-feature:nav-btf -->\n<!-- sp:feature:host-btf -->\n<div id="gw-content-grid" class="a-section a-spacing-large"><div id="main-content" data-grid-breakpoint="ws" data-flow-dir="h" class="a-section a-spacing-none gw-card-layout"><div id="desktop-top" data-gwi="{"visible":"desktop-top-visible","active":"desktop-top-active"}" data-col-span-ws="4" data-col-span-sm="3" data-order-ws="1" data-order-sm="1" data-display-at="smws" class="gw-col desktop-row gwi-row gw-widget-instrument gw-auto-height csm-placement-id-064ea6fb-964f-440e-b66a-a5b33d776755 desktop-gateway-atf_drss-b3635c81-f04e-43e1-8dea-e8f9e76e9418 celwidget pd_rd_wg-Z3mFi pd_rd_w-l2jt8 pd_rd_r-3e5b09a1-d1a3-45a0-9021-a1da81603d5a" data-pf_rd_p="064ea6fb-964f-440e-b66a-a5b33d776755" data-pd_rd_wg="Z3mFi" data-pd_rd_w="l2jt8" data-pd_rd_r="3e5b09a1-d1a3-45a0-9021-a1da81603d5a" data-ref_="pd_gw_unk" data-csa-c-type="widget" data-csa-c-slot-id="desktop-top" data-csa-c-content-id="064ea6fb-964f-440e-b66a-a5b33d776755"><style>._deals-shoveler-v2_style_badgeContainer__NehI_{line-height:0}\n._deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ{max-height:1000px!important}._deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1{max-width:270px;text-align:left}html[dir=rtl] ._deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1{text-align:right}._deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg{height:100%}._deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A{height:200px}\n._deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealBadge__4Dv4_{display:inline-block;padding:3px 7px}._deals-shoveler-v2_style_blackFriday__2Mp4u,._deals-shoveler-v2_style_cyberMonday__2txGJ{background-color:#ffc266;color:#232f3e}._deals-shoveler-v2_style_primeDay__tz569{background-color:#97edfc;color:#000}._deals-shoveler-v2_style_dashDeal__3Gckg{background-color:#b12704;color:#fff}._deals-shoveler-v2_style_simpleDeal__2Bvg3{background-color:#ddd;color:#111}\n._deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am{margin-left:5px}\n._deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX{position:relative}</style>\n<div id="eha5tF-W742Id3OV-ZdJng" class="deals-shoveler-v2"><div id="eha5tF-W742Id3OV-ZdJng" class="a-section a-spacing-none shogun-widget deals-shoveler fresh-shoveler"><div class="a-cardui-header as-title-block"><h2 class="a-color-base as-title-block-left">Blockbuster Deals</h2><a aria-label="Blockbuster Deals - See all deals" class="a-link-normal as-title-block-right see-more truncate-1line" href="/events/greatindianfestival?_encoding=UTF8&deals-widget=%257B%2522presetId%2522%3A%2522deals-collection-blockbuster-deals%2522%257D&pd_rd_w=l2jt8&pf_rd_p=064ea6fb-964f-440e-b66a-a5b33d776755&pf_rd_r=91FW5X8J4T9EGK54VEB4&pd_rd_r=3e5b09a1-d1a3-45a0-9021-a1da81603d5a&pd_rd_wg=Z3mFi&ref_=pd_gw_unk">See all deals</a></div><div class="a-section a-spacing-none feed-carousel"><div class="a-section feed-carousel-viewport"><ul class="a-unordered-list a-nostyle a-horizontal feed-carousel-shelf" role="list"><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/Samsung-Galaxy-M12-Storage-Processor/dp/B08XGDN3TZ?smid=A1EWEIV3F4B24B"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Samsung Galaxy M12 | Upto 6 months Free Screen Replacement for Prime" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41lVDJm6sIL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41lVDJm6sIL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹9,499.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">9,499<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">₹12,999.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">₹12,999.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":24,"second":48},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 24 minutes 48 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">24</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">48</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/Redmi-Note-10S/dp/B08LRDM44F?smid=A1K6XQ7KUWCZYH"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Redmi Note 10S | Starting INR 13,999 | Super Amoled Display | 64 MP Quad Camera" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51kMzJjPU+L._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51kMzJjPU+L._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹13,999.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">13,999<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹15,499.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">15,499<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":24,"second":48},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 24 minutes 48 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">24</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">48</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/02c9e7f8?showVariations=true&smid=A14CZOWI0VEHLG"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="OPPO A31 (6+128GB) | Price Slashed" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41OBf52bnOL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41OBf52bnOL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹11,490.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">11,490<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":29,"second":47},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 29 minutes 47 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">29</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">47</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/4a5c2ab6?showVariations=true&smid=A14CZOWI0VEHLG"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Best ever prices on boAt headphones" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/319N5XBU5XL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/319N5XBU5XL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹299.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">299<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹2,499.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">2,499<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary staticMessage"></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/03fb5b01?moreDeals=ccdf75d8%2C9c8acee8%2C984792f8%2C1a798e7c%2C034c7e02%2C7bd39b1e%2C26276e68%2C9142ebf8%2Cc4916b31%2C7f87edd2%2Ce5cf64c0%2C5b81733e%2Cccdf75d8%2C9c8acee8%2Ce64d3e7c%2Ccfd665b7%2C46ee62aa%2C77c7be03%2C35df14a3&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Daily Essentials" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51zZcdlkBdL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51zZcdlkBdL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹135.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">135<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹3,662.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">3,662<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":48},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 48 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">48</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/3ec6d835?moreDeals=325ed2d2%2C9d172628%2Cbb451e54%2Ce186cf43%2C84e32d8c%2Cabcdd880%2Ce67874ec%2C042b0c46%2C8660673%2C43133b23%2C2ab8ef1f%2C0abb5bc5%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Grocery Essentials" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51ivRBHcH6L._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51ivRBHcH6L._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹94.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">94<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹3,199.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">3,199<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary staticMessage"></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/l/15426044031?smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Upto 60% Off on lotions, creams, serums and more!" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/31/img21/Fashion/Event/Jupiter_21/Deals/PNG/B07XS46Q73._AC_SY200_.png" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/31/img21/Fashion/Event/Jupiter_21/Deals/PNG/B07XS46Q73._AC_SY400_.png"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹62.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">62<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹2,142.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">2,142<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":29,"second":47},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 29 minutes 47 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">29</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">47</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li></ul><div class="spinner" aria-hidden="true"><i class="gw-spinner" role="presentation"></i></div></div><a aria-label="Carousel previous slide" class="a-link-normal feed-carousel-control feed-left" tabindex="-1" href="#"><span class="gw-icon feed-arrow"></span></a><a aria-label="Carousel next slide" class="a-link-normal feed-carousel-control feed-right" tabindex="-1" href="#"><span class="gw-icon feed-arrow"></span></a><span class="feed-scrollbar"><span class="feed-scrollbar-track"><span class="feed-scrollbar-thumb"></span></span></span></div><script type="text/javascript">P.when("component-feed-carousel").execute(function(c) {c.createCarousel("#eha5tF-W742Id3OV-ZdJng .feed-carousel", 10, 0 ); });</script><script id="eha5tF-W742Id3OV-ZdJng-btfCarouselContent" type="text/x-lazy-loaded-content"><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/15cd540b?showVariations=true&smid=A14CZOWI0VEHLG"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Best prices ever on boAt Speakers and Soundbars" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/31AjJNtN3PL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/31AjJNtN3PL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹799.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">799<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹8,999.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">8,999<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary staticMessage"></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/61d2092f?showVariations=true&smid=A14CZOWI0VEHLG"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Featured deals on Mice and Keyboards" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41B54aFFMOL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41B54aFFMOL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹199.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">199<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹18,495.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">18,495<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary staticMessage"></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/s?hidden-keywords=B083ZTXYZ2%7C+B0888SLYS8%7C+B088BKVGL8%7C+B08FB5FKSQ%7C+B08GS8Z6HC%7C+B08H8N3RKT%7C+B08H8Q5KLK%7C+B08HH5L7DX%7C+B08HH8PC23%7C+B08HHB5WHQ%7C+B08K8M3RBX%7C+B08K8M3V9X%7C+B08K8N2ZRP%7C+B08L9137MF%7C+B08L9189K3%7C+B08MXXRBWG%7C+B08MXYWG97%7C+B08QZJCFXW%7C+B08SVPW1JQ%7C+B08SVZJNVP%7C+B08SW5F9GJ%7C+B08SW6MQMD%7C+B08ZKSL83X%7C+B08ZKSWT5C%7C+B08ZKTXC17%7C+B08ZKVP2LQ%7C+B08ZKWFB33%7C+B092DHTXH2%7C+B092ZFV1FC%7C+B095YZB3MS%7C+B095Z1NBK6%7C+B0979DG42T%7C+B098R25TGC%7C+B098R2XKM3%7C+B098R31B47&crid=15FRGIHVYT0UW&sprefix=b083ztxyz2+b0888slys8+b088bkvgl8+b08fb5fksq+b08gs8z6hc+b08h8n3rkt+b08h8q5klk+b08hh5l7dx+b08hh8pc23+b08hhb5whq+b08k8m3rbx+b08k8m3v9x+b08k8n2zrp+b08l9137mf+b08l9189k3+b08mxxrbwg+b08mxywg97+b08qzjcfxw+b08svpw1jq+b08svzjnvp+b08sw5f9gj+b08sw6mqmd+b08zksl83x+b08zkswt5c+b08zktxc17+b08zkvp2lq+b08zkwfb33+b092dhtxh2+b092zfv1fc+b095yzb3ms+b095z1nbk6+b0979dg42t+b098r25tgc+b098r2xkm3+b098r31b47+%2Caps%2C315&smid=A14CZOWI0VEHLG"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Never Seen Prices on Best of Noise Headphones|Upto 75% Off" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/314uxQwg3JL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/314uxQwg3JL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹699.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">699<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹4,499.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">4,499<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary staticMessage"></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/s/browse/?ie=UTF8&node=27089641031&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Lighting Products" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41xz0TWrlJL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41xz0TWrlJL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹70.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">70<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹10,035.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">10,035<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary staticMessage"></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/s/browse/?node=22288991031&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="HIT, Allout, Mortein & more" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/31/IMG20/Lawnandgarden/October/Jupiter21/Phase03/DOTD/1._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/31/IMG20/Lawnandgarden/October/Jupiter21/Phase03/DOTD/1._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹104.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">104<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹999.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">999<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary staticMessage"></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/7dd89793?showVariations=true&smid=A1JFLV2BUSJ5AK"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Fossil, Timex, Casio and More" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/31/img21/Fashion/Event/Jupiter_21/Deals/PNG/B09CPLJKK7._AC_SY200_.png" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/31/img21/Fashion/Event/Jupiter_21/Deals/PNG/B09CPLJKK7._AC_SY400_.png"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹542.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">542<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹12,495.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">12,495<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary staticMessage"></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/s/browse/?ie=UTF8&node=27082745031&smid=A14CZOWI0VEHLG"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Best of Deals | Budget True Wireless Earphones" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/31zUlfZW9jL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/31zUlfZW9jL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹149.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">149<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹1,299.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">1,299<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":29,"second":47},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal 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class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">5,016<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary staticMessage"></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/68a82efa?searchAlias=apparel&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Men Clothing | Levi's, USPA, UCB & More" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/31/img21/Fashion/Event/Jupiter_21/Deals/PNG/B08CBKLRBR._AC_SY200_.png" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" 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data-pd_rd_r="265c9be6-321c-47f5-a418-743f3484fa4f" data-ref_="pd_gw_unk" data-csa-c-type="widget" data-csa-c-slot-id="desktop-2" data-csa-c-content-id="ee8936ae-56ce-4873-8232-80b2800efd58"><div id="04RKed0Fsv_N1MaXAT3AQA" class="deals-shoveler-v2"><div id="04RKed0Fsv_N1MaXAT3AQA" class="a-section a-spacing-none shogun-widget deals-shoveler fresh-shoveler"><div class="a-cardui-header as-title-block"><h2 class="a-color-base as-title-block-left">Trending deals</h2><a aria-label="Trending deals - See all deals" class="a-link-normal as-title-block-right see-more truncate-1line" href="/events/greatindianfestival?_encoding=UTF8&deals-widget=%257B%2522presetId%2522%3A%2522deals-collection-trending-deals%2522%257D&pd_rd_w=1osZ3&pf_rd_p=ee8936ae-56ce-4873-8232-80b2800efd58&pf_rd_r=91FW5X8J4T9EGK54VEB4&pd_rd_r=265c9be6-321c-47f5-a418-743f3484fa4f&pd_rd_wg=iaswj&ref_=pd_gw_unk">See all deals</a></div><div class="a-section a-spacing-none feed-carousel"><div class="a-section feed-carousel-viewport"><ul class="a-unordered-list a-nostyle a-horizontal feed-carousel-shelf" role="list"><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/Amazon-Brand-Tealight-Candles-Unscented/dp/B0744P71Y9?smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Amazon Brand - Solimo Wax Tealight Candles (Set of 100, Unscented)" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41S9FWgv3-L._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41S9FWgv3-L._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹279.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">279<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">₹500.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">₹500.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/Amazon-Brand-Colored-Tealight-Unscented/dp/B07F32D5Z9?smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Amazon Brand - Solimo Colored Wax Tealight Candles (Set of 100, Unscented)" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41i3mc+lxdL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41i3mc+lxdL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹319.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">319<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">₹700.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">₹700.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/9d396f41?showVariations=true&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Nivea Body Nourish Body Lotion 400 ml & 120 ml (Pack of 2)" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41C24JbyWtL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41C24JbyWtL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹288.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">288<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">₹399.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">₹399.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/Pigeon-Amaze-Plus-1-5-Ltr/dp/B07WMS7TWB?smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Pigeon by Stovekraft Amaze Plus Electric Kettle with Stainless Steel Body, 1.5 litres boiler for Water, instant noodles,..." src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/31na34LxwmL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/31na34LxwmL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹528.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">528<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">₹1,195.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">₹1,195.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/19e6f535?showVariations=true&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Vaseline Intensive Care Deep Moisture Body Lotion 400 ml" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/31tQ2BoB1vL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/31tQ2BoB1vL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹234.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">234<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">₹310.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">₹310.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/e0cb6289?showVariations=true&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="BoroPlus Doodh Kesar Body Lotion, 400 ml" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41Eg6NzMnKL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41Eg6NzMnKL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹158.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">158<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">₹275.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">₹275.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/de2a4dcf?showVariations=true&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="NIVEA Body Lotion for Very Dry Skin, Nourishing Body Milk with 2x Almond Oil, For Men & Women, 600 ml" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41Sldx4xJPL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41Sldx4xJPL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹328.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">328<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">₹548.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">₹548.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li></ul><div class="spinner" aria-hidden="true"><i class="gw-spinner" role="presentation"></i></div></div><a aria-label="Carousel previous slide" class="a-link-normal feed-carousel-control feed-left" tabindex="-1" href="#"><span class="gw-icon feed-arrow"></span></a><a aria-label="Carousel next slide" class="a-link-normal feed-carousel-control feed-right" tabindex="-1" href="#"><span class="gw-icon feed-arrow"></span></a><span class="feed-scrollbar"><span class="feed-scrollbar-track"><span class="feed-scrollbar-thumb"></span></span></span></div><script type="text/javascript">P.when("component-feed-carousel").execute(function(c) {c.createCarousel("#04RKed0Fsv_N1MaXAT3AQA .feed-carousel", 10, 0 ); });</script><script id="04RKed0Fsv_N1MaXAT3AQA-btfCarouselContent" type="text/x-lazy-loaded-content"><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/Mortein-Liquid-Vaporizer-Refill-Free/dp/B07YY9N6TY?smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Mortein Mosquito Killer Liquid Vaporizer Refill - Buy 4" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51TtA-DVjyL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51TtA-DVjyL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹228.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">228<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">₹288.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">₹288.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/dp/B08CL58JBC?smid=A136O53A73I7E7"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Asgard Melt Blown Fabric Disposable Face Mask with Nose Cli" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/413TMM53UUS._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/413TMM53UUS._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹265.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">265<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹725.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">725<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/80495a44?showVariations=true&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Parachute Advansed Body Lotion Deep Nourish, 400 ml" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/311zpAHQXIL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/311zpAHQXIL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹154.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">154<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">₹275.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">₹275.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/Mortein-All-Insect-Killer-600/dp/B07143194D?smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Mortein 2-in-1 Mosquito and Cockroach killer Spray - 600 ml" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41uNiBiYp5L._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41uNiBiYp5L._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹199.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">199<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">₹280.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">₹280.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/f9be167c?showVariations=true&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Nivea Cocoa Nourish Body Lotion 400ml" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41AnoszNtML._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41AnoszNtML._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹255.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">255<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">₹425.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">₹425.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/4ed20949?showVariations=true&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Vaseline Intensive Care 24 hr nourishing Cocoa Glow Body Lotion with Cocoa And Shea Butter, Restores Glow for all skin..." src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41R0rwlQanL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41R0rwlQanL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹263.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">263<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">₹345.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">₹345.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/Amazon-Brand-Presto-Oxo-Biodegradable-Garbage/dp/B0821PN8L4?smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Amazon Brand - Presto! Oxo-Biodegradable Garbage Bags, Medium (19 x 21 inches) - 30 bags/roll (Pack of 6, Black)" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41kcDbjR5sL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41kcDbjR5sL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹309.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">309<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">₹420.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">₹420.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/Cello-Checkers-Plastic-Canister-Pieces/dp/B01LYBZX6Y?smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Cello Checkers Plastic PET Canister Set" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/4116wzvx7zL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/4116wzvx7zL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹449.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">449<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">₹1,090.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">₹1,090.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/GM-Modular-3060-Book-Multicolour/dp/B008XT42JU?smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="GM 3060 E-Book 4 + 1 Power Strip with Master Switch, Indicator, Safety Shutter & 4 international sockets" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/21qKn0ChHNL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/21qKn0ChHNL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹399.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">399<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">₹499.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">₹499.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/931bd0ca?showVariations=true&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="MamyPoko Pants Extra Absorb Diaper - Medium Size, Pack of\xa0 114 Diapers (M-114)" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51nJdmuZUCL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51nJdmuZUCL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹974.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">974<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">₹1,499.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">₹1,499.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":11,"minute":29,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 11 hours 29 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">11</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">29</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/Goodknight-Power-Activ-Refill-Pack/dp/B07N7NK48S?smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Good knight Power Activ+" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51ve7XhEmeL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51ve7XhEmeL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">₹325.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">₹</span><span class="a-price-whole">325<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">₹432.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">₹432.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span 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csm-placement-id-4de56b40-588a-4fb7-8822-6b396825ceae desktop-gateway-btf_27a358c9-3d2e-4bc6-998b-fced65ff2a92 celwidget pd_rd_wg-iaswj pd_rd_w-tGc4s pd_rd_r-265c9be6-321c-47f5-a418-743f3484fa4f" data-order-sm="4" data-pf_rd_p="4de56b40-588a-4fb7-8822-6b396825ceae" data-pd_rd_wg="iaswj" data-pd_rd_w="tGc4s" data-pd_rd_r="265c9be6-321c-47f5-a418-743f3484fa4f" data-ref_="pd_gw_unk" data-csa-c-type="widget" data-csa-c-slot-id="desktop-btf-grid-1" data-csa-c-content-id="4de56b40-588a-4fb7-8822-6b396825ceae"><div id="Oi-XcZ5frOpqxl2GVhObyw" class="a-cardui fluid-quad-card fluid-card fluid-quad-image-label fluid-quad-image-label" data-a-card-type="basic"><div class="a-cardui-header"><h2 class="a-color-base headline truncate-2line">Up to 50% off | Upgrade your home</h2></div><div class="a-cardui-body"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small grid-row-1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none quadrant-container quadrant-container-0"><a aria-label="Washing machine | Up to 40% off" 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.nav-icon,\n #navbar #nav-subnav .nav-hasArrow .nav-arrow {\n display: none;\n }\n #navbar #nav-search .nav-search-submit,\n #navbar #nav-search .nav-search-scope {\n display: block;\n }\n #nav-search .nav-search-scope {\n padding: 0 5px;\n }\n #navbar #nav-search .nav-search-dropdown {\n position: relative;\n top: 5px;\n height: 23px;\n font-size: 14px;\n opacity: 1;\n filter: alpha(opacity = 100);\n }\n --></style>\n </noscript>\n<script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.push({key:\'PreNav\',end:+new Date(),begin:window.navmet.tmp});</script>\n\n<a id=\'nav-top\'></a>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<a id="skiplink" tabindex="0" class="skip-link">Skip to main content</a>\n\n\n\n\n<script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.main=+new Date();</script>\n\n\n\n<header id="navbar-main" class = "nav-opt-sprite nav-flex nav-locale-in nav-lang-en nav-ssl nav-unrec nav-progressive-attribute">\n\n \n <div id=\'navbar\' cel_widget_id=\'Navigation-desktop-navbar\'\n role=\'navigation\' class="nav-sprite-v1 celwidget nav-bluebeacon nav-a11y-t1 bold-focus-hover layout2 nav-flex layout3 layout3-alt nav-packard-glow hamburger nav-progressive-attribute">\n \n <div id=\'nav-belt\'>\n <div class=\'nav-left\'>\n <script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.tmp=+new Date();</script>\n <div id="nav-logo" >\n <a href="/ref=nav_logo" id="nav-logo-sprites" class="nav-logo-link nav-progressive-attribute" aria-label="Amazon">\n <span class="nav-sprite nav-logo-base"></span>\n <span id="logo-ext" class="nav-sprite nav-logo-ext nav-progressive-content"></span>\n <span class="nav-logo-locale">.in</span>\n </a>\n </div>\n<script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.push({key:\'Logo\',end:+new Date(),begin:window.navmet.tmp});</script>\n \n<div id="nav-global-location-slot">\n <span id="nav-global-location-data-modal-action" class="a-declarative nav-progressive-attribute" data-a-modal=\'{"width":375, "closeButton":"false","popoverLabel":"Choose your location", "ajaxHeaders":{"anti-csrftoken-a2z":"gH5D1raDZ8oLBkO3nMDr9zSAQKzOhPRsdAgWDXQAAAAMAAAAAGF081ZyYXcAAAAA"}, "name":"glow-modal", "url":"/gp/glow/get-address-selections.html?deviceType=desktop&pageType=Gateway&storeContext=NoStoreName&actionSource=desktop-modal", "footer":null,"header":"Choose your location"}\' data-action="a-modal">\n <a id="nav-global-location-popover-link" class="nav-a nav-a-2 a-popover-trigger a-declarative nav-progressive-attribute" tabindex="0">\n <div class="nav-sprite nav-progressive-attribute" id="nav-packard-glow-loc-icon"></div>\n <div id="glow-ingress-block">\n <span class="nav-line-1 nav-progressive-content" id="glow-ingress-line1">\n Hello\n </span>\n <span class="nav-line-2 nav-progressive-content" id="glow-ingress-line2">\n Select your address\n </span>\n </div>\n </a>\n </span>\n <input data-addnewaddress="add-new" id="unifiedLocation1ClickAddress" name="dropdown-selection" type="hidden" value="add-new" class="nav-progressive-attribute" />\n <input data-addnewaddress="add-new" id="ubbShipTo" name="dropdown-selection-ubb" type="hidden" value="add-new" class="nav-progressive-attribute"/>\n <input id="glowValidationToken" name="glow-validation-token" type="hidden" value="gH5D1raDZ8oLBkO3nMDr9zSAQKzOhPRsdAgWDXQAAAAMAAAAAGF081ZyYXcAAAAA" class="nav-progressive-attribute"/>\n</div>\n\n<div id="nav-global-location-toaster-script-container" class="nav-progressive-content">\n</div>\n\n </div>\n <div class=\'nav-fill\'>\n <script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.tmp=+new Date();</script>\n<div id="nav-search">\n <div id="nav-bar-left"></div>\n <form\n id="nav-search-bar-form"\n accept-charset="utf-8"\n action="/s/ref=nb_sb_noss"\n class="nav-searchbar nav-progressive-attribute"\n method="GET"\n name="site-search"\n role="search"\n >\n\n <div class="nav-left">\n <div id="nav-search-dropdown-card">\n \n <div class="nav-search-scope nav-sprite">\n <div class="nav-search-facade" data-value="search-alias=aps">\n <span id="nav-search-label-id" class="nav-search-label nav-progressive-content">All</span>\n <i class="nav-icon"></i>\n </div>\n <span id="searchDropdownDescription" class="nav-progressive-attribute" style="display:none">Select the department you want to search in</span>\n <select\n aria-describedby="searchDropdownDescription"\n class="nav-search-dropdown searchSelect nav-progressive-attrubute nav-progressive-search-dropdown"\n data-nav-digest="1A/TxAhvjBJ9KDqGirr+VGP6khw="\n data-nav-selected="0"\n id="searchDropdownBox"\n name="url"\n style="display: block;"\n tabindex="0"\n title="Search in"\n >\n <option selected="selected" value="search-alias=aps">All Categories</option>\n <option value="search-alias=todays-deals">Deals</option>\n <option value="search-alias=alexa-skills">Alexa Skills</option>\n <option value="search-alias=amazon-devices">Amazon Devices</option>\n <option value="search-alias=fashion">Amazon Fashion</option>\n <option value="search-alias=nowstore">Amazon Fresh</option>\n <option value="search-alias=pantry">Amazon Pantry</option>\n <option value="search-alias=appliances">Appliances</option>\n <option value="search-alias=mobile-apps">Apps & Games</option>\n <option value="search-alias=baby">Baby</option>\n <option value="search-alias=beauty">Beauty</option>\n <option value="search-alias=stripbooks">Books</option>\n <option value="search-alias=automotive">Car & Motorbike</option>\n <option value="search-alias=apparel">Clothing & Accessories</option>\n <option value="search-alias=collectibles">Collectibles</option>\n <option value="search-alias=computers">Computers & Accessories</option>\n <option value="search-alias=electronics">Electronics</option>\n <option value="search-alias=furniture">Furniture</option>\n <option value="search-alias=lawngarden">Garden & Outdoors</option>\n <option value="search-alias=gift-cards">Gift Cards</option>\n <option value="search-alias=grocery">Grocery & Gourmet Foods</option>\n <option value="search-alias=hpc">Health & Personal Care</option>\n <option value="search-alias=kitchen">Home & Kitchen</option>\n <option value="search-alias=industrial">Industrial & Scientific</option>\n <option value="search-alias=jewelry">Jewellery</option>\n <option value="search-alias=digital-text">Kindle Store</option>\n <option value="search-alias=luggage">Luggage & Bags</option>\n <option value="search-alias=luxury-beauty">Luxury Beauty</option>\n <option value="search-alias=dvd">Movies & TV Shows</option>\n <option value="search-alias=popular">Music</option>\n <option value="search-alias=mi">Musical Instruments</option>\n <option value="search-alias=office-products">Office Products</option>\n <option value="search-alias=pets">Pet Supplies</option>\n <option value="search-alias=instant-video">Prime Video</option>\n <option value="search-alias=shoes">Shoes & Handbags</option>\n <option value="search-alias=software">Software</option>\n <option value="search-alias=sporting">Sports, Fitness & Outdoors</option>\n <option value="search-alias=home-improvement">Tools & Home Improvement</option>\n <option value="search-alias=toys">Toys & Games</option>\n <option value="search-alias=under-ten-dollars">Under \xe2\x82\xb9500</option>\n <option value="search-alias=videogames">Video Games</option>\n <option value="search-alias=watches">Watches</option>\n </select>\n </div>\n\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class="nav-fill">\n <div class="nav-search-field ">\n <input\n type="text"\n id="twotabsearchtextbox"\n value=""\n name="field-keywords"\n autocomplete="off"\n placeholder=""\n class="nav-input nav-progressive-attribute"\n dir="auto"\n tabindex="0"\n aria-label="Search"\n >\n </div>\n <div id="nav-iss-attach"></div>\n </div>\n <div class="nav-right">\n <div class="nav-search-submit nav-sprite">\n <span id="nav-search-submit-text" class="nav-search-submit-text nav-sprite nav-progressive-attribute" aria-label="Go">\n <input id="nav-search-submit-button" type="submit" class="nav-input nav-progressive-attribute" value="Go" tabindex="0">\n </span>\n </div>\n </div>\n </form>\n</div>\n<script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.push({key:\'Search\',end:+new Date(),begin:window.navmet.tmp});</script>\n </div>\n <div class=\'nav-right\'>\n <script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.tmp=+new Date();</script>\n <div id=\'nav-tools\' class="layoutToolbarPadding">\n \n \n \n \n <a href="/gp/customer-preferences/select-language/ref=topnav_lang?preferencesReturnUrl=%2F" id="icp-nav-flyout" class="nav-a nav-a-2 icp-link-style-2" aria-label="Choose a language for shopping.">\n <span class="icp-nav-link-inner">\n <span class="nav-line-1">\n </span>\n <span class="nav-line-2">\n <span class="icp-nav-flag icp-nav-flag-in"></span>\n <span class="nav-icon nav-arrow"></span>\n </span>\n </span>\n </a>\n\n \n <a href="https://www.amazon.in/ap/signin?openid.pape.max_auth_age=0&openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.in%2F%3F_encoding%3DUTF8%26ref_%3Dnav_ya_signin&openid.identity=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.assoc_handle=inflex&openid.mode=checkid_setup&openid.claimed_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&" class="nav-a nav-a-2 nav-progressive-attribute" data-nav-ref="nav_ya_signin" data-nav-role="signin" data-ux-jq-mouseenter="true" id="nav-link-accountList" tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav-link-accountList" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_ya_signin">\n <div class="nav-line-1-container"><span id="nav-link-accountList-nav-line-1" class="nav-line-1 nav-progressive-content">Hello, Sign in</span></div>\n <span class="nav-line-2 ">Account & Lists<span class="nav-icon nav-arrow"></span>\n </span>\n</a>\n\n \n<a href="/gp/css/order-history?ref_=nav_orders_first" class="nav-a nav-a-2 nav-progressive-attribute" id="nav-orders" tabindex="0">\n <span class="nav-line-1">Returns</span>\n <span class="nav-line-2">& Orders</span>\n</a>\n\n \n \n <a href="https://www.amazon.in/gp/cart/view.html?ref_=nav_cart" aria-label=" items in cart" class="nav-a nav-a-2 nav-progressive-attribute" id="nav-cart">\n <div id="nav-cart-count-container">\n <span id="nav-cart-count" aria-hidden="true" class="nav-cart-count nav-cart-0 nav-progressive-attribute nav-progressive-content"></span>\n <span class="nav-cart-icon nav-sprite"></span>\n </div>\n <div id="nav-cart-text-container" class=" nav-progressive-attribute">\n <span aria-hidden="true" class="nav-line-1">\n \n </span>\n <span aria-hidden="true" class="nav-line-2">\n Cart\n <span class="nav-icon nav-arrow"></span>\n </span>\n </div>\n </a>\n\n </div>\n <script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.push({key:\'Tools\',end:+new Date(),begin:window.navmet.tmp});</script>\n\n </div>\n </div>\n <div id=\'nav-main\' class=\'nav-sprite\'>\n <div class=\'nav-left\'>\n <script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.tmp=+new Date();</script>\n <a href="/gp/site-directory?ref_=nav_em_js_disabled" id="nav-hamburger-menu" role="button" aria-label="Open Menu" data-csa-c-type="widget" data-csa-c-slot-id="HamburgerMenuDesktop"\n data-csa-c-interaction-events="click" >\n <i class="hm-icon nav-sprite"></i>\n <span class="hm-icon-label">All</span>\n </a>\n \n<script type="text/javascript">\n var hmenu = document.getElementById("nav-hamburger-menu");\n hmenu.setAttribute("href", "javascript: void(0)");\n window.navHamburgerMetricLogger = function() {\n if (window.ue && window.ue.count) {\n var metricName = "Nav:Hmenu:IconClickActionPending";\n window.ue.count(metricName, (ue.count(metricName) || 0) + 1);\n }\n window.$Nav && $Nav.declare("navHMenuIconClicked",!0);\n window.$Nav && $Nav.declare("navHMenuIconClickedNotReadyTimeStamp", Date.now());\n };\n hmenu.addEventListener("click", window.navHamburgerMetricLogger);\n window.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'hamburgerMenuIconAvailableOnLoad\', false);\n</script> \n<script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.push({key:\'HamburgerMenuIcon\',end:+new Date(),begin:window.navmet.tmp});</script>\n \n \n \n \n </div>\n <div class=\'nav-fill\'>\n \n \n <div id="nav-shop">\n </div>\n <div id=\'nav-xshop-container\'>\n <div id=\'nav-xshop\' class="nav-progressive-content">\n <script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.tmp=+new Date();</script>\n<a href="/mobile-phones/b/?ie=UTF8&node=1389401031&ref_=nav_cs_mobiles_9292c6cb7b394d30b2467b8f631090a7" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_0" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_mobiles_9292c6cb7b394d30b2467b8f631090a7">Mobiles</a>\n\n<a href="/gp/bestsellers/?ref_=nav_cs_bestsellers_17d44cb01bd144359b81b1c10b84dd98" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_1" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_bestsellers_17d44cb01bd144359b81b1c10b84dd98">Best Sellers</a>\n\n<a href="/electronics/b/?ie=UTF8&node=976419031&ref_=nav_cs_electronics_c5b70a82461a484189e700166599ce9f" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_2" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_electronics_c5b70a82461a484189e700166599ce9f"> Electronics </a>\n\n<a href="/gp/browse.html?node=17941593031&ref_=nav_cs_audible_e857603e4fe24577a8f849ed10e905e4" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_3" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_audible_e857603e4fe24577a8f849ed10e905e4">Audible</a>\n\n<a href="/gp/browse.html?node=6648217031&ref_=nav_cs_fashion_ad6f81eb5d474066bc9e5788a3c19a28" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_4" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_fashion_ad6f81eb5d474066bc9e5788a3c19a28">Fashion</a>\n\n<a href="/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=200507590&ref_=nav_cs_help_79404a52982a4d9d973cf256c713999e" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_5" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_help_79404a52982a4d9d973cf256c713999e">Customer Service</a>\n\n<a href="/prime?ref_=nav_cs_primelink_nonmember_2860122b63884a8688052dc445e46bd9" class="nav-a " data-ux-jq-mouseenter="true" id="nav-link-prime" tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav-link-prime" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_primelink_nonmember_2860122b63884a8688052dc445e46bd9"><span>Prime</span><span class="nav-icon nav-arrow"></span></a>\n\n<a href="/Home-Kitchen/b/?ie=UTF8&node=976442031&ref_=nav_cs_home_5f0a1657ec2a4557a8233992829feaf3" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_7" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_home_5f0a1657ec2a4557a8233992829feaf3">Home & Kitchen</a>\n\n<a href="/gp/sva/dashboard?ref_=nav_cs_apay_fe0c735739554ca1a7cccf7c41941f2f" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_8" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_apay_fe0c735739554ca1a7cccf7c41941f2f">Amazon Pay</a>\n\n<a href="/computers-and-accessories/b/?ie=UTF8&node=976392031&ref_=nav_cs_pc_d99b175b1db64d5b968b67ba6e5a72a3" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_9" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_pc_d99b175b1db64d5b968b67ba6e5a72a3">Computers</a>\n\n<a href="/gp/goldbox?ref_=nav_cs_gb_5bf06ae8328043a2beb2754f40a54c84" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_10" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_gb_5bf06ae8328043a2beb2754f40a54c84">Today\'s Deals</a>\n\n<a href="/gp/new-releases/?ref_=nav_cs_newreleases_b9144c00866c4016b948d9b5b5215b45" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_11" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_newreleases_b9144c00866c4016b948d9b5b5215b45">New Releases</a>\n\n<a href="/Toys-Games/b/?ie=UTF8&node=1350380031&ref_=nav_cs_toys_614bf387c5974fcdb69fb40fa2f95252" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_12" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_toys_614bf387c5974fcdb69fb40fa2f95252">Toys & Games</a>\n\n<a href="/Books/b/?ie=UTF8&node=976389031&ref_=nav_cs_books_bc600d0d124d40a3909f96904182b45f" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_13" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_books_bc600d0d124d40a3909f96904182b45f">Books</a>\n\n<a href="/amazon-coupons/b/?_encoding=UTF8&node=10465704031&ref_=nav_cs_coupons_ce0af682243a4823874ce6cde7afb33e" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_14" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_coupons_ce0af682243a4823874ce6cde7afb33e">Coupons</a>\n\n<a href="/b/?node=2838698031&ld=AZINSOANavDesktop&ref_=nav_cs_sell_22c5725860ed46a593b5f97a935ef723" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_15" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_sell_22c5725860ed46a593b5f97a935ef723">Sell</a>\n\n<a href="/Baby/b/?ie=UTF8&node=1571274031&ref_=nav_cs_baby_b2a01e91bb824bf1875698a9cdcacb29" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_16" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_baby_b2a01e91bb824bf1875698a9cdcacb29">Baby</a>\n\n<a href="/beauty/b/?ie=UTF8&node=1355016031&ref_=nav_cs_beauty_6ef19712270447e593a9ddf9a03604d8" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_17" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_beauty_6ef19712270447e593a9ddf9a03604d8">Beauty & Personal Care</a>\n\n<a href="/Sports/b/?ie=UTF8&node=1984443031&ref_=nav_cs_sports_8a31b13c38f84bfba386a5c9d1b7615e" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_18" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_sports_8a31b13c38f84bfba386a5c9d1b7615e">Sports, Fitness & Outdoors</a>\n\n<a href="/Car-Motorbike-Store/b/?ie=UTF8&node=4772060031&ref_=nav_cs_automotive_75137ca568f6495387a781885869ac30" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_19" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_automotive_75137ca568f6495387a781885869ac30">Car & Motorbike</a>\n\n<a href="/health-and-personal-care/b/?ie=UTF8&node=1350384031&ref_=nav_cs_hpc_a024fc7ba9174802831aed18bbebb33d" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_20" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_hpc_a024fc7ba9174802831aed18bbebb33d">Health, Household & Personal Care</a>\n\n<a href="/gift-card-store/b/?ie=UTF8&node=3704982031&ref_=nav_cs_gc_35a9db0a7db34350a3d3cb851062984e" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_21" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_gc_35a9db0a7db34350a3d3cb851062984e">Gift Cards</a>\n\n<a href="/Gourmet-Specialty-Foods/b/?ie=UTF8&node=2454178031&ref_=nav_cs_grocery_aaabc3a9e1214048a9a0a73dcc968167" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_22" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_grocery_aaabc3a9e1214048a9a0a73dcc968167">Grocery & Gourmet Foods</a>\n\n<a href="/video-games/b/?ie=UTF8&node=976460031&ref_=nav_cs_video_games_6da073eac80d4cc188a31f2330c92387" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_23" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_video_games_6da073eac80d4cc188a31f2330c92387">Video Games</a>\n\n<a href="/Pet-Supplies/b/?ie=UTF8&node=2454181031&ref_=nav_cs_pets_57065eb9748646eb8c04675172dd0001" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_24" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_pets_57065eb9748646eb8c04675172dd0001">Pet Supplies</a>\n\n<a href="/Kindle-Store/b/?ie=UTF8&node=1571277031&ref_=nav_cs_kindle_books_fbe4f5e5a26f403a91203de3fe5ab05d" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_25" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_kindle_books_fbe4f5e5a26f403a91203de3fe5ab05d">Kindle eBooks</a>\n\n<a href="/gp/browse.html?node=3704992031&ref_=nav_cs_hi_b183765d90844c95b998beab0377167a" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_26" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_hi_b183765d90844c95b998beab0377167a">Home Improvement</a>\n\n<a href="/gcx/-/gfhz/?ref_=nav_cs_giftfinder_58f3a96b9747402884d8f629e69ebd28" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_27" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_giftfinder_58f3a96b9747402884d8f629e69ebd28">Gift Ideas\t</a>\n\n<a href="/b/?node=6637738031&ref_=nav_cs_amazonbasics_7b323e02d64042408aefc605ff4f5baf" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_28" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_amazonbasics_7b323e02d64042408aefc605ff4f5baf">AmazonBasics</a>\n\n<a href="/auto-deliveries/landing?ref_=nav_cs_sns_c630ba0feebb4081b3e5fbd2df39d065" class="nav-a " tabindex="0" data-csa-c-type="link" data-csa-c-slot-id="nav_cs_29" data-csa-c-content-id="nav_cs_sns_c630ba0feebb4081b3e5fbd2df39d065">Subscribe & Save</a>\n<script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.push({key:\'CrossShop\',end:+new Date(),begin:window.navmet.tmp});</script>\n </div>\n </div>\n \n </div>\n <div class=\'nav-right\'>\n <script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.tmp=+new Date();</script><!-- Navyaan SWM -->\n<div id="nav-swmslot">\n <div id="navSwmHoliday" style="height: 39px; width: 400px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; ">\n <a aria-label="Big Savings, More Happiness" href="/events/greatindianfestival/?_encoding=UTF8&ref_=nav_swm_swm_gd&pf_rd_p=001f24a5-f09b-43ab-818f-b96c2efb85bc&pf_rd_s=nav-sitewide-msg&pf_rd_t=4201&pf_rd_i=navbar-4201&pf_rd_m=A21TJRUUN4KGV&pf_rd_r=STV0BATH1TJEQCMMYYSX" class="nav-imageHref" >\n <img alt="Big Savings, More Happiness" src="https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/31/img20/Events/JupiterT1/phase2_SWM2._CB640205592_.jpg">\n</a>\n </div>\n \n</div><script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.push({key:\'SWM\',end:+new Date(),begin:window.navmet.tmp});</script>\n </div>\n </div>\n\n <div id=\'nav-subnav-toaster\'></div>\n\n \n <div id="nav-progressive-subnav">\n \n </div>\n\n \n </div>\n\n \n \n\n</header>\n\n\n<script type=\'text/javascript\'>window.navmet.push({key:\'NavBar\',end:+new Date(),begin:window.navmet.main});</script>\n\n\n<script type="text/javascript">\n if (window.ue_t0) {\n window.navmet.push({key:"NavMainPaintEnd",end:+new Date(),begin:window.ue_t0});\n window.navmet.push({key:"NavFirstPaintEnd",end:+new Date(),begin:window.ue_t0});\n }\n</script>\n\n\n<script type=\'text/javascript\'>\n <!--\n window.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.fixedBarBeacon\',true);\n window.$Nav && $Nav.when("data").run(function(data) { data({"freshTimeout":{"template":{"name":"flyoutError","data":{"error":{"title":"<style>#nav-flyout-fresh{width:269px;padding:0;}#nav-flyout-fresh .nav-flyout-content{padding:0;}</style><a href=\'/amazonfresh\'><img src=\'https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/02/omaha/images/yoda/flyout_72dpi._V270092858_.png\' /></a>"}}}},"cartTimeout":{"template":{"name":"flyoutError","data":{"error":{"button":{"text":"Your Cart","url":"/gp/cart/view.html?ref_=nav_err_cart_timeout"},"title":"Oops!","paragraph":"There is a problem loading your cart right now"}}}},"primeTimeout":{"template":{"name":"flyoutError","data":{"error":{"title":"<a href=\'/gp/prime?ref_=nav_prime_btn_fb\'><img src=\'https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/02/prime/yourprime/yourprime-widget-piv-fallback._V310089192_.jpg\' /></a>"}}}},"ewcTimeout":{"template":{"name":"flyoutError","data":{"error":{"button":{"text":"Your Cart","url":"/gp/cart/view.html?ref_=nav_err_ewc_timeout"},"title":"Oops!","paragraph":"There is a problem loading your cart right now"}}}},"errorWishlist":{"template":{"name":"flyoutError","data":{"error":{"button":{"text":"Your Wish 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"<# if(error.title) { #><span class=\'nav-title\'><#=error.title #></span><# } #><# if(error.paragraph) { #><p class=\'nav-paragraph\'><#=error.paragraph #></p><# } #><# if(error.button) { #><a href=\'<#=error.button.url #>\' class=\'nav-action-button\' ><span class=\'nav-action-inner\'><#=error.button.text #></span></a><# } #>");\n });\n\n if (typeof uet == \'function\') {\n uet(\'bb\', \'iss-init-pc\', {wb: 1});\n }\n if (!window.$SearchJS && window.$Nav) {\n window.$SearchJS = $Nav.make(\'sx\');\n }\n\n var opts = {\n host: "completion.amazon.co.uk/search/complete"\n , marketId: "44571"\n , obfuscatedMarketId: "A21TJRUUN4KGV"\n , searchAliases: ["aps","amazonfresh","amazon-devices","stripbooks","audible","computers","digital-text","dvd","instant-video","electronics","hpc","kitchen","furniture","popular","software","videogames","toys","beauty","baby","watches","jewelry","luggage","mobile-apps","apparel","shoes","sporting","gift-cards","grocery","mi","office-products","pets","automotive","industrial","fashion","appliances","pantry","lawngarden","local-services","luxury-beauty","nowstore","more","spar","hypercity","bigbazaar","home-improvement","alexa-skills","collectibles","todays-deals","under-ten-dollars","specialty-aps-sns"]\n , filterAliases: []\n , pageType: "Gateway"\n , requestId: "STV0BATH1TJEQCMMYYSX"\n , sessionId: "000-0000000-0000000"\n , language: "en_IN"\n , customerId: ""\n , b2b: 0\n , fresh: 0\n , isJpOrCn: 0\n , isUseAuiIss: 1\n};\n\nvar issOpts = {\n fallbackFlag: 1\n , isDigitalFeaturesEnabled: 0\n , isWayfindingEnabled: 0\n , dropdown: "select.searchSelect"\n , departmentText: "in {department}"\n , suggestionText: "Search suggestions"\n , recentSearchesTreatment: "C"\n , authorSuggestionText: "all books by {author}"\n , translatedStringsMap: {"sx-recent-searches":"Recent searches","sx-your-recent-search":"Inspired by your recent search"}\n , biaTitleText: ""\n , biaPurchasedText: ""\n , biaViewAllText: ""\n , biaViewAllManageText: ""\n , biaAndText: ""\n , biaManageText: ""\n , biaWeblabTreatment: ""\n , issNavConfig: {}\n , np: 0\n , issCorpus: []\n , cf: 1\n , removeDeepNodeISS: ""\n , trendingTreatment: "C"\n , useAPIV2: ""\n , opfSwitch: ""\n , isISSDesktopRefactorEnabled: "1"\n , useServiceHighlighting: "true"\n , isInternal: 0\n , isAPICachingDisabled: true\n , isBrowseNodeScopingEnabled: false\n , isStorefrontTemplateEnabled: false\n , disableAutocompleteOnFocus: ""\n};\n\n if (opts.isUseAuiIss === 1 && window.$Nav) {\n window.$Nav.when(\'sx.iss\').run(\'iss-mason-init\', function(iss){\n var issInitObj = buildIssInitObject(opts, issOpts, true);\n\n new iss.IssParentCoordinator(issInitObj);\n\n $SearchJS.declare(\'canCreateAutocomplete\', issInitObj);\n });\n} else if (window.$SearchJS) {\n var iss;\n\n // BEGIN Deprecated globals\n var issHost = opts.host\n , issMktid = opts.marketId\n , issSearchAliases = opts.searchAliases\n , updateISSCompletion = function() { iss.updateAutoCompletion(); };\n // END deprecated globals\n\n\n $SearchJS.when(\'jQuery\', \'search-js-autocomplete-lib\').run(\'autocomplete-init\', initializeAutocomplete);\n $SearchJS.when(\'canCreateAutocomplete\').run(\'createAutocomplete\', createAutocomplete);\n\n} // END conditional for window.$SearchJS\n function initializeAutocomplete(jQuery) {\n var issInitObj = buildIssInitObject(opts, issOpts);\n $SearchJS.declare("canCreateAutocomplete", issInitObj);\n} // END initializeAutocomplete\n function initSearchCsl(searchCSL, issInitObject) {\n searchCSL.init(\n opts.pageType,\n (window.ue && window.ue.rid) || opts.requestId\n );\n $SearchJS.declare("canCreateAutocomplete", issInitObject);\n} // END initSearchCsl\n function createAutocomplete(issObject) {\n iss = new AutoComplete(issObject);\n\n $SearchJS.publish("search-js-autocomplete", iss);\n\n logMetrics();\n} // END createAutocomplete\n function buildIssInitObject(opts, issOpts, isNewIss) {\n var issInitObj = {\n src: opts.host\n , sessionId: opts.sessionId\n , requestId: opts.requestId\n , mkt: opts.marketId\n , obfMkt: opts.obfuscatedMarketId\n , pageType: opts.pageType\n , language: opts.language\n , customerId: opts.customerId\n , fresh: opts.fresh\n , b2b: opts.b2b\n , aliases: opts.searchAliases\n , fb: issOpts.fallbackFlag\n , isDigitalFeaturesEnabled: issOpts.isDigitalFeaturesEnabled\n , isWayfindingEnabled: issOpts.isWayfindingEnabled\n , issPrimeEligible: issOpts.issPrimeEligible\n , deptText: issOpts.departmentText\n , sugText: issOpts.suggestionText\n , filterAliases: opts.filterAliases\n , biaWidgetUrl: opts.biaWidgetUrl\n , recentSearchesTreatment: issOpts.recentSearchesTreatment\n , authorSuggestionText: issOpts.authorSuggestionText\n , translatedStringsMap: issOpts.translatedStringsMap\n , biaTitleText: ""\n , biaPurchasedText: ""\n , biaViewAllText: ""\n , biaViewAllManageText: ""\n , biaAndText: ""\n , biaManageText: ""\n , biaWeblabTreatment: ""\n , issNavConfig: issOpts.issNavConfig\n , cf: issOpts.cf\n , ime: opts.isJpOrCn\n , mktid: opts.marketId\n , qs: opts.isJpOrCn\n , issCorpus: issOpts.issCorpus\n , deepNodeISS: {\n searchAliasAccessor: function($) {\n return (window.SearchPageAccess && window.SearchPageAccess.searchAlias()) ||\n $(\'select.searchSelect\').children().attr(\'data-root-alias\');\n },\n searchAliasDisplayNameAccessor: function() {\n return (window.SearchPageAccess && window.SearchPageAccess.searchAliasDisplayName());\n }\n }\n , removeDeepNodeISS: issOpts.removeDeepNodeISS\n , trendingTreatment: issOpts.trendingTreatment\n , useAPIV2: issOpts.useAPIV2\n , opfSwitch: issOpts.opfSwitch\n , isISSDesktopRefactorEnabled: issOpts.isISSDesktopRefactorEnabled\n , useServiceHighlighting: issOpts.useServiceHighlighting\n , isInternal: issOpts.isInternal\n , isAPICachingDisabled: issOpts.isAPICachingDisabled\n , isBrowseNodeScopingEnabled: issOpts.isBrowseNodeScopingEnabled\n , isStorefrontTemplateEnabled: issOpts.isStorefrontTemplateEnabled\n , disableAutocompleteOnFocus: issOpts.disableAutocompleteOnFocus\n };\n \n // If we aren\'t using the new ISS then we need to add these properties\n \n if (!isNewIss) {\n issInitObj.dd = issOpts.dropdown; // The element with id searchDropdownBox doesn\'t exist in C.\n issInitObj.imeSpacing = issOpts.imeSpacing;\n issInitObj.isNavInline = 1;\n issInitObj.triggerISSOnClick = 0;\n issInitObj.sc = 1;\n issInitObj.np = issOpts.np;\n }\n \n return issInitObj;\n } // END buildIssInitObject\n function logMetrics() {\n if (typeof uet == \'function\' && typeof uex == \'function\') {\n uet(\'be\', \'iss-init-pc\',\n {\n wb: 1\n });\n uex(\'ld\', \'iss-init-pc\',\n {\n wb: 1\n });\n }\n} // END logMetrics\n \n \nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.navDeviceType\',\'desktop\');\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.navDebugHighres\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.pageType\',\'Gateway\');\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.subPageType\',\'desktop\');\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.dynamicMenuUrl\',\'\\x2Fgp\\x2Fnavigation\\x2Fajax\\x2Fdynamic\\x2Dmenu.html\');\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.dismissNotificationUrl\',\'\\x2Fgp\\x2Fnavigation\\x2Fajax\\x2Fdismissnotification.html\');\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.enableDynamicMenus\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.isInternal\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.isBackup\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.isRecognized\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.transientFlyoutTrigger\',\'\\x23nav\\x2Dtransient\\x2Dflyout\\x2Dtrigger\');\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.subnavFlyoutUrl\',\'\\x2Fgp\\x2Fnavigation\\x2Fajax\\x2Fgeneric.html\');\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.isSubnavFlyoutMigrationEnabled\',true);\n\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.alexaListEnabled\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.readyOnATF\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.dynamicMenuArgs\',{"rid":"STV0BATH1TJEQCMMYYSX","isFullWidthPrime":0,"isPrime":0,"dynamicRequest":1,"weblabs":"","isFreshRegionAndCustomer":"","primeMenuWidth":310});\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.customerName\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.yourAccountPrimeURL\',null);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.yourAccountPrimeHover\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.searchBackState\',{});\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'nav.inline\');\n\n(function (i) {\n if(window._navbarSpriteUrl) {\n i.onload = function() {window.uet && uet(\'ne\')};\n i.src = window._navbarSpriteUrl;\n }\n}(new Image()));\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.autoFocus\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.responsiveTouchAgents\',["ieTouch"]);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.responsiveGW\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.pageHideEnabled\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.sslTriggerType\',\'null\');\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.sslTriggerRetry\',0);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.doubleCart\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.signInOverride\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.signInTooltip\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.isPrimeMember\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.packardGlowTooltip\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.packardGlowFlyout\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.rightMarginAlignEnabled\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.flyoutAnimation\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.campusActivation\',\'null\');\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.primeTooltip\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.primeDay\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.disableBuyItAgain\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.enableCrossShopBiaFlyout\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.pseudoPrimeFirstBrowse\',null);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.sdaYourAccount\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.csYourAccount\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.cartFlyoutDisabled\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.isTabletBrowser\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.HmenuProximityArea\',[200,200,200,200]);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.HMenuIsProximity\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.isPureAjaxALF\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.accountListFlyoutRedesign\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.navfresh\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.isFreshRegion\',false);\n\nif (window.ue && ue.tag) { ue.tag(\'navbar\'); };\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.blackbelt\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.beaconbelt\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.accountList\',true);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.iPadTablet\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.searchapiEndpoint\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.timeline\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.timelineAsinPriceEnabled\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.timelineDeleteEnabled\',false);\n\n\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.extendedFlyout\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.flyoutCloseDelay\',600);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.pssFlag\',0);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.isPrimeTooltipMigrated\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && $Nav.declare(\'config.isDynamicWishListMigrationEnabled\',false);\n\nwindow.$Nav && 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class="a-section a-spacing-none fluid-image-container"><img alt="Men's footwear | Under \xe2\x82\xb9499" src="https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/31/img21/Fashion/Event/Gateway/Jupiter_21/Phase3/186-116/PFF_12.2._SY116_CB639118513_.jpg" class="landscape-image" data-a-hires="https://images-eu.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/31/img21/Fashion/Event/Gateway/Jupiter_21/Phase3/372-232/PFF_12.2._SY232_CB639115960_.jpg"/></div><div class="a-section a-spacing-none image-label aok-inline-block aok-align-center"><span class="a-size-small a-color-base truncate-2line">Men's footwear | Under \xe2\x82\xb9499</span></div></a></div><div class="a-section a-spacing-none quadrant-container quadrant-container-1"><a aria-label="Skin care" class="a-link-normal image-redirect aok-block image-window" href="/s?i=beauty&bbn=1374407031&rh=n%3A1374407031%2Cp_36%3A9900-&dc&qid=1631688888&rnid=1318502031&ref=sr_nr_p_36_"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none fluid-image-container"><img alt="Skin care" 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type="text/javascript">\n(function ($Nav) {\n"use strict";\n\nif (typeof $Nav === \'undefined\' || $Nav === null || typeof $Nav.when !== \'function\') {\n return;\n}\n$Nav.when(\'$\', \'data\', \'flyout.yourAccount\', \'sidepanel.csYourAccount\',\n \'config\')\n .run("BuyitAgain-YourAccount-SidePanel",\n function ($, data, yaFlyout, csYourAccount, config) {\n if (config.disableBuyItAgain) {\n return;\n }\n var render = function (data) {\n if (data.status) {\n var widgetHtml = data.widgetBegin +\n data.faceouts.join(\'\') +\n data.widgetEnd;\n navbar.sidePanel({\n flyoutName: \'yourAccount\',\n data: {html: widgetHtml}\n });\n }\n };\n\n var renderBuyItAgain = function (biaData) {\n if (csYourAccount) {\n csYourAccount.register(render, biaData);\n } else {\n render(biaData);\n }\n };\n\n yaFlyout.sidePanel.onData(function() {\n enableInlineAddToCart($);\n enableImpressionLogging($);\n\n P.when(\'A\',\'p13n-sc-static-list\').execute(function(A, StaticList) {\n var navContainer = A.$("#bia-hcb-widget");\n var navList = navContainer.find(\'.p13n-sc-static-list\');\n A.$(navList).bind(\'truncateList\', function() {\n var staticList = new StaticList(navList);\n });\n\n A.$(navList).trigger(\'truncateList\');\n });\n\n if (window.P) {\n P.when(\'A\', \'a-truncate\').execute(function(A, truncate) {\n var truncateElements = A.$(\'.a-truncate\');\n A.each(truncateElements, function(element) {\n truncate.get(element).update();\n });\n });\n }\n\n });\n\n yaFlyout.onRender(function() {\n $.ajax({\n url: \'/gp/bia/external/bia-hcb-ajax-handler.html\',\n data: {"biaHcbRid":"MFP1JKDB10KC3BB0PCTE"},\n dataType: \'json\',\n timeout: 4*1000,\n success: renderBuyItAgain,\n error: function (jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) {\n }\n });\n });\n\n\n var updateNavCartQty = function(qty) {\n if (typeof window.navbar === \'object\' && typeof window.navbar.setCartCount === \'function\') {\n window.navbar.setCartCount(qty);\n }\n };\n\n var addToCart = function(params, callback) {\n $.ajax({\n url: \'/gp/bia/external/bia-cart-ajax-handler.html\',\n data: params,\n dataType: \'json\', \n timeout: 2000,\n success: function(response) { callback(response); },\n error: function() { callback({ok:0}); }\n });\n };\n\n var enableInlineAddToCart = function ($) {\n if ($(".bia-inline-cart-form").length === 0) {\n return;\n }\n\n var inlineAddToCartHandler = function(e) {\n e.preventDefault();\n\n var $target = $(e.target);\n var $item = $target.parents(".bia-item");\n var $submit = $item.find(".bia-cart-submit");\n var params = $target.attr(\'data-order\');\n\n $submit.attr("disabled", true);\n $item.find(".bia-action-button").addClass("bia-action-button-disabled");\n\n addToCart(params, \n function(response) {\n if(response && response.ok && response.ok === \'1\') {\n $item.find(".bia-faceout").hide();\n $item.find(".bia-cart-action").show();\n updateNavCartQty(response.numActiveItemsInCart); \n //TODO: add metric\n } else {\n $target.unbind("submit", inlineAddToCartHandler);\n $submit.attr("disabled", false);\n $submit.click();\n //TODO: add metric\n }\n }\n );\n };\n\n $(".bia-inline-cart-form").bind("submit", inlineAddToCartHandler);\n };\n\n var enableImpressionLogging = function ($) {\n\n var registerToLog = function (p13nLogger, callOnVisible) {\n var featureEl = $("#bia-hcb-widget");\n callOnVisible.register(featureEl, function () {\n p13nLogger.logAction({\n action: \'view\', \n featureElement: featureEl, \n replicateAsinImpressions: true\n });\n });\n };\n \n AmazonUIPageJS.when(\'p13n-sc-logger\', \'p13n-sc-call-on-visible\')\n .execute(function(p13nLogger, callOnVisible) {\n registerToLog(p13nLogger, callOnVisible);});\n };\n\n });\n\n})(window.$Nav);\n//# sourceURL=bia-hcb-js.mi\n</script>\n\n\n\n<script type="text/javascript">\n window.$Nav && $Nav.when("data").run(function (data) {\n data({\n "accountListContent": { "html": "<div id=\'nav-al-container\'><div id=\'nav-al-signin\'><div id=\'nav-flyout-ya-signin\' class=\'nav-flyout-content nav-flyout-accessibility\'><a href=\'https://www.amazon.in/ap/signin?openid.pape.max_auth_age=0&openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.in%2F%3F_encoding%3DUTF8%26ref_%3Dnav_signin&openid.identity=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.assoc_handle=inflex&openid.mode=checkid_setup&openid.claimed_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&\' rel=\'nofollow\' class=\'nav-action-button\' data-nav-role=\'signin\' data-nav-ref=\'nav_signin\'><span class=\'nav-action-inner\'>Sign in</span></a><div id=\'nav-flyout-ya-newCust\' class=\'nav_pop_new_cust nav-flyout-content nav-flyout-accessibility\'>New customer? <a href=\'https://www.amazon.in/ap/register?openid.pape.max_auth_age=0&openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.in%2F%3F_encoding%3DUTF8%26ref_%3Dnav_newcust&openid.identity=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.assoc_handle=inflex&openid.mode=checkid_setup&openid.claimed_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&\' rel=\'nofollow\' class=\'nav-a\'>Start here.</a></div></div></div><div id=\'nav-al-wishlist\' class=\'nav-al-column nav-tpl-itemList nav-flyout-content nav-flyout-accessibility\'><div class=\'nav-title\' id=\'nav-al-title\'>Your Lists</div><a href=\'/hz/wishlist/ls?triggerElementID=createList&ref_=nav_ListFlyout_navFlyout_createList_lv_redirect\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Create a Wish List</span></a> <a href=\'/wishlist/universal?ref_=nav_ListFlyout_gno_listpop_uwl\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Wish from Any Website</span></a> <a href=\'/baby-reg/homepage?ref_=nav_ListFlyout_gno_listpop_br\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Baby Wish List</span></a> <a href=\'/discover/?ref_=nav_ListFlyout_sbl\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Discover Your Style</span></a> <a href=\'/showroom?ref_=nav_ListFlyout_srm_your_desk_wl_in\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Explore Showroom</span></a></div><div id=\'nav-al-your-account\' class=\'nav-al-column nav-template nav-flyout-content nav-tpl-itemList nav-flyout-accessibility\'><div class=\'nav-title\'>Your Account</div><a href=\'/gp/css/homepage.html?ref_=nav_AccountFlyout_ya\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Your Account</span></a> <a id=\'nav_prefetch_yourorders\' href=\'/gp/css/order-history?ref_=nav_AccountFlyout_orders\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Your Orders</span></a> <a href=\'/hz/wishlist/ls?requiresSignIn=1&ref_=nav_AccountFlyout_wl\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Your Wish List</span></a> <a href=\'/gp/yourstore?ref_=nav_AccountFlyout_recs\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Your Recommendations</span></a> <a href=\'/gp/primecentral?ref_=nav_AccountFlyout_prime\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Your Prime Membership</span></a> <a href=\'/gp/redirect.html?location=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.primevideo.com%2F%3Fref_%3D_apv&source=nav_linktree&token=13D4F90D28CD96790B94E6091246BB1B2AE9FA05\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Your Prime Video</span></a> <a href=\'/auto-deliveries?ref_=nav_AccountFlyout_sns\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Your Subscribe & Save Items</span></a> <a href=\'/hz5/yourmembershipsandsubscriptions?ref_=nav_AccountFlyout_digital_subscriptions\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Memberships & Subscriptions</span></a> <a href=\'/gp/browse.html?node=21102587031&ref_=nav_ya_flyout_b2b_reg\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Your Amazon Business Account</span></a> <a href=\'/b/?node=2838698031&ld=AZINSOAYAFlyout&ref_=nav_AccountFlyout_sell\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Your Seller Account</span></a> <a href=\'/hz/mycd/myx?ref_=nav_AccountFlyout_myk\' class=\'nav-link nav-item\'><span class=\'nav-text\'>Manage Your Content and Devices</span></a></div></div>" },\n "signinContent": { "html": "<div id=\'nav-signin-tooltip\'><a href=\'https://www.amazon.in/ap/signin?openid.pape.max_auth_age=0&openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.in%2F%3F_encoding%3DUTF8%26ref_%3Dnav_custrec_signin&openid.identity=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.assoc_handle=inflex&openid.mode=checkid_setup&openid.claimed_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&\' class=\'nav-action-button\' data-nav-role=\'signin\' data-nav-ref=\'nav_custrec_signin\'><span class=\'nav-action-inner\'>Sign in</span></a><div class=\'nav-signin-tooltip-footer\'>New customer? <a href=\'https://www.amazon.in/ap/register?openid.pape.max_auth_age=0&openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.in%2F%3F_encoding%3DUTF8%26ref_%3Dnav_custrec_newcust&openid.identity=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.assoc_handle=inflex&openid.mode=checkid_setup&openid.claimed_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&\' class=\'nav-a\'>Start here.</a></div></div>" },\n "templates": {"itemList":"<# var hasColumns = (function () { var checkColumns = function (_items) { if (!_items) { return false; } for (var i=0; i<_items.length; i++) { if (_items[i].columnBreak || (_items[i].items && checkColumns(_items[i].items))) { return true; } } return false; }; return checkColumns(items);}()); 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style=\'height:<#=item.image.height #>px; width:<#=item.image.width #>px;\' /> <# } #> <# if(item.text) { #> <span class=\'nav-text<# if(item.classname) { #> <#=item.classname #><# } #>\'><#=item.text#><# if(item.badgeText) { #> <span class=\'nav-badge\'><#=item.badgeText#></span> <# } #></span> <# } else if (item.content) { #> <span class=\'nav-content\'><# jQuery.each(item.content, function (j, cItem) { #><# if(cItem.url && cItem.text) { #><a href=\'<#=cItem.url #>\' class=\'nav-a\'><#=cItem.text #></a><# } else if (cItem.text) { #><#=cItem.text#><# } #><# }); #></span> <# } #> <# if(item.subtext) { #> <span class=\'nav-subtext\'><#=item.subtext #></span> <# } #> <# if(item.url) { #> </a> <# } else {#> </span> <# } #> <# } #> <# if(item.image && item.image.src) { #> <# if(item.url) { #> <a href=\'<#=item.url #>\'> <# } #> <img class=\'nav-image\' <# if(item.id) { #> id=\'<#=item.id #>\' <# } #> src=\'<#=item.image.src #>\' <# if (item.alt) { #> alt=\'<#= item.alt #>\'<# } #>/> <# 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AmazonUIPageJS : P).register(\'navCF\');\n</script>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- NAVYAAN BTF END --><!-- sp:end-feature:nav-btf -->\n<!-- sp:feature:host-btf -->\n<div id="gw-content-grid" class="a-section a-spacing-large"><div id="main-content" data-grid-breakpoint="ws" data-flow-dir="h" class="a-section a-spacing-none gw-card-layout"><div id="desktop-top" data-gwi="{"visible":"desktop-top-visible","active":"desktop-top-active"}" data-col-span-ws="4" data-col-span-sm="3" data-order-ws="1" data-order-sm="1" data-display-at="smws" class="gw-col desktop-row gwi-row gw-widget-instrument gw-auto-height csm-placement-id-064ea6fb-964f-440e-b66a-a5b33d776755 desktop-gateway-atf_drss-b3635c81-f04e-43e1-8dea-e8f9e76e9418 celwidget pd_rd_wg-Z3mFi pd_rd_w-l2jt8 pd_rd_r-3e5b09a1-d1a3-45a0-9021-a1da81603d5a" data-pf_rd_p="064ea6fb-964f-440e-b66a-a5b33d776755" data-pd_rd_wg="Z3mFi" data-pd_rd_w="l2jt8" data-pd_rd_r="3e5b09a1-d1a3-45a0-9021-a1da81603d5a" data-ref_="pd_gw_unk" data-csa-c-type="widget" data-csa-c-slot-id="desktop-top" data-csa-c-content-id="064ea6fb-964f-440e-b66a-a5b33d776755"><style>._deals-shoveler-v2_style_badgeContainer__NehI_{line-height:0}\n._deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ{max-height:1000px!important}._deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1{max-width:270px;text-align:left}html[dir=rtl] ._deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1{text-align:right}._deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg{height:100%}._deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A{height:200px}\n._deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealBadge__4Dv4_{display:inline-block;padding:3px 7px}._deals-shoveler-v2_style_blackFriday__2Mp4u,._deals-shoveler-v2_style_cyberMonday__2txGJ{background-color:#ffc266;color:#232f3e}._deals-shoveler-v2_style_primeDay__tz569{background-color:#97edfc;color:#000}._deals-shoveler-v2_style_dashDeal__3Gckg{background-color:#b12704;color:#fff}._deals-shoveler-v2_style_simpleDeal__2Bvg3{background-color:#ddd;color:#111}\n._deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am{margin-left:5px}\n._deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX{position:relative}</style>\n<div id="eha5tF-W742Id3OV-ZdJng" class="deals-shoveler-v2"><div id="eha5tF-W742Id3OV-ZdJng" class="a-section a-spacing-none shogun-widget deals-shoveler fresh-shoveler"><div class="a-cardui-header as-title-block"><h2 class="a-color-base as-title-block-left">Blockbuster Deals</h2><a aria-label="Blockbuster Deals - See all deals" class="a-link-normal as-title-block-right see-more truncate-1line" href="/events/greatindianfestival?_encoding=UTF8&deals-widget=%257B%2522presetId%2522%3A%2522deals-collection-blockbuster-deals%2522%257D&pd_rd_w=l2jt8&pf_rd_p=064ea6fb-964f-440e-b66a-a5b33d776755&pf_rd_r=91FW5X8J4T9EGK54VEB4&pd_rd_r=3e5b09a1-d1a3-45a0-9021-a1da81603d5a&pd_rd_wg=Z3mFi&ref_=pd_gw_unk">See all deals</a></div><div class="a-section a-spacing-none feed-carousel"><div class="a-section feed-carousel-viewport"><ul class="a-unordered-list a-nostyle a-horizontal feed-carousel-shelf" role="list"><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/Samsung-Galaxy-M12-Storage-Processor/dp/B08XGDN3TZ?smid=A1EWEIV3F4B24B"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Samsung Galaxy M12 | Upto 6 months Free Screen Replacement for Prime" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41lVDJm6sIL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41lVDJm6sIL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb99,499.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">9,499<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb912,999.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">\xe2\x82\xb912,999.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":24,"second":48},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 24 minutes 48 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">24</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">48</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/Redmi-Note-10S/dp/B08LRDM44F?smid=A1K6XQ7KUWCZYH"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Redmi Note 10S | Starting INR 13,999 | Super Amoled Display | 64 MP Quad Camera" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51kMzJjPU+L._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51kMzJjPU+L._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb913,999.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">13,999<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb915,499.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">15,499<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":24,"second":48},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 24 minutes 48 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">24</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">48</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/02c9e7f8?showVariations=true&smid=A14CZOWI0VEHLG"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="OPPO A31 (6+128GB) | Price Slashed" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41OBf52bnOL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41OBf52bnOL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb911,490.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">11,490<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":29,"second":47},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 29 minutes 47 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">29</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">47</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/4a5c2ab6?showVariations=true&smid=A14CZOWI0VEHLG"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Best ever prices on boAt headphones" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/319N5XBU5XL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/319N5XBU5XL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9299.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">299<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb92,499.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">2,499<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary staticMessage"></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/03fb5b01?moreDeals=ccdf75d8%2C9c8acee8%2C984792f8%2C1a798e7c%2C034c7e02%2C7bd39b1e%2C26276e68%2C9142ebf8%2Cc4916b31%2C7f87edd2%2Ce5cf64c0%2C5b81733e%2Cccdf75d8%2C9c8acee8%2Ce64d3e7c%2Ccfd665b7%2C46ee62aa%2C77c7be03%2C35df14a3&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Daily Essentials" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51zZcdlkBdL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51zZcdlkBdL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9135.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">135<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb93,662.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">3,662<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":48},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 48 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">48</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/3ec6d835?moreDeals=325ed2d2%2C9d172628%2Cbb451e54%2Ce186cf43%2C84e32d8c%2Cabcdd880%2Ce67874ec%2C042b0c46%2C8660673%2C43133b23%2C2ab8ef1f%2C0abb5bc5%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Grocery Essentials" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51ivRBHcH6L._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51ivRBHcH6L._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb994.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">94<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb93,199.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">3,199<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary staticMessage"></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/l/15426044031?smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Upto 60% Off on lotions, creams, serums and more!" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/31/img21/Fashion/Event/Jupiter_21/Deals/PNG/B07XS46Q73._AC_SY200_.png" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/31/img21/Fashion/Event/Jupiter_21/Deals/PNG/B07XS46Q73._AC_SY400_.png"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb962.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">62<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb92,142.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">2,142<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":29,"second":47},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 29 minutes 47 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">29</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">47</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li></ul><div class="spinner" aria-hidden="true"><i class="gw-spinner" role="presentation"></i></div></div><a aria-label="Carousel previous slide" class="a-link-normal feed-carousel-control feed-left" tabindex="-1" href="#"><span class="gw-icon feed-arrow"></span></a><a aria-label="Carousel next slide" class="a-link-normal feed-carousel-control feed-right" tabindex="-1" href="#"><span class="gw-icon feed-arrow"></span></a><span class="feed-scrollbar"><span class="feed-scrollbar-track"><span class="feed-scrollbar-thumb"></span></span></span></div><script type="text/javascript">P.when("component-feed-carousel").execute(function(c) {c.createCarousel("#eha5tF-W742Id3OV-ZdJng .feed-carousel", 10, 0 ); });</script><script id="eha5tF-W742Id3OV-ZdJng-btfCarouselContent" type="text/x-lazy-loaded-content"><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/15cd540b?showVariations=true&smid=A14CZOWI0VEHLG"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Best prices ever on boAt Speakers and Soundbars" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/31AjJNtN3PL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/31AjJNtN3PL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9799.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">799<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb98,999.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">8,999<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary staticMessage"></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/61d2092f?showVariations=true&smid=A14CZOWI0VEHLG"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Featured deals on Mice and Keyboards" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41B54aFFMOL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41B54aFFMOL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9199.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">199<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb918,495.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">18,495<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary staticMessage"></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/s?hidden-keywords=B083ZTXYZ2%7C+B0888SLYS8%7C+B088BKVGL8%7C+B08FB5FKSQ%7C+B08GS8Z6HC%7C+B08H8N3RKT%7C+B08H8Q5KLK%7C+B08HH5L7DX%7C+B08HH8PC23%7C+B08HHB5WHQ%7C+B08K8M3RBX%7C+B08K8M3V9X%7C+B08K8N2ZRP%7C+B08L9137MF%7C+B08L9189K3%7C+B08MXXRBWG%7C+B08MXYWG97%7C+B08QZJCFXW%7C+B08SVPW1JQ%7C+B08SVZJNVP%7C+B08SW5F9GJ%7C+B08SW6MQMD%7C+B08ZKSL83X%7C+B08ZKSWT5C%7C+B08ZKTXC17%7C+B08ZKVP2LQ%7C+B08ZKWFB33%7C+B092DHTXH2%7C+B092ZFV1FC%7C+B095YZB3MS%7C+B095Z1NBK6%7C+B0979DG42T%7C+B098R25TGC%7C+B098R2XKM3%7C+B098R31B47&crid=15FRGIHVYT0UW&sprefix=b083ztxyz2+b0888slys8+b088bkvgl8+b08fb5fksq+b08gs8z6hc+b08h8n3rkt+b08h8q5klk+b08hh5l7dx+b08hh8pc23+b08hhb5whq+b08k8m3rbx+b08k8m3v9x+b08k8n2zrp+b08l9137mf+b08l9189k3+b08mxxrbwg+b08mxywg97+b08qzjcfxw+b08svpw1jq+b08svzjnvp+b08sw5f9gj+b08sw6mqmd+b08zksl83x+b08zkswt5c+b08zktxc17+b08zkvp2lq+b08zkwfb33+b092dhtxh2+b092zfv1fc+b095yzb3ms+b095z1nbk6+b0979dg42t+b098r25tgc+b098r2xkm3+b098r31b47+%2Caps%2C315&smid=A14CZOWI0VEHLG"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Never Seen Prices on Best of Noise Headphones|Upto 75% Off" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/314uxQwg3JL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/314uxQwg3JL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9699.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">699<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb94,499.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">4,499<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary staticMessage"></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/s/browse/?ie=UTF8&node=27089641031&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Lighting Products" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41xz0TWrlJL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41xz0TWrlJL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb970.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">70<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb910,035.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">10,035<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary staticMessage"></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/s/browse/?node=22288991031&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="HIT, Allout, Mortein & more" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/31/IMG20/Lawnandgarden/October/Jupiter21/Phase03/DOTD/1._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/31/IMG20/Lawnandgarden/October/Jupiter21/Phase03/DOTD/1._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9104.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">104<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9999.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">999<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary staticMessage"></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/7dd89793?showVariations=true&smid=A1JFLV2BUSJ5AK"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Fossil, Timex, Casio and More" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/31/img21/Fashion/Event/Jupiter_21/Deals/PNG/B09CPLJKK7._AC_SY200_.png" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/31/img21/Fashion/Event/Jupiter_21/Deals/PNG/B09CPLJKK7._AC_SY400_.png"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9542.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">542<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" 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src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/31zUlfZW9jL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/31zUlfZW9jL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9149.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">149<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb91,299.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">1,299<span 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feed-carousel-viewport"><ul class="a-unordered-list a-nostyle a-horizontal feed-carousel-shelf" role="list"><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/Amazon-Brand-Tealight-Candles-Unscented/dp/B0744P71Y9?smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Amazon Brand - Solimo Wax Tealight Candles (Set of 100, Unscented)" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41S9FWgv3-L._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41S9FWgv3-L._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9279.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">279<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9500.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">\xe2\x82\xb9500.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/Amazon-Brand-Colored-Tealight-Unscented/dp/B07F32D5Z9?smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Amazon Brand - Solimo Colored Wax Tealight Candles (Set of 100, Unscented)" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41i3mc+lxdL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41i3mc+lxdL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9319.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">319<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9700.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">\xe2\x82\xb9700.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/9d396f41?showVariations=true&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Nivea Body Nourish Body Lotion 400 ml & 120 ml (Pack of 2)" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41C24JbyWtL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41C24JbyWtL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9288.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">288<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9399.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">\xe2\x82\xb9399.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/Pigeon-Amaze-Plus-1-5-Ltr/dp/B07WMS7TWB?smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Pigeon by Stovekraft Amaze Plus Electric Kettle with Stainless Steel Body, 1.5 litres boiler for Water, instant noodles,..." src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/31na34LxwmL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/31na34LxwmL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9528.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">528<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb91,195.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">\xe2\x82\xb91,195.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/19e6f535?showVariations=true&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Vaseline Intensive Care Deep Moisture Body Lotion 400 ml" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/31tQ2BoB1vL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/31tQ2BoB1vL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9234.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">234<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9310.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">\xe2\x82\xb9310.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/e0cb6289?showVariations=true&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="BoroPlus Doodh Kesar Body Lotion, 400 ml" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41Eg6NzMnKL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41Eg6NzMnKL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9158.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">158<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9275.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">\xe2\x82\xb9275.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/de2a4dcf?showVariations=true&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="NIVEA Body Lotion for Very Dry Skin, Nourishing Body Milk with 2x Almond Oil, For Men & Women, 600 ml" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41Sldx4xJPL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41Sldx4xJPL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9328.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">328<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9548.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">\xe2\x82\xb9548.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li></ul><div class="spinner" aria-hidden="true"><i class="gw-spinner" role="presentation"></i></div></div><a aria-label="Carousel previous slide" class="a-link-normal feed-carousel-control feed-left" tabindex="-1" href="#"><span class="gw-icon feed-arrow"></span></a><a aria-label="Carousel next slide" class="a-link-normal feed-carousel-control feed-right" tabindex="-1" href="#"><span class="gw-icon feed-arrow"></span></a><span class="feed-scrollbar"><span class="feed-scrollbar-track"><span class="feed-scrollbar-thumb"></span></span></span></div><script type="text/javascript">P.when("component-feed-carousel").execute(function(c) {c.createCarousel("#04RKed0Fsv_N1MaXAT3AQA .feed-carousel", 10, 0 ); });</script><script id="04RKed0Fsv_N1MaXAT3AQA-btfCarouselContent" type="text/x-lazy-loaded-content"><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/Mortein-Liquid-Vaporizer-Refill-Free/dp/B07YY9N6TY?smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Mortein Mosquito Killer Liquid Vaporizer Refill - Buy 4" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51TtA-DVjyL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51TtA-DVjyL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9228.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">228<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9288.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">\xe2\x82\xb9288.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/dp/B08CL58JBC?smid=A136O53A73I7E7"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Asgard Melt Blown Fabric Disposable Face Mask with Nose Cli" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/413TMM53UUS._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/413TMM53UUS._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9265.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">265<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="a-price-dash" data-a-size="l" data-a-color="base">-</span><span class="a-price max-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9725.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">725<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/80495a44?showVariations=true&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Parachute Advansed Body Lotion Deep Nourish, 400 ml" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/311zpAHQXIL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/311zpAHQXIL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9154.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">154<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9275.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">\xe2\x82\xb9275.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/Mortein-All-Insect-Killer-600/dp/B07143194D?smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Mortein 2-in-1 Mosquito and Cockroach killer Spray - 600 ml" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41uNiBiYp5L._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41uNiBiYp5L._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9199.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">199<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9280.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">\xe2\x82\xb9280.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/f9be167c?showVariations=true&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Nivea Cocoa Nourish Body Lotion 400ml" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41AnoszNtML._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41AnoszNtML._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9255.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">255<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9425.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">\xe2\x82\xb9425.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/4ed20949?showVariations=true&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Vaseline Intensive Care 24 hr nourishing Cocoa Glow Body Lotion with Cocoa And Shea Butter, Restores Glow for all skin..." src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41R0rwlQanL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41R0rwlQanL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9263.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">263<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9345.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">\xe2\x82\xb9345.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/Amazon-Brand-Presto-Oxo-Biodegradable-Garbage/dp/B0821PN8L4?smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Amazon Brand - Presto! Oxo-Biodegradable Garbage Bags, Medium (19 x 21 inches) - 30 bags/roll (Pack of 6, Black)" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41kcDbjR5sL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41kcDbjR5sL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9309.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">309<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9420.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">\xe2\x82\xb9420.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/Cello-Checkers-Plastic-Canister-Pieces/dp/B01LYBZX6Y?smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="Cello Checkers Plastic PET Canister Set" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/4116wzvx7zL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/4116wzvx7zL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9449.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">449<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb91,090.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">\xe2\x82\xb91,090.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/GM-Modular-3060-Book-Multicolour/dp/B008XT42JU?smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="GM 3060 E-Book 4 + 1 Power Strip with Master Switch, Indicator, Safety Shutter & 4 international sockets" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/21qKn0ChHNL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/21qKn0ChHNL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9399.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">399<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9499.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">\xe2\x82\xb9499.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":12,"minute":14,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 12 hours 14 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">12</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">14</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerSecond">52</span></span></span></span></span></div></a></span></li><li class="feed-carousel-card _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealCard__1HqkZ"><span class="a-list-item"><a class="a-link-normal" href="/deal/931bd0ca?showVariations=true&smid=AT95IG9ONZD7S"><div class="a-section a-spacing-small"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none _deals-shoveler-v2_style_imageContainer__2Wm4A"><img alt="MamyPoko Pants Extra Absorb Diaper - Medium Size, Pack of\xc2\xa0 114 Diapers (M-114)" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51nJdmuZUCL._AC_SY200_.jpg" class="product-image _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealImage__3nlqg" data-a-hires="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51nJdmuZUCL._AC_SY400_.jpg"/></div></div><div class="a-section _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealInfo__1U5R1"><div class="a-section a-spacing-none"><span class="a-price min-deal-price" data-a-size="m" data-a-color="base"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb9974.00</span><span aria-hidden="true"><span class="a-price-symbol">\xe2\x82\xb9</span><span class="a-price-whole">974<span class="a-price-decimal">.</span></span><span class="a-price-fraction">00</span></span></span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="a-price a-text-price _deals-shoveler-v2_style_listPrice__1r4Am list-price" data-a-size="b" data-a-strike="true" data-a-color="tertiary"><span class="a-offscreen">\xe2\x82\xb91,499.00</span><span aria-hidden="true">\xe2\x82\xb91,499.00</span></span></div><span class="dealAvailabilityMessage _deals-shoveler-v2_style_dealTimer__3sQxX"><span class="a-size-base a-color-tertiary dealTimer"><span class="gwTimer" role="timer" data-shared-model="{"clockTime":{"hour":11,"minute":29,"second":52},"countDownEndLabel":{"ariaLabel":"Deal has ended.","label":"Deal has ended."},"timeFormattedLabel":{"formattedString":"Ends in _hours_ hours _minutes_ minutes _seconds_ seconds","placeHolders":{"hour":"_hours_","minute":"_minutes_","second":"_seconds_"}}}"><span class="gwTimerAriaLabel aok-offscreen">Ends in 11 hours 29 minutes 52 seconds</span><span class="gwTimerDisplay" aria-hidden="true"><span class="gwTimerLabel">Ends in</span><span class="a-letter-space"></span><span class="gwTimerHour">11</span><span class="gwTimerSeparator">:</span><span class="gwTimerMinute">29</span><span 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wiki = requests.get('https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic')
wiki.status_code
200
wiki.content
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rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"/>\n</head>\n<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-COVID-19_pandemic rootpage-COVID-19_pandemic skin-vector action-view skin-vector-legacy"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div>\n<div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div>\n<div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main">\n\t<a id="top"></a>\n\t<div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div>\n\t<div class="mw-indicators">\n\t<div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-confirmed protected"><img alt="Extended-protected article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div>\n\t</div>\n\t<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" >COVID-19 pandemic</h1>\n\t<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body">\n\t\t<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>\n\t\t<div id="contentSub"></div>\n\t\t<div id="contentSub2"></div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div id="jump-to-nav"></div>\n\t\t<a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a>\n\t\t<a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a>\n\t\t<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019</div>\n<p class="mw-empty-elt">\n\n\n\n</p>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048617464">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#FFCCCB">COVID-19 pandemic</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Nurse.jpg" class="image"><img alt="COVID-19 Nurse.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/COVID-19_Nurse.jpg/300px-COVID-19_Nurse.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/COVID-19_Nurse.jpg/450px-COVID-19_Nurse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/COVID-19_Nurse.jpg/600px-COVID-19_Nurse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">A nurse treats a COVID-19 patient in an <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">intensive care unit</a> aboard a US <a href="/wiki/Hospital_ship" title="Hospital ship">hospital ship</a> in April 2020 </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg" class="image"><img alt="COVID-19 Outbreak World Map Total Deaths per Capita.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg/330px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="168" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg/495px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg/660px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Confirmed deaths per 100,000 population<br />as of 18 October 2021</div>\n</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%;">\n<tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em;"><div style="margin:0 3.5em"><span class="nowrap">Cases per capita</span></div></th>\n</tr><tr><td colspan="2">\n<div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg" class="image"><img alt="COVID-19 Outbreak World Map per Capita.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg/320px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="164" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg/480px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg/640px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2921" data-file-height="1500" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Cumulative percentage of population infected<br />as of 3 October 2021</div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r998391716">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col plainlist" style="column-width: 8em;column-gap: 0;">\n<ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#290000; color:white;"> </span> >10%</span></li>\n<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#510000; color:white;"> </span> 3\xe2\x80\x9310%</span></li>\n<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#900000; color:white;"> </span> 1\xe2\x80\x933%</span></li>\n<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#c80200; color:white;"> </span> 0.3\xe2\x80\x931%</span></li>\n<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ee7070; color:black;"> </span> 0.1\xe2\x80\x930.3%</span></li>\n<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffc0c0; color:black;"> </span> 0.03\xe2\x80\x930.1%</span></li>\n<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffdfe0; color:black;"> </span> 0\xe2\x80\x930.03%</span></li>\n<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#e0e0e0; color:black;"> </span> None or no data</span></li></ul>\n</div>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disease</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">Coronavirus disease 2019</a> (COVID-19)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Virus strain</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">Severe acute respiratory syndrome<br />coronavirus 2</a> (SARS\xe2\x80\x91CoV\xe2\x80\x912)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Source</th><td class="infobox-data">Bats,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> likely indirectly<sup id="cite_ref-who-origins-20210330_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who-origins-20210330-2">[2]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Worldwide</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Index_case" title="Index case">Index case</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, Hubei, China<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r994658806">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=COVID-19_pandemic&params=30_37_11_N_114_15_28_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-42"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30\xc2\xb037\xe2\x80\xb211\xe2\x80\xb3N</span> <span class="longitude">114\xc2\xb015\xe2\x80\xb228\xe2\x80\xb3E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.61972\xc2\xb0N 114.25778\xc2\xb0E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.61972; 114.25778</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">17 November 2019<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2019-11-17</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> \xe2\x80\x93 present<br />(1 year, 11 months and 1 week)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Confirmed cases</th><td class="infobox-data">243,226,997<sup id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Deaths</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,941,660<sup id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup> (reported) <br /> 9.5\xe2\x80\x9318.6 million (estimated total)<sup id="cite_ref-:7_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_Projections_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_Projections-6">[6]</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1045330069">.mw-parser-output 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3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:COVID-19_pandemic" title="Category:COVID-19 pandemic">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">COVID-19 pandemic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png" class="image" title="Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom."><img alt="Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/110px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/165px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/220px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048" /></a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> (disease)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">SARS-CoV-2</a> (virus)</li></ul>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">Cases</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">\n<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">2019</a></b><br />\n<p><b>2020</b>\n</p>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">January</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">February</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">March</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">April</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">May</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">June</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">July</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">August</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">September</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">October</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">November</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">December</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul>\n<p><b>2021</b>\n</p>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">January</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">February</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">March</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">April</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">May</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">June</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">July</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">August</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">September</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">October</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td>\n</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">\n<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Locations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">By country and territory</a></b>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">Asia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">Europe</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">North America</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">Oceania</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South America</a></li></ul>\n<p><b>By conveyance</b>\n</p>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships">Cruise ships</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships">Naval ships</a></li></ul></div></div></td>\n</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">\n<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;">International response</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Evacuations</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">Face masks</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">International aid</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">Investigations into origin</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">Lockdowns</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">Misinformation</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments" title="COVID-19 misinformation by governments">By governments</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China" title="COVID-19 misinformation by China">China</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 misinformation by the United States">US</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">Fake treatments</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_anti-lockdown_protests_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 anti-lockdown protests in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation" title="Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">Software</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Travel restrictions</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic">United Nations</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic">World Health Organization</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Waiver_from_certain_provisions_of_the_TRIPS_Agreement_for_the_Prevention,_Containment_and_Treatment_of_COVID-19" title="Waiver from certain provisions of the TRIPS Agreement for the Prevention, Containment and Treatment of COVID-19">WTO IP waiver</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country" title="Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country">Undercounting of deaths</a></li></ul>\n<p><b><a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">National responses</a></b>\n</p>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Ghana</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">European Union</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Germany</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">India</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">New Zealand</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Nigeria</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Philippines</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Russia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Sweden</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">UK</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">US</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">federal government</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Vietnam</a></li></ul></div></div></td>\n</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">\n<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;">Medical response</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">Disease testing</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer" title="Coronavirus breathalyzer">Breathalyzer</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_COVID-19_tests" title="Development of COVID-19 tests">Development</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">Drug development</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research" title="COVID-19 drug repurposing research">Drug repurposing</a></li></ul>\n<p><b><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">Vaccines</a></b>\n</p>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development" title="History of COVID-19 vaccine development">History</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research" title="COVID-19 vaccine clinical research">Research</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination" title="Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination">VITT</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations" title="List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations">Authorizations</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">Operation Warp Speed</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy">Misinformation and hesitancy</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card" title="COVID-19 vaccine card">Vaccine card</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">Vaccine passports</a></li></ul>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Covaxin" title="Covaxin">Bharat Biotech</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Convidecia" title="Convidecia">CanSino</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Janssen COVID-19 vaccine">Janssen</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford\xe2\x80\x93AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">Oxford\xe2\x80\x93AstraZeneca</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer\xe2\x80\x93BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer\xe2\x80\x93BioNTech</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">Sinovac</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">Sputnik V</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/ZyCoV-D" title="ZyCoV-D">Zydus Cadila</a></li></ul></div></div></td>\n</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">\n<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant">Alpha</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant">Beta</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant">Gamma</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant">Epsilon</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant">Zeta</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant">Eta</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant">Theta</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant">Iota</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant">Kappa</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant">Lambda</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant">Mu</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Cluster 5</a></li></ul>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617" title="SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617">Lineage B.1.617</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Variant_of_concern" title="Variant of concern">Variant of concern</a></li></ul></div></div></td>\n</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">\n<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic impact</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">recession</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage">Arts and culture</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation">Aviation</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry">Cannabis</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema">Cinema</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">films</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_events_affected_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic">Events</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry">Fashion</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Financial markets</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry">Food industry</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada">Canadian meat</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States">US meat</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">Food security</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">Journalism</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry">Music</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts">Performing arts</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail">Retail</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_shipping" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on shipping">Shipping</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports">Sports</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Philippine_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Philippine sports">Philippines</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television">Television</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States">US</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">programs</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">Tourism</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry">Video games</a></li></ul>\n<p><b>By country</b>\n</p>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">Canada</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">US</a></li></ul></div></div></td>\n</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">\n<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Impacts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_animals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on animals">Animals</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_black_people" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on black people">Black people</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime">Crime</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">Death rates by country</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities">Disability</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence">Domestic violence</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_evacuation_procedures_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Emergency evacuation procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic">Emergency evacuations</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">Education</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana">Ghana</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">Environment</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">Hospitals</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic">Language</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community">LGBT community</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities">Long-term care</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">Mental health</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_COVID-19_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes" title="Impact of COVID-19 on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes">Symptoms</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_migration" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migration">Migration</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military">Military</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">Notable deaths</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_deaths_in_South_Africa" title="List of COVID-19 deaths in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">Other health issues</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Politics</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia">Russia</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy" title="COVID-19 in pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons">Prisons</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion">Religion</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj">Hajj</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Science and technology</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Society</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic">Strikes</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Xenophobia and racism</a></li></ul></div></div></td>\n</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below">\n<a href="/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_(Wikimedia_colors).svg" class="image"><img alt="SARS-CoV-2 (Wikimedia colors).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/16px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/24px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/32px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="666" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:COVID-19" title="Portal:COVID-19">COVID-19 portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r992953826">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar"><abbr title="View this template" style=";text-decoration:inherit;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar" title="Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";text-decoration:inherit;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";text-decoration:inherit;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>\n<p>The <b>COVID-19 pandemic</b>, also known as the <b>coronavirus pandemic</b>, is an ongoing global <a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">pandemic</a> of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">coronavirus disease 2019</a> (COVID-19) caused by <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</a> (SARS-CoV-2). The <a href="/wiki/Novel_virus" title="Novel virus">novel virus</a> was first identified in the Chinese city of <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a> in December 2019; a <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_China" title="COVID-19 lockdown in China">lockdown in Wuhan</a> and other cities in surrounding <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a> failed to contain the outbreak, and it quickly spread to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">other parts of mainland China</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">around the world</a>. The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) declared a <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Emergency_of_International_Concern" title="Public Health Emergency of International Concern">Public Health Emergency of International Concern</a> on 30 January 2020, and a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Multiple <a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">variants of the virus</a> have emerged and become dominant in many countries since 2021, with the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant">Alpha</a>, <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant">Beta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a> variants being the most <a href="/wiki/Virulent" class="mw-redirect" title="Virulent">virulent</a>. As of 23 October 2021, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">more than 243<span class="nowrap"> </span>million cases</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">4.94<span class="nowrap"> </span>million deaths</a> have been confirmed, making it one of the <a href="/wiki/Deadliest_pandemics_in_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Deadliest pandemics in history">deadliest pandemics in history</a>.\n</p><p><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_symptoms" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 symptoms">COVID-19 symptoms</a> range from <a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic" title="Asymptomatic">none</a> to life-threatening. Severe illness is more likely in elderly patients and those with certain underlying medical conditions. <a href="/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19" title="Transmission of COVID-19">Transmission of COVID-19</a> occurs when people breathe in air contaminated by droplets and small <a href="/wiki/Airborne_transmission" title="Airborne transmission">airborne</a> particles. The risk of breathing these in is highest when people are in close proximity, but the virus can transmit over longer distances, particularly indoors and in poorly ventilated areas. Transmission can also occur, rarely, via contaminated surfaces or fluids. People remain contagious for up to 20 days, and can spread the virus even if they do not develop symptoms.\n</p><p>Several vaccines have been <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">approved and distributed</a> in various countries, which have initiated <a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">mass vaccination campaigns</a> since December 2020. Other recommended <a href="/wiki/Preventive_healthcare" title="Preventive healthcare">preventive measures</a> include <a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">social distancing</a>, wearing <a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">face masks</a> in public, ventilation and air-filtering, <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_etiquette" class="mw-redirect" title="Respiratory etiquette">covering one\'s mouth when sneezing or coughing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hand_washing" title="Hand washing">hand washing</a>, disinfecting surfaces, and <a href="/wiki/Self-isolation" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-isolation">quarantining</a> people who have been exposed or are symptomatic. <a href="/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19" title="Treatment and management of COVID-19">Treatments</a> focus on addressing symptoms, but work is underway to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">develop medications</a> that inhibit the virus. Authorities worldwide <a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">have responded</a> by implementing <a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">travel restrictions</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">lockdowns</a>, business closures, <a href="/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19" title="Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19">workplace hazard controls</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">testing</a> protocols, and systems for <a href="/wiki/Contact_tracing" title="Contact tracing">tracing contacts</a> of the infected.\n</p><p>The pandemic has resulted in severe <a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">economic disruption</a> around the world, including <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">the largest global recession</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> in the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-RFXoH_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFXoH-7">[7]</a></sup> It has led to <a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">widespread supply shortages</a> exacerbated by <a href="/wiki/Panic_buying" title="Panic buying">panic buying</a>, agricultural disruption, and <a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">food shortages</a>. The resultant near-global sustained quarantine saw an <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">unprecedented decrease in the emission of pollutants</a>. Numerous <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">educational institutions</a> and public areas have been partially or fully closed, and many <a href="/wiki/List_of_events_affected_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic">events have been cancelled or postponed</a>. <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">Misinformation has circulated</a> through <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">social media</a> and <a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">mass media</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">political tensions have been exacerbated</a>. The pandemic has raised issues of <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">racial and geographic discrimination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Health_equity" title="Health equity">health equity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Individual_and_group_rights" title="Individual and group rights">the balance</a> between public health imperatives and individual rights.\n</p>\n<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Naming"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Naming</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Epidemiology"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Epidemiology</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Cases"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Cases</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Deaths"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Deaths</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Reporting"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Reporting</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Infection_fatality_ratio_(IFR)"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Infection fatality ratio (IFR)</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Case_fatality_ratio_(CFR)"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Case fatality ratio (CFR)</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Disease"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Disease</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Signs_and_symptoms"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Signs and symptoms</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Transmission"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Transmission</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Cause"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Cause</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Diagnosis"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Diagnosis</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Prevention"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Prevention</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Vaccines"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Vaccines</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Treatment"><span class="tocnumber">3.7</span> <span class="toctext">Treatment</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Variants"><span class="tocnumber">3.8</span> <span class="toctext">Variants</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Prognosis"><span class="tocnumber">3.9</span> <span class="toctext">Prognosis</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Mitigation"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Mitigation</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Screening,_containment_and_mitigation"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Screening, containment and mitigation</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Contact_tracing"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Contact tracing</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Health_care"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Health care</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#2019"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">2019</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#2020"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">2020</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#2021"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">2021</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#National_responses"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">National responses</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Asia"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Asia</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="#China"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">China</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="#India"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">India</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="#Iran"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Iran</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><a href="#South_Korea"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">South Korea</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Europe"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Europe</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34"><a href="#France"><span class="tocnumber">6.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">France</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><a href="#Italy"><span class="tocnumber">6.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Italy</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="#Spain"><span class="tocnumber">6.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Spain</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-37"><a href="#Sweden"><span class="tocnumber">6.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Sweden</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-38"><a href="#United_Kingdom"><span class="tocnumber">6.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">United Kingdom</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#North_America"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">North America</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-40"><a href="#United_States"><span class="tocnumber">6.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">United States</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="#South_America"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">South America</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-42"><a href="#Brazil"><span class="tocnumber">6.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Brazil</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="#Africa"><span class="tocnumber">6.5</span> <span class="toctext">Africa</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="#Oceania"><span class="tocnumber">6.6</span> <span class="toctext">Oceania</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="#Antarctica"><span class="tocnumber">6.7</span> <span class="toctext">Antarctica</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="#International_responses"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">International responses</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47"><a href="#Travel_restrictions"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Travel restrictions</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48"><a href="#Evacuation_of_foreign_citizens"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Evacuation of foreign citizens</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49"><a href="#United_Nations_response_measures"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">United Nations response measures</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-50"><a href="#WHO_response_measures"><span class="tocnumber">7.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">WHO response measures</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-51"><a href="#Protests_against_governmental_measures"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Protests against governmental measures</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-52"><a href="#Impact"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Impact</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53"><a href="#Economics"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Economics</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-54"><a href="#Supply_shortages"><span class="tocnumber">8.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Supply shortages</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-55"><a href="#Oil_and_other_energy_markets"><span class="tocnumber">8.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Oil and other energy markets</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-56"><a href="#Culture"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Culture</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-57"><a href="#Politics"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Politics</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-58"><a href="#China_2"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">China</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-59"><a href="#Italy_2"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Italy</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-60"><a href="#United_States_2"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">United States</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-61"><a href="#Other_countries"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Other countries</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-62"><a href="#Agriculture_and_food_systems"><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span> <span class="toctext">Agriculture and food systems</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-63"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">8.5</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-64"><a href="#Other_health_issues"><span class="tocnumber">8.6</span> <span class="toctext">Other health issues</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-65"><a href="#Environment_and_climate"><span class="tocnumber">8.7</span> <span class="toctext">Environment and climate</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-66"><a href="#Discrimination_and_prejudice"><span class="tocnumber">8.8</span> <span class="toctext">Discrimination and prejudice</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-67"><a href="#Lifestyle_changes"><span class="tocnumber">8.9</span> <span class="toctext">Lifestyle changes</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-68"><a href="#Information_dissemination"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Information dissemination</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-69"><a href="#Misinformation"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Misinformation</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-70"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-71"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-72"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-73"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-74"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-75"><a href="#Health_agencies"><span class="tocnumber">14.1</span> <span class="toctext">Health agencies</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-76"><a href="#Directories"><span class="tocnumber">14.2</span> <span class="toctext">Directories</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-77"><a href="#Data_and_graphs"><span class="tocnumber">14.3</span> <span class="toctext">Data and graphs</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-78"><a href="#Medical_journals"><span class="tocnumber">14.4</span> <span class="toctext">Medical journals</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Naming">Naming</span></h2>\n<p>The pandemic is known by several names. It is often referred to as its colloquial name, "the coronavirus pandemic",<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> despite the existence of other <a href="/wiki/Human_coronaviruses" class="mw-redirect" title="Human coronaviruses">human coronaviruses</a> that have caused epidemics and outbreaks (e.g. <a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002\xe2\x80\x932004 SARS outbreak">SARS</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> Before it was declared a pandemic, it was known as "the coronavirus outbreak" and "Wuhan coronavirus outbreak".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup>\n</p><p>During <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei">the initial outbreak</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, the virus and disease were commonly referred to as "coronavirus" and "Wuhan coronavirus",<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> with the disease sometimes called "Wuhan pneumonia".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> In January 2020, the WHO recommended 2019-nCoV<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> and 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> as interim names for the virus and disease per 2015 guidance and international guidelines against using geographical locations (e.g. Wuhan, China), animal species, or groups of people in disease and virus names in part to prevent <a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">social stigma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> The official names COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 were issued by the WHO on 11 February 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO-naming_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO-naming-17">[17]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom" title="Tedros Adhanom">Tedros Adhanom</a> explained: CO<span class="nowrap"> </span>for <i>corona</i>, VI<span class="nowrap"> </span>for <i>virus</i>, D<span class="nowrap"> </span>for <i>disease</i> and 19 for when the outbreak was first identified (31 December 2019).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> The WHO additionally uses "the COVID-19 virus" and "the virus responsible for COVID-19" in public communications.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO-naming_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO-naming-17">[17]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">variants of the virus</a> are also known by several names. Before being given official names by the WHO, they were commonly named after where the variants were found (e.g. Delta variant was known as the Indian variant),<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> and are also known colloquially as "variants of concern".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> At the end of May 2021, the WHO assigned labels to all the variants after introducing a new policy of using <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek letters</a> for variants of concern and variants of interest.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC.May.31.2021_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC.May.31.2021-22">[22]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</span></h2>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1048617464"/><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">For country-level <a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data">data</a>, see:</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="padding:3px 0; font-size:larger;"><b><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country" title="732-bar-chart"><img alt="732-bar-chart" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/732-bar-chart.svg/80px-732-bar-chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/732-bar-chart.svg/120px-732-bar-chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/732-bar-chart.svg/160px-732-bar-chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></td></tr><tr style="text-align:center"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="display:inline-block;margin: 0 5px 10px"><b><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">Cases</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:1.2em;">243,226,997</span></div><div style="display:inline-block;margin: 0 5px 10px"><b><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">Deaths</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:1.2em;">4,941,660</span></div>\n<div>As of 23 October 2021<sup id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup></div>\n<div class="hlist nowraplinks" style="margin:5px 10px 5px;font-weight:bold;">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">Asia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">Europe</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">North America</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">Oceania</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South America</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li></ul></div>\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span></h3>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">Investigations into the origin of COVID-19</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei">COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei</a></div>\n<p>Although the exact origin of the virus is still unknown,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> the first <a href="/wiki/Outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="Outbreak">outbreak</a> started in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, Hubei, China, in November 2019. Many early cases of COVID-19 were linked to people who had visited the <a href="/wiki/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market" title="Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market">Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market</a> in Wuhan,<sup id="cite_ref-41UYw_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41UYw-24">[24]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-26">[26]</a></sup> but it is possible that human-to-human transmission was already happening before this.<sup id="cite_ref-Hu2020natureReviews_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hu2020natureReviews-27">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Graham2020immunity_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graham2020immunity-28">[28]</a></sup> On 11 February 2020, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) named the disease "<a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>", which is short for "coronavirus disease 2019".<sup id="cite_ref-TLY19_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TLY19-29">[29]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cD8mY_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cD8mY-30">[30]</a></sup> The virus that caused the outbreak is known as <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</a> (SARS-CoV-2), a newly discovered virus closely related to <a href="/wiki/Bat_virome#Coronaviruses" title="Bat virome">bat coronaviruses</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-LancetNowcasting_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LancetNowcasting-31">[31]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pangolin" title="Pangolin">pangolin</a> coronaviruses,<sup id="cite_ref-ia56U_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ia56U-32">[32]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zhang6April2020_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang6April2020-33">[33]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus">SARS-CoV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ECDC_risk_assessment_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECDC_risk_assessment-34">[34]</a></sup> The scientific consensus is that the virus is most likely of <a href="/wiki/Zoonotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoonotic">zoonotic</a> origin, from bats or another closely-related mammal.<sup id="cite_ref-Hu2020natureReviews_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hu2020natureReviews-27">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> Despite this, the subject has generated extensive speculation and conspiracy theories,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Graham2020immunity_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graham2020immunity-28">[28]</a></sup> which were amplified by rapidly growing online <a href="/wiki/Echo_chamber_(media)" title="Echo chamber (media)">echo chambers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> Global geopolitical divisions, notably between the United States and China, have been heightened because of this issue.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The earliest known person with symptoms was later discovered to have fallen ill on 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>December 2019, and that person did not have visible connections with the later <a href="/wiki/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market#Link_to_COVID-19" title="Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market">wet market</a> cluster.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-67_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-67-39">[39]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wang24Jan2020_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang24Jan2020-40">[40]</a></sup> However, an earlier case of infection could have occurred on 17 November.<sup id="cite_ref-November_case_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-November_case-41">[41]</a></sup> Of the early cluster of cases reported that month, two-thirds were found to have a link with the market.<sup id="cite_ref-Huang24Jan2020_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huang24Jan2020-42">[42]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Joseph24Jan2020_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joseph24Jan2020-43">[43]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-han24Jan2020_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-han24Jan2020-44">[44]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Molecular_clock" title="Molecular clock">Molecular clock</a> analysis suggests that the <a href="/wiki/Index_case" title="Index case">index case</a> is likely to have been infected with the virus between mid-October and mid-November 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Cases">Cases</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">COVID-19 pandemic cases</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg/350px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="180" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg/525px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg/700px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2921" data-file-height="1500" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Cumulative confirmed cases by country, as of 25 August 2021<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1022511316">.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key-wide{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key-narrow{column-count:1}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key>ol{margin-left:1.3em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key>ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="plainlist image-key"><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#290000; color:white;"> </span> 10,000,000+</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#510000; color:white;"> </span> 1,000,000\xe2\x80\x939,999,999</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#900000; color:white;"> </span> 100,000\xe2\x80\x93999,999</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#c80200; color:white;"> </span> 10,000\xe2\x80\x9399,999</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ee7070; color:black;"> </span> 1,000\xe2\x80\x939,999</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffc0c0; color:black;"> </span> 100\xe2\x80\x93999</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffdfe0; color:black;"> </span> 1\xe2\x80\x9399</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#e0e0e0; color:black;"> </span> 0</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div>\n<p>Official case counts refer to the number of people who have been <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">tested for COVID-19</a> and whose test has been confirmed positive according to official protocols.<sup id="cite_ref-1ceLG_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1ceLG-47">[47]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-J0rix_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J0rix-48">[48]</a></sup> Many countries, early on, had official policies to not test those with only mild symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-elpais640000_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elpais640000-49">[49]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200313reuters_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200313reuters-50">[50]</a></sup> An analysis of the early phase of the outbreak up to 23 January estimated 86 percent of COVID-19 infections had not been detected, and that these undocumented infections were the source for 79 percent of documented cases.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_eabb3221_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li_eabb3221-51">[51]</a></sup> Several other studies, using a variety of methods, have estimated that numbers of infections in many countries are likely to be considerably greater than the reported cases.<sup id="cite_ref-WqXOo_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WqXOo-52">[52]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BtFLV_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BtFLV-53">[53]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 9 April 2020, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Case-Cluster-Study" title="COVID-19 Case-Cluster-Study">preliminary results</a> found that 15 percent of people tested in <a href="/wiki/Gangelt" title="Gangelt">Gangelt</a>, the centre of a major infection cluster in Germany, tested positive for <a href="/wiki/Antibody" title="Antibody">antibodies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-otW1O_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-otW1O-54">[54]</a></sup> Screening for COVID-19 in pregnant women in New York City, and <a href="/wiki/Blood_donor" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood donor">blood donors</a> in the Netherlands, has also found rates of positive antibody tests that may indicate more infections than reported.<sup id="cite_ref-rCdvL_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rCdvL-55">[55]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200416reuters_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200416reuters-56">[56]</a></sup> Seroprevalence based estimates are conservative as some studies show that persons with mild symptoms do not have detectable antibodies.<sup id="cite_ref-0LgFK_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0LgFK-57">[57]</a></sup> Some results (such as the Gangelt study) have received substantial press coverage without first passing through peer review.<sup id="cite_ref-dSUxs_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dSUxs-58">[58]</a></sup>\n</p><p>An analysis in early 2020 of cases by age in China indicated that a relatively low proportion of cases occurred in individuals under 20.<sup id="cite_ref-statista1095024_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statista1095024-59">[59]</a></sup> It was not clear whether this was because young people were less likely to be infected, or less likely to develop serious symptoms and seek medical attention and be tested.<sup id="cite_ref-vox21190033_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vox21190033-60">[60]</a></sup> A retrospective <a href="/wiki/Cohort_study" title="Cohort study">cohort study</a> in China found that <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children">children</a> and adults were just as likely to be infected.<sup id="cite_ref-489Q3_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-489Q3-61">[61]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Initial estimates of the <a href="/wiki/Basic_reproduction_number" title="Basic reproduction number">basic reproduction number</a> (R<sub>0</sub>) for COVID-19 in January were between 1.4 and 2.5,<sup id="cite_ref-WFNfK_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WFNfK-62">[62]</a></sup> but a subsequent analysis concluded that it may be about 5.7 (with a 95 percent <a href="/wiki/Confidence_interval" title="Confidence interval">confidence interval</a> of 3.8 to 8.9).<sup id="cite_ref-mmCQc_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mmCQc-63">[63]</a></sup> R<sub>0</sub> can vary across populations and is not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Effective_reproduction_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Effective reproduction number">effective reproduction number</a> (commonly just called R), which takes into account effects such as social distancing and <a href="/wiki/Herd_immunity" title="Herd immunity">herd immunity</a>. By mid-May 2020, the effective R was close to or below 1.0 in many countries, meaning the spread of the disease in these areas at that time was stable or decreasing.<sup id="cite_ref-20200508telegraph_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200508telegraph-64">[64]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div style="clear:both;"></div>\n<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed">\n\t\t<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 332.66666666667px"><div style="width: 332.66666666667px">\n\t\t\t<div class="thumb" style="width: 330.66666666667px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/496px-Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png" decoding="async" width="331" height="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/744px-Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png 2x" data-file-width="935" data-file-height="622" /></a></div></div>\n\t\t\t<div class="gallerytext">\n<p>Semi-log plot of weekly new cases of COVID-19 in the world and the current top six countries (mean with deaths)\n</p>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</div></li>\n\t\t<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310px"><div style="width: 310px">\n\t\t\t<div class="thumb" style="width: 308px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png/462px-Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png" decoding="async" width="308" height="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png/693px-Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="565" /></a></div></div>\n\t\t\t<div class="gallerytext">\n<p>COVID-19 total cases per 100 000 population from selected countries<sup id="cite_ref-ECDC_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECDC-65">[65]</a></sup>\n</p>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</div></li>\n\t\t<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310px"><div style="width: 310px">\n\t\t\t<div class="thumb" style="width: 308px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png/462px-COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png" decoding="async" width="308" height="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png/693px-COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="565" /></a></div></div>\n\t\t\t<div class="gallerytext">\n<p>COVID-19 active cases per 100 000 population from selected countries<sup id="cite_ref-ECDC_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECDC-65">[65]</a></sup>\n</p>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</div></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Deaths">Deaths</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">COVID-19 pandemic deaths</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country</a></div>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">List of deaths due to COVID-19</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg/220px-COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg/330px-COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg/440px-COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2250" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Deceased in a refrigerated "mobile morgue" outside a hospital in <a href="/wiki/Hackensack,_New_Jersey" title="Hackensack, New Jersey">Hackensack, New Jersey</a>, U.S.</div></div></div>\n<p>Official deaths from COVID-19 generally refer to people who died after testing positive according to protocols. These counts may ignore deaths of people who die without having been tested.<sup id="cite_ref-20200331reuters_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200331reuters-66">[66]</a></sup> Conversely, deaths of people who had underlying conditions may lead to over-counting.<sup id="cite_ref-stuff120443722_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stuff120443722-67">[67]</a></sup> Comparisons of statistics for deaths for all causes versus the seasonal average indicate excess mortality in many countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu_2020_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu_2020-68">[68]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gR8g3_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gR8g3-69">[69]</a></sup> This may include deaths due to strained healthcare systems and bans on <a href="/wiki/Elective_surgery" title="Elective surgery">elective surgery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20200429reason_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200429reason-70">[70]</a></sup> The first confirmed death was in Wuhan on 9 January 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-25_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-25-71">[71]</a></sup> Nevertheless, the first reported death outside of China occurred on<span class="nowrap"> </span>1 February 2020 in the Philippines,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT2020PhilDeath_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT2020PhilDeath-72">[72]</a></sup> and the first reported death outside Asia was in the United States on 6 February 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-FpBPA_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FpBPA-73">[73]</a></sup>\n</p><p>More than 95 per cent of the people who contract COVID-19 recover. Otherwise, the time between symptoms onset and death usually ranges from<span class="nowrap"> </span>6 to 41 days, typically about 14 days.<sup id="cite_ref-pathogenesis_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pathogenesis-74">[74]</a></sup> As of 23 October 2021, more than 4.94<span class="nowrap"> </span>million<sup id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup> deaths have been attributed to COVID-19. People at the greatest risk of mortality from COVID-19 tend to be those with underlying conditions, such as those with a <a href="/wiki/Immunodeficiency" title="Immunodeficiency">weakened immune system</a>, serious heart or lung problems, severe <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a>, or the elderly (including individuals age 65 years or older).<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6XONR_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6XONR-76">[76]</a></sup>\nThe strongest risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness are obesity, <a href="/wiki/Complications_of_diabetes" title="Complications of diabetes">complications of diabetes</a>, and anxiety disorders.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Multiple measures are used to quantify mortality.<sup id="cite_ref-wBm2a_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wBm2a-78">[78]</a></sup> These numbers vary by region and over time, influenced by testing volume, healthcare system quality, treatment options, government response,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></sup> time since the initial outbreak, and population characteristics, such as age, sex, and overall health.<sup id="cite_ref-worldindata_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldindata-80">[80]</a></sup> Countries like Belgium include deaths from suspected cases of COVID-19, regardless of whether the person was tested, resulting in higher numbers compared to countries that include only test-confirmed cases.<sup id="cite_ref-npr841005901_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr841005901-81">[81]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The death-to-case ratio reflects the number of deaths attributed to COVID-19 divided by the number of diagnosed cases within a given time interval. Based on Johns Hopkins University statistics, the global death-to-case ratio is <span data-sort-value="7000203170703127169\xe2\x99\xa0" style="display:none"></span>2.03 percent (4,941,660 deaths for 243,226,997 cases) as of 23 October 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup> The number varies by region.<sup id="cite_ref-b0L7I_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b0L7I-82">[82]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed">\n\t\t<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 354px"><div style="width: 354px">\n\t\t\t<div class="thumb" style="width: 352px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/528px-Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png" decoding="async" width="352" height="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/792px-Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="590" /></a></div></div>\n\t\t\t<div class="gallerytext">\n<p>Semi-log plot of weekly deaths due to COVID-19 in the world and top six current countries (mean with cases)\n</p>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</div></li>\n\t\t<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310px"><div style="width: 310px">\n\t\t\t<div class="thumb" style="width: 308px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_deaths_per_100,000_population.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png/462px-COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png" decoding="async" width="308" height="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png/693px-COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="565" /></a></div></div>\n\t\t\t<div class="gallerytext">\n<p>COVID-19 deaths per 100 000 population from selected countries<sup id="cite_ref-ECDC_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECDC-65">[65]</a></sup>\n</p>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</div></li>\n</ul><p>The official death counts have been criticised for underreporting the actual death toll, because comparisons of death rates before and during the pandemic show an increase in deaths that is not explained by COVID-19 deaths alone.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a></sup> Using such data, estimates of the true number of deaths from COVID-19 worldwide have included a range from 9.5 to 18.6 million by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>, as well as over 10.3 million by the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Health_Metrics_and_Evaluation" title="Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_Projections_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_Projections-6">[6]</a></sup>\n</p><h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Reporting">Reporting</span></h4>\n<p>On 24 March 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC) of the United States, indicated the WHO had provided two codes for COVID-19: U07.1 when confirmed by laboratory testing and U07.2 for clinically or epidemiological diagnosis where laboratory confirmation is inconclusive or not available.<sup id="cite_ref-MsVEW_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MsVEW-83">[83]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></sup> The CDC noted that "Because laboratory test results are not typically reported on death certificates in the US, [the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Health_Statistics" title="National Center for Health Statistics">National Center for Health Statistics</a> (NCHS)] is not planning to implement U07.2 for mortality statistics" and that U07.1 would be used "If the death certificate reports terms such as \'probable COVID-19\' or \'likely COVID-19\'." The CDC also noted "It Is not likely that NCHS will follow up on these cases" and while the "underlying cause depends upon what and where conditions are reported on the death certificate, ... the rules for coding and selection of the ... cause of death are expected to result in COVID\xe2\x80\x9319 being the underlying cause more often than not."<sup id="cite_ref-MsVEW_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MsVEW-83">[83]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 16 April 2020, the WHO, in its formal publication of the two codes, U07.1 and U07.2, "recognized that in many countries detail as to the laboratory confirmation ... will not be reported [and] recommended, for mortality purposes only, to code COVID-19 provisionally to code U07.1 unless it is stated as \'probable\' or \'suspected\'."<sup id="cite_ref-d3wei_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d3wei-85">[85]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5aSHW_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5aSHW-86">[86]</a></sup> It was also noted that the WHO "does not distinguish" between infection by SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-Hauser_2020_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hauser_2020-87">[87]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span id="Infection_fatality_ratio_.28IFR.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Infection_fatality_ratio_(IFR)">Infection fatality ratio (IFR)</span></h4>\n<table class="wikitable floatright">\n<caption><span class="nowrap">IFR estimate per age group</span><sup id="cite_ref-EJE_levinetal_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EJE_levinetal-88">[88]</a></sup>\n</caption>\n<tbody><tr>\n<th>Age group</th>\n<th>IFR\n</th></tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0\xe2\x80\x9334</td>\n<td>0.004%\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td>35\xe2\x80\x9344</td>\n<td>0.068%\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td>45\xe2\x80\x9354</td>\n<td>0.23%\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td>55\xe2\x80\x9364</td>\n<td>0.75%\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td>65\xe2\x80\x9374</td>\n<td>2.5%\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td>75\xe2\x80\x9384</td>\n<td>8.5%\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td>85\xe2\x80\x89+</td>\n<td>28.3%\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\n<p>A crucial metric in assessing the severity of a disease is the <a href="/wiki/Infection_fatality_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Infection fatality rate">infection fatality ratio</a> (IFR), which is the cumulative number of deaths attributed to the disease divided by the cumulative number of infected individuals (including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections) as measured or estimated as of a specific date.<sup id="cite_ref-fjMw6_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjMw6-89">[89]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHOest_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOest-90">[90]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ovoEx_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ovoEx-91">[91]</a></sup> Epidemiologists frequently refer to this metric as the \'infection fatality rate\' to clarify that it is expressed in percentage points (not as a decimal).<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></sup> Other published studies refer to this metric as the \'infection fatality risk\'.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In November 2020, a review article in <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)"><i>Nature</i></a> reported estimates of population-weighted IFRs for a number of countries, excluding deaths in elderly care facilities, and found a median range of 0.24% to 1.49%.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In December 2020, a systematic review and meta-analysis published in the <i><a href="/wiki/European_Journal_of_Epidemiology" title="European Journal of Epidemiology">European Journal of Epidemiology</a></i> estimated that population-weighted IFR was 0.5% to 1% in some countries (France, Netherlands, New Zealand, and Portugal), 1% to 2% in several other countries (Australia, England, Lithuania, and Spain), and about 2.5% in Italy; these estimates included fatalities in elderly care facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-EJE_levinetal_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EJE_levinetal-88">[88]</a></sup> This study also found that most of the differences in IFR across locations reflected corresponding differences in the age composition of the population and the age-specific pattern of infection rates, due to very low IFRs for children and younger adults (e.g., 0.002% at age 10 and 0.01% at age 25) and progressively higher IFRs for older adults (0.4% at age 55, 1.4% at age 65, 4.6% at age 75, and 15% at age 85).<sup id="cite_ref-EJE_levinetal_88-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EJE_levinetal-88">[88]</a></sup> These results were also highlighted in a December 2020 report issued by the World Health Organization.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></sup>\n</p><p>An analysis of those IFR rates indicates that COVID-19 is hazardous not only for the elderly but also for middle-aged adults, for whom a fatal COVID-19 infection is two orders of magnitude more likely than the annualised risk of a fatal automobile accident and far more dangerous than seasonal influenza.<sup id="cite_ref-EJE_levinetal_88-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EJE_levinetal-88">[88]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div style="clear:left;"></div>\n<h4><span id="Case_fatality_ratio_.28CFR.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Case_fatality_ratio_(CFR)">Case fatality ratio (CFR)</span></h4>\n<p>Another metric in assessing death rate is the <a href="/wiki/Case_fatality_rate" title="Case fatality rate">case fatality ratio</a> (CFR),<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97">[a]</a></sup> which is deaths attributed to disease divided by individuals diagnosed to-date. This metric can be misleading because of the delay between symptom onset and death and because testing focuses on individuals with symptoms (and particularly on those manifesting more severe symptoms).<sup id="cite_ref-Hauser_2020_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hauser_2020-87">[87]</a></sup> On 4 August 2020, WHO indicated "at this early stage of the pandemic, most estimates of fatality ratios have been based on cases detected through surveillance and calculated using crude methods, giving rise to widely variable estimates of CFR by country \xe2\x80\x93 from less than 0.1% to over 25%."<sup id="cite_ref-WHOest_90-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOest-90">[90]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div style="clear:right;"></div>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Disease">Disease</span></h2>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a></div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Signs_and_symptoms">Signs and symptoms</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19" title="Symptoms of COVID-19">Symptoms of COVID-19</a></div>\n<div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r952607947">.mw-parser-output .excerpt .selflink{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .excerpt-indicator{border-left:3px solid #c8ccd1;margin:1em 0;padding-left:1em}</style><div class="excerpt">\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:262px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg/260px-Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="132" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg/390px-Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg/520px-Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1972" data-file-height="1001" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms" title="Signs and symptoms">Symptoms</a> of COVID-19</div></div></div>\n<p><a href="/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19" title="Symptoms of COVID-19">Symptoms of COVID-19</a> are variable, ranging from mild symptoms to severe illness.<sup id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_CDC2020Sym_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_CDC2020Sym-98">[97]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Grant_et_al_2020_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Grant_et_al_2020-99">[98]</a></sup> Common symptoms include <a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">headache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anosmia" title="Anosmia">loss of smell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ageusia" title="Ageusia">taste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nasal_Obstruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal Obstruction">nasal congestion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhinorrhea" title="Rhinorrhea">runny nose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cough" title="Cough">cough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muscle_pain" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscle pain">muscle pain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sore_throat" title="Sore throat">sore throat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">fever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Breathing_difficulties" class="mw-redirect" title="Breathing difficulties">breathing difficulties</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_ECDC_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_ECDC-100">[99]</a></sup> People with the same infection may have different symptoms, and their symptoms may change over time. Three common clusters of symptoms have been identified: one respiratory symptom cluster with cough, <a href="/wiki/Sputum" title="Sputum">sputum</a>, shortness of breath, and fever; a musculoskeletal symptom cluster with muscle and joint pain, headache, and fatigue; a cluster of digestive symptoms with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.<sup id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_ECDC_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_ECDC-100">[99]</a></sup> In people without prior ear, nose, and throat disorders, <a href="/wiki/Hypogeusia" title="Hypogeusia">loss of taste</a> combined with <a href="/wiki/Hyposmia" title="Hyposmia">loss of smell</a> is associated with <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> and is reported in as many as 88% of cases<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32483687_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32483687-103">[102]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Of people who show symptoms, 81% develop only mild to moderate symptoms (up to mild <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>), while 14% develop severe symptoms (<a href="/wiki/Dyspnea" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyspnea">dyspnea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hypoxia_(medical)" title="Hypoxia (medical)">hypoxia</a>, or more than 50% lung involvement on imaging) and 5% of patients suffer critical symptoms (<a href="/wiki/Respiratory_failure" title="Respiratory failure">respiratory failure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)" title="Shock (circulatory)">shock</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Organ_dysfunction" title="Organ dysfunction">multiorgan dysfunction</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_CDC_Interim_Guidance_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_CDC_Interim_Guidance-104">[103]</a></sup> At least a third of the people who are infected with the virus do not develop noticeable symptoms at any point in time.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Asymptomatic_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Asymptomatic-106">[105]</a></sup> These <a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic" title="Asymptomatic">asymptomatic</a> carriers tend not to get tested and can spread the disease.<sup id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Asymptomatic_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Asymptomatic-106">[105]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_:2_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_:2-109">[108]</a></sup> Other infected people will develop symptoms later, called "pre-symptomatic", or have very mild symptoms and can also spread the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_:2_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_:2-109">[108]</a></sup>\n</p><p>As is common with infections, there is <a href="/wiki/Incubation_period" title="Incubation period">a delay</a> between the moment a person first becomes infected and the appearance of the first symptoms. The <a href="/wiki/Median" title="Median">median</a> delay for COVID-19 is four to five days.<sup id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32329974_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32329974-110">[109]</a></sup> Most symptomatic people experience symptoms within two to seven days after exposure, and almost all will experience at least one symptom within 12 days.<sup id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32329974_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32329974-110">[109]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a></sup>\n</p>\nMost people recover from the acute phase of the disease. However, some people \xe2\x80\x93 over half of a <a href="/wiki/Cohort_study" title="Cohort study">cohort</a> of home-isolated young patients<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a></sup> \xe2\x80\x93 continue to experience a range of effects, such as <a href="/wiki/Fatigue" title="Fatigue">fatigue</a>, for months after recovery, a condition called <a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">long COVID</a>; long-term damage to organs has been observed. Multi-year studies are underway to further investigate the long-term effects of the disease.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a></sup></div></div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Transmission">Transmission</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19" title="Transmission of COVID-19">Transmission of COVID-19</a></div>\n<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt"><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg/220px-Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg/330px-Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg/440px-Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1379" data-file-height="886" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">The respiratory route of spread of COVID-19, encompassing larger droplets and aerosols.</div></div></div></div>\n<p>The disease is mainly transmitted via the respiratory route when people inhale droplets and small airborne particles (that form an <a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">aerosol</a>) that infected people breath out as they breathe, talk, cough, sneeze, or sing.<sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Wang_2021_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Wang_2021-115">[114]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AR2021_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AR2021-117">[116]</a></sup> Infected people are more likely to transmit COVID-19 when they are physically close. However, infection can occur over longer distances, particularly indoors.<sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Wang_2021_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Wang_2021-115">[114]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Miller_2021_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Miller_2021-118">[117]</a></sup>\n2). \n</p><p><a href="/wiki/Infectivity" title="Infectivity">Infectivity</a> can occur 1-3 days before the onset of symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG-119">[118]</a></sup> Infected persons can spread the disease even if they are pre-symptomatic or <a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic" title="Asymptomatic">asymptomatic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG-119">[118]</a></sup> Most commonly, the peak viral load in <a href="/wiki/Upper_respiratory_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper respiratory tract">upper respiratory tract</a> samples occurs close to the time of symptom onset and declines after the first week after symptoms begin.<sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG_119-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG-119">[118]</a></sup> Current evidence suggests a duration of viral shedding and the period of infectiousness of up to 10 days following symptom onset for persons with mild to moderate COVID-19, and a up to 20 days for persons with severe COVID-19, including immunocompromised persons.<sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDCClinicalQuestions_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDCClinicalQuestions-120">[119]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG_119-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG-119">[118]</a></sup> \n</p><p>Infectious particles range in size from <a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">aerosols</a> that remain suspended in the air for long periods of time to larger <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_droplet" title="Respiratory droplet">droplets</a> that remain airborne or fall to the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDCScientificBriefTransmission_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDCScientificBriefTransmission-121">[120]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_who_transmitted_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_who_transmitted-122">[121]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals-123">[122]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021-124">[123]</a></sup> Additionally, COVID-19 research has redefined the traditional understanding of how respiratory viruses are transmitted.<sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021_124-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021-124">[123]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Morawska_2021_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Morawska_2021-125">[124]</a></sup> The largest droplets of respiratory fluid do not travel far, and can be inhaled or land on mucous membranes on the eyes, nose, or mouth to infect.<sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals-123">[122]</a></sup> Aerosols are highest in concentration when people are in close proximity, which leads to easier viral transmission when people are physically close,<sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals_123-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals-123">[122]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021_124-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021-124">[123]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Morawska_2021_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Morawska_2021-125">[124]</a></sup> but <a href="/wiki/Airborne_transmission" title="Airborne transmission">airborne transmission</a> can occur at longer distances, mainly in locations that are poorly ventilated;<sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals_123-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals-123">[122]</a></sup> in those conditions small particles can remain suspended in the air for minutes to hours.<sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals_123-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals-123">[122]</a></sup>\n</p>\nThe number of people generally infected by one infected person varies;<sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AnnalsTransmit2_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AnnalsTransmit2-126">[125]</a></sup> as only 10 to 20% of people are responsible for the disease\'s spread.<sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Lessler_2021_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Lessler_2021-127">[126]</a></sup> It often spreads in <a href="/wiki/Disease_cluster" title="Disease cluster">clusters</a>, where infections can be traced back to an index case or geographical location.<sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Lui_2020_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Lui_2020-128">[127]</a></sup> Often in these instances, <a href="/wiki/Superspreading_event" title="Superspreading event">superspreading events</a> occur, where many people are infected by one person.<sup id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AnnalsTransmit2_126-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AnnalsTransmit2-126">[125]</a></sup></div></div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Cause">Cause</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045330069"/><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">Coronaviruses</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg" class="image" title="HCoV-229E virus"><img alt="HCoV-229E virus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg/160px-Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="114" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg/240px-Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg/320px-Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1368" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">\n<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus#Classification" title="Coronavirus">Types</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphacoronavirus" title="Alphacoronavirus">Alphacoronavirus</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Betacoronavirus" title="Betacoronavirus">Betacoronavirus</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Gammacoronavirus" title="Gammacoronavirus">Gammacoronavirus</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Deltacoronavirus_(genus)" title="Deltacoronavirus (genus)">Deltacoronavirus</a></li></ul></div></div></td>\n</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">\n<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_diseases" title="Coronavirus diseases">Diseases</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">Common cold</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">SARS</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome">MERS</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a></li></ul></div></div></td>\n</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">\n<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Vaccines</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a></li></ul></div></div></td>\n</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">\n<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Epidemics and pandemics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002\xe2\x80\x932004 SARS outbreak">SARS</a> <small>(2002\xe2\x80\x932004)</small></li>\n<li>MERS\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome_outbreak" title="2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak">2012</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2015_Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome_outbreak_in_South_Korea" title="2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak in South Korea">2015</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2018_Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome_outbreak" title="2018 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak">2018</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">COVID-19</a> <small>(2019\xe2\x80\x932021)</small></li></ul></div></div></td>\n</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">\n<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronaviridae" title="Coronaviridae">Coronaviridae</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Novel_coronavirus" title="Novel coronavirus">Novel coronavirus</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coronavirus" title="History of coronavirus">History of coronavirus</a></li></ul></div></div></td>\n</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coronavirus" title="Template:Coronavirus"><abbr title="View this template" style=";text-decoration:inherit;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coronavirus" title="Template talk:Coronavirus"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";text-decoration:inherit;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Coronavirus&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";text-decoration:inherit;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</a></div>\n<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">\nSARS\xe2\x80\x91CoV\xe2\x80\x912 belongs to the broad family of viruses known as <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">coronaviruses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_Fox2020_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_Fox2020-129">[128]</a></sup> It is a <a href="/wiki/Positive-sense_single-stranded_RNA_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus">positive-sense single-stranded RNA</a> (+ssRNA) virus, with a single linear RNA segment. Coronaviruses infect humans, other mammals, including livestock and companion animals, and avian species.<sup id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_V\xe2\x80\x99kovskik:21_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_V\xe2\x80\x99kovskik:21-130">[129]</a></sup> Human coronaviruses are capable of causing illnesses ranging from the <a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">common cold</a> to more severe diseases such as <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome">Middle East respiratory syndrome</a> (MERS, fatality rate ~34%). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh known coronavirus to infect people, after <a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_229E" title="Human coronavirus 229E">229E</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_NL63" title="Human coronavirus NL63">NL63</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_OC43" title="Human coronavirus OC43">OC43</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_HKU1" title="Human coronavirus HKU1">HKU1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome-related_coronavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus">MERS-CoV</a>, and the original <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus">SARS-CoV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NEJM-Novel_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NEJM-Novel-131">[130]</a></sup></div></div>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg/220px-Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg/330px-Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg/440px-Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="393" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Illustration of SARS-CoV-2 <a href="/wiki/Virion" class="mw-redirect" title="Virion">virion</a></div></div></div>\n<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">\nViral genetic sequence data can provide critical information about whether viruses separated by time and space are likely to be epidemiologically linked.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a></sup> With a sufficient number of sequenced <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genomes</a>, it is possible to reconstruct a <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree" title="Phylogenetic tree">phylogenetic tree</a> of the mutation history of a family of viruses. By 12 January 2020, five genomes of SARS\xe2\x80\x91CoV\xe2\x80\x912 had been isolated from Wuhan and reported by the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Center_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention">Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CCDC) and other institutions;<sup id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_gisaid_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_gisaid-133">[132]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_VirologicalInitial_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_VirologicalInitial-134">[133]</a></sup> the number of genomes increased to 42 by 30 January 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NextstrainJanuary_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NextstrainJanuary-135">[134]</a></sup> A phylogenetic analysis of those samples showed they were "highly related with at most seven mutations relative to a <a href="/wiki/Common_ancestor" class="mw-redirect" title="Common ancestor">common ancestor</a>", implying that the first human infection occurred in November or December 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NextstrainJanuary_135-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NextstrainJanuary-135">[134]</a></sup> Examination of the topology of the phylogenetic tree at the start of the pandemic also found high similarities between human isolates.<sup id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_Sun2020Trends_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_Sun2020Trends-136">[135]</a></sup> As of 21 August 2021,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> 3,422 SARS\xe2\x80\x91CoV\xe2\x80\x912 genomes, belonging to 19 strains, sampled on all continents except Antarctica were publicly available.<sup id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NexstrainApril_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NexstrainApril-137">[136]</a></sup></div></div>\n<div style="clear:both;"></div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19#Diagnosis" title="COVID-19">COVID-19 \xc2\xa7 Diagnosis</a></div>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">COVID-19 testing</a></div>\n<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum,_K%C3%B6ln-6313_(cropped).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3311" data-file-height="3044" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum,_K%C3%B6ln-6313_(cropped).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Demonstration of a <a href="/wiki/Nasopharyngeal_swab" title="Nasopharyngeal swab">nasopharyngeal swab</a> for <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">COVID-19 testing</a></div></div></div>\nThe standard methods of testing for presence of SARS-CoV-2 are <a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acid_test" title="Nucleic acid test">nucleic acid tests</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pmid32621814_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pmid32621814-138">[137]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_20200130cdc_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_20200130cdc-139">[138]</a></sup> which detects the presence of viral RNA fragments.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_WHO_InterimGuidance_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_WHO_InterimGuidance-140">[139]</a></sup> As these tests detect RNA but not infectious virus, its "ability to determine duration of infectivity of patients is limited."<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_2k0iS_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_2k0iS-141">[140]</a></sup> The test is typically done on respiratory samples obtained by a <a href="/wiki/Nasopharyngeal_swab" title="Nasopharyngeal swab">nasopharyngeal swab</a>; however, a nasal swab or sputum sample may also be used.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_CDC2020Testing_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_CDC2020Testing-142">[141]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_20200129cdc_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_20200129cdc-143">[142]</a></sup> Results are generally available within hours.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pmid32621814_138-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pmid32621814-138">[137]</a></sup> The WHO has published several testing protocols for the disease.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a></sup></div></div>\n<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">\nChest CT scans may be helpful to diagnose COVID-19 in individuals with a high clinical suspicion of infection but are not recommended for routine screening.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_:0_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_:0-145">[144]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_acr.org_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_acr.org-146">[145]</a></sup> Bilateral multilobar <a href="/wiki/Ground-glass_opacity" title="Ground-glass opacity">ground-glass opacities</a> with a peripheral, asymmetric, and posterior distribution are common in early infection.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_:0_145-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_:0-145">[144]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a></sup> Subpleural dominance, <a href="/wiki/Crazy_paving_(medicine)" title="Crazy paving (medicine)">crazy paving</a> (lobular septal thickening with variable alveolar filling), and <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_consolidation" title="Pulmonary consolidation">consolidation</a> may appear as the disease progresses.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_:0_145-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_:0-145">[144]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a></sup> Characteristic imaging features on chest <a href="/wiki/Radiographs" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiographs">radiographs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computed_tomography" class="mw-redirect" title="Computed tomography">computed tomography</a> (CT) of people who are symptomatic include asymmetric peripheral ground-glass opacities without <a href="/wiki/Pleural_effusion" title="Pleural effusion">pleural effusions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_AJR_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_AJR-149">[148]</a></sup></div></div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Prevention">Prevention</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19#Prevention" title="COVID-19">COVID-19 \xc2\xa7 Prevention</a>, <a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>\n<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif/220px-20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif/330px-20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif/440px-20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Without pandemic containment measures – such as social distancing, vaccination, and face masks – pathogens can spread exponentially.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_Science_20200515_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_Science_20200515-150">[149]</a></sup> This graphic shows how early adoption of containment measures tends to protect wider swaths of the population.</div></div></div>\n<p>Preventive measures to reduce the chances of infection include getting vaccinated, staying at home, wearing a mask in public, avoiding crowded places, keeping distance from others, ventilating indoor spaces, managing potential exposure durations,<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a></sup> washing hands with soap and water often and for at least twenty seconds, practising good respiratory hygiene, and avoiding touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_CDC042020_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_CDC042020-152">[151]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a></sup>\n</p>\nThose diagnosed with COVID-19 or who believe they may be infected are advised by the CDC to stay home except to get medical care, call ahead before visiting a healthcare provider, <a href="#Face_masks_and_respiratory_hygiene">wear a face mask</a> before entering the healthcare provider\'s office and when in any room or vehicle with another person, cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue, regularly wash hands with soap and water and avoid sharing personal household items.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_CDC2020IfSick_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_CDC2020IfSick-154">[153]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a></sup></div></div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Vaccines">Vaccines</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a></div>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development" title="History of COVID-19 vaccine development">History of COVID-19 vaccine development</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_vaccination_(2020).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg/220px-COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg/330px-COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg/440px-COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4937" data-file-height="3136" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_vaccination_(2020).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A doctor at <a href="/wiki/Walter_Reed_National_Military_Medical_Center" title="Walter Reed National Military Medical Center">Walter Reed National Military Medical Center</a> receiving a COVID-19 vaccination</div></div></div>\n<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">\n<p>A <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID\xe2\x80\x9119 vaccine</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">vaccine</a> intended to provide <a href="/wiki/Acquired_immunity" class="mw-redirect" title="Acquired immunity">acquired immunity</a> against <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</a> (SARS\xe2\x80\x91CoV\xe2\x80\x912), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (<a href="/wiki/COVID%E2%80%9119" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID\xe2\x80\x9119">COVID\xe2\x80\x9119</a>). Prior to the COVID\xe2\x80\x9119 pandemic, an established body of knowledge existed about the structure and function of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">coronaviruses</a> causing diseases like <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">severe acute respiratory syndrome</a> (SARS) and <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome">Middle East respiratory syndrome</a> (MERS). This knowledge accelerated the development of various <a href="/wiki/Vaccine_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaccine platform">vaccine platforms</a> during early 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_vaccine_pmid33341119_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_vaccine_pmid33341119-156">[155]</a></sup> The initial focus of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was on preventing symptomatic, often severe illness.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a></sup> On 10 January 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 <a href="/wiki/DNA_sequencing" title="DNA sequencing">genetic sequence</a> data was shared through <a href="/wiki/GISAID" title="GISAID">GISAID</a>, and by 19 March, the global pharmaceutical industry announced a major commitment to address COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a></sup> The COVID\xe2\x80\x9119 vaccines are widely credited for their role in reducing the spread, severity, and death caused by COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a></sup>\n</p>\nMany countries have implemented phased distribution plans that prioritize those at highest risk of complications, such as the elderly, and those at high risk of exposure and transmission, such as healthcare workers.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_vaccine_Beaumont_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_vaccine_Beaumont-160">[159]</a></sup> Single dose interim use is under consideration to extend vaccination to as many people as possible until vaccine availability improves.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a></sup></div></div>\n<p>On 21 December 2020, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> approved the <a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer\xe2\x80\x93BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer BioNTech vaccine</a>. Vaccinations began to be administered on 27 December 2020. The <a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna vaccine</a> was authorised on 6 January 2021 and the <a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford\xe2\x80\x93AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">AstraZeneca vaccine</a> was authorised on 29 January 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_(cropped).jpg" class="image"><img alt="Elderly woman roles up sleeve as two nurses administer a vaccine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2875" data-file-height="2155" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_(cropped).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Vaccinations at an <a href="/wiki/Retirement_home" title="Retirement home">old people\'s home</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gij%C3%B3n" title="Gij\xc3\xb3n">Gij\xc3\xb3n</a>, Spain</div></div></div>\n<p>On 4 February 2020, US Secretary of Health and Human Services <a href="/wiki/Alex_Azar" title="Alex Azar">Alex Azar</a> published a notice of declaration under the <a href="/wiki/Public_Readiness_and_Emergency_Preparedness_Act" title="Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act">Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act</a> for medical countermeasures against COVID-19, covering "any vaccine, used to treat, diagnose, cure, prevent, or mitigate COVID-19, or the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 or a virus mutating therefrom", and stating that the declaration precludes "liability claims alleging negligence by a manufacturer in creating a vaccine, or negligence by a health care provider in prescribing the wrong dose, absent willful misconduct".<sup id="cite_ref-mXTUz_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mXTUz-166">[165]</a></sup> The declaration is effective in the United States through 1 October 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a></sup> On 8 December, it was reported that the AstraZeneca vaccine is about 70% effective, according to a study.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a></sup>\n</p><p>As of mid-August 2021, more than 4.6 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been administered in over 190 countries worldwide. The Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine is the most widely used around the globe.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Treatment">Treatment</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19" title="Treatment and management of COVID-19">Treatment and management of COVID-19</a></div><p>There is no specific, effective treatment or cure for <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">coronavirus disease 2019</a> (COVID-19), the disease caused by the <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">SARS-CoV-2</a> virus.<sup id="cite_ref-BMJLivingReview_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMJLivingReview-170">[169]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-63_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-63-171">[170]</a></sup> Thus, the cornerstone of management of COVID-19 is <a href="/wiki/Supportive_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Supportive care">supportive care</a>, which includes treatment to <a href="/wiki/Symptomatic_treatment" title="Symptomatic treatment">relieve symptoms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluid_replacement" title="Fluid replacement">fluid therapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_support" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen support">oxygen support</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prone_positioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Prone positioning">prone positioning</a> as needed, and medications or devices to support other affected vital organs.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a></sup>\n</p><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_(50119127303).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg/220px-Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg/330px-Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg/440px-Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5180" data-file-height="3466" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_(50119127303).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A critically ill patient receiving invasive ventilation in the intensive care unit of the <a href="/wiki/Heart_Institute,_University_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Heart Institute, University of S\xc3\xa3o Paulo">Heart Institute, University of S\xc3\xa3o Paulo</a>. Due to a shortage of mechanical ventilators, a <a href="/wiki/Resuscitator" title="Resuscitator">bridge ventilator</a> is being used to automatically actuate a <a href="/wiki/Bag_valve_mask" title="Bag valve mask">bag valve mask</a>.</div></div></div>\n<p>Most cases of COVID-19 are mild. In these, supportive care includes medication such as <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">paracetamol</a> or <a href="/wiki/NSAID" class="mw-redirect" title="NSAID">NSAIDs</a> to relieve symptoms (fever,<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a></sup> body aches, cough), adequate intake of oral fluids and rest.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-63_171-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-63-171">[170]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a></sup> Good personal hygiene and a <a href="/wiki/Healthy_diet" title="Healthy diet">healthy diet</a> are also recommended.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a></sup> The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that those who suspect they are carrying the virus isolate themselves at home and wear a face mask.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2020IfSick_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2020IfSick-176">[175]</a></sup>\n</p><p>People with more severe cases may need treatment in hospital. In those with low oxygen levels, use of the <a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">glucocorticoid</a> <a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">dexamethasone</a> is strongly recommended, as it can reduce the risk of death.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Noninvasive_ventilation" class="mw-redirect" title="Noninvasive ventilation">Noninvasive ventilation</a> and, ultimately, admission to an <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">intensive care unit</a> for <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_ventilation" title="Mechanical ventilation">mechanical ventilation</a> may be required to support breathing.<sup id="cite_ref-NIHGuidelines2020_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIHGuidelines2020-178">[177]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Extracorporeal_membrane_oxygenation" title="Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation">Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation</a> (ECMO) has been used to address the issue of respiratory failure, but its benefits are still under consideration.<sup id="cite_ref-Guan_Ni_Hu_Liang_p._179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guan_Ni_Hu_Liang_p.-179">[178]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Henry_2020_p._180-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henry_2020_p.-180">[179]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Several <a href="/wiki/Clinical_research" title="Clinical research">experimental treatments</a> are being actively studied in <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trials</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BMJLivingReview_170-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMJLivingReview-170">[169]</a></sup> Others were thought to be promising early in the pandemic, such as <a href="/wiki/Hydroxychloroquine" title="Hydroxychloroquine">hydroxychloroquine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lopinavir/ritonavir" title="Lopinavir/ritonavir">lopinavir/ritonavir</a>, but later research found them to be ineffective or even harmful.<sup id="cite_ref-BMJLivingReview_170-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMJLivingReview-170">[169]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kim_Read_Fauci_p=2149_181-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim_Read_Fauci_p=2149-181">[180]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement-182">[181]</a></sup> Despite ongoing research, there is still not enough high-quality evidence to recommend so-called early treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-Kim_Read_Fauci_p=2149_181-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim_Read_Fauci_p=2149-181">[180]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement_182-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement-182">[181]</a></sup> Nevertheless, in the United States, two <a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">monoclonal antibody</a>-based therapies are available for early use in cases thought to be at high risk of progression to severe disease.<sup id="cite_ref-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement_182-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement-182">[181]</a></sup> The antiviral <a href="/wiki/Remdesivir" title="Remdesivir">remdesivir</a> is available in the US, Canada, Australia, and several other countries, with varying restrictions; however, it is not recommended for people needing mechanical ventilation, and is discouraged altogether by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO),<sup id="cite_ref-Hsu_p=m4457_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hsu_p=m4457-183">[182]</a></sup> due to limited evidence of its efficacy.<sup id="cite_ref-BMJLivingReview_170-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMJLivingReview-170">[169]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Variants">Variants</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Variants of SARS-CoV-2</a></div>\n<p>Several variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged that are spreading globally. The most prevalent, all of which share the more infectious <a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2#D614G" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">D614G mutation</a>, are:<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lineage_B.1.1.7" class="mw-redirect" title="Lineage B.1.1.7"><i>B.1.1.7</i></a>, also known as the Alpha variant, first detected in the UK, which has spread to over 190 countries</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Lineage_P.1" class="mw-redirect" title="Lineage P.1"><i>P.1</i></a>, also known as the Gamma variant, first detected in Brazil, which has spread to over 90 countries</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Lineage_B.1.351" class="mw-redirect" title="Lineage B.1.351"><i>B.1.351</i></a>, also known as the Beta variant, first detected in South Africa, which has spread to over 140 countries</li>\n<li><i><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">B.1.617.2</a>,</i> also known as the Delta variant, first detected in India, which has spread to over 170 countries</li></ul>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg/220px-Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg/330px-Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg/440px-Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="640" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Burial of a deceased COVID-19 patient in <a href="/wiki/Hamadan" title="Hamadan">Hamadan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, March 2020</div></div></div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Prognosis">Prognosis</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19#Prognosis" title="COVID-19">COVID-19 \xc2\xa7 Prognosis</a></div>\n<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">\nThe severity of COVID-19 varies. The disease may take a mild course with few or no symptoms, resembling other common upper respiratory diseases such as the <a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">common cold</a>. In 3\xe2\x80\x934% of cases (7.4% for those over age 65) symptoms are severe enough to cause hospitalization.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pmid33087398_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pmid33087398-187">[186]</a></sup> Mild cases typically recover within two weeks, while those with severe or critical diseases may take three to six weeks to recover. Among those who have died, the time from symptom onset to death has ranged from two to eight weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_WHOReport24Feb2020_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_WHOReport24Feb2020-188">[187]</a></sup> The Italian <a href="/wiki/Istituto_Superiore_di_Sanit%C3%A0" title="Istituto Superiore di Sanit\xc3\xa0">Istituto Superiore di Sanit\xc3\xa0</a> reported that the median time between the onset of symptoms and death was twelve days, with seven being hospitalised. However, people transferred to an ICU had a median time of ten days between hospitalisation and death.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_ISSCharacteristics_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_ISSCharacteristics-189">[188]</a></sup> Prolonged <a href="/wiki/Prothrombin" class="mw-redirect" title="Prothrombin">prothrombin</a> time and elevated <a href="/wiki/C-reactive_protein" title="C-reactive protein">C-reactive protein</a> levels on admission to the hospital are associated with severe course of COVID-19 and with a transfer to ICU.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a></sup></div></div>\n<div style="clear:both;"></div>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Mitigation">Mitigation</span></h2>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19" title="Public health mitigation of COVID-19">Public health mitigation of COVID-19</a></div>\n<p>Speed and scale are key to mitigation, due to the <a href="/wiki/Fat-tailed_distribution" title="Fat-tailed distribution">fat-tailed</a> nature of pandemic risk and the exponential growth of COVID-19 infections.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a></sup> For mitigation to be effective, (a) chains of transmission must be broken as quickly as possible through screening and containment, (b) health care must be available to provide for the needs of those infected, and (c) contingencies must be in place to allow for effective rollout of (a) and (b).<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (August 2021)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup>\n</p><p>In July 2021, several experts expressed concern that achieving <a href="/wiki/Herd_immunity" title="Herd immunity">herd immunity</a> may not currently be possible because the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta variant</a> is transmitted among those immunized with current vaccines.<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a></sup> The CDC published data showing that vaccinated people could transmit the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta variant</a>, something officials believed was not possible with other variants. Consequently, the WHO and the CDC encourage vaccinated people to continue with preventive measures, such as social distancing and wearing masks indoors.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span id="Screening.2C_containment_and_mitigation"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Screening,_containment_and_mitigation">Screening, containment and mitigation</span></h3>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a href="/wiki/File:20200410_Flatten_the_curve,_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_(English).gif" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif/330px-20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif" decoding="async" width="330" height="186" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif/495px-20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif/660px-20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:20200410_Flatten_the_curve,_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_(English).gif" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Goals of mitigation include delaying and reducing peak burden on healthcare (<i><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">flattening the curve</a></i>) and lessening overall cases and health impact.<sup id="cite_ref-Lancet2020Flatten_196-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancet2020Flatten-196">[195]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RnW59_197-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RnW59-197">[196]</a></sup> Moreover, progressively greater increases in healthcare capacity (<i><a href="/wiki/Raising_the_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising the line">raising the line</a></i>) such as by increasing bed count, personnel, and equipment, help to meet increased demand.<sup id="cite_ref-Vox_20200407_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vox_20200407-198">[197]</a></sup></div></div></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg/220px-04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg/330px-04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg/440px-04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The CDC and WHO advise that masks (such as worn here by Taiwanese president <a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai Ing-wen</a>) reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.</div></div></div>\n<p>Strategies in the control of an outbreak are screening, containment (or suppression), and mitigation. Screening is done with a device such as a <a href="/wiki/Thermometer" title="Thermometer">thermometer</a> to detect the elevated body temperature associated with fevers caused by the infection.<sup id="cite_ref-f4SpW_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f4SpW-199">[198]</a></sup> Containment is undertaken in the early stages of the outbreak and aims to trace and isolate those infected as well as introduce other measures to stop the disease from spreading. When it is no longer possible to contain the disease, efforts then move to the mitigation stage: measures are taken to slow the spread and mitigate its effects on the healthcare system and society. A combination of both containment and mitigation measures may be undertaken at the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-NY0JD_200-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY0JD-200">[199]</a></sup> Suppression requires more extreme measures so as to reverse the pandemic by reducing the basic reproduction number to less than 1.<sup id="cite_ref-ImpCollege16mar2020_201-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ImpCollege16mar2020-201">[200]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Part of managing an infectious disease outbreak is trying to delay and decrease the epidemic peak, known as flattening the epidemic curve.<sup id="cite_ref-Lancet2020Flatten_196-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancet2020Flatten-196">[195]</a></sup> This decreases the risk of health services being overwhelmed and provides more time for vaccines and treatments to be developed.<sup id="cite_ref-Lancet2020Flatten_196-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancet2020Flatten-196">[195]</a></sup> Non-pharmaceutical interventions that may manage the outbreak include personal preventive measures such as hand hygiene, wearing face masks, and self-quarantine; community measures aimed at physical distancing such as closing schools and cancelling mass gathering events; community engagement to encourage acceptance and participation in such interventions; as well as environmental measures such surface cleaning.<sup id="cite_ref-community_mitigation_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-community_mitigation-202">[201]</a></sup> Some measures, particularly those that focus on cleaning surfaces rather than preventing airborne transmission, have been criticised as <a href="/wiki/Hygiene_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Hygiene theatre">hygiene theatre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hygiene_theatre_203-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hygiene_theatre-203">[202]</a></sup>\n</p><p>More drastic actions aimed at containing the outbreak were taken in China once the severity of the outbreak became apparent, such as quarantining entire cities and imposing strict travel bans.<sup id="cite_ref-RwmYm_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RwmYm-204">[203]</a></sup> Other countries also adopted a variety of measures aimed at limiting the spread of the virus. South Korea introduced mass screening and localised quarantines and issued alerts on the movements of infected individuals. Singapore provided financial support for those infected who quarantined themselves and imposed large fines for those who failed to do so. Taiwan increased face mask production and penalised the hoarding of medical supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-shZdf_205-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shZdf-205">[204]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Simulations for Great Britain and the United States show that mitigation (slowing but not stopping epidemic spread) and suppression (reversing epidemic growth) have major challenges. Optimal mitigation policies might reduce peak healthcare demand by two-thirds and deaths by half, but still result in hundreds of thousands of deaths and overwhelmed health systems. Suppression can be preferred but needs to be maintained for as long as the virus is circulating in the human population (or until a vaccine becomes available), as transmission otherwise quickly rebounds when measures are relaxed. Long-term intervention to suppress the pandemic has considerable social and economic costs.<sup id="cite_ref-ImpCollege16mar2020_201-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ImpCollege16mar2020-201">[200]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Contact_tracing">Contact tracing</span></h4>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation" title="Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19#Information_technology" title="Public health mitigation of COVID-19">Public health mitigation of COVID-19 \xc2\xa7 Information technology</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><div id="mwe_player_0" class="PopUpMediaTransform" style="width:220px;" videopayload="<div class="mediaContainer" style="width:854px"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/854px--COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" style="width:854px;height:480px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="53.021" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.480p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="SD WebM (480P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 480P" data-transcodekey="480p.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="1078672" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.720p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="HD WebM (720P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 720P" data-transcodekey="720p.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-bandwidth="2093336" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="HD VP9 (720P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 720P" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-bandwidth="2609288" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Original WebM file, 1,280 \xc3\x97 720 (4.23 Mbps)" data-shorttitle="WebM source" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-bandwidth="4228964" data-framerate="25"/></video></div>"><img alt="File:COVID-19 Airport Contact Tracing.webm" style="width:220px;height:124px" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/220px--COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.jpg" /><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm" title="Play media" target="new"><span class="play-btn-large"><span class="mw-tmh-playtext">Play media</span></span></a></div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Mandatory traveller information collection for use in COVID-19 <a href="/wiki/Contact_tracing" title="Contact tracing">contact tracing</a> at New York City\'s <a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" title="LaGuardia Airport">LaGuardia Airport</a> in August 2020</div></div></div>\n<p><a href="/wiki/Contact_tracing" title="Contact tracing">Contact tracing</a> is an important method for health authorities to determine the source of infection and to prevent further transmission.<sup id="cite_ref-web_206-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-web-206">[205]</a></sup> The use of location data from mobile phones by governments for this purpose has prompted privacy concerns, with <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> and more than a hundred other organisations issuing a statement calling for limits on this kind of surveillance.<sup id="cite_ref-IngramWard20200407_207-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IngramWard20200407-207">[206]</a></sup>\n</p><p><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_apps" title="COVID-19 apps">Several mobile apps</a> have been implemented or proposed for voluntary use, and as of 7<span class="nowrap"> </span>April 2020, more than a dozen expert groups were working on privacy-friendly solutions such as using <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a> to log a user\'s proximity to other cellphones.<sup id="cite_ref-IngramWard20200407_207-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IngramWard20200407-207">[206]</a></sup> (Users are alerted if they have been near someone who subsequently tests positive.)<sup id="cite_ref-IngramWard20200407_207-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IngramWard20200407-207">[206]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 10 April 2020, Google and <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> jointly announced an initiative for privacy-preserving contact tracing based on Bluetooth technology and <a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">cryptography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-0DF25_208-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0DF25-208">[207]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200410apple_209-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200410apple-209">[208]</a></sup> The system is intended to allow governments to create official privacy-preserving COVID-19 tracking apps, with the eventual goal of integration of this functionality directly into the <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> mobile platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-HQTFY_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HQTFY-210">[209]</a></sup> In Europe and in the US, <a href="/wiki/Palantir_Technologies" title="Palantir Technologies">Palantir Technologies</a> is also providing COVID-19 tracking services.<sup id="cite_ref-0k3hR_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0k3hR-211">[210]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Health_care">Health care</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">Flattening the curve</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_hospital_beds" title="List of countries by hospital beds">list of countries by hospital beds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg/220px-%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg/330px-%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg/440px-%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3373" data-file-height="2347" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An army-constructed <a href="/wiki/Field_hospital" title="Field hospital">field hospital</a> outside <a href="/wiki/%C3%96stra_sjukhuset" class="mw-redirect" title="\xc3\x96stra sjukhuset">\xc3\x96stra sjukhuset</a> (<i>Eastern hospital</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a>, Sweden, contains temporary <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">intensive care units</a> for COVID-19 patients.</div></div></div>\n<p>Increasing capacity and adapting healthcare for the needs of COVID-19 patients is described by the WHO as a fundamental outbreak response measure.<sup id="cite_ref-WHOEuropeResponse_212-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOEuropeResponse-212">[211]</a></sup> The ECDC and the European regional office of the WHO have issued guidelines for hospitals and <a href="/wiki/Primary_health_care" title="Primary health care">primary healthcare services</a> for shifting of resources at multiple levels, including focusing laboratory services towards COVID-19 testing, cancelling elective procedures whenever possible, separating and isolating COVID-19 positive patients, and increasing <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">intensive care</a> capabilities by training personnel and increasing the number of available <a href="/wiki/Ventilator" title="Ventilator">ventilators</a> and beds.<sup id="cite_ref-WHOEuropeResponse_212-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOEuropeResponse-212">[211]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ECDCresponse_213-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECDCresponse-213">[212]</a></sup> In addition, in an attempt to maintain physical distancing, and to protect both patients and clinicians, in some areas non-emergency healthcare services are being provided virtually.<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Due to capacity limitations in the standard <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain" title="Supply chain">supply chains</a>, some manufacturers are <a href="/wiki/3D_printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a> healthcare material such as nasal swabs and ventilator parts.<sup id="cite_ref-technologyreview615420_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-technologyreview615420-215">[214]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aCPem_216-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aCPem-216">[215]</a></sup> In one example, when an Italian hospital urgently required a ventilator valve, and the supplier was unable to deliver in the timescale required, a local startup received legal threats due to alleged patent infringement after reverse-engineering and printing the required hundred valves overnight.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a></sup> On 23 April 2020, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> reported building, in 37 days, a ventilator which is undergoing further testing. NASA is seeking fast-track approval.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20200423_218-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20200423-218">[217]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SPC-20200424_219-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPC-20200424-219">[218]</a></sup> Individuals and groups of <a href="/wiki/Maker_culture" title="Maker culture">makers</a> around the world also assisted in the efforts by creating and sharing <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a> designs, and manufacturing devices using locally sourced materials, sewing, and 3D printing. Millions of <a href="/wiki/Face_shield" title="Face shield">face shields</a>, protective gowns, and masks were made. Other medical supplies were made such as shoes covers, surgical caps, <a href="/wiki/Powered_air-purifying_respirator" title="Powered air-purifying respirator">powered air-purifying respirators</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hand_sanitizer" title="Hand sanitizer">hand sanitizer</a>. Novel devices were created such as <a href="/wiki/Ear_saver" title="Ear saver">ear savers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Non-invasive_ventilation" title="Non-invasive ventilation">non-invasive ventilation</a> helmets, and ventilator splitters.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Pandemic_prevention" title="Pandemic prevention">Pandemic prevention</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic">Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2019">2019</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png" class="image"><img alt="An aerial view of the market, looking like a construction site." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png/220px-Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png/330px-Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png/440px-Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png 2x" data-file-width="1829" data-file-height="1080" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/wiki/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market" title="Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market">Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market</a> in March 2020, after it was closed down</div></div></div>\n<div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:100%"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:nowrap">\n<div id="confirmed-covid-map-per-capita" style="">\n<div class="mw-graph mw-graph-always mw-graph-nofallback" style="min-width:500px;min-height:260px" data-graph-id="b8658f9e840c8cf96bf231934b36c627650da281"></div>\n</div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div style="float:right"><a href="/wiki/Template:Interactive_COVID-19_maps" title="Template:Interactive COVID-19 maps"><img alt="Desc-i.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/16px-Desc-i.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/24px-Desc-i.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/32px-Desc-i.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="648" /></a></div>Interactive timeline map of confirmed cases per million people<br />(drag circle to adjust; may not work on mobile devices)</div></div></div>\n<p>Based on the retrospective analysis, starting from December 2019, the number of COVID-19 cases in Hubei gradually increased, reaching 60 by 20 December and at least 266 by 31 December.<sup id="cite_ref-original_report_221-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-original_report-221">[220]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 24 December 2019, <a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Central_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuhan Central Hospital">Wuhan Central Hospital</a> sent a <a href="/wiki/Bronchoalveolar_lavage_fluid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid">bronchoalveolar lavage fluid</a> (BAL) sample from an unresolved clinical case to sequencing company Vision Medicals.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="citation needed for company used (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On 27 and 28 December, Vision Medicals informed the Wuhan Central Hospital and the Chinese CDC of the results of the test, showing a <a href="/wiki/Novel_coronavirus" title="Novel coronavirus">new coronavirus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-caixintrace_222-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caixintrace-222">[221]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a></sup> A pneumonia cluster of unknown cause was observed on 26 December and treated by the doctor <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jixian" title="Zhang Jixian">Zhang Jixian</a> in Hubei Provincial Hospital, who informed the Wuhan Jianghan CDC on 27 December.<sup id="cite_ref-D54YB_224-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D54YB-224">[223]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 30 December 2019, a test report addressed to Wuhan Central Hospital, from company CapitalBio Medlab, stated that there was an erroneous positive result for <a href="/wiki/SARS" class="mw-redirect" title="SARS">SARS</a>, causing a group of doctors at Wuhan Central Hospital to alert their colleagues and relevant hospital authorities of the result. Eight of those doctors, including <a href="/wiki/Li_Wenliang" title="Li Wenliang">Li Wenliang</a> (who was also punished on 3<span class="nowrap"> </span>January),<sup id="cite_ref-siStf_225-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siStf-225">[224]</a></sup> were later admonished by the police for spreading false rumours; and another doctor, <a href="/wiki/Ai_Fen" title="Ai Fen">Ai Fen</a>, was reprimanded by her superiors for raising the alarm.<sup id="cite_ref-20200311theguardian_226-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200311theguardian-226">[225]</a></sup> That evening, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission issued a notice to various medical institutions about "the treatment of pneumonia of unknown cause".<sup id="cite_ref-promedmail6864153_227-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-promedmail6864153-227">[226]</a></sup> The next day, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission made the first public announcement of a pneumonia outbreak of unknown cause, confirming 27 cases<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-69_228-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-69-228">[227]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PYMIR_229-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PYMIR-229">[228]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-68_230-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-68-230">[229]</a></sup>\xe2\x80\x94enough to trigger an investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc50984025_231-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc50984025-231">[230]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The following day, on 31 December, the WHO office in China was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_report_232-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_report-232">[231]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-69_228-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-69-228">[227]</a></sup> An investigation was launched at the start of January 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc50984025_231-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc50984025-231">[230]</a></sup>\n</p><p>According to official Chinese sources, the early cases were mostly linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, which also sold live animals.<sup id="cite_ref-characteristicsZH_233-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-characteristicsZH-233">[232]</a></sup> However, in May 2020, <a href="/wiki/George_F._Gao" title="George F. Gao">George Gao</a>, the director of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Center_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention">Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention</a>, said animal samples collected from the seafood market had tested negative for the virus, indicating the market was not the source of the initial outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-ALmAQ_234-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ALmAQ-234">[233]</a></sup> In March 2021, the WHO published their report on the potential zoonotic source of the virus. The WHO concluded that human spillover via an intermediate animal host was the most likely explanation, with direct spillover from bats next most likely and introduction through the food supply chain as another possible explanation.<sup id="cite_ref-who-origins-20210330_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who-origins-20210330-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-26">[26]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2020">2020</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Timelines of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 by month: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">January</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">February</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">March</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">April</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">May</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">June</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">July</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">August</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">September</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">October</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">November</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">December</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg/170px-2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg/255px-2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg/340px-2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Chinese medics in the city of <a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a>, Hubei on 20 March 2020</div></div></div>\n<p>From 31 December 2019 to 3 January 2020, a total of 44 cases of "pneumonia of unknown causes" were reported to WHO by the Chinese authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 11 January, WHO received further information from the Chinese National Health Commission that the outbreak is associated with exposures in one seafood market in Wuhan, and that the Chinese authorities had identified a new type of coronavirus, which was isolated on 7 January.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_report_232-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_report-232">[231]</a></sup>\n</p><p>During the early stages of the outbreak, the number of cases doubled approximately every seven and a half days.<sup id="cite_ref-Qun29Jan2020_236-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qun29Jan2020-236">[235]</a></sup> In early and mid-January, the virus spread to other <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Chinese provinces</a>, helped by the <a href="/wiki/Chunyun" title="Chunyun">Chinese New Year migration</a> and Wuhan being a transport hub and major rail interchange.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_report_28_February_2020_237-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_report_28_February_2020-237">[236]</a></sup> On 10 January, the SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequence data was shared through <a href="/wiki/GISAID" title="GISAID">GISAID</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a></sup> On 20 January, China reported nearly 140 new cases in one day, including two people in Beijing and one in <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-france2420200120_239-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-france2420200120-239">[238]</a></sup> A retrospective official study published in March found that 6,174 people had already developed symptoms by 20 January (most of them would be diagnosed later)<sup id="cite_ref-Epidemiology17Feb2020_240-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epidemiology17Feb2020-240">[239]</a></sup> and more may have been infected.<sup id="cite_ref-flattery_241-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flattery-241">[240]</a></sup> A report in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a></i> on 24 January indicated human transmission, strongly recommended <a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">personal protective equipment</a> for health workers, and said testing for the virus was essential due to its "pandemic potential".<sup id="cite_ref-Huang24Jan2020_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huang24Jan2020-42">[42]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Horton_18_March_242-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horton_18_March-242">[241]</a></sup> On 31 January, <i>The Lancet</i> would publish the first modelling study explicitly warning of inevitable "independent self-sustaining outbreaks in major cities globally" and calling for "large-scale public health interventions."<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32014114_243-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32014114-243">[242]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 30 January, with 7,818 confirmed cases across 19 countries, the WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Emergency_of_International_Concern" title="Public Health Emergency of International Concern">Public Health Emergency of International Concern</a> (PHEIC),<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_PHEICSR_244-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_PHEICSR-244">[243]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHO_PHEIC_decl2_245-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_PHEIC_decl2-245">[244]</a></sup> and then a <a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">pandemic</a> on 11 March 2020<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_pandemicSR_246-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_pandemicSR-246">[245]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHOpandemic_247-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOpandemic-247">[246]</a></sup> as Italy, Iran, South Korea, and Japan reported increasing numbers of cases.\n</p><p>On 31 January, Italy had its first confirmed cases, two tourists from China.<sup id="cite_ref-Corriere_20Jan_248-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corriere_20Jan-248">[247]</a></sup> On 19 March, Italy overtook China as the country with the most reported deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-sky11960412_249-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sky11960412-249">[248]</a></sup> By 26 March, the United States had overtaken China and Italy with the highest number of confirmed cases in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20200326_250-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20200326-250">[249]</a></sup> Research on SARS-CoV-2 genomes indicates the majority of COVID-19 cases in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)">New York</a> came from European travellers, rather than directly from China or any other Asian country.<sup id="cite_ref-20200408nytimes_251-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200408nytimes-251">[250]</a></sup> Retesting of prior samples found a person in France who had the virus on 27 December 2019<sup id="cite_ref-France-retest_252-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-France-retest-252">[251]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Deslandes_2020_253-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deslandes_2020-253">[252]</a></sup> and a person in the United States who died from the disease on 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>February 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-PBS-2wks_254-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PBS-2wks-254">[253]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi,_Ukraine.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg/220px-COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg/330px-COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg/440px-COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2338" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi,_Ukraine.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A patient in Ukraine in May 2020 wears a <a href="/wiki/Diving_mask" title="Diving mask">scuba mask</a> in the absence of <a href="/wiki/Artificial_ventilation" title="Artificial ventilation">artificial ventilation</a>.</div></div></div>\n<p>On 11 June, after 55 days without a locally transmitted case being officially reported,<sup id="cite_ref-scmp-markets_255-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scmp-markets-255">[254]</a></sup> the city of Beijing reported a single COVID-19 case, followed by two more cases on 12 June.<sup id="cite_ref-Vlsb1_256-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vlsb1-256">[255]</a></sup> As of 15 June 2020, 79 cases were officially confirmed.<sup id="cite_ref-wAsR1_257-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wAsR1-257">[256]</a></sup> Most of these patients went to <a href="/wiki/Xinfadi_Market" title="Xinfadi Market">Xinfadi Wholesale Market</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-scmp-markets_255-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scmp-markets-255">[254]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oOS1t_258-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oOS1t-258">[257]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 29 June, WHO warned that the spread of the virus was still accelerating as countries reopened their economies, despite many countries having made progress in slowing down the spread.<sup id="cite_ref-HfGjG_259-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HfGjG-259">[258]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 15 July, one COVID-19 case was officially reported in <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a> in more than three months. The patient did not travel outside the city in the 14 days before developing symptoms, nor did he have contact with people from "areas of attention."<sup id="cite_ref-undercurrent_260-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-undercurrent-260">[259]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In October, the WHO stated, at a special meeting of WHO leaders, that one in ten people around the world may have been infected with COVID-19. At the time, that translated to 780 million people being infected, while only 35 million infections had been confirmed.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_oneinten_261-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_oneinten-261">[260]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In early November, Denmark reported on <a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">an outbreak of a unique mutated variant</a> being transmitted to humans from <a href="/wiki/Minks" class="mw-redirect" title="Minks">minks</a> in its <a href="/wiki/North_Jutland_Region" title="North Jutland Region">North Jutland Region</a>. All twelve human cases of the mutated variant were identified in September 2020. The WHO released a report saying the variant "had a combination of mutations or changes that have not been previously observed."<sup id="cite_ref-5qH0Q_262-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5qH0Q-262">[261]</a></sup> In response, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Mette Frederiksen</a> ordered for the country \xe2\x80\x93 the world\'s largest producer of mink fur \xe2\x80\x93 to cull its mink population by as many as 17 million.<sup id="cite_ref-y6eQ0_263-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-y6eQ0-263">[262]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 9 November, <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a> released their trial results for a candidate vaccine, showing that it is 90% effective against the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-FEv4C_264-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FEv4C-264">[263]</a></sup> Later that day, <a href="/wiki/Novavax" title="Novavax">Novavax</a> entered an <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">FDA</a> Fast Track application for their vaccine.<sup id="cite_ref-NPZ5P_265-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPZ5P-265">[264]</a></sup> Virologist and US <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases" title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</a> director <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a> indicated that the Pfizer vaccine targets the spike protein used to infect cells by the virus. Some issues left to be answered are how long the vaccine offers protection, and if it offers the same level of protection to all ages. Initial doses will likely go to healthcare workers on the front lines.<sup id="cite_ref-qAMCq_266-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qAMCq-266">[265]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 9 November 2020, the United States surpassed 10 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, making it the country with the most cases worldwide by a large margin.<sup id="cite_ref-JCmUy_267-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JCmUy-267">[266]</a></sup>\n</p><p>It was reported on 27 November, that a publication released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicated that the number of viral infections are via confirmed laboratory test only. However, the true number could be about eight times the reported number; the report further indicated that the true number of virus infected cases <i>could be</i> around 100 million in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-269" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 14 December, <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_England" title="Public Health England">Public Health England</a> reported a new variant had been discovered in the South East of England, predominantly in <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>. The variant, named <a href="/wiki/Variant_of_Concern_202012/01" class="mw-redirect" title="Variant of Concern 202012/01">Variant of Concern 202012/01</a>, showed changes to the <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_spike_protein" title="Coronavirus spike protein">spike protein</a> which could make the virus more infectious. As of 13 December, there were 1,108 cases identified.<sup id="cite_ref-270" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a></sup> Many countries halted all flights from the UK;<sup id="cite_ref-271" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a></sup> France-bound <a href="/wiki/Eurotunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurotunnel">Eurotunnel</a> service was suspended and ferries carrying passengers and accompanied freight were cancelled as the French border closed to people on 20 December.<sup id="cite_ref-France_shuts_border_272-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-France_shuts_border-272">[271]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2021">2021</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Timelines of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021 by month: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">January</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">February</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">March</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">April</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">May</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">June</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">July</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">August</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">September</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">October</a></div>\n<p>On 2 January, VOC-202012/01, a variant of SARS-CoV-2 first discovered in the UK, had been identified in 33 countries around the world, including Pakistan, South Korea, Switzerland, Taiwan, Norway, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, India, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Iceland, and China.<sup id="cite_ref-273" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-273">[272]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 6 January, the <a href="/wiki/Lineage_P.1" class="mw-redirect" title="Lineage P.1">P.1 variant</a> was first identified in Japanese travellers who had just returned from Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 12 January, it was reported that a team of scientists from the World Health Organization would arrive in Wuhan on the 14th of the month; this is to ascertain the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and determine what were the intermediate hosts between the original reservoir and humans.<sup id="cite_ref-275" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-275">[274]</a></sup> On the following day, two of the WHO members were barred from entering China because, according to the country, antibodies for the virus were detected in both.<sup id="cite_ref-276" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 29 January, it was reported that the Novavax vaccine was only 49% effective against the 501.V2 variant in a clinical trial in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-277" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-278" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a></sup> The China COVID-19 vaccine CoronaVac indicated 50.4% effectivity in a Brazil clinical trial.<sup id="cite_ref-279" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 12 March, it was reported that several countries, including Thailand, Denmark, Bulgaria, Norway and Iceland, had stopped using the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine due to what was being called severe blood clotting problems, a <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_venous_sinus_thrombosis" title="Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis">cerebral venous sinus thrombosis</a> (CVST). Additionally, Austria halted the use of one batch of the aforementioned vaccine as well.<sup id="cite_ref-280" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a></sup> On 20 March, the WHO and European Medicines Agency found no link between <a href="/wiki/Thrombus" title="Thrombus">thrombus</a> (a blood clot of clinical importance), leading several European countries to resume administering the AstraZeneca vaccine.<sup id="cite_ref-281" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-281">[280]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 29 March, it was reported that the US government was planning to introduce <a href="/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation#Digital_vaccination_passport" title="Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">COVID-19 vaccination \'passports\'</a> to allow those who have been vaccinated the ability to board aeroplanes, cruise ships as well as other activities.<sup id="cite_ref-282" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In April and May, a severe wave of infections hit India, where the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta variant</a> was first identified. In mid-April, the variant was first detected in the UK and two months later it has catalysed a third wave in the country, forcing the government to delay the full reopening from lockdown which was originally scheduled on 21 June.<sup id="cite_ref-283" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 11 August, the developers of <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">Sputnik V</a> offered the first component of that two-dose vaccine, \'<a href="/wiki/Sputnik_Light" title="Sputnik Light">Sputnik Light</a>\' (Ad26), to <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a> for trial as a booster against the Delta variant.<sup id="cite_ref-284" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-285" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-285">[284]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 31 August, The National Institute for Communicable Diseases (South Africa) indicated a potential variant of interest known as C.1.2; it has been identified in the entire country and abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-286" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 3 September Dr. Anthony Fauci, medical adviser to President Biden and Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, indicated that 3 doses of vaccine for COVID-19 will become the new norm.<sup id="cite_ref-287" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a></sup>\n</p><p>As of 23 October 2021, more than 243<span class="nowrap"> </span>million cases have been reported worldwide due to COVID-19; more than 4.94<span class="nowrap"> </span>million have died.<sup id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="National_responses">National responses</span></h2>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">COVID-19 lockdowns</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_(49627907646).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_(49627907646).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Then-US President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> signs the <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Preparedness_and_Response_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2020" title="Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020">Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act</a> into law with <a href="/wiki/Alex_Azar" title="Alex Azar">Alex Azar</a> on 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>March 2020.</div></div></div>\n<p>Due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">pandemic in Europe</a>, many countries in the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a> have restricted free movement and set up border controls.<sup id="cite_ref-iR2Oj_288-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iR2Oj-288">[287]</a></sup> National reactions have included containment measures such as <a href="/wiki/Curfews_and_lockdowns_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Curfews and lockdowns related to the COVID-19 pandemic">quarantines and curfews</a> (known as <a href="/wiki/Stay-at-home_orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Stay-at-home orders">stay-at-home orders</a>, shelter-in-place orders, or lockdowns).<sup id="cite_ref-IVdfl_289-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IVdfl-289">[288]</a></sup> The WHO\'s recommendation on curfews and lockdowns is that they should be short-term measures to reorganise, regroup, rebalance resources, and protect health workers who are exhausted. To achieve a balance between restrictions and normal life, the long-term responses to the pandemic should consist of strict personal hygiene, effective contact tracing, and isolating when ill.<sup id="cite_ref-58tIM_290-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58tIM-290">[289]</a></sup>\n</p><p>By 26 March 2020, 1.7 billion people worldwide were under some form of lockdown,<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian500000_291-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian500000-291">[290]</a></sup> which increased to 3.9 billion people by the first week of April\xe2\x80\x94more than half the <a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">world\'s population</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20200403euronews_292-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200403euronews-292">[291]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200328businessinsider_293-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200328businessinsider-293">[292]</a></sup>\n</p><p>By late April 2020, around 300 million people were under lockdown in nations of Europe, including but not limited to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">France</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, while around 200 million people were under lockdown in Latin America.<sup id="cite_ref-end_april_294-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-end_april-294">[293]</a></sup> Nearly 300 million people, or about 90 per cent of the population, were under some form of lockdown in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-20200402businessinsider_295-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200402businessinsider-295">[294]</a></sup> around 100 million people in the Philippines,<sup id="cite_ref-end_april_294-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-end_april-294">[293]</a></sup> about 59 million people in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">South Africa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20200327nytimes_296-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200327nytimes-296">[295]</a></sup> and 1.3 billion people have been under <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_India" title="COVID-19 lockdown in India">lockdown in India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20200329theguardian_297-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200329theguardian-297">[296]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aljazeera2003270945_298-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2003270945-298">[297]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Asia">Asia</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">COVID-19 pandemic in Asia</a></div>\n<p>As of 30 April 2020,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tajik1st_299-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tajik1st-299">[298]</a></sup> cases have been reported in all Asian countries except for <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea">North Korea</a>, although these countries likely also have cases.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc52186521_300-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52186521-300">[299]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc52146989_301-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52146989-301">[300]</a></sup> Despite being the first area of the world hit by the outbreak, the early wide-scale response of some Asian states, particularly <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bhutan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bhutan">Bhutan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-302" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-302">[301]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore">Singapore</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-303" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-303">[302]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-304" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-304">[303]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Taiwan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan">Taiwan</a><sup id="cite_ref-Nation_Taiwan_305-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nation_Taiwan-305">[304]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam">Vietnam</a><sup id="cite_ref-7news973119_306-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7news973119-306">[305]</a></sup> has allowed them to fare comparatively well. China is criticised for initially minimising the severity of the outbreak, but the delayed wide-scale response has largely contained the disease since March 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_307-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-307">[306]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-308" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-308">[307]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">Japan</a>, the pandemic has been believed to have caused direct side effects in regards to mental health. According to the report by the country\'s <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_(Japan)" title="National Police Agency (Japan)">National Police Agency</a>, suicides had increased to 2,153 in October 2020. Experts also state that the pandemic has worsened mental health issues due to lockdowns and isolation from family members, among other issues.<sup id="cite_ref-309" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="China">China</span></h4>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg/220px-%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg/330px-%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg/440px-%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A <a href="/wiki/Fangcang_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Fangcang Hospital">temporary hospital</a> constructed in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a> in February 2020</div></div></div>\n<p>As of 14 July 2020, there are 83,545 cases confirmed in China\xe2\x80\x94excluding 114 asymptomatic cases, 62 of which were imported, under medical observation; asymptomatic cases have not been reported prior to 31 March 2020\xe2\x80\x94with 4,634 deaths and 78,509 recoveries,<sup id="cite_ref-llOna_310-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-llOna-310">[309]</a></sup> meaning there are only 402 cases. Hubei has the most cases, followed by <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-xS8Ev_311-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xS8Ev-311">[310]</a></sup> By March 2020, COVID-19 infections were largely put under control in China,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_307-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-307">[306]</a></sup> with minor outbreaks since.<sup id="cite_ref-312" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-312">[311]</a></sup> It was reported on 25 November 2020, that some 1 million people in the country of China had been vaccinated according to China\'s state council; the vaccines against COVID-19 came from <a href="/wiki/BBIBP-CorV" class="mw-redirect" title="BBIBP-CorV">Sinopharm</a>, which makes two, and one produced by <a href="/wiki/CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">Sinovac</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-313" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-313">[312]</a></sup>\n</p><p>However, throughout the pandemic, multiple sources have cast doubt upon the accuracy of China\'s official numbers for deaths and infections of COVID-19 during the initial outbreak, with some suggesting intentional suppression of data.<sup id="cite_ref-314" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-315" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-315">[314]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-316" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-316">[315]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="India">India</span></h4>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 pandemic in India</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg/170px-Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="154" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg/255px-Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg/340px-Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="871" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Indian officials conducting temperature checks at the <a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra" title="Ratha Yatra">Ratha Yatra</a> Hindu festival on 23 June 2020</div></div></div>\n<p>The first case of COVID-19 in India was reported on 30 January 2020. India ordered a nationwide lockdown for the entire population starting 24 March 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-mrGsK_317-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mrGsK-317">[316]</a></sup> with a phased unlock beginning 1 June 2020. Six cities account for around half of all reported cases in the country\xe2\x80\x94<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delhi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gujarat" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat">Ahmedabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra">Pune</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Bengal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal">Kolkata</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sHMHJ_318-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sHMHJ-318">[317]</a></sup> On 10 June 2020, India\'s recoveries exceeded active cases for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-P0IqK_319-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P0IqK-319">[318]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 30 August 2020, India surpassed the US record for the most cases in a single day, with more than 78,000 cases,<sup id="cite_ref-2it1s_320-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2it1s-320">[319]</a></sup> and set a new record on 16 September 2020, with almost 98,000 cases reported that day.<sup id="cite_ref-321" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-321">[320]</a></sup> As of 30 August 2020, India\'s case fatality rate is relatively low at 2.3%, against the global 4.7%.<sup id="cite_ref-SYon7_322-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SYon7-322">[321]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (February 2021)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup>\n</p><p>As of September 2020, India had the largest number of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">confirmed cases in Asia</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-asia_first_323-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asia_first-323">[322]</a></sup> and the second-highest number of confirmed cases in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-E8R37_324-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E8R37-324">[323]</a></sup> behind the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">United States</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5yBLb_325-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5yBLb-325">[324]</a></sup> with the number of total confirmed cases breaching the 100,000 mark on 19 May 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-2ACPr_326-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2ACPr-326">[325]</a></sup> 1,000,000 on 16 July 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-dT4iD_327-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dT4iD-327">[326]</a></sup> and 5,000,000 confirmed cases on 16 September 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-btBce_328-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-btBce-328">[327]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 19 December 2020, India crossed the total number of 10,000,000 confirmed cases but with a slow pace.<sup id="cite_ref-329" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-329">[328]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The Indian Ministry of Science initiated a mathematical simulation of the pandemic, the so-called "Indian Supermodel", which correctly predicted the decrease of active cases starting in September 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-330" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-330">[329]</a></sup>\n</p><p>A second wave hit India in April 2021, placing healthcare services under severe strain.<sup id="cite_ref-331" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-331">[330]</a></sup> By late April, the government was reporting over 300,000 new infections and 2,000 deaths per day, with concerns of undercounting.<sup id="cite_ref-332" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-332">[331]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Iran">Iran</span></h4>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iran" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iran">COVID-19 pandemic in Iran</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg/220px-Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg/330px-Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg/440px-Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="635" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Disinfection of <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Metro" title="Tehran Metro">Tehran Metro</a> trains against COVID-19 transmission. Similar measures have also been taken in other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-2kQpo_333-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2kQpo-333">[332]</a></sup></div></div></div>\n<p>Iran reported its first confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections on 19 February 2020 in <a href="/wiki/Qom" title="Qom">Qom</a>, where, according to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Medical_Education" title="Ministry of Health and Medical Education">Ministry of Health and Medical Education</a>, two people had died that day.<sup id="cite_ref-wHBRB_334-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wHBRB-334">[333]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4yrqM_335-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4yrqM-335">[334]</a></sup> Early measures announced by the government included the cancellation of concerts and other cultural events,<sup id="cite_ref-Xm5nq_336-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xm5nq-336">[335]</a></sup> sporting events,<sup id="cite_ref-aEO6O_337-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aEO6O-337">[336]</a></sup> Friday prayers,<sup id="cite_ref-Urdn6_338-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Urdn6-338">[337]</a></sup> and closures of universities, higher education institutions, and schools.<sup id="cite_ref-2YX6a_339-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2YX6a-339">[338]</a></sup> Iran allocated 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>trillion <a href="/wiki/Iranian_rial" title="Iranian rial">rials</a> (equivalent to <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$120,000,000</span>) to combat the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-grT4c_340-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grT4c-340">[339]</a></sup> President <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani" title="Hassan Rouhani">Hassan Rouhani</a> said on 26 February 2020 there were no plans to quarantine areas affected by the outbreak, and only individuals would be quarantined.<sup id="cite_ref-BEhed_341-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BEhed-341">[340]</a></sup> Plans to limit travel between cities were announced in March 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-BBqei_342-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBqei-342">[341]</a></sup> although heavy traffic between cities ahead of the Persian New Year <a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> continued.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc24032020_343-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc24032020-343">[342]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> shrines in Qom remained open to pilgrims until 16 March.<sup id="cite_ref-HhmZ1_344-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HhmZ1-344">[343]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iran_shrines_345-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iran_shrines-345">[344]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Iran became a centre of the spread of the virus after China in February 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-HHOnl_346-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HHOnl-346">[345]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-newyorker_347-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newyorker-347">[346]</a></sup> More than ten countries had traced their cases back to Iran by 28 February, indicating the outbreak may have been more severe than the 388 cases reported by the Iranian government by that date.<sup id="cite_ref-newyorker_347-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newyorker-347">[346]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-D2Xpc_348-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D2Xpc-348">[347]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Consultative_Assembly" title="Islamic Consultative Assembly">Iranian Parliament</a> was shut down, with 23 of its 290 members reported to have had tested positive for the virus on 3<span class="nowrap"> </span>March 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-fXv2K_349-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fXv2K-349">[348]</a></sup> On 15 March 2020, the Iranian government reported a hundred deaths in a single day, the most recorded in the country since the outbreak began.<sup id="cite_ref-omeCS_350-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-omeCS-350">[349]</a></sup> At least twelve sitting or former Iranian politicians and government officials had died from the disease by 17 March 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-oxtUC_351-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxtUC-351">[350]</a></sup> By 23 March 2020, Iran was experiencing fifty new cases every hour and one new death every ten minutes due to COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-V0Gmj_352-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-V0Gmj-352">[351]</a></sup> According to a WHO official, there may be five times more cases in Iran than what is being reported. It is also suggested that US sanctions on Iran may be affecting the country\'s financial ability to respond to the viral outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-9upke_353-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9upke-353">[352]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 20 April 2020, Iran reopened shopping malls and other shopping areas across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-yahoo080329918_354-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yahoo080329918-354">[353]</a></sup> After reaching a low in new cases in early May, a new peak was reported on 4<span class="nowrap"> </span>June 2020, raising fear of a second wave.<sup id="cite_ref-ibeNh_355-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibeNh-355">[354]</a></sup> On 18 July 2020, President Rouhani estimated that 25 million Iranians had already become infected, which is considerably higher than the official count.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_july2020_356-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters_july2020-356">[355]</a></sup> Leaked data<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (August 2021)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> suggest that 42,000 people had died with COVID-19 symptoms by 20 July 2020, nearly tripling the 14,405 officially reported by that date.<sup id="cite_ref-QtjEU_357-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QtjEU-357">[356]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In August 2021, the pandemic was in its the fifth wave in the country with more than 400 deaths in 1 day according to the official reported statistics.<sup id="cite_ref-358" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-358">[357]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="South_Korea">South Korea</span></h4>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea">COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg/220px-Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg/330px-Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg/440px-Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1597" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A <a href="/wiki/Drive-through" title="Drive-through">drive-through</a> test centre at the <a href="/wiki/Gyeongju" title="Gyeongju">Gyeongju</a> Public Health Centre</div></div></div>\n<p>COVID-19 was confirmed to have spread to South Korea on 20 January 2020 from China. The nation\'s health agency reported a significant increase in confirmed cases on 20 February,<sup id="cite_ref-ThomReut_SKorea_zombie_359-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThomReut_SKorea_zombie-359">[358]</a></sup> largely attributed to a gathering in <a href="/wiki/Daegu" title="Daegu">Daegu</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Shincheonji_Church_of_Jesus_the_Temple_of_the_Tabernacle_of_the_Testimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Shincheonji Church of Jesus the Temple of the Tabernacle of the Testimony">Shincheonji Church of Jesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ThomReut_SKorea_zombie_359-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThomReut_SKorea_zombie-359">[358]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zMJnB_360-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zMJnB-360">[359]</a></sup> Shincheonji devotees visiting Daegu from Wuhan were suspected to be the origin of the outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-b82186_361-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b82186-361">[360]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-koreabiomed_362-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-koreabiomed-362">[361]</a></sup> By 22 February<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, among 9,336 followers of the church, 1,261 or about 13 per cent reported symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-BOQ2O_363-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOQ2O-363">[362]</a></sup> South Korea declared the highest level of alert on 23 February 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-GKvzB_364-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GKvzB-364">[363]</a></sup> On 29 February, more than 3,150 confirmed cases were reported.<sup id="cite_ref-SPmG7_365-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPmG7-365">[364]</a></sup> All South Korean military bases were quarantined after tests showed three soldiers had the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-b82186_361-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b82186-361">[360]</a></sup> Airline schedules were also changed.<sup id="cite_ref-l2hq3_366-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l2hq3-366">[365]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iLVLj_367-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iLVLj-367">[366]</a></sup>\n</p><p>South Korea introduced what was considered the largest and best-organised programme in the world to screen the population for the virus, isolate any infected people, and trace and quarantine those who contacted them.<sup id="cite_ref-science20200317_368-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science20200317-368">[367]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mNKf7_369-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mNKf7-369">[368]</a></sup> Screening methods included mandatory self-reporting of symptoms by new international arrivals through mobile application,<sup id="cite_ref-nbcnews1167376_370-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbcnews1167376-370">[369]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Drive-through" title="Drive-through">drive-through</a> testing for the virus with the results available the next day,<sup id="cite_ref-CvyZS_371-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CvyZS-371">[370]</a></sup> and increasing testing capability to allow up to 20,000 people to be tested every day.<sup id="cite_ref-fdhQW_372-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fdhQW-372">[371]</a></sup> Despite some early criticisms of President <a href="/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon Jae-in</a>\'s response to the crisis,<sup id="cite_ref-imx38_373-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imx38-373">[372]</a></sup> South Korea\'s programme is considered a success in controlling the outbreak without quarantining entire cities.<sup id="cite_ref-science20200317_368-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science20200317-368">[367]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wypis_374-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wypis-374">[373]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-joins23778577_375-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joins23778577-375">[374]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 23 March 2020, it was reported that South Korea had the lowest one-day case total in four weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-fdhQW_372-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fdhQW-372">[371]</a></sup> On 29 March, it was reported that beginning 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>April all new overseas arrivals will be quarantined for two weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-yahoo013830705_376-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yahoo013830705-376">[375]</a></sup> Per media reports on 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>April, South Korea has received requests for virus testing assistance from 121 different countries.<sup id="cite_ref-U0Hrf_377-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U0Hrf-377">[376]</a></sup> Persistent local groups of infections in the greater Seoul area continued to be found, which led to Korea\'s CDC director saying in June that the country had entered the second wave of infections,<sup id="cite_ref-gKU7Q_378-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gKU7Q-378">[377]</a></sup> although a WHO official disagreed with that assessment.<sup id="cite_ref-tfxTS_379-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tfxTS-379">[378]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Europe">Europe</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">COVID-19 pandemic in Europe</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg/300px-Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="304" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg/450px-Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg/600px-Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1457" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Deaths per 100,000 residents</div></div></div>\n<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">\n<p>The first case in Europe was confirmed in Bordeaux, France, on 24 January 2020.\n</p><p>By 13 March 2020, when the number of reported new cases of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> became greater than those in China, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) began to consider Europe the active centre of the COVID-19 pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-380" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-380">[379]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-381" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-381">[380]</a></sup> By 22 May 2020, the WHO said that <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South America</a> was now experiencing a worse outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-382" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-382">[381]</a></sup>\n</p><p>By 17 March 2020, all countries within Europe had a confirmed case of COVID-19, with Montenegro being the last European country to report at least one case.<sup id="cite_ref-383" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-383">[382]</a></sup> At least one death has been reported in all European countries, apart from the Vatican City.\n</p><p>By 18 March 2020, more than 250 million people were in <a href="/wiki/Stay-at-home_order" title="Stay-at-home order">lockdown</a> in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-384" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-384">[383]</a></sup>\n</p>\nOn 24 May 2020, 68 days since its first recorded case, Montenegro became the first COVID-free country in Europe,<sup id="cite_ref-385" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-385">[384]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-386" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-386">[385]</a></sup> but this only lasted for 44 days before a newly imported case was identified there.<sup id="cite_ref-387" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-387">[386]</a></sup> The European countries with the highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases are the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">Spain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe_jhumap_388-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe_jhumap-388">[387]</a></sup></div></div>\n<p>On 21 August, it was reported the COVID-19 cases were climbing among younger individuals across Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-HFR3b_389-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HFR3b-389">[388]</a></sup> On 21 November, it was reported by the Voice of America that Europe is the worst hit area by COVID-19, with numbers exceeding 15 million cases.<sup id="cite_ref-390" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-390">[389]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="France">France</span></h4>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" 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data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="348000" data-framerate="29.97"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="VP9 (360P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="587400" data-framerate="29.97"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="WebM (360P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="587896" data-framerate="29.97"/></video></div>"><img alt="File:Paris Covid19 Avril 2020.webm" style="width:220px;height:124px" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/220px--Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.jpg" /><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm" title="Play media" target="new"><span class="play-btn-large"><span class="mw-tmh-playtext">Play media</span></span></a></div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Empty streets in Paris, 2020</div></div></div>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">COVID-19 pandemic in France</a></div>\n<p>Although it was originally thought the pandemic reached France on 24 January 2020, when the first COVID-19 case in Europe was confirmed in <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, it was later discovered that a person near Paris had tested positive for the virus on 27 December 2019 after retesting old samples.<sup id="cite_ref-France-retest_252-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-France-retest-252">[251]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Deslandes_2020_253-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deslandes_2020-253">[252]</a></sup> A key event in the spread of the disease in the country was the annual assembly of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Open_Door_Church" title="Christian Open Door Church">Christian Open Door Church</a> between 17 and 24 February in <a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a>, which was attended by about 2,500 people, at least half of whom are believed to have contracted the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-lepoint2369173_391-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lepoint2369173-391">[390]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-francetvinfo3889133_392-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-francetvinfo3889133-392">[391]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 13 March, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="\xc3\x89douard Philippe">\xc3\x89douard Philippe</a> ordered the closure of all non-essential public places,<sup id="cite_ref-bbc51892477_393-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc51892477-393">[392]</a></sup> and on 16 March, French President <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> announced mandatory home confinement, a policy which was extended at least until 11 May.<sup id="cite_ref-394" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-394">[393]</a></sup> As of 14 September<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, France has reported more than 402,000 confirmed cases, 30,000 deaths, and 90,000 recoveries,<sup id="cite_ref-dashboard_Covid19_France_395-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dashboard_Covid19_France-395">[394]</a></sup> ranking fourth in number of confirmed cases.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoQ7-3_396-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoQ7-3-396">[395]</a></sup> In April, there were riots in some <a href="/wiki/Banlieue" title="Banlieue">Paris suburbs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-washingtonpost9881111_397-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost9881111-397">[396]</a></sup> On 18 May, it was reported that schools in France had to close again after reopening, due to COVID-19 case flare-ups.<sup id="cite_ref-iqGod_398-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iqGod-398">[397]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 12 November, it was reported that France had become the worst-hit country by the COVID-19 pandemic, in all of Europe, in the process surpassing Russia. The new total of confirmed cases was more than 1.8 million and counting; additionally it was indicated by the French government that the national lockdown would remain in place.<sup id="cite_ref-W4fOQ_399-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W4fOQ-399">[398]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Italy">Italy</span></h4>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">COVID-19 pandemic in Italy</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Emergenza_coronavirus_(49496308758).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg/220px-Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg/330px-Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg/440px-Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1361" data-file-height="1020" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Emergenza_coronavirus_(49496308758).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Protezione_Civile" title="Protezione Civile">Civil Protection</a> volunteers conduct health checks at the <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Guglielmo Marconi Airport">Guglielmo Marconi Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> on 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>February 2020.</div></div></div><p>The outbreak was confirmed to have spread to Italy on 31 January 2020, when two Chinese tourists tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-Corriere_20Jan_248-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corriere_20Jan-248">[247]</a></sup> Cases began to rise sharply, which prompted the Italian government to suspend all flights to and from China and declare a state of emergency.<sup id="cite_ref-thelocal-flight_400-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thelocal-flight-400">[399]</a></sup> An unassociated cluster of COVID-19 cases was later detected, starting with 16 confirmed cases in <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> on 21 February 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-ThomReut_IT_16cluster_21Feb_401-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThomReut_IT_16cluster_21Feb-401">[400]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 22 February 2020, the Council of Ministers announced a new decree-law to contain the outbreak, including quarantining more than 50,000 people from eleven different municipalities in northern Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-201_402-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-201-402">[401]</a></sup> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Giuseppe Conte</a> said, "In the outbreak areas, entry and exit will not be provided. Suspension of work activities and sports events has already been ordered in those areas."<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-202_403-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-202-403">[402]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-203_404-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-203-404">[403]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 4 March 2020, the Italian government ordered the full closure of all schools and universities nationwide as Italy reached a hundred deaths. All major sporting events were to be held behind closed doors until April,<sup id="cite_ref-gZcpG_405-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gZcpG-405">[404]</a></sup> but on 9<span class="nowrap"> </span>March, all sport was suspended completely for at least one month.<sup id="cite_ref-Kv4Ld_406-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kv4Ld-406">[405]</a></sup> On 11 March 2020, Prime Minister Conte ordered stoppage of nearly all commercial activity except supermarkets and pharmacies.<sup id="cite_ref-SWDJe_407-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SWDJe-407">[406]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1B1Ui_408-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1B1Ui-408">[407]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg/220px-Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg/330px-Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg/440px-Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3976" data-file-height="2652" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An exhausted <a href="/wiki/Anesthesiology" title="Anesthesiology">anesthesiologist physician</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pesaro" title="Pesaro">Pesaro</a>, Italy, March 2020</div></div></div>\n<p>On 6 March 2020, the Italian College of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) published <a href="/wiki/Medical_ethics" title="Medical ethics">medical ethics</a> recommendations regarding <a href="/wiki/Triage" title="Triage">triage</a> protocols.<sup id="cite_ref-ZtNSb_409-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZtNSb-409">[408]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dKNFI_410-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dKNFI-410">[409]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uSIDF_411-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uSIDF-411">[410]</a></sup> On 19 March 2020, Italy overtook China as the country with the most COVID-19-related deaths in the world after reporting 3,405 fatalities from the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-To26Y_412-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-To26Y-412">[411]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ClzT6_413-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClzT6-413">[412]</a></sup> On 22 March 2020, it was reported that Russia had sent nine military planes with medical equipment to Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-20200323euractiv_414-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200323euractiv-414">[413]</a></sup> As of 28 March<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 3,532,057 confirmed cases, 107,933 deaths, and 2,850,889 recoveries in Italy, with a large number of those cases occurring in the Lombardy region.<sup id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup> A CNN report indicated that the combination of Italy\'s large elderly population and inability to test all who have the virus to date may be contributing to the high fatality rate.<sup id="cite_ref-PJt9i_415-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PJt9i-415">[414]</a></sup> On 19 April 2020, it was reported that the country had its lowest deaths at 433 in seven days and some businesses were asking for a loosening of restrictions after six weeks of lockdown.<sup id="cite_ref-thehill493586_416-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thehill493586-416">[415]</a></sup>\nOn 13 October 2020, the Italian government again issued restrictive rules to contain a rise in infections.<sup id="cite_ref-KhaW7_417-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KhaW7-417">[416]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 11 November, it was reported that Silvestro Scotti, president of the Italian Federation of General Practitioners indicated that all of Italy should come under restrictions due to the spread of COVID-19. A couple of days prior Filippo Anelli, president of the National Federation of Doctor\'s Guilds (FNOMCEO) asked for a complete lockdown of the peninsular nation due to the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-Fe7MN_418-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fe7MN-418">[417]</a></sup> On the 10th, a day before, Italy surpassed 1 million confirmed COVID-19 cases.<sup id="cite_ref-8XEwk_419-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8XEwk-419">[418]</a></sup> On 23 November, it was reported that the second wave of the virus has caused some hospitals in Italy to stop accepting patients.<sup id="cite_ref-420" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-420">[419]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Spain">Spain</span></h4>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">COVID-19 pandemic in Spain</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg/220px-2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg/330px-2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg/440px-2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Residents of <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, Spain, maintaining social distancing while queueing (20 March 2020)</div></div></div>\n<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">\n<p>The virus was first confirmed to have spread to <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> on 31 January 2020, when a German tourist tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in <a href="/wiki/La_Gomera" title="La Gomera">La Gomera</a>, Canary Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_SanidadConfirmaEnLaGomera_421-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_SanidadConfirmaEnLaGomera-421">[420]</a></sup> Post-hoc genetic analysis has shown that at least 15 strains of the virus had been imported, and <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)#Definition_and_related_terms" title="Transmission (medicine)">community transmission</a> began by mid-February.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_genetic_analysis_422-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_genetic_analysis-422">[421]</a></sup> By 13 March, cases had been confirmed in all 50 provinces of the country.\n</p><p>A partially unconstitutional lockdown was imposed on 14 March 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-423" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-423">[422]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_:9_424-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_:9-424">[423]</a></sup> On 29 March, it was announced that, beginning the following day, all non-essential workers were ordered to remain at home for the next 14 days.<sup id="cite_ref-425" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-425">[424]</a></sup> By late March, the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a> has recorded the most cases and deaths in the country. Medical professionals and those who live in retirement homes have experienced especially high infection rates.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_IrishTimes_426-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_IrishTimes-426">[425]</a></sup> On 25 March, the official death toll in Spain surpassed <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">that of mainland China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-427" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-427">[426]</a></sup> On 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>April, 950 people died of the virus in a 24-hour period\xe2\x80\x94at the time, the most by any country in a single day.<sup id="cite_ref-428" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-428">[427]</a></sup> On 17 May, the daily death toll announced by the Spanish government fell below 100 for the first time,<sup id="cite_ref-429" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-429">[428]</a></sup> and 1 June was the first day without deaths by COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-430" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-430">[429]</a></sup> The state of alarm ended on 21 June.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_2020-06-22-elpais_431-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_2020-06-22-elpais-431">[430]</a></sup> However, the number of cases increased again in July in a number of cities including <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, which led to reimposition of some restrictions but no national lockdown.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_bbc25july_432-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_bbc25july-432">[431]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_elpais6aug_433-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_elpais6aug-433">[432]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_telegraph_aug16_434-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_telegraph_aug16-434">[433]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-435" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-435">[434]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Studies have suggested that the number of infections and deaths may have been underestimated due to lack of testing and reporting, and many people with only mild or no symptoms were not tested.<sup id="cite_ref-436" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-436">[435]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-437" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-437">[436]</a></sup> Reports in May suggested that, based on a sample of more than 63,000 people, the number of infections may be ten times higher than the number of confirmed cases by that date, and <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Madrid</a> and several provinces of <a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla\xe2\x80\x93La Mancha">Castilla\xe2\x80\x93La Mancha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and Le\xc3\xb3n">Castile and Le\xc3\xb3n</a> were the most affected areas with a percentage of infection greater than 10%.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_Europa_Press-20200513_438-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_Europa_Press-20200513-438">[437]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_Mundo-20200513_439-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_Mundo-20200513-439">[438]</a></sup> There may also be as many as 15,815 more deaths according to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Health (Spain)">Spanish Ministry of Health</a> monitoring system on daily <a href="/wiki/Mortality_displacement" title="Mortality displacement">excess mortality</a> (Sistema de Monitorizaci\xc3\xb3n de la Mortalidad Diaria \xe2\x80\x93 MoMo).<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_Pa\xc3\xads-20200527_440-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_Pa\xc3\xads-20200527-440">[439]</a></sup> On 6 July 2020, the results of a <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Government of Spain</a> nationwide seroprevalence study showed that about two million people, or 5.2% of the population, could have been infected during the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_RTVE-20200706_441-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_RTVE-20200706-441">[440]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_Pa\xc3\xads-20200706_442-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_Pa\xc3\xads-20200706-442">[441]</a></sup> Spain was the second country in Europe (behind Russia) to record half a million cases.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_half_million_443-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_half_million-443">[442]</a></sup> On 21 October, Spain passed 1 million COVID-19 cases, with 1,005,295 infections and 34,366 deaths reported, a third of which occurred in Madrid.<sup id="cite_ref-444" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-444">[443]</a></sup>\n</p>\nAs of September 2021, Spain is one of the countries with the highest percentage of its population vaccinated (76% fully vaccinated and 79% with the first dose),<sup id="cite_ref-445" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-445">[444]</a></sup> while also being one of the countries more in favor of vaccines against COVID-19 (nearly 94% of its population is already vaccinated or wants to be). <sup id="cite_ref-446" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-446">[445]</a></sup></div></div>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Sweden">Sweden</span></h4>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden">COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden</a></div>\n<p>Sweden differed from most other European countries in that it mostly remained open.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT20200515_447-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT20200515-447">[446]</a></sup> Per the Swedish Constitution, the <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Agency_of_Sweden" title="Public Health Agency of Sweden">Public Health Agency of Sweden</a> has autonomy which prevents political interference and the agency\'s policy favoured forgoing a lockdown. The Swedish strategy focused on measures that could be put in place over a longer period of time, based on the assumption that the virus would start spreading again after a shorter lockdown.<sup id="cite_ref-7ys2k_448-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7ys2k-448">[447]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-I06mN_449-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-I06mN-449">[448]</a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> said that, as of May 2020, the outbreak had been far deadlier there but the economic impact had been reduced as Swedes have continued to go to work, restaurants, and shopping.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT20200515_447-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT20200515-447">[446]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BloombergOpen_450-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BloombergOpen-450">[449]</a></sup> On 19 May, it was reported that the country had in the week of 12\xe2\x80\x9319 May the highest per capita deaths in Europe, 6.25 deaths per million per day.<sup id="cite_ref-yahoo162855274_451-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yahoo162855274-451">[450]</a></sup> In the end of June, Sweden no longer had <a href="/wiki/Excess_mortality" class="mw-redirect" title="Excess mortality">excess mortality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HEUrz_452-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HEUrz-452">[451]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</span></h4>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom</a></div>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_England" title="COVID-19 pandemic in England">COVID-19 pandemic in England</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland">COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland">COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wales">COVID-19 pandemic in Wales</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Wee_Annie,_Kempock_Street,_face_mask.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg/170px-Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg/255px-Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg/340px-Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2292" data-file-height="2877" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Wee_Annie,_Kempock_Street,_face_mask.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The "Wee Annie" statue in <a href="/wiki/Gourock,_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Gourock, Scotland">Gourock</a>, Scotland, was given a face mask during the pandemic.</div></div></div>\n<p><a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">Devolution in the United Kingdom</a> meant that each of the four <a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">countries of the UK</a> had its own different response to COVID-19, and the UK government, on behalf of England, moved quicker to lift restrictions.<sup id="cite_ref-8VnMf_453-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8VnMf-453">[452]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">UK government</a> started enforcing social distancing and quarantine measures on 18 March 2020<sup id="cite_ref-PkWGD_454-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PkWGD-454">[453]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pkx25_455-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pkx25-455">[454]</a></sup> and was criticised for a perceived lack of intensity in its response to concerns faced by the public.<sup id="cite_ref-LlWkl_456-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LlWkl-456">[455]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nsOiP_457-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsOiP-457">[456]</a></sup> On 16 March, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> advised against non-essential travel and social contact, suggesting people work from home and avoid venues such as pubs, restaurants, and theatres.<sup id="cite_ref-5Q93q_458-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5Q93q-458">[457]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hYdUy_459-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hYdUy-459">[458]</a></sup> On 20 March, the government ordered all leisure establishments to close as soon as possible,<sup id="cite_ref-dmBNt_460-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dmBNt-460">[459]</a></sup> and promised to prevent unemployment.<sup id="cite_ref-mV2p3_461-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mV2p3-461">[460]</a></sup> On 23 March, Johnson banned gatherings of multiple people and restricting non-essential travel and outdoor activity. Unlike previous measures, these restrictions were enforceable by police through fines and dispersal of gatherings. Most non-essential businesses were ordered to close.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-pm-2403_462-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-pm-2403-462">[461]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 24 April, it was reported that a promising vaccine trial had begun in England; the government pledged more than \xc2\xa350 million towards research.<sup id="cite_ref-vKeXC_463-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vKeXC-463">[462]</a></sup> A number of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">temporary critical care hospitals</a> were built.<sup id="cite_ref-20200330nursingtimes_464-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200330nursingtimes-464">[463]</a></sup> The first operating was the 4,000-bed <a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital London">NHS Nightingale Hospital London</a>, constructed in just over nine days.<sup id="cite_ref-20200403theguardian_465-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200403theguardian-465">[464]</a></sup> On 4<span class="nowrap"> </span>May, it was announced that it would be placed on standby and remaining patients transferred to other facilities;<sup id="cite_ref-bbc52531845_466-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52531845-466">[465]</a></sup> 51 patients had been treated in the first three weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc52448982_467-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52448982-467">[466]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 16 April, it was reported that the UK would have first access to the Oxford vaccine, due to a prior contract; should the trial be successful, some 30 million doses in the UK would be available.<sup id="cite_ref-Lbt4o_468-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lbt4o-468">[467]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 2 December, the UK became the first Western country to approve the Pfizer vaccine against the COVID-19 virus; 800,000 doses would be immediately available for use.<sup id="cite_ref-469" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-469">[468]</a></sup> It was reported on 5 December, that the United Kingdom <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_programme_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 vaccination programme in the United Kingdom">would begin vaccination</a> against the virus on 8 December, less than a week after having been approved.<sup id="cite_ref-470" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-470">[469]</a></sup> On 9 December, MHRA stated that any individual with a significant allergic reaction to a vaccine, such as an anaphylactoid reaction, should not take the Pfizer vaccine for COVID-19 protection.<sup id="cite_ref-471" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-471">[470]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-472" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-472">[471]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="North_America">North America</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">COVID-19 pandemic in North America</a></div>\n<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">\n<p>The first cases in North America were reported in the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">United States</a> on 23 January 2020. Cases were reported in all North American countries after <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> confirmed a case on 25 March, and in all North American territories after <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bonaire" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bonaire">Bonaire</a> confirmed a case on 16 April.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America_FirstBonaire_local_473-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America_FirstBonaire_local-473">[472]</a></sup>\n</p>\nAs of 24 May 2021, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">Canada</a> has reported 1,361,564 cases and 25,265 deaths,<sup id="cite_ref-474" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-474">[473]</a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">Mexico</a> has reported 2,396,604 cases and 221,647 deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-475" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-475">[474]</a></sup> The most cases by state is California with 3,778,711 cases and 62,945 deaths as of 24 May 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-476" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-476">[475]</a></sup></div></div>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="United_States">United States</span></h4>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic in the United States</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg/220px-USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg/330px-USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg/440px-USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6905" data-file-height="4903" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The hospital ship <a href="/wiki/USNS_Comfort_(T-AH-20)" title="USNS Comfort (T-AH-20)">USNS <i>Comfort</i></a> arrives in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> on 30 March 2020.</div></div></div>\n<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">\n<p>45,400,466<sup id="cite_ref-Template:COVID-19_data_477-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Template:COVID-19_data-477">[476]</a></sup> confirmed cases have been reported in the United States with 735,373<sup id="cite_ref-Template:COVID-19_data_477-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Template:COVID-19_data-477">[476]</a></sup> deaths, the most of any country, and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">the twentieth-highest</a> per capita worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_JH_Mortality_478-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_JH_Mortality-478">[477]</a></sup> As many infections have gone undetected, the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC) estimated that, as of May 2021, there could be a total 120.2<span class="nowrap"> </span>million infections in the United States, or more than a third of the total population.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_CNN.Third_479-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_CNN.Third-479">[478]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_CDC-Estimated_480-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_CDC-Estimated-480">[479]</a></sup> COVID-19 is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_disasters_in_the_United_States_by_death_toll" title="List of disasters in the United States by death toll">deadliest pandemic in U.S. history</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-481" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-481">[480]</a></sup> it was the third-leading cause of death in the U.S. in 2020, behind heart disease and cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-482" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-482">[481]</a></sup> From 2019 to 2020, U.S. life expectancy dropped by 3<span class="nowrap"> </span>years for Hispanic Americans, 2.9<span class="nowrap"> </span>years for African Americans, and 1.2<span class="nowrap"> </span>years for white Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Bosman_483-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Bosman-483">[482]</a></sup> These effects have persisted as U.S. deaths due to COVID-19 in 2021 exceeded those in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-484" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-484">[483]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The first American case was reported on January 20, and President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> declared the U.S. outbreak a <a href="/wiki/Public_health_emergency_(United_States)" title="Public health emergency (United States)">public health emergency</a> on January 31. Restrictions were placed on flights arriving from China,<sup id="cite_ref-485" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-485">[484]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_RobertsonApril15_486-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_RobertsonApril15-486">[485]</a></sup> but the initial U.S. response to the pandemic was otherwise slow, in terms of preparing the healthcare system, stopping other travel, and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 testing in the United States">testing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-487" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-487">[486]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_:10_488-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_:10-488">[487]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-489" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-489">[488]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-491" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-491">[b]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The first known American deaths occurred in February. On March 6, 2020, Trump allocated $8.3 billion to fight the outbreak and declared a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">national emergency</a> on March 13. The government also purchased large quantities of medical equipment, invoking the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Production_Act_of_1950" title="Defense Production Act of 1950">Defense Production Act of 1950</a> to assist.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_WatsonMarch27_492-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_WatsonMarch27-492">[490]</a></sup> By mid-April, disaster declarations were made by all states and territories as they all had increasing cases. A second wave of infections began in June, following relaxed restrictions in several states, leading to daily cases surpassing 60,000. By mid-October, a third surge of cases began; there were over 200,000 new daily cases during parts of December 2020 and January 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-493" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-493">[491]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-494" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-494">[492]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccines</a> became available in December 2020, under emergency use, beginning the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United States">national vaccination program</a>, with the first vaccine officially approved by the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration (FDA)</a> on August 23, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-495" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-495">[493]</a></sup> Studies have shown them to be highly protective against severe illness, hospitalization, and death. In comparison with fully vaccinated people, the CDC found that those who were not vaccinated were from 5 to nearly 30 times more likely to become either infected or hospitalized. There has nonetheless been some <a href="/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy" title="Vaccine hesitancy">vaccine hesitancy</a> for various reasons, although side effects are rare.<sup id="cite_ref-496" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-496">[494]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-497" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-497">[495]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-498" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-498">[496]</a></sup> There have also been numerous reports that unvaccinated COVID-19 patients have <a href="/wiki/2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19" title="2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19">strained the capacity of hospitals throughout the country</a>, forcing many to turn away patients with life-threatening diseases.</div></div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="South_America">South America</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">COVID-19 pandemic in South America</a></div>\n<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">\n<p>The pandemic was confirmed to have reached South America on 26 February 2020 when Brazil confirmed a case in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="S\xc3\xa3o Paulo">S\xc3\xa3o Paulo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-499" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-499">[497]</a></sup> By 3 April, all countries and territories in South America had recorded at least one case.<sup id="cite_ref-Stuff/Fairfax_500-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuff/Fairfax-500">[498]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 13 May 2020, it was reported that Latin America and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> had reported over 400,000 cases of COVID-19 infection with, 23,091 deaths. On 22 May 2020, citing the rapid increase of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">infections in Brazil</a>, the WHO declared South America the epicentre of the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-501" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-501">[499]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-502" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-502">[500]</a></sup>\n</p>\nAs of 16 July 2021, South America had recorded 34,359,631 confirmed cases and 1,047,229 deaths from COVID-19. Due to a shortage of testing and medical facilities, it is believed that the outbreak is far larger than the official numbers show.<sup id="cite_ref-503" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-503">[501]</a></sup></div></div>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Brazil">Brazil</span></h4>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:(2020.04.17)_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_(49784811813).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg/220px-%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg/330px-%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg/440px-%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4555" data-file-height="3037" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:(2020.04.17)_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_(49784811813).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Disinfection of public area in <a href="/wiki/Itapevi" title="Itapevi">Itapevi</a>, Brazil.</div></div></div>\n<p>On 20 May, it was reported that Brazil had a record 1,179 deaths in a single day, for a total of almost 18,000 fatalities. With a total number of almost 272,000 cases, Brazil became the country with the third-highest number of cases, following Russia and the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-20200520reuters_504-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200520reuters-504">[502]</a></sup> On 25 May, Brazil exceeded the number of reported cases in Russia when they reported that 11,687 new cases had been confirmed over the previous 24 hours, bringing the total number to over 374,800, with more than 23,400 deaths. President <a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a> has created controversy by referring to the virus as a "little flu" and frequently speaking out against preventive measures such as lockdowns and quarantines. His attitude towards the outbreak has been likened to that of former US President Trump, with Bolsonaro being called the "Trump of the Tropics".<sup id="cite_ref-9hz3E_505-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9hz3E-505">[503]</a></sup> Bolsonaro later tested positive for the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-D2hqe_506-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D2hqe-506">[504]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In June 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Brazil" title="Federal government of Brazil">government of Brazil</a> attempted to conceal the actual figures of the COVID-19 active cases and deaths, as it stopped publishing the total number of infections and deaths. On 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>June, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Brazil)" title="Ministry of Health (Brazil)">Brazil\'s health ministry</a> took down the official website reflecting the total numbers of infections and deaths. The website was live on 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>June, with only the number of infections of the previous 24 hours. The last official numbers reported about 615,000 infections and over 34,000 deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-c803k_507-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c803k-507">[505]</a></sup> On 15 June, it was reported that the worldwide cases had jumped from seven to eight million in one week, citing Latin America, specifically Brazil as one of the countries where cases are surging, in this case, towards 1 million cases.<sup id="cite_ref-H8V6v_508-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H8V6v-508">[506]</a></sup> Brazil briefly paused Phase III trials for the Coronavac COVID-19 vaccine on 10 November after the suicide of a volunteer before resuming on 11 November.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_509-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-509">[507]</a></sup>\n</p><p>By early 2021, the death toll had climbed to 231,534. The total number of cases on 7 February exceeded 9.5 million. The only countries with worse outbreaks were India and the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-510" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-510">[508]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Africa">Africa</span></h3>\n<div class="excerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">COVID-19 pandemic in Africa</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_(49829156488).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg/220px-Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg/330px-Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg/440px-Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_(49829156488).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">US Air Force</a> personnel unload a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">C-17</a> aircraft carrying approximately 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) of medical supplies in <a href="/wiki/Niamey,_Niger" class="mw-redirect" title="Niamey, Niger">Niamey, Niger</a>.</div></div></div>\n<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">\n<p>The pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Africa on 14 February 2020, with the first confirmed case announced in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt">Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_bbc_51509248_511-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_bbc_51509248-511">[509]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-512" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-512">[510]</a></sup> The first confirmed case in <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan Africa</a> was announced in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nigeria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria">Nigeria</a> at the end of February 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_bbc_51671834_513-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_bbc_51671834-513">[511]</a></sup> Within three months, the virus had spread throughout the continent, as Lesotho, the last African sovereign state to have remained free of the virus, reported a case on 13 May 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_reuters_idUSKBN22P1R4_514-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_reuters_idUSKBN22P1R4-514">[512]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_latimes.com_515-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_latimes.com-515">[513]</a></sup> By 26 May, it appeared that most African countries were experiencing community transmission, although testing capacity was limited.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20200526_africa_516-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20200526_africa-516">[514]</a></sup> Most of the identified imported cases arrived from Europe and the United States rather than from China where the virus originated.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_Africa_Braces_517-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_Africa_Braces-517">[515]</a></sup> \n</p><p>In early June 2021, Africa faced a third wave of COVID infections with cases rising in 14 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20210607_third_518-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20210607_third-518">[516]</a></sup> By 4 July the continent recorded more than 251,000 new Covid cases, a 20% increase from the prior week and a 12% increase from the January peak. More than sixteen African countries, including Malawi and Senegal, recorded an uptick in new cases.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_Mendez_519-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_Mendez-519">[517]</a></sup> The World Health Organization labelled it Africa\'s \'Worst Pandemic Week Ever\'.<sup id="cite_ref-520" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-520">[518]</a></sup> \n</p>\nIt is believed that there is widespread <a href="/wiki/Under-reporting" title="Under-reporting">under-reporting</a> in many African countries with less developed <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare system">healthcare systems</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20200502_somali_521-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20200502_somali-521">[519]</a></sup> According to the autumn 2020 <a href="/wiki/Seroprevalence" title="Seroprevalence">seroprevalence</a> study in <a href="/wiki/Juba" title="Juba">Juba</a> in South Sudan, less than 1% of infected were actually reported.<sup id="cite_ref-522" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-522">[520]</a></sup></div></div></div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Oceania">Oceania</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania</a></div>\n<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">\n<p>The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Oceania on 25 January 2020 with the first confirmed case reported in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Australia">Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_AustraliaCase1_523-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_AustraliaCase1-523">[521]</a></sup> It has since spread elsewhere in the region,<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_WHO_Dashboard_524-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_WHO_Dashboard-524">[522]</a></sup> although many small Pacific <a href="/wiki/Island_country" title="Island country">island nations</a> have thus far avoided the outbreak by closing their international borders. Three Oceania sovereign states (Nauru, Tonga, and Tuvalu) and one dependency (<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>) have yet to report a case. <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a> were praised for their handling of the pandemic in comparison to other Western nations, with New Zealand and each state in Australia wiping out all community transmission of the virus several times even after re-introduction in the community.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_reuters-oz-10days_525-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_reuters-oz-10days-525">[523]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_bloomberg-oz-tassie-price_526-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_bloomberg-oz-tassie-price-526">[524]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-527" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-527">[525]</a></sup>\n</p>\nHowever, by August 2021, the Australian states of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> had conceded defeat in their eradication efforts.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In early October 2021, New Zealand also abandoned its elimination strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_The_Guardian_NZ_abandons_elimination_528-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_The_Guardian_NZ_abandons_elimination-528">[526]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_NZH_NZ_abandons_elimination_529-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_NZH_NZ_abandons_elimination-529">[527]</a></sup></div></div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Antarctica">Antarctica</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica</a></div>\n<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">\nDue to its remoteness and sparse population, <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> was the last <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a> to have confirmed cases of COVID-19 and was one of the last regions of the world affected directly by the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica_:0_530-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica_:0-530">[528]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-531" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-531">[529]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-532" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-532">[530]</a></sup> The first cases were reported in December 2020, almost a year after the first cases of COVID-19 were detected in China. At least 36 people are confirmed to have been infected.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica_:2_533-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica_:2-533">[531]</a></sup></div></div>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="International_responses">International responses</span></h2>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Workers unloading boxes of medical supplies at Villamor Air Base" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg/220px-China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg/330px-China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg/440px-China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Donated medical supplies received in the Philippines</div></div></div>\n<p>The COVID-19 pandemic shook the world\'s economy, with especially severe economic damage in the United States, Europe, and Latin America.<sup id="cite_ref-534" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-534">[532]</a></sup> A consensus report by American intelligence agencies in April 2021 concluded, "Efforts to contain and manage the virus have reinforced nationalist trends globally, as some states turned inward to protect their citizens and sometimes cast blame on marginalized groups." Furthermore, COVID-19 has inflamed partisanship and polarisation around the world as bitter arguments explode over whom to scapegoat and whom to help first. The risks include further disruption of international trade and the formation of no-entry enclaves.<sup id="cite_ref-535" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-535">[533]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Travel_restrictions">Travel restrictions</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>\n<p>As a result of the pandemic, many countries and regions imposed quarantines, entry bans, or other restrictions, either for citizens, recent travellers to affected areas,<sup id="cite_ref-20200326nytimes_536-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200326nytimes-536">[534]</a></sup> or for all travellers.<sup id="cite_ref-Kh5YZ_537-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kh5YZ-537">[535]</a></sup> Together with a decreased willingness to travel, this had a <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">negative economic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">social impact</a> on the travel sector. Concerns have been raised over the effectiveness of travel restrictions to contain the spread of COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-20200224nationalgeographic_538-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200224nationalgeographic-538">[536]</a></sup> A study in <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i> found that travel restrictions had only modestly affected the initial spread of COVID-19, unless combined with <a href="/wiki/Infection_prevention_and_control" title="Infection prevention and control">infection prevention and control</a> measures to considerably reduce transmissions.<sup id="cite_ref-DJYtB_539-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DJYtB-539">[537]</a></sup> Researchers concluded that "travel restrictions are most useful in the early and late phase of an epidemic" and "restrictions of travel from Wuhan unfortunately came too late".<sup id="cite_ref-283GD_540-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-283GD-540">[538]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> rejected the idea of suspending the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">Schengen free travel zone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dw52497811_541-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dw52497811-541">[539]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200313euractiv_542-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200313euractiv-542">[540]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Evacuation_of_foreign_citizens">Evacuation of foreign citizens</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg/220px-Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg/330px-Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg/440px-Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="804" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Ukraine evacuates Ukrainian and foreign citizens from <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, China</div></div></div>\n<p>Owing to the effective lockdown of Wuhan and Hubei, several countries evacuated their citizens and diplomatic staff from the area, primarily through <a href="/wiki/Air_charter" title="Air charter">chartered flights</a> of the home nation, with Chinese authorities providing clearance. Canada, the United States, Japan, India,<sup id="cite_ref-FLdHv_543-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FLdHv-543">[541]</a></sup> Sri Lanka, Australia, France, Argentina, Germany, and Thailand were among the first to plan the evacuation of their citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-169_544-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-169-544">[542]</a></sup> Brazil and New Zealand also evacuated their own nationals and some other people.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-171_545-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-171-545">[543]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6l9jG_546-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6l9jG-546">[544]</a></sup> On 14 March 2020, South Africa repatriated 112 South Africans who tested negative for the virus from Wuhan, while four who showed symptoms were left behind to mitigate risk.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_547-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-547">[545]</a></sup> Pakistan said it would not evacuate citizens from China.<sup id="cite_ref-20200131dialoguepakistan_548-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200131dialoguepakistan-548">[546]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 15 February 2020, the US announced it would evacuate Americans aboard the cruise ship <i><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Princess_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamond Princess outbreak">Diamond Princess</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-174_549-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-174-549">[547]</a></sup> and on 21 February, Canada evacuated 129 Canadian passengers from the ship.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-175_550-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-175-550">[548]</a></sup> In early March, the Indian government began evacuating its citizens from Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-czjOG_551-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-czjOG-551">[549]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-indiatimes74647353_552-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indiatimes74647353-552">[550]</a></sup> On 20 March, the United States began to partially withdraw its troops from Iraq due to the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-USWithdraw_553-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USWithdraw-553">[551]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="United_Nations_response_measures">United Nations response measures</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic">United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>\n<p>In June 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General of the United Nations</a> launched the "UN Comprehensive Response to COVID-19".<sup id="cite_ref-Krm4a_554-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krm4a-554">[552]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</a> (UNSC) has been criticised for a slow coordinated response, especially regarding the UN\'s <a href="/wiki/Global_ceasefire" title="Global ceasefire">global ceasefire</a>, which aims to open up humanitarian access to the world\'s most vulnerable in conflict zones.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_555-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-555">[553]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="WHO_response_measures">WHO response measures</span></h4>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic">World Health Organization\'s response to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>\n<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg/220px-13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg/330px-13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg/440px-13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="639" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> representatives holding joint meeting with <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> city administrators in March 2020</div></div></div>\n<p>The WHO is a leading organisation involved in the global coordination for mitigating the pandemic. \n</p><p>The WHO has spearheaded several initiatives like the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Solidarity_Response_Fund" title="COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund">COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund</a> to raise money for the pandemic response, the <a href="/wiki/UN_COVID-19_Supply_Chain_Task_Force" title="UN COVID-19 Supply Chain Task Force">UN COVID-19 Supply Chain Task Force</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_trial" title="Solidarity trial">solidarity trial</a> for investigating potential treatment options for the disease. The WHO\'s <a href="/wiki/COVAX" title="COVAX">COVAX</a> vaccine-sharing program aims to distribute 2 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccine for free or at a reduced cost by the end of 2021, and has begun distributing them.\n</p>\nThe WHO\'s handling of the initial outbreak of the pandemic has required a "diplomatic balancing act" between member states, in particular between the United States and China. On August 27, the WHO announced the setting up of an independent expert Review Committee to examine aspects of the international treaty that governs preparedness and response to health emergencies. A WHO-led international mission arrived in China in January 2021 to <a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">investigate the origins of the COVID-19 pandemic</a> and released preliminary findings in February 2021.</div></div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Protests_against_governmental_measures">Protests against governmental measures</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>\n<p>In several countries, protests have risen against governmental restrictive responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as lockdowns. A February 2021 study found that large protest rallies against COVID-19 measures are likely to directly increase the spread of viruses, including COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-556" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-556">[554]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Impact">Impact</span></h2>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Economics">Economics</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">on science and technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">on financial markets</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">2020 stock market crash</a>, and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">COVID-19 recession</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:292px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg/290px-Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="218" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg/435px-Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg/580px-Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="378" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A <a href="/wiki/Stock_index" class="mw-redirect" title="Stock index">stock index</a> chart shows the <a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">2020 stock market crash</a>.</div></div></div>\n<p>The outbreak is a major destabilising threat to the global economy. One estimate from an expert at <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a> gave a $300+<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion impact on the world\'s supply chain that could last up to two years.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-268_557-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-268-557">[555]</a></sup> Global stock markets fell on 24 February due to a significant rise in the number of COVID-19 cases outside China.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-270_558-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-270-558">[556]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-271_559-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-271-559">[557]</a></sup> On 27 February, due to mounting worries about the COVID-19 outbreak, US stock indexes posted their sharpest falls since 2008, with the <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow</a> falling 1,191 points (the largest one-day drop since the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007\xe2\x80\x9308">financial crisis of 2007\xe2\x80\x9308</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-S6DVx_560-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S6DVx-560">[558]</a></sup> and all three major indexes ending the week down more than 10 per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-U7teI_561-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U7teI-561">[559]</a></sup> On 28 February, Scope Ratings GmbH affirmed China\'s sovereign credit rating but maintained a Negative Outlook.<sup id="cite_ref-NRWqJ_562-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRWqJ-562">[560]</a></sup> Stocks plunged again due to COVID-19 fears, the largest fall being on 16 March.<sup id="cite_ref-m0beI_563-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m0beI-563">[561]</a></sup>\n</p><p><a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_of_London" title="Lloyd's of London">Lloyd\'s of London</a> estimated that the global insurance industry will absorb losses of US$204 billion, exceeding the losses from the <a href="/wiki/2017_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2017 Atlantic hurricane season">2017 Atlantic hurricane season</a> and <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">11 September attacks</a>, suggesting the COVID-19 pandemic will likely go down in history as the costliest disaster ever in human history.<sup id="cite_ref-jJAfD_564-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jJAfD-564">[562]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto,_March_2020_(cropped).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2493" data-file-height="1654" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto,_March_2020_(cropped).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A highway sign in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> discouraging non-essential travel in March 2020</div></div></div>\n<p>Tourism is one of the worst affected sectors due to travel bans, closing of public places including travel attractions, and advice of governments against travel. Numerous airlines have cancelled flights due to lower demand, and British regional airline <a href="/wiki/Flybe" title="Flybe">Flybe</a> collapsed.<sup id="cite_ref-z2VrM_565-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z2VrM-565">[563]</a></sup> The cruise line industry was hard hit,<sup id="cite_ref-smh20200227_566-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smh20200227-566">[564]</a></sup> and several train stations and ferry ports have also been closed.<sup id="cite_ref-wnn7L_567-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wnn7L-567">[565]</a></sup> International mail between some countries stopped or was delayed due to reduced transportation between them or suspension of domestic service.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj1158868721_568-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj1158868721-568">[566]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The retail sector has been impacted globally, with reductions in store hours or temporary closures.<sup id="cite_ref-4QUSL_569-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4QUSL-569">[567]</a></sup> Visits to retailers in Europe and Latin America declined by 40 per cent. North America and Middle East retailers saw a 50\xe2\x80\x9360 per cent drop.<sup id="cite_ref-20200402aislelabs_570-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200402aislelabs-570">[568]</a></sup> This also resulted in a 33\xe2\x80\x9343 per cent drop in foot traffic to shopping centres in March compared to February. Shopping mall operators around the world imposed additional measures, such as increased sanitation, installation of thermal scanners to check the temperature of shoppers, and cancellation of events.<sup id="cite_ref-J6Y6Z_571-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J6Y6Z-571">[569]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_(49935630543).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg/220px-Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg/330px-Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg/440px-Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5165" data-file-height="3640" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_(49935630543).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A socially distanced homeless encampment in San Francisco, California, in May 2020</div></div></div>\n<p>Hundreds of millions of jobs could be lost globally.<sup id="cite_ref-aljazeera2004271718_572-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2004271718-572">[570]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200506csmonitor_573-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200506csmonitor-573">[571]</a></sup> More than 40 million Americans <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Unemployment in the United States">lost their jobs</a> and filed <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Unemployment insurance">unemployment insurance</a> claims.<sup id="cite_ref-20200528WaPo_574-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200528WaPo-574">[572]</a></sup> The economic impact and mass unemployment caused by the pandemic has raised fears of a mass <a href="/wiki/Eviction_in_the_United_States" title="Eviction in the United States">eviction crisis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CvJoN_575-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CvJoN-575">[573]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DqnOV_576-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DqnOV-576">[574]</a></sup> with an analysis by the <a href="/wiki/Aspen_Institute" title="Aspen Institute">Aspen Institute</a> indicating between 30 and 40 million Americans are at risk for eviction by the end of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-BPAdu_577-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPAdu-577">[575]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DuTwi_578-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DuTwi-578">[576]</a></sup> According to a report by <a href="/wiki/Yelp" title="Yelp">Yelp</a>, about 60% of US businesses that have closed since the start of the pandemic will stay shut permanently.<sup id="cite_ref-vLHxV_579-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vLHxV-579">[577]</a></sup>\n</p><p>According to a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean">United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America</a> estimate, the pandemic-induced recession could leave 14\xe2\x80\x9322 million more people in <a href="/wiki/Extreme_poverty" title="Extreme poverty">extreme poverty</a> in Latin America than would have been in that situation without the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-20200403elpais_580-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200403elpais-580">[578]</a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, up to 100 million more people globally could fall into extreme poverty due to the shutdowns.<sup id="cite_ref-Extreme_poverty_1_581-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Extreme_poverty_1-581">[579]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Extreme_poverty_3_582-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Extreme_poverty_3-582">[580]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a> (ILO) informed that the income generated in the first nine months of 2020 from work across the world dropped by 10.7 per cent, or $3.5 trillion, amidst the COVID-19 outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-rd8bm_583-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rd8bm-583">[581]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Supply_shortages">Supply shortages</span></h4>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ntuc_super_store,_Singapore_(49505410793).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg/220px-Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg/330px-Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg/440px-Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Ntuc_super_store,_Singapore_(49505410793).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>COVID-19 fears have led to panic buying of essentials across the world, including <a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper" title="Toilet paper">toilet paper</a>, dried and <a href="/wiki/Instant_noodles" class="mw-redirect" title="Instant noodles">instant noodles</a>, bread, rice, vegetables, disinfectant, and <a href="/wiki/Rubbing_alcohol" title="Rubbing alcohol">rubbing alcohol</a>.</div></div></div>\n<p>The outbreak has been blamed for several instances of <a href="/wiki/Shortage" title="Shortage">supply shortages</a>, stemming from globally increased usage of equipment to fight outbreaks, panic buying (which in several places led to shelves being cleared of grocery essentials such as food, toilet paper, and bottled water), and disruption to factory and logistic operations.<sup id="cite_ref-XvcU9_584-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XvcU9-584">[582]</a></sup> The spread of panic buying has been found to stem from perceived threat, perceived scarcity, fear of the unknown, coping behaviour and social psychological factors (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Social_influence" title="Social influence">social influence</a> and trust).<sup id="cite_ref-cSvA4_585-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cSvA4-585">[583]</a></sup> The technology industry, in particular, has warned of delays to shipments of electronic goods.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-263_586-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-263-586">[584]</a></sup> According to the WHO director-general <a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom" title="Tedros Adhanom">Tedros Adhanom</a>, demand for personal protection equipment has risen a hundredfold, leading to prices up to twenty times the normal price and also delays in the supply of medical items of four to six months.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-275_587-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-275-587">[585]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-276_588-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-276-588">[586]</a></sup> It has also caused a shortage of personal protective equipment worldwide, with the WHO warning that this will endanger health workers.<sup id="cite_ref-Mycfo_589-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mycfo-589">[587]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak was worldwide. The virus created a shortage of <a href="/wiki/Precursor_(chemistry)" title="Precursor (chemistry)">precursors</a> (raw material) used in the manufacturing of <a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">fentanyl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">methamphetamine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DSstandaard_590-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSstandaard-590">[588]</a></sup> Price increases and shortages in these illegal drugs have been noticed on the streets of the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_591-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-591">[589]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The pandemic has disrupted global <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food supplies</a> and threatens to trigger a new <a href="/wiki/Food_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Food crisis">food crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20200414foreignpolicy_592-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200414foreignpolicy-592">[590]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aljazeera2004211359_593-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2004211359-593">[591]</a></sup> In April 2020, David Beasley, head of the <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> (WFP), said "we could be facing multiple <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famines</a> of biblical proportions within a short few months."<sup id="cite_ref-bbc52373888_594-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52373888-594">[592]</a></sup> Senior officials at the United Nations estimated in April 2020 that an additional 130 million people could <a href="/wiki/Starvation" title="Starvation">starve</a>, for a total of 265 million by the end of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc52373888_594-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52373888-594">[592]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200421un_595-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200421un-595">[593]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200422nytimes_596-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200422nytimes-596">[594]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Oil_and_other_energy_markets">Oil and other energy markets</span></h4>\n<p>In early February 2020, <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries</a> (OPEC) "scrambled" after a steep decline in <a href="/wiki/Price_of_oil" title="Price of oil">oil prices</a> due to lower demand from China.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-269_597-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-269-597">[595]</a></sup> On Monday, 20 April, the price of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) went negative and fell to a record low (minus $37.63 a barrel) due to traders\' offloading holdings so as not to take delivery and incur storage costs.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC,_US_oil_prices,_21_April_2020_598-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC,_US_oil_prices,_21_April_2020-598">[596]</a></sup> June prices were down but in the positive range, with a barrel of West Texas trading above $20.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC,_US_oil_prices,_21_April_2020_598-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC,_US_oil_prices,_21_April_2020-598">[596]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Culture">Culture</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_events_affected_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic">List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg" class="image"><img alt="A man wearing purple vestments and standing at an altar uses a mobile phone camera to record himself. Empty pews are visible in the background." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg/220px-Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg/330px-Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg/440px-Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An American Catholic military chaplain prepares for a live-streamed <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> in an empty chapel at <a href="/wiki/Offutt_Air_Force_Base" title="Offutt Air Force Base">Offutt Air Force Base</a> in March 2020</div></div></div>\n<p>The performing arts and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural heritage sector">cultural heritage sectors</a> have been profoundly affected by the pandemic, impacting organisations\' operations as well as individuals\xe2\x80\x94both employed and independent\xe2\x80\x94globally. By March 2020, across the world and to varying degrees, museums, libraries, performance venues, and other cultural institutions had been indefinitely closed with their exhibitions, events and performances cancelled or postponed.<sup id="cite_ref-v5Qlx_599-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v5Qlx-599">[597]</a></sup> Some services continued through digital platforms,<sup id="cite_ref-ZljIY_600-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZljIY-600">[598]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Burke2020_601-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burke2020-601">[599]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SxIEK_602-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SxIEK-602">[600]</a></sup> such as live streaming concerts<sup id="cite_ref-SZ5Mc_603-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SZ5Mc-603">[601]</a></sup> or web-based arts festivals.<sup id="cite_ref-mYlLn_604-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mYlLn-604">[602]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Politics">Politics</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics</a></div>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Meeting of the Italian government task force to face the coronavirus outbreak, 23 February 2020" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg/220px-2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg/330px-2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg/440px-2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1133" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An <a href="/wiki/Conte_II_Cabinet" title="Conte II Cabinet">Italian government</a> task force meets to discuss COVID-19 in February 2020</div></div></div>\n<p>The pandemic has affected the political systems of multiple countries, causing suspensions of legislative activities,<sup id="cite_ref-20200313nationalpost_605-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200313nationalpost-605">[603]</a></sup> isolations or deaths of multiple politicians,<sup id="cite_ref-20200318foreignpolicy_606-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200318foreignpolicy-606">[604]</a></sup> and rescheduling of elections due to fears of spreading the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-20200427nytimes_607-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200427nytimes-607">[605]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Although they have broad support among epidemiologists, social distancing measures have been politically controversial in many countries. Intellectual opposition to social distancing has come primarily from writers of other fields, although there are a few heterodox epidemiologists.<sup id="cite_ref-74OHE_608-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74OHE-608">[606]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On 23 March 2020, United Nations Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="Ant\xc3\xb3nio Guterres">Ant\xc3\xb3nio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres</a> issued an appeal for a global ceasefire in response to the pandemic;<sup id="cite_ref-tFb4N_609-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tFb4N-609">[607]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lzoeV_610-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lzoeV-610">[608]</a></sup> 172 UN Member States and Observers signed a non-binding statement in support of the appeal in June,<sup id="cite_ref-AGhvz_611-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AGhvz-611">[609]</a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a> passed a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2532" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2532">resolution</a> supporting it in July.<sup id="cite_ref-9rN79_612-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9rN79-612">[610]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nJTuX_613-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nJTuX-613">[611]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="China_2">China</span></h4>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations#COVID-19" title="China\xe2\x80\x93United States relations">China\xe2\x80\x93United States relations \xc2\xa7 COVID-19</a></div>\n<p>The government of China has been criticised by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">United States</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20200311foreignpolicy_614-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200311foreignpolicy-614">[612]</a></sup> the UK Minister for the Cabinet Office <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Michael Gove</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-xmEit_615-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xmEit-615">[613]</a></sup> and others<sup id="cite_ref-20200319bloomberg_616-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200319bloomberg-616">[614]</a></sup> for its handling of the pandemic. A number of provincial-level administrators of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">Communist Party of China</a> were dismissed over their handling of the quarantine measures in China, a sign of discontent with their response to the outbreak. Some commentators believed this move was intended to protect CCP <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party">general secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> from the controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-vLpPa_617-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vLpPa-617">[615]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/US_intelligence_community" class="mw-redirect" title="US intelligence community">US intelligence community</a> claims China intentionally under-reported its number of COVID-19 cases.<sup id="cite_ref-20200402nytimes_618-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200402nytimes-618">[616]</a></sup> The Chinese government maintains it has acted swiftly and transparently.<sup id="cite_ref-hMc3w_619-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hMc3w-619">[617]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NF0y6_620-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NF0y6-620">[618]</a></sup> However, journalists and activists who have reported on the pandemic have been detained by authorities,<sup id="cite_ref-621" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-621">[619]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-622" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-622">[620]</a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zhan" title="Zhang Zhan">Zhang Zhan</a>, who was arrested and tortured for reporting on the pandemic and the detainment of other independent journalists.<sup id="cite_ref-623" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-623">[621]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-624" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-624">[622]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-625" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-625">[623]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Italy_2">Italy</span></h4>\n<p>In early March, the Italian government criticised the EU\'s lack of solidarity with COVID-19-affected Italy<sup id="cite_ref-Y27Kh_626-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Y27Kh-626">[624]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91jge_627-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91jge-627">[625]</a></sup>\xe2\x80\x94Maurizio Massari, Italy\'s ambassador to the EU, said "only China responded bilaterally", not the EU.<sup id="cite_ref-politico-corona_628-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico-corona-628">[626]</a></sup> On 22 March, after a phone call with Italian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Giuseppe Conte</a>, Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> had the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian army</a> send military medics, disinfection vehicles, and other medical equipment to Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters219081_629-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters219081-629">[627]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Lombardy" title="President of Lombardy">President of Lombardy</a> <a href="/wiki/Attilio_Fontana" title="Attilio Fontana">Attilio Fontana</a> and Italian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Di_Maio" title="Luigi Di Maio">Luigi Di Maio</a> expressed their gratitude for the aid.<sup id="cite_ref-20200328insideover_630-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200328insideover-630">[628]</a></sup> Russia also sent a cargo plane with medical aid to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-20200401themoscowtimes_631-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200401themoscowtimes-631">[629]</a></sup> Kremlin spokesman <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Peskov" title="Dmitry Peskov">Dmitry Peskov</a> said "when offering assistance to US colleagues, [Putin] assumes that when US manufacturers of medical equipment and materials gain momentum, they will also be able to reciprocate if necessary."<sup id="cite_ref-aljazeera2004010659_632-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2004010659-632">[630]</a></sup>\nIn early April, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and EU states like <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> started to offer help by sending medical personnel and disinfectant,<sup id="cite_ref-eumedicalteams_633-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eumedicalteams-633">[631]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> offered an official apology to the country.<sup id="cite_ref-euapology_634-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euapology-634">[632]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="United_States_2">United States</span></h4>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_(49799974031).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg/220px-Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg/330px-Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg/440px-Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1997" data-file-height="1450" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_(49799974031).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Several hundred anti-lockdown protesters rallied at the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Statehouse" title="Ohio Statehouse">Ohio Statehouse</a> on 20 April 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbus_Dispatch_635-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Dispatch-635">[633]</a></sup></div></div></div>\n<p>The outbreak prompted calls for the United States to adopt social policies common in other wealthy countries, including <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_child_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal child care">universal child care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paid_sick_leave" class="mw-redirect" title="Paid sick leave">paid sick leave</a>, and higher levels of funding for public health.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_Calls_636-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Calls-636">[634]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hill5_637-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill5-637">[635]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ddn2P_638-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ddn2P-638">[636]</a></sup> Political analysts believe it may have contributed to Donald Trump\'s loss in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TrumpChances_639-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TrumpChances-639">[637]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AtlanticChances_640-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AtlanticChances-640">[638]</a></sup> Beginning in mid-April 2020, there were <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_United_States_anti-lockdown_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2020\xe2\x80\x932021 United States anti-lockdown protests">protests</a> in several US states against government-imposed business closures and restricted personal movement and association.<sup id="cite_ref-5YqAF_641-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5YqAF-641">[639]</a></sup> Simultaneously, protests ensued by <a href="/wiki/Essential_worker" class="mw-redirect" title="Essential worker">essential workers</a> in the form of a <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_essential_workers_general_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States essential workers general strike">general strike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-c114M_642-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c114M-642">[640]</a></sup> In early October 2020, Donald Trump, his family members, and many other government officials <a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak" title="White House COVID-19 outbreak">were diagnosed with COVID-19</a>, further disrupting the country\'s politics.<sup id="cite_ref-EVG4L_643-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EVG4L-643">[641]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_countries">Other countries</span></h4>\n<p>The planned <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> "<a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_exercises" title="List of NATO exercises">Defender 2020</a>" military exercise in Germany, Poland, and the Baltic states, the largest NATO war exercise since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, was held on a reduced scale.<sup id="cite_ref-20200320spectator_644-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200320spectator-644">[642]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200319reuters_645-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200319reuters-645">[643]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament" title="Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament">Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament</a>\'s general secretary <a href="/wiki/Kate_Hudson_(activist)" title="Kate Hudson (activist)">Kate Hudson</a> criticised the exercise, saying "it jeopardises the lives not only of the troops from the US and the many European countries participating but the inhabitants of the countries in which they are operating."<sup id="cite_ref-20200318morningstaronline_646-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200318morningstaronline-646">[644]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The Iranian government has been heavily affected by the virus, with about two dozen parliament members and political figures infected.<sup id="cite_ref-D2Xpc_348-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D2Xpc-348">[347]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nmEQ5_647-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmEQ5-647">[645]</a></sup> Iran\'s President Hassan Rouhani wrote a public letter to world leaders asking for help on 14 March 2020, saying they were struggling to fight the outbreak due to a lack of access to international markets from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_sanctions_against_Iran" title="United States sanctions against Iran">United States sanctions against Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-u2rRX_648-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-u2rRX-648">[646]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, which launched a <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">military intervention in Yemen</a> in March 2015, declared a ceasefire.<sup id="cite_ref-20200409foreignpolicy_649-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200409foreignpolicy-649">[647]</a></sup>\n</p><p><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Japan\xe2\x80\x93South Korea relations">Diplomatic relations between Japan and South Korea</a> worsened due to the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-z8lBE_650-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z8lBE-650">[648]</a></sup> South Korea criticised Japan\'s "ambiguous and passive quarantine efforts" after Japan announced anyone coming from South Korea would be placed in quarantine for two weeks at government-designated sites.<sup id="cite_ref-HnqN4_651-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HnqN4-651">[649]</a></sup> South Korean society was initially polarised on President Moon Jae-in\'s response to the crisis; many Koreans signed petitions either calling for Moon\'s <a href="/wiki/Impeachment" title="Impeachment">impeachment</a> or praising his response.<sup id="cite_ref-imx38_373-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imx38-373">[372]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Some countries have passed emergency legislation in response to the pandemic. Some commentators have expressed concern that it could allow governments to strengthen their grip on power.<sup id="cite_ref-20200331theguardian_652-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200331theguardian-652">[650]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200330nytimes_653-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200330nytimes-653">[651]</a></sup> In the Philippines, lawmakers granted president <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> temporary emergency powers during the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-abcnews-censorship_654-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcnews-censorship-654">[652]</a></sup> In Hungary, the parliament voted to allow the prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orb\xc3\xa1n">Viktor Orb\xc3\xa1n</a>, to rule by decree indefinitely, suspend parliament as well as elections, and punish those deemed to have spread false information about the virus and the government\'s handling of the crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-20200330cnn_655-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200330cnn-655">[653]</a></sup> In some countries, including <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-dw53009293_656-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dw53009293-656">[654]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20200401foreignpolicy_657-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200401foreignpolicy-657">[655]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-abcnews-censorship_654-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcnews-censorship-654">[652]</a></sup> opposition activists and government critics have been <a href="/wiki/Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Efforts_to_combat_misinformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic">arrested</a> for allegedly spreading <a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">fake news</a> about the COVID-19 pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-20200410straitstimes_658-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200410straitstimes-658">[656]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In India, journalists criticising the government\'s response were arrested or issued warnings by police and authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-659" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-659">[657]</a></sup> Rates of imprisoned or detained journalists increased worldwide, with some being related to the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-660" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-660">[658]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-661" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-661">[659]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Agriculture_and_food_systems">Agriculture and food systems</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>\n<p>The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted agricultural and food systems worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_662-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-662">[660]</a></sup> COVID-19 hit at a time when hunger or undernourishment was once again on the rise in the world, with an estimated 690 million people already going hungry in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_663-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-663">[661]</a></sup> Based on the latest UN estimates, the economic recession triggered by the pandemic may lead to another 83 million people, and possibly as many as 132 million, going hungry in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_663-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-663">[661]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-M3hAF_664-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M3hAF-664">[662]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6HCSA_665-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6HCSA-665">[663]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-XRNlH_666-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XRNlH-666">[664]</a></sup> This is mainly due to a lack of access to food \xe2\x80\x93 linked to falling incomes, lost remittances and, in some cases, a rise in food prices. In countries that already suffer from high levels of acute food insecurity, it is no longer an issue of access to food alone, but increasingly also one of food production.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_662-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-662">[660]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_663-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-663">[661]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The pandemic, alongside lockdowns and travel restrictions, has prevented movement of aid and greatly impacted food production. As a result, several famines are forecast, which the UN called a crisis "of biblical proportions,"<sup id="cite_ref-Fiona_Harvey_Environment_667-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fiona_Harvey_Environment-667">[665]</a></sup> or "hunger pandemic."<sup id="cite_ref-aX3dG_668-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aX3dG-668">[666]</a></sup> It is estimated that without intervention 30 million people may die of hunger, with <a href="/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a> reporting that "12,000 people per day could die from COVID-19 linked hunger" by the end of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:Oxfam_12000_669-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Oxfam_12000-669">[667]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fiona_Harvey_Environment_667-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fiona_Harvey_Environment-667">[665]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-M756t_670-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M756t-670">[668]</a></sup>\nThis pandemic, in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932021_locust_infestation" title="2019\xe2\x80\x932021 locust infestation">2019\xe2\x80\x932021 locust infestations</a> and several <a href="/wiki/Ongoing_armed_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Ongoing armed conflicts">ongoing armed conflicts</a>, is predicted to form the worst series of famines since the <a href="/wiki/Great_Chinese_Famine" title="Great Chinese Famine">Great Chinese Famine</a>, affecting between 10 and 20 per cent of the global population in some way.<sup id="cite_ref-drZJx_671-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drZJx-671">[669]</a></sup>\n55 countries are reported to be at risk, with three dozen succumbing to crisis-level famines or above in the worst-case scenario.<sup id="cite_ref-UN_Food_Report_672-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_Food_Report-672">[670]</a></sup> 265 million people are forecast to be in famine conditions, an increase of 125 million due to the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-:Oxfam_12000_669-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Oxfam_12000-669">[667]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Education">Education</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education</a></div>\n<div class="excerpt">The pandemic has severely impacted educational systems globally. Most governments have temporarily closed educational institutions, with many switching to <a href="/wiki/Online_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Online education">online education</a>. As of September 2020, approximately 1.077 billion <a href="/wiki/Learning" title="Learning">learners</a> were affected due to school closures in response to the pandemic. According to UNICEF monitoring, as of March 2020, 53 countries had closed all schools and 27 some, impacting about 61.6 per cent of the world\'s student population.<sup id="cite_ref-ynkmU_673-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ynkmU-673">[671]</a></sup> School closures impact not only students, teachers, and families but have far-reaching economic and societal consequences. They shed light on social and economic issues, including <a href="/wiki/Student_debt" title="Student debt">student debt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_learning" title="Digital learning">digital learning</a>, food insecurity, and <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homelessness</a>, as well as access to <a href="/wiki/Child_care" title="Child care">childcare</a>, health care, housing, internet, and <a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_movement" title="Disability rights movement">disability services</a>. The impact has been more severe for disadvantaged children and their families.<sup id="cite_ref-674" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-674">[672]</a></sup>\n<div class="excerpt"><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg/220px-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg/330px-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg/440px-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="609" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Students take end-of-year exams in <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>, Iran, during the pandemic</div></div></div>\n<p>The Higher Education Policy Institute conducted a report which discovered that around 63% of students claimed that their mental health had been worsened as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and alongside this 38% demonstrated satisfaction with the accessibility of mental health services. Despite this, the director for policy and advocacy at the institute has explained that it is still unclear as to how and when normality will resume for students regarding their education and living situation.<sup id="cite_ref-675" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-675">[673]</a></sup>\n</p>\n</div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_health_issues">Other health issues</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>\n<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">\n<p>The pandemic has had many impacts on global health beyond those caused by the COVID-19 disease itself. It has led to a reduction in hospital visits for other reasons. There have been 38 per cent fewer hospital visits for <a href="/wiki/Heart_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart attack">heart attack</a> symptoms in the United States and 40 per cent fewer in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-676" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-676">[674]</a></sup> The head of cardiology at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona">University of Arizona</a> said, "My worry is some of these people are dying at home because they\'re too scared to go to the hospital."<sup id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Stat_News,_with_serious_heart_symptoms_away,_April_23_677-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Stat_News,_with_serious_heart_symptoms_away,_April_23-677">[675]</a></sup> There is also concern that people with <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">strokes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Appendicitis" title="Appendicitis">appendicitis</a> are not seeking timely treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Stat_News,_with_serious_heart_symptoms_away,_April_23_677-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Stat_News,_with_serious_heart_symptoms_away,_April_23-677">[675]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages</a> of medical supplies have impacted people with various conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Atlantic_Shortages_678-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Atlantic_Shortages-678">[676]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In several countries there has been a marked reduction of spread of <a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">sexually transmitted infections</a>, including <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>, attributable to COVID-19 quarantines, social distancing measures, and recommendations to not engage in casual sex.<sup id="cite_ref-679" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-679">[677]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-680" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-680">[678]</a></sup> Similarly, in some places, rates of transmission of <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a> and other respiratory viruses significantly decreased during the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-681" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-681">[679]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-682" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-682">[680]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-683" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-683">[681]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The pandemic has also <a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">negatively impacted mental health</a> globally, including increased <a href="/wiki/Loneliness" title="Loneliness">loneliness</a> resulting from social distancing<sup id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Brooks26Feb2020_684-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Brooks26Feb2020-684">[682]</a></sup> and depression and domestic violence from lockdowns.<sup id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_98XVx_685-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_98XVx-685">[683]</a></sup> As of June 2020, 40% of U.S. adults were experiencing adverse mental health symptoms, with 11% having seriously considered trying to kill themselves in the past month.<sup id="cite_ref-686" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-686">[684]</a></sup>\n</p>\nPaying attention and taking measures to prevent mental health problems and post-traumatic stress syndrome, particularly in women, is already a need.<sup id="cite_ref-687" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-687">[685]</a></sup></div></div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Environment_and_climate">Environment and climate</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment</a></div>\n<div class="excerpt"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none"> COVID-19 pandemic on environmental issues and Earth\'s climate</div>\n<p class="mw-empty-elt">\n\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png/330px-Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="273" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png/495px-Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png/660px-Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="595" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Images from the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Earth_Observatory" title="NASA Earth Observatory">NASA Earth Observatory</a> show a stark drop in pollution in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, when comparing <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide" title="Nitrogen dioxide">NO<sub>2</sub></a> levels in early 2019 (top) and early 2020 (bottom).<sup id="cite_ref-688" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-688">[686]</a></sup></div></div></div>\n<p>The worldwide disruption caused by the pandemic resulted in numerous positive effects to the <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">environment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Heidari_1\xe2\x80\x931_689-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heidari_1\xe2\x80\x931-689">[687]</a></sup> The global reduction in modern human activity such as the considerable <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Transportation" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">decline in planned travel</a> was coined <a href="/wiki/Anthropause" title="Anthropause">anthropause</a> and has caused a large drop in <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">water pollution</a> in many regions.<sup id="cite_ref-Heidari_1\xe2\x80\x931_689-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heidari_1\xe2\x80\x931-689">[687]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-690" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-690">[688]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-691" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-691">[689]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbcOverview1_692-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcOverview1-692">[690]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-693" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-693">[691]</a></sup> In China, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_Hubei" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 lockdown in Hubei">lockdowns</a> and other measures resulted in a 25<span class="nowrap"> </span>percent reduction in <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">carbon emissions</a> and<span class="nowrap"> </span>50 percent reduction in nitrogen oxides emissions, which one <a href="/wiki/Earth_system_science" title="Earth system science">Earth systems</a> scientist estimated may have saved at least 77,000 lives over two months.<sup id="cite_ref-mdpi_694-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mdpi-694">[692]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DIm4R_695-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIm4R-695">[693]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GFEED_696-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFEED-696">[694]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mcmahon_697-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcmahon-697">[695]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Other positive effects on the environment include <a href="/wiki/Governance" title="Governance">governance</a>-system-controlled investments towards a <a href="/wiki/Energy_transition" title="Energy transition">sustainable energy transition</a> and other goals related to environmental protection such as the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>\'s seven-year \xe2\x82\xac1 trillion budget proposal and \xe2\x82\xac750 billion recovery plan "<a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_EU" title="Next Generation EU">Next Generation EU</a>" which seeks to reserve 25 percent of EU spending for climate-friendly expenditure.<sup id="cite_ref-698" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-698">[696]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-699" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-699">[697]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-700" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-700">[698]</a></sup>\n</p><p>However, some human activity during the pandemic also provided cover for illegal activities such as <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_of_the_Amazon_rainforest" title="Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest">deforestation of the Amazon rainforest</a> and increased <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a> in Africa. The hindering of <a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy" title="Environmental policy">environmental diplomacy</a> efforts in combination of <a href="/wiki/Late_capitalism" title="Late capitalism">late capitalism</a> also created <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">economic fallout</a> that some predict will slow investment in <a href="/wiki/Green_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Green energy">green energy</a> technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-Poaching1_701-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poaching1-701">[699]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Poaching2_702-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poaching2-702">[700]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN_703-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN-703">[701]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Amazon1_704-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amazon1-704">[702]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Amazon2_705-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amazon2-705">[703]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9mMFi_706-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9mMFi-706">[704]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This claim has too many footnotes for reading to be smooth. (October 2021)">excessive citations</span></a></i>]</sup>\n</p>\n</div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Discrimination_and_prejudice">Discrimination and prejudice</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>\n<p>Heightened prejudice, xenophobia, and racism have been documented around the world <a href="/wiki/Sinophobe" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinophobe">toward people of Chinese and East Asian descent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-251_707-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-251-707">[705]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zogcf_708-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zogcf-708">[706]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8BY2Y_709-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8BY2Y-709">[707]</a></sup> Reports from February 2020 (when most confirmed cases were confined to China) documented racist sentiments expressed in groups worldwide about Chinese people \'deserving\' the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-bangkokpost1854094_710-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bangkokpost1854094-710">[708]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-psychologytoday202002_711-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psychologytoday202002-711">[709]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200201telegraph_712-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200201telegraph-712">[710]</a></sup> Chinese people and other Asian peoples in the United Kingdom and United States have reported increasing levels of racist abuse and assaults.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_Racism_713-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Racism-713">[711]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-05O7n_714-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-05O7n-714">[712]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_April_Racism_715-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_April_Racism-715">[713]</a></sup> Former US President Donald Trump was criticised for referring to the COVID-19 as the "Chinese Virus" and "Kung Flu", which has been condemned as racist and xenophobic.<sup id="cite_ref-trumpnyt_716-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trumpnyt-716">[714]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200320BI_717-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200320BI-717">[715]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MNCw4_718-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MNCw4-718">[716]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Age-based discrimination against older adults, while already present before the pandemic, was more prevalent during the pandemic. This has been attributed to their perceived vulnerability to the virus and subsequent physical and social isolation measures, which, coupled with their already reduced social activity, has increased dependency on others. Similarly, limited digital literacy has left the elderly more vulnerable to the effects of isolation, depression, and loneliness.<sup id="cite_ref-719" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-719">[717]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lifestyle_changes">Lifestyle changes</span></h3>\n<p>The pandemic has resulted in many people adapting to massive changes in life, from increased internet commerce activity to the job market. Social distancing has caused increased sales from large e-commerce companies such as <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coupang" title="Coupang">Coupang</a>. Online retailers in the US posted 791.70 billion dollars in sales in 2020, an increase of 32.4% from 598.02 billion dollars from the year before.<sup id="cite_ref-DDCV1ECMR_720-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DDCV1ECMR-720">[718]</a></sup> The trend of home delivery orders have increased due to the pandemic, with indoor dining restaurants shutting down due to lockdown orders or low sales.<sup id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty783_721-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty783-721">[719]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty784_722-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty784-722">[720]</a></sup> Hackers and cybercriminals/scammers have started targeting people due to the massive changes, with some pretending to be part of the CDC, and others using different phishing schemes.<sup id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty787_723-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty787-723">[721]</a></sup> Education worldwide has increasingly shifted from physical attendance to video conferencing apps such as Zoom as lockdown measures have resulted in schools being forced to shut down.<sup id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty790_724-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty790-724">[722]</a></sup> Due to the pandemic, mass layoffs have occurred in the airline, travel, hospitality, and some other industries. (There were no signs of permanent recovery as of May 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.)<sup id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty6966_725-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty6966-725">[723]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty9999_726-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty9999-726">[724]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Information_dissemination">Information dissemination</span></h2>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism</a></div>\n<p>Ongoing COVID-19 research is indexed and searchable in the <a href="/wiki/NIH" class="mw-redirect" title="NIH">NIH</a> COVID-19 Portfolio.<sup id="cite_ref-Zygy7_727-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zygy7-727">[725]</a></sup> Some newspaper agencies removed their online <a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="Paywall">paywalls</a> for some or all of their COVID-19-related articles and posts,<sup id="cite_ref-Paywalls_728-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paywalls-728">[726]</a></sup> while scientific publishers made scientific papers related to the outbreak available with <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-255_729-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-255-729">[727]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Aristovnik_et_al._2020_730-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aristovnik_et_al._2020-730">[728]</a></sup> Some scientists chose to share their results quickly on <a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">preprint</a> servers such as <a href="/wiki/BioRxiv" title="BioRxiv">bioRxiv</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-256_731-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-256-731">[729]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Maps have played a key role in disseminating information concerning the spatial distribution of the disease, especially with the development of dashboards to present data in near real-time. Methods of data visualisation have drawn some criticism, however, in the over-simplification of geographical patterns indicated by choropleth maps that adopt national, rather than local, map scales.<sup id="cite_ref-732" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-732">[730]</a></sup>\n</p><p><span class="anchor" id="Disinformation"></span>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Misinformation">Misinformation</span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a></div>\n<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">\n<p><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a> refers to any kind of subject about the COVID-19 pandemic that has resulted in <a href="/wiki/Misinformation" title="Misinformation">misinformation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theories</a> about the scale of the pandemic and the <a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">origin</a>, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">the disease</a>. False information, including intentional <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a>, has been <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media#Misinformation" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">spread through social media</a>, text messaging,<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_misinformation_FTTextMsg_733-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_misinformation_FTTextMsg-733">[731]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">mass media</a>. False information has been propagated by celebrities, politicians, and other prominent public figures. Multiple countries have passed laws against "fake news", and thousands of people have been arrested for spreading COVID-19 misinformation. The spread of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments" title="COVID-19 misinformation by governments">COVID-19 misinformation by governments</a> has also been significant.\n</p><p>Commercial <a href="/wiki/Confidence_trick" title="Confidence trick">scams</a> have claimed to offer <a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">at-home tests, supposed preventives, and "miracle" cures</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-734" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-734">[732]</a></sup> Several religious groups have claimed their faith will protect them from the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-735" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-735">[733]</a></sup> Without evidence, some people have claimed the virus is a <a href="/wiki/Bioweapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioweapon">bioweapon</a> accidentally or deliberately leaked from a laboratory, a <a href="/wiki/Human_population_planning" title="Human population planning">population control</a> scheme, the result of a <a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">spy operation</a>, or the side effect of <a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> upgrades to cellular networks.<sup id="cite_ref-736" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-736">[734]</a></sup>\n</p>\nThe <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) declared an "infodemic" of incorrect information about the virus that poses risks to global health.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_misinformation_Lowy_737-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_misinformation_Lowy-737">[735]</a></sup> While belief in conspiracy theories is not a new phenomenon, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this can lead to adverse health effects. Cognitive biases, such as jumping to conclusions and confirmation bias, may be linked to the occurrence of conspiracy beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-738" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-738">[736]</a></sup> In addition to health effects, harms resulting from the spread of misinformation and endorsement of conspiracy theories include increasing distrust of news organizations and medical authorities as well as divisiveness and political fragmentation.<sup id="cite_ref-739" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-739">[737]</a></sup></div></div>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_infectious_disease" title="Emerging infectious disease">Emerging infectious disease</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_disease" title="Globalization and disease">Globalization and disease</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_epidemics" title="List of epidemics">List of epidemics</a></li></ul>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span></h2>\n<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">\n<li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some refer to \'fatality rate\'; however \'fatality ratio\' is more accurate as this is not per unit time.<sup id="cite_ref-WHOest_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOest-90">[90]</a></sup></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-491"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-491">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A lack of mass testing obscured the extent of the outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_WhoriskeyMarch16_490-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_WhoriskeyMarch16-490">[489]</a></sup></span>\n</li>\n</ol></div>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">\n<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">\n<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\\"""\\"""\'""\'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFZoumpourlisGoulielmakiRizosBaliou2020" class="citation journal cs1">Zoumpourlis V, Goulielmaki M, Rizos E, Baliou S, Spandidos DA (October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453598">"[Comment] The COVID\xe2\x80\x9119 pandemic as a scientific and social challenge in the 21st century"</a>. <i>Molecular Medicine Reports</i>. <b>22</b> (4): 3035\xe2\x80\x933048. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3892%2Fmmr.2020.11393">10.3892/mmr.2020.11393</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453598">7453598</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32945405">32945405</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Medicine+Reports&rft.atitle=%5BComment%5D+The+COVID%E2%80%9119+pandemic+as+a+scientific+and+social+challenge+in+the+21st+century&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=3035-3048&rft.date=2020-10&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7453598%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32945405&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3892%2Fmmr.2020.11393&rft.aulast=Zoumpourlis&rft.aufirst=V&rft.au=Goulielmaki%2C+M&rft.au=Rizos%2C+E&rft.au=Baliou%2C+S&rft.au=Spandidos%2C+DA&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7453598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-who-origins-20210330-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-who-origins-20210330_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-who-origins-20210330_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-convened-global-study-of-origins-of-sars-cov-2-china-part">"WHO-convened global study of origins of SARS-CoV-2: China Part"</a>. 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class="citation journal cs1">Zhang T, Wu Q, Zhang Z (April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7156161">"Probable Pangolin Origin of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with the COVID-19 Outbreak"</a>. <i>Current Biology</i>. <b>30</b> (7): 1346\xe2\x80\x931351.e2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2020.03.022">10.1016/j.cub.2020.03.022</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7156161">7156161</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32197085">32197085</a>.</cite><span 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href="https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/SARS-CoV-2-risk-assessment-14-feb-2020.pdf">"Outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\xe2\x80\x91CoV\xe2\x80\x912): increased transmission beyond China \xe2\x80\x93 fourth update"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Outbreak+of+severe+acute+respiratory+syndrome+coronavirus+2+%28SARS%E2%80%91CoV%E2%80%912%29%3A+increased+transmission+beyond+China+%E2%80%93+fourth+update&rft.pub=European+Centre+for+Disease+Prevention+and+Control&rft.date=2020-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecdc.europa.eu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2FSARS-CoV-2-risk-assessment-14-feb-2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources:\n<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-03/sri-tcc031720.php">"The COVID-19 coronavirus epidemic has a natural origin, scientists say \xe2\x80\x93 Scripps Research\'s analysis of public genome sequence data from SARS\xe2\x80\x91CoV\xe2\x80\x912 and related viruses found no evidence that the virus was made in a laboratory or otherwise engineered"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/EurekAlert!" class="mw-redirect" title="EurekAlert!">EurekAlert!</a></i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/20/business/media/steve-bannon-china.html">the original</a> on 30 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Steve+Bannon+and+a+Chinese+Billionaire+Created+a+Right-Wing+Coronavirus+Media+Sensation&rft.date=2020-11-20&rft.aulast=Qin&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Wang%2C+V&rft.au=Hakim%2C+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F11%2F20%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fsteve-bannon-china.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources:\n<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFFrutosGavotteDevaux2021" class="citation journal cs1">Frutos R, Gavotte L, Devaux CA (March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7969828">"Understanding the origin of COVID-19 requires to change the paradigm on zoonotic emergence from the spillover to the circulation model"</a>. <i>Infection, Genetics and Evolution</i>. <b>95</b>: 104812. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.meegid.2021.104812">10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104812</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7969828">7969828</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33744401">33744401</a>. 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href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/24/world/middleeast/coronavirus-iran.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">\'</span>Recipe for a Massive Viral Outbreak\': Iran Emerges as a Worldwide Threat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Recipe+for+a+Massive+Viral+Outbreak%27%3A+Iran+Emerges+as+a+Worldwide+Threat&rft.date=2020-02-24&rft.aulast=Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=DD&rft.au=Fassihi%2C+F&rft.au=Mashal%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F02%2F24%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fcoronavirus-iran.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-newyorker-347"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newyorker_347-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+Korea+to+impose+mandatory+coronavirus+quarantine+on+all+arrivals&rft.pub=Yahoo%21+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fsouth-korea-reports-105-coronavirus-013830705.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-U0Hrf-377"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-U0Hrf_377-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2020-04-01/over-100-countries-ask-south-korea-for-coronavirus-testing-help-official">"Over 100 Countries Ask South Korea for Coronavirus Testing Help"</a>. <i>U.S. News & World Report</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Europe+is+epicenter+of+coronavirus+pandemic%3A+WHO&rft.date=2020-03-13&rft.aulast=Nebehay&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-health-coronavirus-who%2Feurope-is-epicenter-of-coronavirus-pandemic-who-idUSKBN2102Q0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-381"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-381">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51876784">"Coronavirus: Europe now epicentre of the pandemic, says WHO"</a>. BBC. 13 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coronavirus%3A+Europe+now+epicentre+of+the+pandemic%2C+says+WHO&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2020-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-51876784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-382"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-382">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFFeuer2020" class="citation news cs1">Feuer, Will (22 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/22/south-america-is-a-new-epicenter-of-the-coronavirus-pandemic-who-says.html">"South America is a \'new epicenter\' of the coronavirus pandemic, WHO says"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=South+America+is+a+%27new+epicenter%27+of+the+coronavirus+pandemic%2C+WHO+says&rft.date=2020-05-22&rft.aulast=Feuer&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2020%2F05%2F22%2Fsouth-america-is-a-new-epicenter-of-the-coronavirus-pandemic-who-says.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-383"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-383">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREF@MeGovernment2020" class="citation web cs1">@MeGovernment (17 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/MeGovernment/status/1239992049350447104">"Two COVID-19 cases confirmed in Montenegro"</a> (Tweet)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(July 2021)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe_jhumap-388"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe_jhumap_388-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html">"COVID-19 Map"</a>. <i>Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Johns+Hopkins+Coronavirus+Resource+Center&rft.atitle=COVID-19+Map&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoronavirus.jhu.edu%2Fmap.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-HFR3b-389"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HFR3b_389-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFFarzanHassanNoackBeachum" class="citation web cs1">Farzan AN, Hassan J, Noack R, Beachum L, Hawkins D, Bellware K, O\'Grady S, Shaban H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/08/21/coronavirus-covid-live-updates-us/?outputType=amp">"Live updates: Coronavirus cases rise in young people in Europe as U.S. colleges try to crack down on parties"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2020</span>. <q>Now the Italian College of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) has published guidelines for the criteria doctors and nurses should follow in these extraordinary circumstances. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2020</span>. <q>... the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care, who co-authored new guidelines on how to prioritize treatment of coronavirus cases in hospitals ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Italian+doctors+on+coronavirus+frontline+face+tough+calls+on+whom+to+save&rft.date=2020-03-11&rft.aulast=Privitera&rft.aufirst=G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fcoronavirus-italy-doctors-tough-calls-survival%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-To26Y-412"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-To26Y_412-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/coronavirus-italy-death-toll-how-many-people-cases-map-china-a9412156.html">"Italy coronavirus death toll overtakes China"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 19 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Italy+coronavirus+death+toll+overtakes+China&rft.date=2020-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fcoronavirus-italy-death-toll-how-many-people-cases-map-china-a9412156.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-ClzT6-413"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ClzT6_413-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.protezionecivile.gov.it/media-comunicazione/comunicati-stampa/dettaglio/-/asset_publisher/default/content/coronavirus-sono-33-190-i-positivi">"Coronavirus: sono 33.190 i positivi \xe2\x80\x93 Comunicato Stampa"</a>. <i>Dipartimento della Protezione Civile</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dipartimento+della+Protezione+Civile&rft.atitle=Coronavirus%3A+sono+33.190+i+positivi+%E2%80%93+Comunicato+Stampa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.protezionecivile.gov.it%2Fmedia-comunicazione%2Fcomunicati-stampa%2Fdettaglio%2F-%2Fasset_publisher%2Fdefault%2Fcontent%2Fcoronavirus-sono-33-190-i-positivi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-20200323euractiv-414"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20200323euractiv_414-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/from-russia-with-love-putin-sends-aid-to-italy-to-fight-virus/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">\'</span>From Russia with Love\': Putin sends aid to Italy to fight virus"</a>. 23 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27From+Russia+with+Love%27%3A+Putin+sends+aid+to+Italy+to+fight+virus&rft.date=2020-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euractiv.com%2Fsection%2Fglobal-europe%2Fnews%2Ffrom-russia-with-love-putin-sends-aid-to-italy-to-fight-virus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-PJt9i-415"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PJt9i_415-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/28/europe/italy-coronavirus-cases-surpass-china-intl/index.html">"Italy\'s coronavirus death toll passes 10,000. 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Lowy Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Interpreter&rft.atitle=Disinformation+and+coronavirus&rft.date=2020-03-25&rft.aulast=Kassam&rft.aufirst=N&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lowyinstitute.org%2Fthe-interpreter%2Fdisinformation-and-coronavirus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-738"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-738">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFKuhnLiebFreemanAndreou2021" class="citation journal cs1">Kuhn SA, Lieb R, Freeman D, Andreou C, Zander-Schellenberg T (March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8027560">"Coronavirus conspiracy beliefs in the German-speaking general population: endorsement rates and links to reasoning biases and paranoia"</a>. <i>Psychological Medicine</i>: 1\xe2\x80\x9315. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0033291721001124">10.1017/S0033291721001124</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8027560">8027560</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33722315">33722315</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychological+Medicine&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+conspiracy+beliefs+in+the+German-speaking+general+population%3A+endorsement+rates+and+links+to+reasoning+biases+and+paranoia&rft.pages=1-15&rft.date=2021-03&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8027560%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33722315&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0033291721001124&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.au=Lieb%2C+R&rft.au=Freeman%2C+D&rft.au=Andreou%2C+C&rft.au=Zander-Schellenberg%2C+T&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8027560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-739"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-739">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRadford2020" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Radford" title="Benjamin Radford">Radford B</a> (November\xe2\x80\x93December 2020). 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Amherst, New York: <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Inquiry" title="Center for Inquiry">Center for Inquiry</a>. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Conspiracy+Theories+Grow+as+COVID-19+Spreads&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2020-11%2F2020-12&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></span>\n</li>\n</ol></div></div>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span></h2>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011217839">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em">\n<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fd41586-020-02414-1">"Progress report on the coronavirus pandemic"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>584</b> (7821): 325. August 2020. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fd41586-020-02414-1">10.1038/d41586-020-02414-1</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32814893">32814893</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Progress+report+on+the+coronavirus+pandemic&rft.volume=584&rft.issue=7821&rft.pages=325&rft.date=2020-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fd41586-020-02414-1&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32814893&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fd41586-020-02414-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></li>\n<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFTayPohR\xc3\xa9niaMacAry2020" class="citation journal cs1">Tay MZ, Poh CM, R\xc3\xa9nia L, MacAry PA, Ng LF (June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7187672">"The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention"</a>. <i>Nature Reviews. Immunology</i>. <b>20</b> (6): 363\xe2\x80\x93374. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41577-020-0311-8">10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7187672">7187672</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32346093">32346093</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews.+Immunology&rft.atitle=The+trinity+of+COVID-19%3A+immunity%2C+inflammation+and+intervention&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=363-374&rft.date=2020-06&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7187672%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32346093&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41577-020-0311-8&rft.aulast=Tay&rft.aufirst=MZ&rft.au=Poh%2C+CM&rft.au=R%C3%A9nia%2C+L&rft.au=MacAry%2C+PA&rft.au=Ng%2C+LF&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7187672&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></li>\n<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/covid-19-infection-prevention-and-control-primary-care">COVID-19 infection prevention and control measures for primary care, including general practitioner practices, dental clinics and pharmacy settings: first update</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Disease_Prevention_and_Control" title="European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control">European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control</a> (ECDC)</i> (Report). October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=COVID-19+infection+prevention+and+control+measures+for+primary+care%2C+including+general+practitioner+practices%2C+dental+clinics+and+pharmacy+settings%3A+first+update&rft.date=2020-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecdc.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fpublications-data%2Fcovid-19-infection-prevention-and-control-primary-care&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></li>\n<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation journal cs1">Bar-On YM, Flamholz A, Phillips R, Milo R (April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7224694">"SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) by the numbers"</a>. <i>eLife</i>. <b>9</b>. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/2003.12886">2003.12886</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020arXiv200312886B">2020arXiv200312886B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7554%2FeLife.57309">10.7554/eLife.57309</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7224694">7224694</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32228860">32228860</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=eLife&rft.atitle=SARS-CoV-2+%28COVID-19%29+by+the+numbers&rft.volume=9&rft.date=2020-04&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7224694%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020arXiv200312886B&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2003.12886&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32228860&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7554%2FeLife.57309&rft.aulast=Bar-On&rft.aufirst=YM&rft.au=Flamholz%2C+A&rft.au=Phillips%2C+R&rft.au=Milo%2C+R&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7224694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></li>\n<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation journal cs1">Br\xc3\xbcssow H (May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7111068">"The Novel Coronavirus - A Snapshot of Current Knowledge"</a>. <i>Microbial Biotechnology</i>. <b>13</b> (3): 607\xe2\x80\x93612. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1751-7915.13557">10.1111/1751-7915.13557</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7111068">7111068</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32144890">32144890</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=The+Novel+Coronavirus+-+A+Snapshot+of+Current+Knowledge&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=607-612&rft.date=2020-05&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7111068%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32144890&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1751-7915.13557&rft.aulast=Br%C3%BCssow&rft.aufirst=H&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7111068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></li>\n<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCascellaRajnikAleemDulebohn2020" class="citation book cs1">Cascella M, Rajnik M, Aleem A, Dulebohn S, Di Napoli R (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776/">"Features, Evaluation, and Treatment of Coronavirus"</a>. <i>StatPearls</i>. StatPearls Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Features%2C+Evaluation%2C+and+Treatment+of+Coronavirus&rft.btitle=StatPearls&rft.pub=StatPearls+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Cascella&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Rajnik%2C+M&rft.au=Aleem%2C+A&rft.au=Dulebohn%2C+S&rft.au=Di+Napoli%2C+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK554776%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></li>\n<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFFunkLaferri\xc3\xa8reArdakani2020" class="citation journal cs1">Funk CD, Laferri\xc3\xa8re C, Ardakani A (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7317023">"A Snapshot of the Global Race for Vaccines Targeting SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 Pandemic"</a>. <i>Frontiers in Pharmacology</i>. <b>11</b>: 937. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffphar.2020.00937">10.3389/fphar.2020.00937</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7317023">7317023</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32636754">32636754</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=A+Snapshot+of+the+Global+Race+for+Vaccines+Targeting+SARS-CoV-2+and+the+COVID-19+Pandemic&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=937&rft.date=2020&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7317023%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32636754&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffphar.2020.00937&rft.aulast=Funk&rft.aufirst=CD&rft.au=Laferri%C3%A8re%2C+C&rft.au=Ardakani%2C+A&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7317023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></li>\n<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/media/139638/download">"Development and Licensure of Vaccines to Prevent COVID-19"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA)</i>. June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/development-and-licensure-vaccines-prevent-covid-19">Lay summary</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.atitle=Development+and+Licensure+of+Vaccines+to+Prevent+COVID-19&rft.date=2020-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fmedia%2F139638%2Fdownload&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></li>\n<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBirhaneBresslerChangClark2021" class="citation journal cs1">Birhane M, Bressler S, Chang G, Clark T, Dorough L, Fischer M, et al. (May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8158893">"COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reported to CDC - United States, January 1-April 30, 2021"</a>. <i>MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report</i>. <b>70</b> (21): 792\xe2\x80\x93793. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15585%2Fmmwr.mm7021e3">10.15585/mmwr.mm7021e3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8158893">8158893</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34043615">34043615</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+Mortality+Weekly+Report&rft.atitle=COVID-19+Vaccine+Breakthrough+Infections+Reported+to+CDC+-+United+States%2C+January+1-April+30%2C+2021&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=792-793&rft.date=2021-05&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8158893%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34043615&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15585%2Fmmwr.mm7021e3&rft.aulast=Birhane&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Bressler%2C+S&rft.au=Chang%2C+G&rft.au=Clark%2C+T&rft.au=Dorough%2C+L&rft.au=Fischer%2C+M&rft.au=Watkins%2C+LF&rft.au=Goldstein%2C+JM&rft.au=Kugeler%2C+K&rft.au=Langley%2C+G&rft.au=Lecy%2C+K&rft.au=Martin%2C+K&rft.au=Medalla%2C+F&rft.au=Mitruka%2C+K&rft.au=Nolen%2C+L&rft.au=Sadigh%2C+K&rft.au=Spratling%2C+R&rft.au=Thompson%2C+G&rft.au=Trujillo%2C+A&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8158893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></li>\n<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBieksieneZaveckieneMalakauskasVaguliene2021" class="citation journal cs1">Bieksiene K, Zaveckiene J, Malakauskas K, Vaguliene N, Zemaitis M, Miliauskas S (March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8003092">"Post COVID-19 Organizing Pneumonia: The Right Time to Interfere"</a>. <i>Medicina</i>. <b>57</b> (3): 283. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmedicina57030283">10.3390/medicina57030283</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8003092">8003092</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33803690">33803690</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medicina&rft.atitle=Post+COVID-19+Organizing+Pneumonia%3A+The+Right+Time+to+Interfere&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=283&rft.date=2021-03&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8003092%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33803690&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fmedicina57030283&rft.aulast=Bieksiene&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Zaveckiene%2C+J&rft.au=Malakauskas%2C+K&rft.au=Vaguliene%2C+N&rft.au=Zemaitis%2C+M&rft.au=Miliauskas%2C+S&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8003092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></li>\n<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFChenAllotLu2021" class="citation journal cs1">Chen, Qingyu; Allot, Alexis; Lu, Zhiyong (8 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7778958">"LitCovid: an open database of COVID-19 literature"</a>. <i>Nucleic Acids Research</i>. <b>49</b> (D1): D1534\xe2\x80\x93D1540. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkaa952">10.1093/nar/gkaa952</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1362-4962">1362-4962</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7778958">7778958</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33166392">33166392</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=LitCovid%3A+an+open+database+of+COVID-19+literature&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=D1&rft.pages=D1534-D1540&rft.date=2021-01-08&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7778958%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1362-4962&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33166392&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkaa952&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Qingyu&rft.au=Allot%2C+Alexis&rft.au=Lu%2C+Zhiyong&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7778958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>\n</div>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>\n<table role="presentation" class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">\n<tbody><tr>\n<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/40px-Scholia_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="39" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/60px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/80px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="104" /></td>\n<td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Scholia" class="extiw" title="d:Wikidata:Scholia">Scholia</a> has a profile for <a href="https://iw.toolforge.org/scholia/Q81068910" class="extiw" title="toolforge:scholia/Q81068910"><b>COVID-19 pandemic <small>(Q81068910)</small></b></a>.</td></tr>\n</tbody></table>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Health_agencies">Health agencies</span></h3>\n<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019">COVID-19</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses">Questions & Answers</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbpi6ZahtOH5PLTT1yfXxcxDsNM40N1uG">instructional videos</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters">Facts/MythBusters</a>) by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO)</li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/coronavirus-disease-covid-19.html">COVID-19</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a></li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.nhc.gov.cn/antivirusfight.html">COVID-19</a> by the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Commission" title="National Health Commission">National Health Commission</a>, China</li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/novel-coronavirus-china">COVID-19</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/novel-coronavirus-china/questions-answers">Q&A</a>) by the <a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Disease_Prevention_and_Control" title="European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control">European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control</a></li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19">COVID-19</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19/faqs">Q&A</a>) by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Health">Ministry of Health</a>, Singapore</li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html">COVID-19</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/index.html">Q&A</a>) by the US <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC)</li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/emres/2019_ncov.html">Coronavirus Disease 2019</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-130/pdfs/2018-130.pdf?id=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2018130">Q&A</a>) by the US <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> (NIOSH)</li></ul>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Directories">Directories</span></h3>\n<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Respiratory_Disorders/COVID-19/">COVID-19 Directory on Curlie</a></li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openmd.com/directory/covid-19">COVID-19 Resource Directory on OpenMD</a></li></ul>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Data_and_graphs">Data and graphs</span></h3>\n<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/">Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation reports</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://who.sprinklr.com/">map</a> by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO)</li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/">COVID-19 Resource Center</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html">map</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19">historical data</a> by <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a></li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/data">COVID-19 data sets</a> published by the <a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Disease_Prevention_and_Control" title="European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control">European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control</a> (ECDC)</li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://covid.observer">COVID-19 Observer</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> data</li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus">COVID-19 Statistics and Research</a> published by <a href="/wiki/Our_World_in_Data" title="Our World in Data">Our World in Data</a></li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statnews.com/feature/coronavirus/covid-19-tracker/">COVID-19 Tracker</a> from <a href="/wiki/Stat_(website)" title="Stat (website)">Stat News</a></li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://covid19.healthdata.org/global">COVID-19 Projections</a> for many countries published by <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Health_Metrics_and_Evaluation" title="Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</a></li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://covid19comparisongraphs.webador.co.uk/">Spreadsheets: Country comparisons</a></li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gabgoh.github.io/COVID/index.html">Epidemic Calculator</a></li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unwfp.maps.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/42b8837bb25049b9b1f69a9555d55808">World Travel Restrictions</a> based on <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> (WFP) data</li></ul>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Medical_journals">Medical journals</span></h3>\n<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nejm.org/coronavirus">Coronavirus (COVID-19)</a> by <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine">The New England Journal of Medicine</a></i></li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmj.com/coronavirus">Coronavirus (COVID-19) Hub</a> by <a href="/wiki/BMJ_(company)" title="BMJ (company)">BMJ Publishing Group</a></li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/pages/coronavirus-alert">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a> by <i><a href="/wiki/JAMA_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="JAMA (journal)">JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association</a></i></li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/">COVID-19: Novel Coronavirus Outbreak</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley Publishing</a></li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.plos.org/covid-19">COVID-19 pandemic (2019\xe2\x80\x9320) Collection</a> by <a href="/wiki/Public_Library_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Library of Science">Public Library of Science</a> (PLOS)</li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icite.od.nih.gov/covid19/search/">COVID-19 Portfolio</a>, a curated collection of publications and preprints by <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> (NIH)</li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/campaigns/coronavirus">COVID-19 Research Highlights</a> by <a href="/wiki/Springer_Nature" title="Springer Nature">Springer Nature</a></li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelancet.com/coronavirus">COVID-19 Resource Centre</a> by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a></i></li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center">Novel Coronavirus Information Center</a> by <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a></li></ul>\n<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="COVID-19_pandemic" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic" title="Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="COVID-19_pandemic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">COVID-19 pandemic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_COVID-19_(disease)_*_SARS-CoV-2_(virus)">\n<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a></b> (disease)</li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">SARS-CoV-2</a></b> (virus)</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Timeline" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic">Pre-pandemic</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">Severe acute respiratory syndrome</a> (SARS)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome">Middle East respiratory syndrome</a> (MERS)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Crimson_Contagion" title="Crimson Contagion">Crimson Contagion</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Disease_X" title="Disease X">Disease X</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security#Event_201" title="Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security">Event 201</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_Cygnus" title="Exercise Cygnus">Exercise Cygnus</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">2019</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">January</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">February</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">March</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">April</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">May</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">June</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">July</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">August</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">September</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">October</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">November</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">December</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">January</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">February</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">March</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">April</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">May</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">June</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">July</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">August</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">September</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">October</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Locations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Locations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">Asia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">Europe</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">North America</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">Oceania</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South America</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships">Cruise ships</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships">Naval ships</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Impacts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Impacts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture and<br />entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage">Arts and cultural heritage</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture" title="COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture">References in popular culture</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema">Cinema</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">films affected</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">Education</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic">homeschooling</a></li>\n<li>by country\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana">Ghana</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_UK_GCSE_and_A-Level_grading_controversy" title="2020 UK GCSE and A-Level grading controversy">exam grading controversy</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_events_affected_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic">Events affected</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry">Fashion industry</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry">Music industry</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts">Performing arts</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports">Sports</a>\n<ul><li>By country\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philippine_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Philippine sports">Philippines</a></li></ul></li>\n<li>By sport\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football">association football</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports">combat sports</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket">cricket</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf">disc golf</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games">Gaelic games</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport">motorsport</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_of_the_2019%E2%80%9320_NBA_season" title="Suspension of the 2019\xe2\x80\x9320 NBA season">NBA</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league">rugby league</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television">Television</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States">U.S.</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">programs affected</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry">Video games</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society<br /> and rights</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Social</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">social media</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_associated_with_COVID-19" title="Social stigma associated with COVID-19">stigma</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_party" title="COVID-19 party">COVID-19 parties</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children">Children</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States">foster care in the U.S.</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Gendered_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Gender</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_healthcare_workers" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers">Healthcare workers</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">Hospitals</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ICU_capacity" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ICU capacity">ICU capacity</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_issues_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Human rights issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Human rights</a></li>\n<li>Legal\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States">abortion in the U.S.</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime">crime</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime in the Republic of Ireland">crime in Ireland</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence">domestic violence</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons">prisons</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention" title="COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention">U.S. immigration detention</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community">LGBT community</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_black_people" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on black people">African-American communities</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities">Native American communities</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities">Long-term care facilities</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_public_transport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport">Public transport</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion">Religion</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj">Hajj</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic">Strikes</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Xenophobia and racism</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation">Aviation</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of airlines impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">Airlines</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry">Cannabis industry</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Charitable_activities_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Charitable activities related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Charitable activity</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_scams" title="COVID-19 scams">COVID-19 scams</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">COVID-19 recession</a></li>\n<li>Economic\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">Canada</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Pandemic_Unemployment_Payment" title="COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment">COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">U.K.</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">U.S.</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Financial markets</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry">Food industry</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada">meat industry in Canada</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States">meat industry in the U.S.</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States">restaurant industry in the U.S.</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">Global stock market crash</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2021_global_supply_chain_crisis" title="2021 global supply chain crisis">Global supply chain</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">Hospitals</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Mink farming</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war" title="2020 Russia\xe2\x80\x93Saudi Arabia oil price war">Oil price war</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail">Retail</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Resignation" title="Great Resignation">Great Resignation</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">Tourism</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Travel restrictions</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Information</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">Journalism</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">Media coverage</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">Misinformation</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments" title="COVID-19 misinformation by governments">Governments</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China" title="COVID-19 misinformation by China">China</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 misinformation by the United States">United States</a></li>\n<li><i><a href="/wiki/Plandemic" title="Plandemic">Plandemic</a></i></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Wikipedia coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">Wikipedia\'s response</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">National responses</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_pandemic_legislation" title="List of COVID-19 pandemic legislation">Legislation</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_anti-lockdown_protests_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 anti-lockdown protests in Canada">Canada</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_COVID-19_policies_in_Italy" title="Protests over COVID-19 policies in Italy">Italy</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_COVID-19_policies_in_Germany" title="Protests over COVID-19 policies in Germany">Germany</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Idar-Oberstein_shooting" title="2021 Idar-Oberstein shooting">Idar-Oberstein shooting</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2021_Dutch_curfew_riots" title="2021 Dutch curfew riots">the Netherlands</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_anti-lockdown_protests_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 anti-lockdown protests in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2020_Serbian_protests" title="2020 Serbian protests">Serbia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 protests in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_anti-lockdown_protests_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 anti-lockdown protests in the United States">United States</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_the_States" title="Open the States">Open the States</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations">International relations</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Aid</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="International reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan%E2%80%93Romanian_collaboration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Moldovan\xe2\x80\x93Romanian collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic">Moldovan\xe2\x80\x93Romanian collaboration</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan" title="Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan">Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">European Union</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doomscrolling" title="Doomscrolling">Doomscrolling</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">Flattening the curve</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">Long-hauler</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology#Telecommunications" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Quarantini</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">Social distancing</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Superspreading_event" title="Superspreading event">Superspreader</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_(software)" title="Zoom (software)">Zoom</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_town" title="Zoom town">Zoom towns</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_animals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on animals">Animals</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Anthropause" title="Anthropause">Anthropause</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">Environment</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military">Military</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Science and technology</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">Food security</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Health_issues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Health issues</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medical topics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19" title="Transmission of COVID-19">Transmission</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19" title="Symptoms of COVID-19">Symptoms</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_and_cancer" title="COVID-19 and cancer">Cancer</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Cutaneous_manifestations_of_COVID-19" title="Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19">Skin manifestations</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">Long COVID</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">Mental health</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_COVID-19_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes" title="Impact of COVID-19 on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes">neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy" title="COVID-19 in pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">Non-COVID-19\xe2\x80\x93related health issues</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve#Raising_the_line" title="Flattening the curve">Raise the line</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_after_COVID-19" title="Rehabilitation after COVID-19">Rehabilitation</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">Unproven medical methods</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Testing and<br />epidemiology</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">Disease testing</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer" title="Coronavirus breathalyzer">Breathalyzer</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Moonshot" title="Operation Moonshot">Operation Moonshot</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Test_to_Release" title="Test to Release">Test to Release</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/UK_Rapid_Test_Consortium" title="UK Rapid Test Consortium">UK Rapid Test Consortium</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/AbC-19_rapid_antibody_test" title="AbC-19 rapid antibody test">AbC-19 rapid antibody test</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_rapid_antigen_test" title="COVID-19 rapid antigen test">Rapid antigen test</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">investigations into the origins</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory" title="COVID-19 lab leak theory">lab leak theory</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_surveillance" title="COVID-19 surveillance">Surveillance</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">Death rates by country</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_datasets" title="COVID-19 datasets">Datasets</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_apps" title="COVID-19 apps">Apps</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/CareFIJI" title="CareFIJI">careFIJI</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID_Alert" title="COVID Alert">COVID Alert</a> (Canada)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa#COVID_AlertSA" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">COVID AlertSA</a> (South Africa)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVIDSafe" title="COVIDSafe">COVIDSafe</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID_Tracker_Ireland" title="COVID Tracker Ireland">COVID Tracker Ireland</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Australia" title="Coronavirus Australia">Coronavirus Australia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Aarogya_Setu" title="Aarogya Setu">Aarogya Setu</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/NZ_COVID_Tracer" title="NZ COVID Tracer">NZ COVID Tracer</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/TraceTogether" title="TraceTogether">TraceTogether</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/BlueTrace" title="BlueTrace">BlueTrace</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_Privacy-Preserving_Proximity_Tracing" title="Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing">Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_COVID-19" title="NHS COVID-19">NHS COVID-19</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/MySejahtera" title="MySejahtera">MySejahtera</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SwissCovid" title="SwissCovid">SwissCovid</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/TCN_Protocol" title="TCN Protocol">TCN Protocol</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_Notification" title="Exposure Notification">Exposure Notification</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID_Symptom_Study" title="COVID Symptom Study">COVID Symptom Study</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Test,_Trace,_Protect" title="Test, Trace, Protect">Test, Trace, Protect</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Test_and_Trace" title="NHS Test and Trace">NHS Test and Trace</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country" title="Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country">Undercounting COVID-19 deaths</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation" title="Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">Use and development of software</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prevention</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Social distancing</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">Face masks</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mask_refusal" title="Mask refusal">Mask refusal</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">Flattening the curve</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19" title="Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19">Workplace hazard controls</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">Lockdowns</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Evacuations</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">International aid</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Safe_Hands_Challenge" title="Safe Hands Challenge">Safe Hands Challenge</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic_fatigue#COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic fatigue">COVID fatigue</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Barrington_Declaration" title="Great Barrington Declaration">Great Barrington Declaration</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Chloroquine_and_hydroxychloroquine_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during the COVID-19 pandemic">Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">Vaccines</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development" title="History of COVID-19 vaccine development">Development</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research" title="COVID-19 vaccine clinical research">Clinical research</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations" title="List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations">Authorizations</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination" title="Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination">Post-vaccination complications</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">Operation Warp Speed</a> (U.S.)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">Vaccine passports</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card" title="COVID-19 vaccine card">Vaccine card</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy">Misinformation and hesitancy</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Authorized</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/DNA_vaccine" title="DNA vaccine">DNA</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZyCoV-D" title="ZyCoV-D">ZyCoV-D</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine" title="Inactivated vaccine">Inactivated</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences COVID-19 vaccine">Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">CoronaVac</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Covaxin" title="Covaxin">Covaxin</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVIran_Barekat" title="COVIran Barekat">COVIran Barekat</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/CoviVac_(Russia_COVID-19_vaccine)" title="CoviVac (Russia COVID-19 vaccine)">CoviVac (Russia)</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/FAKHRAVAC" title="FAKHRAVAC">FAKHRAVAC</a> (terminated)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Minhai_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Minhai COVID-19 vaccine">Minhai</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/QazCovid-in" title="QazCovid-in">QazCovid-in</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm\xe2\x80\x93BBIBP</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_WIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm\xe2\x80\x93WIBP</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RNA_vaccine" class="mw-redirect" title="RNA vaccine">RNA</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer\xe2\x80\x93BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer\xe2\x80\x93BioNTech</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subunit_vaccine" title="Subunit vaccine">Subunit</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdala_(vaccine)" title="Abdala (vaccine)">Abdala</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVAX-19" title="COVAX-19">COVAX-19</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/EpiVacCorona" title="EpiVacCorona">EpiVacCorona</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine" title="MVC COVID-19 vaccine">MVC</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Soberana_02" title="Soberana 02">Soberana 02</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Soberana_Plus" title="Soberana Plus">Soberana Plus</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/ZF2001" title="ZF2001">ZF2001</a> (Zifivax)</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viral_vector_vaccine" title="Viral vector vaccine">Viral vector</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convidecia" title="Convidecia">Convidecia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Janssen COVID-19 vaccine">Janssen</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford\xe2\x80\x93AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">Oxford\xe2\x80\x93AstraZeneca</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">Sputnik V</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_Light" title="Sputnik Light">Sputnik Light</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In trials</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine" title="Attenuated vaccine">Attenuated</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVI-VAC_(U.S._COVID-19_vaccine)" title="COVI-VAC (U.S. COVID-19 vaccine)">COVI-VAC (United States)</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DNA</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/AG0302-COVID%E2%80%9119" title="AG0302-COVID\xe2\x80\x9119">AG0302-COVID\xe2\x80\x9119</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/GX-19" title="GX-19">GX-19</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Inovio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Inovio COVID-19 vaccine">Inovio</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inactivated</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/TurkoVac" title="TurkoVac">TurkoVac</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Valneva_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Valneva COVID-19 vaccine">Valneva</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">RNA</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARCT-021" title="ARCT-021">ARCT-021</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/ARCT-154" title="ARCT-154">ARCT-154</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Bangavax" title="Bangavax">Bangavax</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/CureVac_COVID-19_vaccine" title="CureVac COVID-19 vaccine">CureVac</a> (terminated)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/HGC019" title="HGC019">HGC019</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/PTX-COVID19-B" title="PTX-COVID19-B">PTX-COVID19-B</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93Translate_Bio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sanofi\xe2\x80\x93Translate Bio COVID-19 vaccine">Sanofi\xe2\x80\x93Translate Bio</a> (terminated)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Walvax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Walvax COVID-19 vaccine">Walvax</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subunit</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/202-CoV" title="202-CoV">202-CoV</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Corbevax" title="Corbevax">Corbevax</a> (Bio E COVID-19)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/EuCorVac-19" title="EuCorVac-19">EuCorVac-19</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/GBP510" title="GBP510">GBP510</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/IVX-411" title="IVX-411">IVX-411</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Nanocovax" title="Nanocovax">Nanocovax</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Noora_(vaccine)" title="Noora (vaccine)">Noora</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Novavax COVID-19 vaccine">Novavax</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Razi_Cov_Pars" title="Razi Cov Pars">Razi Cov Pars</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93GSK_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sanofi\xe2\x80\x93GSK COVID-19 vaccine">Sanofi\xe2\x80\x93GSK</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SCB-2019" title="SCB-2019">SCB-2019</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/UB-612" title="UB-612">UB-612</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/V-01" title="V-01">V-01</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/V451_vaccine" title="V451 vaccine">V451</a> (terminated)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Vabiotech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Vabiotech COVID-19 vaccine">Vabiotech</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/West_China_Hospital_COVID-19_vaccine" title="West China Hospital COVID-19 vaccine">West China Hospital</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyianke_Biotech%E2%80%93Liaoning_Maokangyuan_Biotech_COVID-19_vaccine" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyianke Biotech\xe2\x80\x93Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech COVID-19 vaccine">Zhongyianke Biotech\xe2\x80\x93Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech\xe2\x80\x8e</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Viral vector</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/AdCLD-CoV19" title="AdCLD-CoV19">AdCLD-CoV19</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/BBV154" title="BBV154">BBV154</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/BriLife" title="BriLife">BriLife</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT" title="DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT">DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/GRAd-COV2" title="GRAd-COV2">GRAd-COV2</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/ImmunityBio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="ImmunityBio COVID-19 vaccine">ImmunityBio</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/NDV-HXP-S" title="NDV-HXP-S">NDV-HXP-S</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virus-like_particle" title="Virus-like particle">Virus-like particles</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/CoVLP" title="CoVLP">CoVLP</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/VBI-2902" title="VBI-2902">VBI-2902</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment<br />by location</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Algeria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Algeria">Algeria</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Angola" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Angola">Angola</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin#Vaccination" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Benin">Benin</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Botswana" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Botswana">Botswana</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burkina_Faso" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burundi" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Burundi">Burundi</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cape_Verde" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Chad" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Chad">Chad</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Comoros" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Djibouti" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Egypt">Egypt</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Eswatini" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ghana" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana">Ghana</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Morocco" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Morocco">Morocco</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nigeria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Senegal" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Senegal">Senegal</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 vaccination in South Africa">South Africa</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Zimbabwe" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bangladesh" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bhutan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China">Mainland China</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India" title="COVID-19 vaccination in India">India</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Indonesia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Israel">Israel</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Japan">Japan</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Kazakhstan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Malaysia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nepal" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Nepal">Nepal</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Russia">Russia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore">Singapore</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea">South Korea</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sri_Lanka" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Taiwan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand">Thailand</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Turkey" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Turkey">Turkey</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Albania" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Albania">Albania</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bulgaria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Croatia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Croatia">Croatia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Denmark" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Denmark">Denmark</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France" title="COVID-19 vaccination in France">France</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Germany">Germany</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Greece" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Greece">Greece</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Hungary" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Hungary">Hungary</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iceland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Iceland">Iceland</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Italy">Italy</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Moldova" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Moldova">Moldova</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Norway" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Norway">Norway</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Romania" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Romania">Romania</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Russia">Russia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Spain">Spain</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sweden" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Sweden">Sweden</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Switzerland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ukraine" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Canada">Canada</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Quebec" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Haiti" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Haiti">Haiti</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico">Mexico</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United States">United States</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States">mandates</a></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Australia">Australia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Fiji" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Fiji">Fiji</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Argentina" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Argentina">Argentina</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil">Brazil</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Colombia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia">Colombia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Peru" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Peru">Peru</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica#Vaccination" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19" title="Treatment and management of COVID-19">Treatment</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">Drug development</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research" title="COVID-19 drug repurposing research">Drug repurposing research</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone#COVID\xe2\x80\x9119" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Baricitinib" title="Baricitinib">Baricitinib</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/RECOVERY_Trial" title="RECOVERY Trial">RECOVERY Trial</a> (UK)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_trial" title="Solidarity trial">Solidarity trial</a> (WHO)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_ventilator#COVID-19_pandemic" title="Open-source ventilator">Open-source ventilator</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Extracorporeal_membrane_oxygenation#Use_in_COVID-19_patients" title="Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation">Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">Monoclonal antibodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamlanivimab/etesevimab" title="Bamlanivimab/etesevimab">Bamlanivimab/etesevimab</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamlanivimab" title="Bamlanivimab">Bamlanivimab</a></li>\n<li>Etesevimab</li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Casirivimab/imdevimab" title="Casirivimab/imdevimab">Casirivimab/imdevimab</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Regdanvimab" title="Regdanvimab">Regdanvimab</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Sarilumab" title="Sarilumab">Sarilumab</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Sotrovimab" title="Sotrovimab">Sotrovimab</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Tocilizumab" title="Tocilizumab">Tocilizumab</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antiviral_drug" title="Antiviral drug">Small molecule antivirals</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad-spectrum_antiviral_drug" title="Broad-spectrum antiviral drug">Broad-spectrum</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remdesivir#COVID-19" title="Remdesivir">Remdesivir</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Molnupiravir" title="Molnupiravir">Molnupiravir</a></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Variants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Variants</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant">Alpha</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant">Beta</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant">Gamma</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant">Epsilon</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant">Zeta</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant">Eta</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant">Theta</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant">Iota</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant">Kappa</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant">Lambda</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant">Mu</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Cluster 5</a></li></ul>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617" title="SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617">Lineage B.1.617</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Variant_of_concern" title="Variant of concern">Variant of concern</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Institutions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Institutions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospitals and<br />medical clinics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainland China</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Hospital_of_Wuhan" title="Central Hospital of Wuhan">Central Hospital of Wuhan</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Dabie_Mountain_Regional_Medical_Centre" title="Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre">Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Fangcang_hospital" title="Fangcang hospital">Fangcang hospitals</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Huoshenshan_Hospital" title="Huoshenshan Hospital">Huoshenshan Hospital</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Leishenshan_Hospital" title="Leishenshan Hospital">Leishenshan Hospital</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_Xinjia_Express_Hotel" title="Collapse of Xinjia Express Hotel">Xinjia Express Hotel</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Jinyintan_Hospital" title="Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital">Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic">Hospital ships</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Canberra_Coronavirus_Field_Hospital" title="Canberra Coronavirus Field Hospital">Canberra Coronavirus Field Hospital</a> (Australia)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_El_Salvador" title="Hospital El Salvador">Hospital El Salvador</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SevenHills_Hospital#COVID-19_hospital" title="SevenHills Hospital">SevenHills Hospital</a> (India)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Kemayoran_Athletes_Village" title="Kemayoran Athletes Village">Kemayoran Athletes Village</a> (Indonesia)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Pyongyang_General_Hospital" title="Pyongyang General Hospital">Pyongyang General Hospital</a> (North Korea)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Agro_Exposition_Park_Serdang" title="Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang">Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang</a> (Malaysia)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Mega_Ligtas_COVID_Centers" title="Mega Ligtas COVID Centers">Mega Ligtas COVID Centers</a> (Philippines)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Kandakadu_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Centre" title="Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre">Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre</a> (Sri Lanka)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Sancaktepe_Prof._Dr._Feriha_%C3%96z_Emergency_Hospital" title="Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha \xc3\x96z Emergency Hospital">Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha \xc3\x96z Emergency Hospital</a> (Turkey)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y_Prof._Dr._Murat_Dilmener_Emergency_Hospital" title="Ye\xc5\x9filk\xc3\xb6y Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital">Ye\xc5\x9filk\xc3\xb6y Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital</a> (Turkey)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_Heart_Hospital" title="Dragon's Heart Hospital">Dragon\'s Heart Hospital</a> (Wales)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Louisa_Jordan" title="NHS Louisa Jordan">NHS Louisa Jordan</a> (Scotland)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom#NHS_England" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">NHS Nightingale Hospitals</a> (England)\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Birmingham" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital London">London</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_East" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital North East">North East</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_West" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital North West">North West</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Global</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Epidemic_Preparedness_Innovations" title="Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations">Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Tech_Handbook" title="Coronavirus Tech Handbook">Coronavirus Tech Handbook</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Solidarity_Response_Fund" title="COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund">COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Covid_Watch" title="Covid Watch">Covid Watch</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/EcoHealth_Alliance" title="EcoHealth Alliance">EcoHealth Alliance</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Committee_on_Vaccination_and_Immunisation" title="Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation">Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/MusiCares_COVID-19_Relief_Fund" title="MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund">MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Pasteur_Institute" title="Pasteur Institute">Pasteur Institute</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institut_Pasteur_du_Cambodge" title="Institut Pasteur du Cambodge">in Cambodia</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/UN_COVID-19_Supply_Chain_Task_Force" title="UN COVID-19 Supply Chain Task Force">UN COVID-19 Supply Chain Task Force</a> (WHO)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic">United Nations</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_in_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of United Nations resolutions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic">resolutions</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic">World Health Organization</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (African Union)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/National_Cabinet_(Australia)" title="National Cabinet (Australia)">National Cabinet (Australia)</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/National_COVID-19_Commission_Advisory_Board" title="National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board">National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board</a> (Australia)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Immunity_Task_Force" title="COVID-19 Immunity Task Force">COVID-19 Immunity Task Force</a> (Canada)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Supply_Council" title="COVID-19 Supply Council">COVID-19 Supply Council</a> (Canada)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/ScienceUpFirst" title="ScienceUpFirst">ScienceUpFirst</a> (Canada)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Institute_of_Virology" title="Wuhan Institute of Virology">Wuhan Institute of Virology</a> (China)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/PREPARE" title="PREPARE">PREPARE</a> (European Union)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Infectious_Disease_Centre" title="Ghana Infectious Disease Centre">Ghana Infectious Disease Centre</a> (Ghana)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Hong_Kong)" title="Department of Health (Hong Kong)">Department of Health (Hong Kong)</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/National_Expert_Group_on_Vaccine_Administration_for_COVID-19" title="National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19">National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19</a> (India)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund" title="PM CARES Fund">PM CARES Fund</a> (India)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/SAARC_COVID-19_Emergency_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund">SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund</a> (India)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Response_Acceleration_Task_Force" title="COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force">COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force</a> (Indonesia)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Health_Emergency_Team_(2020)" title="National Public Health Emergency Team (2020)">National Public Health Emergency Team</a> (Ireland)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Novel_Coronavirus_Expert_Meeting" title="Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting">Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting</a> (Japan)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Disease_Control_and_Prevention_Agency" title="Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency">Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency</a> (South Korea)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_Preparedness_and_Response_Centre" title="Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre">Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre</a> (Malaysia)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Outbreak_Management_Team" title="Outbreak Management Team">Outbreak Management Team</a> (Netherlands)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Defeat_COVID-19_Ad_Hoc_Committee" title="Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee">Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee</a> (Philippines)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Agency_Task_Force_for_the_Management_of_Emerging_Infectious_Diseases" title="Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases">Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases</a> (Philippines)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Communicable_Diseases" title="National Institute for Communicable Diseases">National Institute for Communicable Diseases</a> (South Africa)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Central_Epidemic_Command_Center" title="Central Epidemic Command Center">Central Epidemic Command Center</a> (Taiwan)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Centers_for_Disease_Control" title="Taiwan Centers for Disease Control">Taiwan Centers for Disease Control</a> (Taiwan)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Scientific_Advisory_Board" title="Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board">Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board</a> (Turkey)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Genomics_UK_Consortium" title="COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium">COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium</a> (United Kingdom)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team">Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team</a> (United Kingdom)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Independent_SAGE" title="Independent SAGE">Independent SAGE</a> (United Kingdom)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Biosecurity_Centre" title="Joint Biosecurity Centre">Joint Biosecurity Centre</a> (United Kingdom)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_Taskforce" title="Vaccine Taskforce">Vaccine Taskforce</a> (United Kingdom)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Artist_Relief" title="Artist Relief">Artist Relief</a> (United States)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board" title="COVID-19 Advisory Board">COVID-19 Advisory Board</a> (United States)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups" title="Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups">Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups</a> (United States)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force" title="White House Coronavirus Task Force">White House Coronavirus Task Force</a> (United States)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="White House COVID-19 Response Team">White House COVID-19 Response Team</a> (United States)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/GACH" title="GACH">GACH</a> (Uruguay)</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medical<br />professionals</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai_Fen" title="Ai Fen">Ai Fen</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Corona_Rintawan" title="Corona Rintawan">Corona Rintawan</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Li_Wenliang" title="Li Wenliang">Li Wenliang</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Wen_(doctor)" title="Liu Wen (doctor)">Liu Wen</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Xie_Linka" title="Xie Linka">Xie Linka</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Wenhong" title="Zhang Wenhong">Zhang Wenhong</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Coronavirus_researchers" title="Category:Coronavirus researchers">Researchers</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awang_Bulgiba_Awang_Mahmud" title="Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud">Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Burioni" title="Roberto Burioni">Roberto Burioni</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Wei_(medical_scientist)" title="Chen Wei (medical scientist)">Chen Wei</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Kizzmekia_Corbett" title="Kizzmekia Corbett">Kizzmekia Corbett</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Crisanti_(scientist)" title="Andrea Crisanti (scientist)">Andrea Crisanti</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Daszak" title="Peter Daszak">Peter Daszak</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Drosten" title="Christian Drosten">Christian Drosten</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Ferguson_(epidemiologist)" title="Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)">Neil Ferguson</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Fisher" title="Dale Fisher">Dale Fisher</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Gao" title="George F. Gao">George F. Gao</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Azra_Ghani" title="Azra Ghani">Azra Ghani</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Gilbert" title="Sarah Gilbert">Sarah Gilbert</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Yi" title="Guan Yi">Guan Yi</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Kentaro_Iwata" title="Kentaro Iwata">Kentaro Iwata</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karik\xc3\xb3">Katalin Karik\xc3\xb3</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Keeling" title="Matt Keeling">Matt Keeling</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Trudie_Lang" title="Trudie Lang">Trudie Lang</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Li_Lanjuan" title="Li Lanjuan">Li Lanjuan</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/W._Ian_Lipkin" title="W. Ian Lipkin">W. Ian Lipkin</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xiaowei" title="Ma Xiaowei">Ma Xiaowei</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Shabir_Madhi" title="Shabir Madhi">Shabir Madhi</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Allison_McGeer" title="Allison McGeer">Allison McGeer</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Camilla_Rothe" title="Camilla Rothe">Camilla Rothe</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Zhengli" title="Shi Zhengli">Shi Zhengli</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Moncef_Slaoui" title="Moncef Slaoui">Moncef Slaoui</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Tildesley" title="Mike Tildesley">Mike Tildesley</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/John_Todd_(British_biologist)" title="John Todd (British biologist)">John Todd</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chen_(physician)" title="Wang Chen (physician)">Wang Chen</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Guangfa" title="Wang Guangfa">Wang Guangfa</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Yuen_Kwok-yung" title="Yuen Kwok-yung">Yuen Kwok-yung</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Zeng_Guang" title="Zeng Guang">Zeng Guang</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jixian" title="Zhang Jixian">Zhang Jixian</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yongzhen" title="Zhang Yongzhen">Zhang Yongzhen</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Zhong_Nanshan" title="Zhong Nanshan">Zhong Nanshan</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Officials</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">WHO</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom" title="Tedros Adhanom">Tedros Adhanom</a> (Director-General of the WHO)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Aylward" title="Bruce Aylward">Bruce Aylward</a> (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Van_Kerkhove" title="Maria Van Kerkhove">Maria Van Kerkhove</a> (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Ryan_(doctor)" title="Michael J. Ryan (doctor)">Michael J. Ryan</a> (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme)</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Atherton" title="Frank Atherton">Frank Atherton</a> (Wales)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Bloomfield" title="Ashley Bloomfield">Ashley Bloomfield</a> (New Zealand)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Calderwood" title="Catherine Calderwood">Catherine Calderwood</a> (Scotland)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Chang_Shan-chwen" title="Chang Shan-chwen">Chang Shan-chwen</a> (Taiwan)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Shih-chung" title="Chen Shih-chung">Chen Shih-chung</a> (Taiwan)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Chuang_Yin-ching" title="Chuang Yin-ching">Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching</a> (Taiwan)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Costache" title="Victor Costache">Victor Costache</a> (Romania)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Curcio" title="Fabrizio Curcio">Fabrizio Curcio</a> (Italy)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Deseda" title="Carmen Deseda">Carmen Deseda</a> (Puerto Rico)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Jaap_van_Dissel" title="Jaap van Dissel">Jaap van Dissel</a> (the Netherlands)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Drosten" title="Christian Drosten">Christian Drosten</a> (Germany)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Duque_III" title="Francisco Duque III">Francisco Duque III</a> (Philippines)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a> (United States)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Paolo_Figliuolo" title="Francesco Paolo Figliuolo">Francesco Paolo Figliuolo</a> (Italy)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Freitas" title="Gra\xc3\xa7a Freitas">Gra\xc3\xa7a Freitas</a> (Portugal)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Henrique_Gouveia_e_Melo" title="Henrique Gouveia e Melo">Henrique Gouveia e Melo</a> (Portugal)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Hancock" title="Matt Hancock">Matt Hancock</a> (United Kingdom)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Hamad_Hasan" title="Hamad Hasan">Hamad Hasan</a> (Lebanon)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Hunt" title="Greg Hunt">Greg Hunt</a> (Australia)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Holohan" title="Tony Holohan">Tony Holohan</a> (Ireland)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Jeong_Eun-kyeong" title="Jeong Eun-kyeong">Jeong Eun-kyeong</a> (South Korea)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Fahrettin_Koca" title="Fahrettin Koca">Fahrettin Koca</a> (Turkey)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a> (China)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McBride_(doctor)" title="Michael McBride (doctor)">Michael McBride</a> (Northern Ireland)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Oriol_Mitj%C3%A0" title="Oriol Mitj\xc3\xa0">Oriol Mitj\xc3\xa0</a> (Andorra)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Zweli_Mkhize" title="Zweli Mkhize">Zweli Mkhize</a> (South Africa)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Doni_Monardo" title="Doni Monardo">Doni Monardo</a> (Indonesia)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Alma_M%C3%B6ller" title="Alma M\xc3\xb6ller">Alma M\xc3\xb6ller</a> (Iceland)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Namaki" title="Saeed Namaki">Saeed Namaki</a> (Iran)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Ala_Nemerenco" title="Ala Nemerenco">Ala Nemerenco</a> (Moldova)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Thanh_Long" title="Nguy\xe1\xbb\x85n Thanh Long">Nguy\xe1\xbb\x85n Thanh Long</a> (Vietnam)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Noor_Hisham_Abdullah" title="Noor Hisham Abdullah">Noor Hisham Abdullah</a> (Malaysia)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Pilli" title="Ali Pilli">Ali Pilli</a> (Northern Cyprus)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Salinas" title="Daniel Salinas">Daniel Salinas</a> (Uruguay)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Salomon" title="J\xc3\xa9r\xc3\xb4me Salomon">J\xc3\xa9r\xc3\xb4me Salomon</a> (France)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sim%C3%B3n" title="Fernando Sim\xc3\xb3n">Fernando Sim\xc3\xb3n</a> (Spain)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Smith" title="Gregor Smith">Gregor Smith</a> (Scotland)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Su_Ih-jen" title="Su Ih-jen">Su Ih-jen</a> (Taiwan)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81ukasz_Szumowski" title="\xc5\x81ukasz Szumowski">\xc5\x81ukasz Szumowski</a> (Poland)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_Tam" title="Theresa Tam">Theresa Tam</a> (Canada)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Tegnell" title="Anders Tegnell">Anders Tegnell</a> (Sweden)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B3lfur_Gu%C3%B0nason" title="\xc3\x9e\xc3\xb3r\xc3\xb3lfur Gu\xc3\xb0nason">\xc3\x9e\xc3\xb3r\xc3\xb3lfur Gu\xc3\xb0nason</a> (Iceland)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Sotiris_Tsiodras" title="Sotiris Tsiodras">Sotiris Tsiodras</a> (Greece)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Harsh_Vardhan_(Delhi_politician)" title="Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)">Harsh Vardhan</a> (India)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0ir_Reynisson" title="V\xc3\xad\xc3\xb0ir Reynisson">V\xc3\xad\xc3\xb0ir Reynisson</a> (Iceland)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Vizzotti" title="Carla Vizzotti">Carla Vizzotti</a> (Argentina)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Vlad_Voiculescu" title="Vlad Voiculescu">Vlad Voiculescu</a> (Romania)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Whitty" title="Chris Whitty">Chris Whitty</a> (United Kingdom)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Lawrence Wong</a> (Singapore)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Zients" title="Jeffrey Zients">Jeffrey Zients</a> (United States)</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Qiushi" title="Chen Qiushi">Chen Qiushi</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Crozier" title="Brett Crozier">Brett Crozier</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Bin" title="Fang Bin">Fang Bin</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Fang" title="Fang Fang">Fang Fang</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ashitey_Hammond" title="Joseph Ashitey Hammond">Joseph Ashitey Hammond</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zehua" title="Li Zehua">Li Zehua</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Tom_Moore" title="Captain Tom Moore">Captain Tom Moore</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Qiu_Menghuang" title="Qiu Menghuang">Qiu Menghuang</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Ren_Zhiqiang" title="Ren Zhiqiang">Ren Zhiqiang</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deaths</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">List</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Data_(templates)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Data (templates)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory#Statistics" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Cases, deaths, recoveries by country</a></li>\n<li>WHO situation reports\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">cases</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_January_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in January 2020">January 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_February_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in February 2020">February 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_March_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in March 2020">March 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_April_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in April 2020">April 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_May_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in May 2020">May 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_June_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in June 2020">June 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_July_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in July 2020">July 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_August_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in August 2020">August 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_September_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in September 2020">September 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_October_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in October 2020">October 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_November_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in November 2020">November 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_December_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in December 2020">December 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_January_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in January 2021">January 2021</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_February_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in February 2021">February 2021</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_March_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in March 2021">March 2021</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_April_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in April 2021">April 2021</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_May_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in May 2021">May 2021</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_June_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in June 2021">June 2021</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_July_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in July 2021">July 2021</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">deaths</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">World map by countries: confirmed per capita</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_hospital_beds#Numbers" title="List of countries by hospital beds">Hospital beds by country</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns#Table_of_pandemic_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">Lockdowns</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>\n<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_(Wikimedia_colors).svg" class="image"><img alt="SARS-CoV-2 (Wikimedia colors).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/16px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/24px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/32px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="666" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:COVID-19" title="Portal:COVID-19">COVID-19 portal</a></b></li>\n<li><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:COVID-19_pandemic" title="Category:COVID-19 pandemic">Category</a></b></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r891577481">.mw-parser-output .subjectbar{background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:88%}</style><table role="presentation" class="subjectbar noprint metadata plainlist"><tbody><tr><td style="width:125px;border-right:solid 1px black; padding-left:3px; padding-right:3px;"><span style="font-size:125%"><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a></b></span><br /><span style="font-size:90%">Access related topics</span></td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_(Wikimedia_colors).svg" class="image"><img alt="SARS-CoV-2 (Wikimedia colors).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/30px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/45px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/60px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="666" /></a></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:COVID-19" title="Portal:COVID-19">COVID-19 portal</a></b></i></span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg" class="image"><img alt="Ambox globe Asia Australia.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg/30px-Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg/45px-Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg/60px-Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></b></i></span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/File:Sida-aids.png" class="image"><img alt="Sida-aids.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sida-aids.png/30px-Sida-aids.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sida-aids.png/45px-Sida-aids.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sida-aids.png/60px-Sida-aids.png 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="290" /></a></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Viruses" title="Portal:Viruses">Viruses portal</a></b></i></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td style="width:125px;border-right:solid 1px black; padding-left:3px; padding-right:3px;"><span style="font-size:90%">Find out more on<br />Wikipedia\'s</span><br /><span style="font-size:125%"><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">Sister projects</a></b></span></td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:COVID-19_pandemic" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:COVID-19 pandemic">Media</a><br />from Commons</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/26px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/38px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Special:Search/COVID-19">Species directories</a><br />from Wikispecies</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/30px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/45px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19_pandemic" class="extiw" title="voy:Special:Search/COVID-19 pandemic">Travel guides</a><br />from Wikivoyage</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span 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/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/COVID-19">Source texts</a><br />from Wikisource</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/30px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="25" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/45px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/60px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span>Log in</span></a></li></ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</nav>\n\n\t\t<div id="left-navigation">\n\t\t\t<nav id="p-namespaces" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-namespaces vector-menu vector-menu-tabs" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" role="navigation" \n\t >\n\t<h3 id="p-namespaces-label" aria-label="" class="vector-menu-heading">\n\t\t\n\t\t<span>Namespaces</span>\n\t</h3>\n\t<div class="vector-menu-content">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:COVID-19_pandemic" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li></ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</nav>\n\n\t\t\t<nav id="p-variants" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown-noicon vector-menu vector-menu-dropdown" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" role="navigation" \n\t >\n\t<input type="checkbox"\n\t\tid="p-variants-checkbox"\n\t\trole="button"\n\t\taria-haspopup="true"\n\t\tdata-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants"\n\t\tclass="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" />\n\t<h3 id="p-variants-label" aria-label="Change language variant" class="vector-menu-heading">\n\t\t\n\t\t<span>Variants</span>\n\t\t\t<span class="vector-menu-checkbox-expanded">expanded</span>\n\t\t\t<span class="vector-menu-checkbox-collapsed">collapsed</span>\n\t</h3>\n\t<div class="vector-menu-content">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"></ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</nav>\n\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div id="right-navigation">\n\t\t\t<nav id="p-views" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-views vector-menu vector-menu-tabs" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" role="navigation" \n\t >\n\t<h3 id="p-views-label" aria-label="" class="vector-menu-heading">\n\t\t\n\t\t<span>Views</span>\n\t</h3>\n\t<div class="vector-menu-content">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="ca-view" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit" title="This page is protected. You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li></ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</nav>\n\n\t\t\t<nav id="p-cactions" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown-noicon vector-menu vector-menu-dropdown" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" role="navigation" title="More options"\n\t >\n\t<input type="checkbox"\n\t\tid="p-cactions-checkbox"\n\t\trole="button"\n\t\taria-haspopup="true"\n\t\tdata-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-cactions"\n\t\tclass="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" />\n\t<h3 id="p-cactions-label" aria-label="" class="vector-menu-heading">\n\t\t\n\t\t<span>More</span>\n\t\t\t<span class="vector-menu-checkbox-expanded">expanded</span>\n\t\t\t<span class="vector-menu-checkbox-collapsed">collapsed</span>\n\t</h3>\n\t<div 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id="searchButton"\n\t\t\t\t\t class="searchButton" type="submit" name="go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" value="Go" />\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</form>\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t</div>\n\t</div>\n\t\n<div id="mw-panel">\n\t<div id="p-logo" role="banner">\n\t\t<a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Main_Page"\n\t\t\ttitle="Visit the main page"></a>\n\t</div>\n\t<nav id="p-navigation" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label" role="navigation" \n\t >\n\t<h3 id="p-navigation-label" aria-label="" class="vector-menu-heading">\n\t\t\n\t\t<span>Navigation</span>\n\t</h3>\n\t<div class="vector-menu-content">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-sitesupport" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" title="Support us by donating to the Wikimedia Foundation"><span>Donate</span></a></li></ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</nav>\n\n\t<nav id="p-interaction" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-interaction-label" role="navigation" \n\t >\n\t<h3 id="p-interaction-label" aria-label="" class="vector-menu-heading">\n\t\t\n\t\t<span>Contribute</span>\n\t</h3>\n\t<div class="vector-menu-content">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent 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linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&oldid=1051252743" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=COVID-19_pandemic&id=1051252743&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81068910" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li></ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</nav>\n<nav id="p-coll-print_export" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-coll-print_export-label" role="navigation" \n\t >\n\t<h3 id="p-coll-print_export-label" aria-label="" class="vector-menu-heading">\n\t\t\n\t\t<span>Print/export</span>\n\t</h3>\n\t<div class="vector-menu-content">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=COVID-19_pandemic&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li></ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</nav>\n<nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" role="navigation" \n\t >\n\t<h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" aria-label="" class="vector-menu-heading">\n\t\t\n\t\t<span>In other projects</span>\n\t</h3>\n\t<div class="vector-menu-content">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:COVID-19_pandemic" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Coronavirus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li></ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</nav>\n\n\t<nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" role="navigation" \n\t >\n\t<h3 id="p-lang-label" aria-label="" class="vector-menu-heading">\n\t\t\n\t\t<span>Languages</span>\n\t</h3>\n\t<div class="vector-menu-content">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covid-19-pandemie" title="Covid-19-pandemie \xe2\x80\x93 Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19-Pandemie" title="COVID-19-Pandemie \xe2\x80\x93 Alemannisch" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-20_%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%AE%E1%8A%93%E1%89%AB%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%A8%E1%88%B5_%E1%8B%88%E1%88%A8%E1%88%AD%E1%88%BD%E1%8A%9D" title="2019-20 \xe1\x8a\xae\xe1\x88\xae\xe1\x8a\x93\xe1\x89\xab\xe1\x8b\xad\xe1\x88\xa8\xe1\x88\xb5 \xe1\x8b\x88\xe1\x88\xa8\xe1\x88\xad\xe1\x88\xbd\xe1\x8a\x9d \xe2\x80\x93 Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe1\x8a\xa0\xe1\x88\x9b\xe1\x88\xad\xe1\x8a\x9b</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="\xd8\xac\xd8\xa7\xd8\xa6\xd8\xad\xd8\xa9 \xd9\x81\xd9\x8a\xd8\xb1\xd9\x88\xd8\xb3 \xd9\x83\xd9\x88\xd8\xb1\xd9\x88\xd9\x86\xd8\xa7 \xe2\x80\x93 Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd8\xa7\xd9\x84\xd8\xb9\xd8\xb1\xd8\xa8\xd9\x8a\xd8\xa9</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragon\xc3\xa9s</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A8mia_de_cr%C3%A8va_de_coronavirus_de_2019-2020" title="Pand\xc3\xa8mia de cr\xc3\xa8va de coronavirus de 2019-2020 \xe2\x80\x93 Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%27%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80" title="\xe0\xa6\x95'\xe0\xa6\xad\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xa1-\xe0\xa7\xa7\xe0\xa7\xaf \xe0\xa6\xac\xe0\xa7\x88\xe0\xa6\xb6\xe0\xa7\x8d\xe0\xa6\xac\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\x95 \xe0\xa6\xae\xe0\xa6\xb9\xe0\xa6\xbe\xe0\xa6\xae\xe0\xa6\xbe\xe0\xa7\xb0\xe0\xa7\x80 \xe2\x80\x93 Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe0\xa6\x85\xe0\xa6\xb8\xe0\xa6\xae\xe0\xa7\x80\xe0\xa6\xaf\xe0\xa6\xbc\xe0\xa6\xbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="\xe0\xa5\xa8\xe0\xa5\xa6\xe0\xa5\xa7\xe0\xa5\xaf-\xe0\xa5\xa8\xe0\xa5\xa6 \xe0\xa4\x95\xe0\xa5\x8b\xe0\xa4\xb0\xe0\xa5\x8b\xe0\xa4\xa8\xe0\xa4\xbe \xe0\xa4\xad\xe0\xa4\xbe\xe0\xa4\x87\xe0\xa4\xb0\xe0\xa4\xb8 \xe0\xa4\xae\xe0\xa4\xb9\xe0\xa4\xbe\xe0\xa4\xae\xe0\xa4\xbe\xe0\xa4\xb0\xe0\xa5\x80 \xe2\x80\x93 Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe0\xa4\x85\xe0\xa4\xb5\xe0\xa4\xa7\xe0\xa5\x80</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%C3%B1emosarambi_guasu" title="COVID-19 \xc3\xb1emosarambi guasu \xe2\x80\x93 Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ava\xc3\xb1e\'\xe1\xba\xbd</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_koronavirus_pandemiyas%C4%B1" title="COVID-19 koronavirus pandemiyas\xc4\xb1 \xe2\x80\x93 Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Az\xc9\x99rbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DB%B1%DB%B9_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="\xda\xa9\xd9\x88\xd9\x88\xdb\x8c\xd8\xaf-\xdb\xb1\xdb\xb9 \xd9\xbe\xd8\xa7\xd9\x86\xd8\xaf\xd8\xa7\xd9\x85\xdb\x8c \xe2\x80\x93 South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd8\xaa\xdb\x86\xd8\xb1\xda\xa9\xd8\xac\xd9\x87</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_koronavirus_2019-2020" title="Pandemi koronavirus 2019-2020 \xe2\x80\x93 Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80" title="\xe0\xa6\x95\xe0\xa7\x8b\xe0\xa6\xad\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xa1-\xe0\xa7\xa7\xe0\xa7\xaf \xe0\xa6\x8f\xe0\xa6\xb0 \xe0\xa6\xac\xe0\xa7\x88\xe0\xa6\xb6\xe0\xa7\x8d\xe0\xa6\xac\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\x95 \xe0\xa6\xae\xe0\xa6\xb9\xe0\xa6\xbe\xe0\xa6\xae\xe0\xa6\xbe\xe0\xa6\xb0\xe0\xa7\x80 \xe2\x80\x93 Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe0\xa6\xac\xe0\xa6\xbe\xe0\xa6\x82\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa6\xbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_COVID-19" title="Pandemi COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_t%C5%8Da-li%C3%BB-h%C3%AAng" title="COVID-19 t\xc5\x8da-li\xc3\xbb-h\xc3\xaang \xe2\x80\x93 Chinese (Min Nan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>B\xc3\xa2n-l\xc3\xa2m-g\xc3\xba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_COVID-19" title="\xd0\x9f\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb4\xd1\x8d\xd0\xbc\xd1\x96\xd1\x8f COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd0\x91\xd0\xb5\xd0\xbb\xd0\xb0\xd1\x80\xd1\x83\xd1\x81\xd0\xba\xd0\xb0\xd1\x8f</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96_(2019)" title="\xd0\x9f\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb4\xd1\x8d\xd0\xbc\xd1\x96\xd1\x8f \xd0\xba\xd0\xb0\xd1\x80\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb0\xd0\xb2\xd1\x96\xd1\x80\xd1\x83\xd1\x81\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb0\xd0\xb9 \xd1\x96\xd0\xbd\xd1\x84\xd1\x8d\xd0\xba\xd1\x86\xd1\x8b\xd1\x96 (2019) \xe2\x80\x93 Belarusian (Tara\xc5\xa1kievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd0\x91\xd0\xb5\xd0\xbb\xd0\xb0\xd1\x80\xd1\x83\xd1\x81\xd0\xba\xd0\xb0\xd1\x8f (\xd1\x82\xd0\xb0\xd1\x80\xd0\xb0\xd1\x88\xd0\xba\xd0\xb5\xd0\xb2\xd1\x96\xd1\x86\xd0\xb0)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1-19_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="\xe0\xa4\x95\xe0\xa5\x8b\xe0\xa4\xb5\xe0\xa4\xbf\xe0\xa4\xa1-19 \xe0\xa4\xae\xe0\xa4\xb9\xe0\xa4\xbe\xe0\xa4\xae\xe0\xa4\xbe\xe0\xa4\xb0\xe0\xa5\x80 \xe2\x80\x93 Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe0\xa4\xad\xe0\xa5\x8b\xe0\xa4\x9c\xe0\xa4\xaa\xe0\xa5\x81\xe0\xa4\xb0\xe0\xa5\x80</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus-_Pagbungkaras_2019-20" title="Coronavirus- Pagbungkaras 2019-20 \xe2\x80\x93 Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="\xd0\x9a\xd0\xbe\xd1\x80\xd0\xbe\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb0\xd0\xb2\xd0\xb8\xd1\x80\xd1\x83\xd1\x81\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb0 \xd0\xbf\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb4\xd0\xb5\xd0\xbc\xd0\xb8\xd1\x8f \xe2\x80\x93 Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd0\x91\xd1\x8a\xd0\xbb\xd0\xb3\xd0\xb0\xd1\x80\xd1\x81\xd0\xba\xd0\xb8</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="\xe0\xbd\x8f\xe0\xbd\xbc\xe0\xbd\x82\xe0\xbc\x8b\xe0\xbd\x91\xe0\xbd\x96\xe0\xbe\xb1\xe0\xbd\xb2\xe0\xbd\x96\xe0\xbd\xa6\xe0\xbc\x8b\xe0\xbd\xa1\xe0\xbd\xbc\xe0\xbd\x84\xe0\xbd\xa6\xe0\xbc\x8b\xe0\xbd\x81\xe0\xbe\xb1\xe0\xbd\x96\xe0\xbc\x8b\xe0\xbd\xa2\xe0\xbd\xb2\xe0\xbd\x98\xe0\xbd\xa6\xe0\xbc\x8b\xe0\xbd\x93\xe0\xbd\x91\xe0\xbc\x8d \xe2\x80\x93 Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe0\xbd\x96\xe0\xbd\xbc\xe0\xbd\x91\xe0\xbc\x8b\xe0\xbd\xa1\xe0\xbd\xb2\xe0\xbd\x82</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_COVID-a_19" title="Pandemija COVID-a 19 \xe2\x80\x93 Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedreuziad_COVID-19" title="Bedreuziad COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="\xd0\x9a\xd0\xbe\xd1\x80\xd0\xbe\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb0\xd0\xb2\xd0\xb8\xd1\x80\xd1\x83\xd1\x81 \xd1\x82\xd0\xb0\xd1\x85\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbb \xe2\x80\x93 Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd0\x91\xd1\x83\xd1\x80\xd1\x8f\xd0\xb0\xd0\xb4</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A8mia_de_COVID-19" title="Pand\xc3\xa8mia de COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Catal\xc3\xa0</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="COVID-19 \xd0\xbf\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb4\xd0\xb5\xd0\xbc\xd0\xb8 \xe2\x80\x93 Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd0\xa7\xd3\x91\xd0\xb2\xd0\xb0\xd1\x88\xd0\xbb\xd0\xb0</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_pandemya" title="Coronavirus pandemya \xe2\x80\x93 Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemie_covidu-19" title="Pandemie covidu-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xc4\x8ce\xc5\xa1tina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mliri_wa_kachilombo_ka_corona_2019-20" title="Mliri wa kachilombo ka corona 2019-20 \xe2\x80\x93 Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemig_COVID-19" title="Pandemig COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronaviruspandemien" title="Coronaviruspandemien \xe2\x80\x93 Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19-Pandemie" title="COVID-19-Pandemie \xe2\x80\x93 German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="\xe0\xa5\xa8\xe0\xa5\xa6\xe0\xa5\xa7\xe0\xa5\xaf-\xe0\xa5\xa8\xe0\xa5\xa6 \xe0\xa4\x95\xe0\xa5\x8b\xe0\xa4\xb0\xe0\xa5\x8b\xe0\xa4\xa8\xe0\xa4\xbe\xe0\xa4\xad\xe0\xa4\xbe\xe0\xa4\x87\xe0\xa4\xb0\xe0\xa4\xb8 \xe0\xa4\xae\xe0\xa4\xb9\xe0\xa4\xbe\xe0\xa4\xae\xe0\xa4\xbe\xe0\xa4\xb0\xe0\xa5\x80 \xe2\x80\x93 Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe0\xa4\xa1\xe0\xa5\x8b\xe0\xa4\x9f\xe0\xa5\x87\xe0\xa4\xb2\xe0\xa5\x80</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koroonapandeemia" title="Koroonapandeemia \xe2\x80\x93 Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1_COVID-19" title="\xce\xa0\xce\xb1\xce\xbd\xce\xb4\xce\xb7\xce\xbc\xce\xaf\xce\xb1 COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xce\x95\xce\xbb\xce\xbb\xce\xb7\xce\xbd\xce\xb9\xce\xba\xce\xac</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Espa\xc3\xb1ol</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronvirusa_pandemio_de_2019-2021" title="Kronvirusa pandemio de 2019-2021 \xe2\x80\x93 Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemia" title="COVID-19 pandemia \xe2\x80\x93 Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DB%B1%DB%B9" title="\xd8\xaf\xd9\x86\xdb\x8c\xd8\xa7\xda\xaf\xdb\x8c\xd8\xb1\xdb\x8c \xda\xa9\xd9\x88\xd9\x88\xdb\x8c\xd8\xaf-\xdb\xb1\xdb\xb9 \xe2\x80\x93 Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd9\x81\xd8\xa7\xd8\xb1\xd8\xb3\xdb\x8c</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A9mie_de_Covid-19" title="Pand\xc3\xa9mie de Covid-19 \xe2\x80\x93 French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fran\xc3\xa7ais</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paind%C3%A9im_COVID-19" title="Paind\xc3\xa9im COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85" title="2019\xe5\x86\xa0\xe7\x8a\xb6\xe7\x97\x85\xe6\xaf\x92\xe7\x97\x85\xe7\x96\xab\xe6\x83\x85 \xe2\x80\x93 Gan Chinese" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe8\xb4\x9b\xe8\xaa\x9e</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_thai-li%C3%B9-h%C3%A0ng" title="COVID-19 thai-li\xc3\xb9-h\xc3\xa0ng \xe2\x80\x93 Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe5\xae\xa2\xe5\xae\xb6\xe8\xaa\x9e/Hak-k\xc3\xa2-ng\xc3\xae</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%82%9819_%EB%B2%94%EC%9C%A0%ED%96%89" title="\xec\xbd\x94\xeb\xa1\x9c\xeb\x82\x9819 \xeb\xb2\x94\xec\x9c\xa0\xed\x96\x89 \xe2\x80\x93 Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xed\x95\x9c\xea\xb5\xad\xec\x96\xb4</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%CA%BBi_laul%C4%81_kolona" title="Ma\xca\xbbi laul\xc4\x81 kolona \xe2\x80\x93 Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawai\xca\xbbi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="COVID-19 \xd5\xb0\xd5\xa1\xd5\xb4\xd5\xa1\xd5\xbe\xd5\xa1\xd6\x80\xd5\xa1\xd5\xaf \xe2\x80\x93 Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd5\x80\xd5\xa1\xd5\xb5\xd5\xa5\xd6\x80\xd5\xa5\xd5\xb6</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="2019\xe2\x80\x9320 \xe0\xa4\x95\xe0\xa5\x8b\xe0\xa4\xb0\xe0\xa5\x8b\xe0\xa4\xa8\xe0\xa4\xbe\xe0\xa4\xb5\xe0\xa4\xbe\xe0\xa4\xaf\xe0\xa4\xb0\xe0\xa4\xb8 \xe0\xa4\xae\xe0\xa4\xb9\xe0\xa4\xbe\xe0\xa4\xae\xe0\xa4\xbe\xe0\xa4\xb0\xe0\xa5\x80 \xe2\x80\x93 Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe0\xa4\xb9\xe0\xa4\xbf\xe0\xa4\xa8\xe0\xa5\x8d\xe0\xa4\xa6\xe0\xa5\x80</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_COVID-19" title="Pandemija COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_Covid-19" title="Pandemi Covid-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_Covid-19" title="Pandemia de Covid-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%84%E1%95%99%E1%92%A1%E1%94%AA%E1%90%8A%E1%95%90%E1%93%87%E1%96%85-19_%E1%96%83%E1%93%84%E1%90%83%E1%93%90%E1%93%82%E1%90%85%E1%94%AA%E1%93%84%E1%91%A6" title="\xe1\x93\x84\xe1\x95\x99\xe1\x92\xa1\xe1\x94\xaa\xe1\x90\x8a\xe1\x95\x90\xe1\x93\x87\xe1\x96\x85-19 \xe1\x96\x83\xe1\x93\x84\xe1\x90\x83\xe1\x93\x90\xe1\x93\x82\xe1\x90\x85\xe1\x94\xaa\xe1\x93\x84\xe1\x91\xa6 \xe2\x80\x93 Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe1\x90\x83\xe1\x93\x84\xe1\x92\x83\xe1\x91\x8e\xe1\x91\x90\xe1\x91\xa6/inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isifo_se-Coronavirus_2019" title="Isifo se-Coronavirus 2019 \xe2\x80\x93 Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isifo_seCoronavirus_2019" title="Isifo seCoronavirus 2019 \xe2\x80\x93 Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3r%C3%B3naveirufaraldurinn_2019%E2%80%932021" title="K\xc3\xb3r\xc3\xb3naveirufaraldurinn 2019\xe2\x80\x932021 \xe2\x80\x93 Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xc3\x8dslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_di_COVID-19" title="Pandemia di COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" title="\xd7\x9e\xd7\x92\xd7\xa4\xd7\xaa \xd7\x94\xd7\xa7\xd7\x95\xd7\xa8\xd7\x95\xd7\xa0\xd7\x94 \xe2\x80\x93 Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd7\xa2\xd7\x91\xd7\xa8\xd7\x99\xd7\xaa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pageblug_koronavirus_2019%E2%80%932020" title="Pageblug koronavirus 2019\xe2\x80\x932020 \xe2\x80\x93 Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_2019-2020" title="\xe1\x83\x99\xe1\x83\x9d\xe1\x83\xa0\xe1\x83\x9d\xe1\x83\x9c\xe1\x83\x90\xe1\x83\x95\xe1\x83\x98\xe1\x83\xa0\xe1\x83\xa3\xe1\x83\xa1\xe1\x83\x98\xe1\x83\xa1 \xe1\x83\x9e\xe1\x83\x90\xe1\x83\x9c\xe1\x83\x93\xe1\x83\x94\xe1\x83\x9b\xe1\x83\x98\xe1\x83\x90 2019-2020 \xe2\x80\x93 Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe1\x83\xa5\xe1\x83\x90\xe1\x83\xa0\xe1\x83\x97\xe1\x83\xa3\xe1\x83\x9a\xe1\x83\x98</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="COVID-19 \xd0\xbf\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb4\xd0\xb5\xd0\xbc\xd0\xb8\xd1\x8f\xd1\x81\xd1\x8b \xe2\x80\x93 Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd2\x9a\xd0\xb0\xd0\xb7\xd0\xb0\xd2\x9b\xd1\x88\xd0\xb0</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlipuko_wa_virusi_vya_corona_2019-20" title="Mlipuko wa virusi vya corona 2019-20 \xe2\x80\x93 Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_Covid-19" title="Pandemi Covid-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Krey\xc3\xb2l ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belavb%C3%BBna_v%C3%AErusa_Koronay%C3%AA_2019-20" title="Belavb\xc3\xbbna v\xc3\xaerusa Koronay\xc3\xaa 2019-20 \xe2\x80\x93 Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurd\xc3\xae</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="COVID-19 \xd0\xbf\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb4\xd0\xb5\xd0\xbc\xd0\xb8\xd1\x8f\xd1\x81\xd1\x8b \xe2\x80\x93 Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd0\x9a\xd1\x8b\xd1\x80\xd0\xb3\xd1\x8b\xd0\xb7\xd1\x87\xd0\xb0</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%84%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%AA_2019-2020" title="\xe0\xba\x81\xe0\xba\xb2\xe0\xba\x99\xe0\xba\xa5\xe0\xba\xb0\xe0\xba\x9a\xe0\xba\xb2\xe0\xba\x94\xe0\xba\x97\xe0\xba\xbb\xe0\xbb\x88\xe0\xba\xa7\xe0\xba\x82\xe0\xba\xad\xe0\xba\x87\xe0\xbb\x82\xe0\xba\x84\xe0\xbb\x82\xe0\xba\xa3\xe0\xba\x99\xe0\xba\xb2\xe0\xbb\x84\xe0\xba\xa7\xe0\xba\xa3\xe0\xba\xb1\xe0\xba\xaa 2019-2020 \xe2\x80\x93 Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe0\xba\xa5\xe0\xba\xb2\xe0\xba\xa7</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pand%C4%93mija" title="COVID-19 pand\xc4\x93mija \xe2\x80\x93 Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latvie\xc5\xa1u</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19-Pandemie" title="COVID-19-Pandemie \xe2\x80\x93 Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>L\xc3\xabtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemija" title="COVID-19 pandemija \xe2\x80\x93 Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvi\xc5\xb3</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandem%C3%AEa_de_COVID-19_do_2019-2020" title="Pandem\xc3\xaea de COVID-19 do 2019-2020 \xe2\x80\x93 Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemica_de_coronavirus_de_2019-2020" title="Pandemica de coronavirus de 2019-2020 \xe2\x80\x93 Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covid19-pand%C3%A9mia" title="Covid19-pand\xc3\xa9mia \xe2\x80\x93 Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%98%D0%94-19" title="\xd0\x9f\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb4\xd0\xb5\xd0\xbc\xd0\xb8\xd1\x98\xd0\xb0 \xd0\xbd\xd0\xb0 \xd0\x9a\xd0\x9e\xd0\x92\xd0\x98\xd0\x94-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd0\x9c\xd0\xb0\xd0\xba\xd0\xb5\xd0\xb4\xd0\xbe\xd0\xbd\xd1\x81\xd0\xba\xd0\xb8</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D-19_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="\xe0\xb4\x95\xe0\xb5\x8b\xe0\xb4\xb5\xe0\xb4\xbf\xe0\xb4\xa1\xe0\xb5\x8d-19 \xe0\xb4\x86\xe0\xb4\x97\xe0\xb5\x8b\xe0\xb4\xb3 \xe0\xb4\xae\xe0\xb4\xb9\xe0\xb4\xbe\xe0\xb4\xae\xe0\xb4\xbe\xe0\xb4\xb0\xe0\xb4\xbf \xe2\x80\x93 Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe0\xb4\xae\xe0\xb4\xb2\xe0\xb4\xaf\xe0\xb4\xbe\xe0\xb4\xb3\xe0\xb4\x82</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_tal-COVID-19" title="Pandemija tal-COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95" title="\xe0\xa5\xa8\xe0\xa5\xa6\xe0\xa5\xa7\xe0\xa5\xaf-\xe0\xa5\xa8\xe0\xa5\xa6\xe0\xa5\xa8\xe0\xa5\xa6 \xe0\xa4\xb5\xe0\xa5\x81\xe0\xa4\xb9\xe0\xa4\xbe\xe0\xa4\xa8 \xe0\xa4\x95\xe0\xa5\x8b\xe0\xa4\xb0\xe0\xa5\x8b\xe0\xa4\xa8\xe0\xa4\xbe \xe0\xa4\xb5\xe0\xa5\x8d\xe0\xa4\xb9\xe0\xa4\xbe\xe0\xa4\xaf\xe0\xa4\xb0\xe0\xa4\xb8\xe0\xa4\x9a\xe0\xa4\xbe \xe0\xa4\x89\xe0\xa4\xa6\xe0\xa5\x8d\xe0\xa4\xb0\xe0\xa5\x87\xe0\xa4\x95 \xe2\x80\x93 Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe0\xa4\xae\xe0\xa4\xb0\xe0\xa4\xbe\xe0\xa4\xa0\xe0\xa5\x80</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%83%D9%88%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%AF-19" title="\xd9\x88\xd8\xa8\xd8\xa7\xd8\xa1 \xd9\x83\xd9\x88\xda\xa4\xd9\x8a\xd8\xaf-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd9\x85\xd8\xb5\xd8\xb1\xd9\x89</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemik_COVID-19" title="Pandemik COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5_%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%81_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5_%EA%AF%B2%EA%AF%B0%EA%AF%B1%EA%AF%B9_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A0" title="\xea\xaf\x80\xea\xaf\xa3\xea\xaf\x94\xea\xaf\xa3\xea\xaf\x85\xea\xaf\xa5 \xea\xaf\x9a\xea\xaf\xa5\xea\xaf\x8f\xea\xaf\x94\xea\xaf\x81 \xea\xaf\x82\xea\xaf\xa9\xea\xaf\x85\xea\xaf\xa5 \xea\xaf\xb2\xea\xaf\xb0\xea\xaf\xb1\xea\xaf\xb9 \xea\xaf\x82\xea\xaf\xa5\xea\xaf\x8f\xea\xaf\x86\xea\xaf\xa0 \xe2\x80\x93 Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xea\xaf\x83\xea\xaf\xa4\xea\xaf\x87\xea\xaf\xa9 \xea\xaf\x82\xea\xaf\xa3\xea\xaf\x9f</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_koronavirus_2019%E2%80%932020" title="Pandemi koronavirus 2019\xe2\x80\x932020 \xe2\x80\x93 Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%C4%ADk-c%C3%ACng" title="COVID-19 \xc4\xadk-c\xc3\xacng \xe2\x80\x93 Min Dong Chinese" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>M\xc3\xacng-d\xc4\x95\xcc\xa4ng-ng\xe1\xb9\xb3\xcc\x84</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemie_de_coronab%C3%ADrus" title="Pandemie de coronab\xc3\xadrus \xe2\x80\x93 Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirand\xc3\xa9s</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%82%E1%81%80%E1%81%81%E1%81%89-%E1%81%82%E1%81%80_%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%97%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF" title="\xe1\x81\x82\xe1\x81\x80\xe1\x81\x81\xe1\x81\x89-\xe1\x81\x82\xe1\x81\x80 \xe1\x80\x80\xe1\x80\xad\xe1\x80\xaf\xe1\x80\x9b\xe1\x80\xad\xe1\x80\xaf\xe1\x80\x94\xe1\x80\xac\xe1\x80\x97\xe1\x80\xad\xe1\x80\xaf\xe1\x80\x84\xe1\x80\xba\xe1\x80\xb8\xe1\x80\x9b\xe1\x80\x95\xe1\x80\xba\xe1\x80\x85\xe1\x80\xba \xe1\x80\x96\xe1\x80\xbc\xe1\x80\x85\xe1\x80\xba\xe1\x80\x95\xe1\x80\xbd\xe1\x80\xac\xe1\x80\xb8\xe1\x80\x99\xe1\x80\xbe\xe1\x80\xaf \xe2\x80\x93 Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe1\x80\x99\xe1\x80\xbc\xe1\x80\x94\xe1\x80\xba\xe1\x80\x99\xe1\x80\xac\xe1\x80\x98\xe1\x80\xac\xe1\x80\x9e\xe1\x80\xac</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronapandemie" title="Coronapandemie \xe2\x80\x93 Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="\xe0\xa5\xa8\xe0\xa5\xa6\xe0\xa5\xa7\xe0\xa5\xaf-\xe0\xa5\xa8\xe0\xa5\xa6 \xe0\xa4\x95\xe0\xa5\x8b\xe0\xa4\xb0\xe0\xa5\x8b\xe0\xa4\xa8\xe0\xa4\xbe \xe0\xa4\xad\xe0\xa4\xbe\xe0\xa4\x87\xe0\xa4\xb0\xe0\xa4\xb8 \xe0\xa4\xaa\xe0\xa5\x8d\xe0\xa4\xb0\xe0\xa4\x95\xe0\xa5\x8b\xe0\xa4\xaa \xe2\x80\x93 Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe0\xa4\xa8\xe0\xa5\x87\xe0\xa4\xaa\xe0\xa4\xbe\xe0\xa4\xb2\xe0\xa5\x80</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E7%97%87%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C_(2019%E5%B9%B4-)" title="\xe6\x96\xb0\xe5\x9e\x8b\xe3\x82\xb3\xe3\x83\xad\xe3\x83\x8a\xe3\x82\xa6\xe3\x82\xa4\xe3\x83\xab\xe3\x82\xb9\xe6\x84\x9f\xe6\x9f\x93\xe7\x97\x87\xe3\x81\xae\xe4\xb8\x96\xe7\x95\x8c\xe7\x9a\x84\xe6\xb5\x81\xe8\xa1\x8c (2019\xe5\xb9\xb4-) \xe2\x80\x93 Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe6\x97\xa5\xe6\x9c\xac\xe8\xaa\x9e</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="COVID-19 \xd1\x83\xd1\x8c\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbd \xd0\xbf\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb4\xd0\xb5\xd0\xbc\xd0\xb8 \xe2\x80\x93 Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd0\x9d\xd0\xbe\xd1\x85\xd1\x87\xd0\xb8\xd0\xb9\xd0\xbd</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronaviruspandemien" title="Koronaviruspandemien \xe2\x80\x93 Norwegian Bokm\xc3\xa5l" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokm\xc3\xa5l</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronapandemien" title="Koronapandemien \xe2\x80\x93 Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemiyasi" title="COVID-19 pandemiyasi \xe2\x80\x93 Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>O\xca\xbbzbekcha/\xd1\x9e\xd0\xb7\xd0\xb1\xd0\xb5\xd0\xba\xd1\x87\xd0\xb0</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="2019\xe2\x80\x9320 \xe0\xa8\x95\xe0\xa9\x8b\xe0\xa8\xb0\xe0\xa9\x8b\xe0\xa8\xa8\xe0\xa8\xbe\xe0\xa8\xb5\xe0\xa8\xbe\xe0\xa8\x87\xe0\xa8\xb0\xe0\xa8\xb8 \xe0\xa8\xae\xe0\xa8\xb9\xe0\xa8\xbe\xe0\xa8\xae\xe0\xa8\xbe\xe0\xa8\xb0\xe0\xa9\x80 \xe2\x80\x93 Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe0\xa8\xaa\xe0\xa9\xb0\xe0\xa8\x9c\xe0\xa8\xbe\xe0\xa8\xac\xe0\xa9\x80</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%8C_2019%D8%A1_-_2020%D8%A1" title="\xda\xa9\xd9\x88\xd8\xb1\xd9\x88\xd9\x86\xd8\xa7 \xd9\x88\xd8\xa7\xd8\xa6\xd8\xb1\xd8\xb3 \xd8\xaf\xdb\x8c \xd8\xb9\xd8\xa7\xd9\x84\xd9\x85\xdb\x8c \xd9\x88\xd8\xa8\xd8\xa7\xd8\x8c 2019\xd8\xa1 - 2020\xd8\xa1 \xe2\x80\x93 Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd9\xbe\xd9\x86\xd8\xac\xd8\xa7\xd8\xa8\xdb\x8c</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_coronavirus_2019-2020" title="Pandemia coronavirus 2019-2020 \xe2\x80\x93 Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%A1%E1%9F%A9" title="\xe1\x9e\x87\xe1\x9e\x98\xe1\x9f\x92\xe1\x9e\x84\xe1\x9e\xba\xe1\x9e\x9a\xe1\x9e\xb6\xe1\x9e\x8f\xe1\x9e\x8f\xe1\x9f\x92\xe1\x9e\x94\xe1\x9e\xb6\xe1\x9e\x8f\xe1\x9e\x80\xe1\x9e\xbc\xe1\x9e\x9c\xe1\x9e\xb8\xe1\x9e\x8a\xe1\x9f\xa1\xe1\x9f\xa9 \xe2\x80\x93 Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe1\x9e\x97\xe1\x9e\xb6\xe1\x9e\x9f\xe1\x9e\xb6\xe1\x9e\x81\xe1\x9f\x92\xe1\x9e\x98\xe1\x9f\x82\xe1\x9e\x9a</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic \xe2\x80\x93 Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_COVID-19" title="Pandemia COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Portugu\xc3\xaas</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rom\xc3\xa2n\xc4\x83</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurunawirus_lliw_unqurichiq" title="Kurunawirus lliw unqurichiq \xe2\x80\x93 Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0_COVID-19" title="\xd0\x9f\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb4\xd0\xb5\xd0\xbc\xd1\x96\xd1\x8f \xd0\xba\xd0\xbe\xd1\x80\xd0\xbe\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb0\xd0\xb2\xd1\x96\xd1\x80\xd1\x83\xd1\x81\xd0\xb0 COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd0\xa0\xd1\x83\xd1\x81\xd0\xb8\xd0\xbd\xd1\x8c\xd1\x81\xd0\xba\xd1\x8b\xd0\xb9</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_COVID-19" title="\xd0\x9f\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb4\xd0\xb5\xd0\xbc\xd0\xb8\xd1\x8f COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd0\xa0\xd1\x83\xd1\x81\xd1\x81\xd0\xba\xd0\xb8\xd0\xb9</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" title="COVID-19 \xd0\xbf\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb4\xd0\xb5\xd0\xbc\xd0\xb8\xd1\x8f\xd1\x82\xd0\xb0 \xe2\x80\x93 Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd0\xa1\xd0\xb0\xd1\x85\xd0\xb0 \xd1\x82\xd1\x8b\xd0\xbb\xd0\xb0</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%92%E1%B1%90%E1%B1%91%E1%B1%99-%E1%B1%92%E1%B1%90_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C_%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AB_%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AD" title="\xe1\xb1\x92\xe1\xb1\x90\xe1\xb1\x91\xe1\xb1\x99-\xe1\xb1\x92\xe1\xb1\x90 \xe1\xb1\xa5\xe1\xb1\xae\xe1\xb1\xa8\xe1\xb1\xa2\xe1\xb1\x9f \xe1\xb1\xa8\xe1\xb1\xae \xe1\xb1\xa0\xe1\xb1\x9a\xe1\xb1\xa8\xe1\xb1\x9a\xe1\xb1\xb1\xe1\xb1\x9f \xe1\xb1\xb5\xe1\xb1\xb7\xe1\xb1\x9f\xe1\xb1\xad\xe1\xb1\xa8\xe1\xb1\x9f\xe1\xb1\xa5 \xe1\xb1\xa8\xe1\xb1\xae\xe1\xb1\xad\xe1\xb1\x9f\xe1\xb1\x9c \xe1\xb1\xa1\xe1\xb1\xae\xe1\xb1\x9c\xe1\xb1\xae\xe1\xb1\xab \xe1\xb1\xab\xe1\xb1\xb3\xe1\xb1\xb9\xe1\xb1\xa8\xe1\xb1\x9e\xe1\xb1\x9a\xe1\xb1\xad \xe2\x80\x93 Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe1\xb1\xa5\xe1\xb1\x9f\xe1\xb1\xb1\xe1\xb1\x9b\xe1\xb1\x9f\xe1\xb1\xb2\xe1\xb1\xa4</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A8mia_de_COVID-19" title="Pand\xc3\xa8mia de COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic \xe2\x80\x93 Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefu_la_Coronavirus" title="Lefu la Coronavirus \xe2\x80\x93 Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolwetse_jwa_Mogare_wa_Khorona_2019" title="Bolwetse jwa Mogare wa Khorona 2019 \xe2\x80\x93 Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_e_COVID-19" title="Pandemia e COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A-19_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="\xe0\xb6\x9a\xe0\xb7\x9c\xe0\xb7\x80\xe0\xb7\x92\xe0\xb6\xa9\xe0\xb7\x8a-19 \xe0\xb7\x80\xe0\xb7\x8a\xe2\x80\x8d\xe0\xb6\xba\xe0\xb7\x8f\xe0\xb6\xb4\xe0\xb7\x8a\xe0\xb6\xad \xe0\xb7\x80\xe0\xb7\x83\xe0\xb6\x82\xe0\xb6\x9c\xe0\xb6\xad\xe0\xb6\xba \xe2\x80\x93 Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe0\xb7\x83\xe0\xb7\x92\xe0\xb6\x82\xe0\xb7\x84\xe0\xb6\xbd</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic \xe2\x80\x93 Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_%DA%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="2019\xe2\x80\x9320 \xda\xaa\xd9\x88\xd8\xb1\xd9\x88\xd9\x86\xd8\xa7\xd9\x88\xd8\xa7\xd8\xa6\xd8\xb1\xd8\xb3 \xd9\x85\xd9\x87\xd8\xa7 \xd9\x88\xd8\xa8\xd8\xa7 \xe2\x80\x93 Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd8\xb3\xd9\x86\xda\x8c\xd9\x8a</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A9mia_ochorenia_COVID-19" title="Pand\xc3\xa9mia ochorenia COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sloven\xc4\x8dina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_koronavirusne_bolezni_2019" title="Pandemija koronavirusne bolezni 2019 \xe2\x80\x93 Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sloven\xc5\xa1\xc4\x8dina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandymijo_COVID-19" title="Pandymijo COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xc5\x9al\xc5\xafnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayraska_faafa_ee_Korona_2019%E2%80%9320" title="Fayraska faafa ee Korona 2019\xe2\x80\x9320 \xe2\x80\x93 Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%A2%D9%A0%D9%A1%D9%A9%E2%80%93%D9%A2%D9%A0" title="\xda\xaf\xd8\xb4\xd8\xaa\xda\xaf\xdb\x8c\xd8\xb1\xd8\xa8\xd9\x88\xd9\x88\xd9\x86\xdb\x8c \xda\xa4\xd8\xa7\xdb\x8c\xd8\xb1\xdb\x86\xd8\xb3\xdb\x8c \xda\xa9\xdb\x86\xd8\xb1\xdb\x86\xd9\x86\xd8\xa7\xdb\x8c \xd9\xa2\xd9\xa0\xd9\xa1\xd9\xa9\xe2\x80\x93\xd9\xa2\xd9\xa0 \xe2\x80\x93 Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xda\xa9\xd9\x88\xd8\xb1\xd8\xaf\xdb\x8c</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0_19" title="\xd0\x9f\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb4\xd0\xb5\xd0\xbc\xd0\xb8\xd1\x98\xd0\xb0 \xd0\xba\xd0\xbe\xd0\xb2\xd0\xb8\xd0\xb4\xd0\xb0 19 \xe2\x80\x93 Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd0\xa1\xd1\x80\xd0\xbf\xd1\x81\xd0\xba\xd0\xb8 / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_COVID-19" title="Pandemija COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / \xd1\x81\xd1\x80\xd0\xbf\xd1\x81\xd0\xba\xd0\xbe\xd1\x85\xd1\x80\xd0\xb2\xd0\xb0\xd1\x82\xd1\x81\xd0\xba\xd0\xb8</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronaviruspandemia_2019%E2%80%93" title="Koronaviruspandemia 2019\xe2\x80\x93 \xe2\x80\x93 Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronaviruspandemin_2019%E2%80%932021" title="Coronaviruspandemin 2019\xe2\x80\x932021 \xe2\x80\x93 Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemya_ng_COVID-19" title="Pandemya ng COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D-19_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="\xe0\xae\x95\xe0\xaf\x8b\xe0\xae\xb5\xe0\xae\xbf\xe0\xae\x9f\xe0\xaf\x8d-19 \xe0\xae\xaa\xe0\xaf\x86\xe0\xae\xb0\xe0\xaf\x81\xe0\xae\xa8\xe0\xaf\x8d\xe0\xae\xa4\xe0\xaf\x8a\xe0\xae\xb1\xe0\xaf\x8d\xe0\xae\xb1\xe0\xaf\x81 \xe2\x80\x93 Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe0\xae\xa4\xe0\xae\xae\xe0\xae\xbf\xe0\xae\xb4\xe0\xaf\x8d</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADan_n_kurunafirus_2019" title="A\xe1\xb9\xad\xe1\xb9\xadan n kurunafirus 2019 \xe2\x80\x93 Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tacl\xe1\xb8\xa5it</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arwas_n_wa%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADan_n_Ku%E1%B9%9Bunavirus_2019-20" title="Arwas n wa\xe1\xb9\xad\xe1\xb9\xadan n Ku\xe1\xb9\x9bunavirus 2019-20 \xe2\x80\x93 Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%95%E1%80%B5%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B5%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9D%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%82%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%81%B6%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%87_2019-20" title="\xe1\x80\x9c\xe1\x80\xbd\xe1\x80\x84\xe1\x80\xba\xe1\x82\x88\xe1\x80\x95\xe1\x80\xb5\xe1\x81\xbc\xe1\x80\xba\xe1\x80\x90\xe1\x81\xa2\xe1\x80\x84\xe1\x80\xba\xe1\x80\xb8\xe1\x80\x95\xe1\x80\xb5\xe1\x81\xbc\xe1\x80\xba \xe1\x80\x9d\xe1\x81\xa2\xe1\x82\x86\xe1\x80\xb8\xe1\x80\x9b\xe1\x82\x85\xe1\x80\x90\xe1\x80\xba\xe1\x82\x89\xe1\x81\xb6\xe1\x80\xb0\xe1\x80\x9d\xe1\x80\xba\xe1\x82\x87\xe1\x80\x9b\xe1\x80\xb0\xe1\x80\x9d\xe1\x80\xba\xe1\x82\x87\xe1\x81\xbc\xe1\x82\x83\xe1\x82\x87 2019-20 \xe2\x80\x93 Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe1\x81\xbd\xe1\x82\x83\xe1\x82\x87\xe1\x80\x9e\xe1\x82\x83\xe1\x82\x87\xe1\x80\x90\xe1\x82\x86\xe1\x80\xb8 </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9321_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF" title="2019\xe2\x80\x9321 \xe0\xb0\x95\xe0\xb0\xb0\xe0\xb1\x8b\xe0\xb0\xa8\xe0\xb0\xbe\xe0\xb0\xb5\xe0\xb1\x88\xe0\xb0\xb0\xe0\xb0\xb8\xe0\xb1\x8d \xe0\xb0\xae\xe0\xb0\xb9\xe0\xb0\xae\xe0\xb1\x8d\xe0\xb0\xae\xe0\xb0\xbe\xe0\xb0\xb0\xe0\xb0\xbf \xe2\x80\x93 Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe0\xb0\xa4\xe0\xb1\x86\xe0\xb0\xb2\xe0\xb1\x81\xe0\xb0\x97\xe0\xb1\x81</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94-19" title="\xe0\xb8\x81\xe0\xb8\xb2\xe0\xb8\xa3\xe0\xb8\xa3\xe0\xb8\xb0\xe0\xb8\x9a\xe0\xb8\xb2\xe0\xb8\x94\xe0\xb8\x97\xe0\xb8\xb1\xe0\xb9\x88\xe0\xb8\xa7\xe0\xb8\x82\xe0\xb8\xad\xe0\xb8\x87\xe0\xb9\x82\xe0\xb8\x84\xe0\xb8\xa7\xe0\xb8\xb4\xe0\xb8\x94-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe0\xb9\x84\xe0\xb8\x97\xe0\xb8\xa2</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%88%E1%89%A0%E1%8B%B3_%E1%8A%AE%E1%89%AA%E1%8B%B5-19" title="\xe1\x88\x88\xe1\x89\xa0\xe1\x8b\xb3 \xe1\x8a\xae\xe1\x89\xaa\xe1\x8b\xb5-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe1\x89\xb5\xe1\x8c\x8d\xe1\x88\xad\xe1\x8a\x9b</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_COVID-19" title="\xd0\x94\xd1\x83\xd0\xbd\xd1\x91\xd0\xb3\xd0\xb8\xd1\x80\xd0\xb8\xd0\xb8 COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd0\xa2\xd0\xbe\xd2\xb7\xd0\xb8\xd0\xba\xd3\xa3</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vhulwadze_Ha_Coronavirus_2019" title="Vhulwadze Ha Coronavirus 2019 \xe2\x80\x93 Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemisi" title="COVID-19 pandemisi \xe2\x80\x93 Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>T\xc3\xbcrk\xc3\xa7e</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korona_wirusy_(2019-2020)" title="Korona wirusy (2019-2020) \xe2\x80\x93 Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>T\xc3\xbcrkmen\xc3\xa7e</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yare%C9%9B_a_y%C9%9B_fr%C9%9B_no_Coronavirus" title="Yare\xc9\x9b a y\xc9\x9b fr\xc9\x9b no Coronavirus \xe2\x80\x93 Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%8C%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%93%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%89-19_%E1%A8%84%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%89%E1%A8%99%E1%A8%86%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%80" title="\xe1\xa8\x8c\xe1\xa8\x9a\xe1\xa8\x93\xe1\xa8\x97\xe1\xa8\x89-19 \xe1\xa8\x84\xe1\xa8\x95\xe1\xa8\x8a\xe1\xa8\x89\xe1\xa8\x99\xe1\xa8\x86\xe1\xa8\x97\xe1\xa8\x80 \xe2\x80\x93 Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe1\xa8\x85\xe1\xa8\x94 \xe1\xa8\x95\xe1\xa8\x98\xe1\xa8\x81\xe1\xa8\x97</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_2019" title="\xd0\x9f\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb4\xd0\xb5\xd0\xbc\xd1\x96\xd1\x8f \xd0\xba\xd0\xbe\xd1\x80\xd0\xbe\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb0\xd0\xb2\xd1\x96\xd1\x80\xd1\x83\xd1\x81\xd0\xbd\xd0\xbe\xd1\x97 \xd1\x85\xd0\xb2\xd0\xbe\xd1\x80\xd0\xbe\xd0\xb1\xd0\xb8 2019 \xe2\x80\x93 Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd0\xa3\xd0\xba\xd1\x80\xd0\xb0\xd1\x97\xd0\xbd\xd1\x81\xd1\x8c\xd0\xba\xd0\xb0</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%B3_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="\xda\xa9\xd9\x88\xd8\xb1\xd9\x88\xd9\x86\xd8\xa7 \xd9\x88\xd8\xa7\xd8\xa6\xd8\xb1\xd8\xb3 \xda\xa9\xdb\x8c \xd8\xb9\xd8\xa7\xd9\x84\xd9\x85\xdb\x8c \xd9\x88\xd8\xa8\xd8\xa7 \xe2\x80\x93 Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd8\xa7\xd8\xb1\xd8\xaf\xd9\x88</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-2020_%DB%8B%DB%87%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8B%D9%89%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%89%DA%AD_%D8%B4%D9%89%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B4%D9%89_%DB%8B%DB%95%D9%82%DB%95%D8%B3%D9%89" title="2019-2020 \xdb\x8b\xdb\x87\xd8\xae\xdb\x95\xd9\x86 \xd8\xaa\xd8\xa7\xd8\xac\xd9\x89\xd8\xb3\xd9\x89\xd9\x85\xd8\xa7\xd9\x86 \xdb\x8b\xd9\x89\xd8\xb1\xdb\x87\xd8\xb3\xd9\x86\xd9\x89\xda\xad \xd8\xb4\xd9\x89\xd8\xaf\xd8\xaf\xdb\x95\xd8\xaa\xd9\x84\xd9\x89\xd9\x83 \xd8\xaa\xd8\xa7\xd8\xb1\xd9\x82\xd9\x89\xd9\x84\xd9\x89\xd8\xb4\xd9\x89 \xdb\x8b\xdb\x95\xd9\x82\xdb\x95\xd8\xb3\xd9\x89 \xe2\x80\x93 Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd8\xa6\xdb\x87\xd9\x8a\xd8\xba\xdb\x87\xd8\xb1\xda\x86\xdb\x95 / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>V\xc3\xa8neto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_d%E1%BB%8Bch_COVID-19" title="\xc4\x90\xe1\xba\xa1i d\xe1\xbb\x8bch COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ti\xe1\xba\xbfng Vi\xe1\xbb\x87t</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B1%E4%BA%A5%E8%8D%8A%E6%A5%9A%E5%A4%A7%E7%96%AB" title="\xe5\xb7\xb1\xe4\xba\xa5\xe8\x8d\x8a\xe6\xa5\x9a\xe5\xa4\xa7\xe7\x96\xab \xe2\x80\x93 Classical Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe6\x96\x87\xe8\xa8\x80</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemya_nga_COVID-19" title="Pandemya nga COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A0ngoro_Koronaawiris_2019" title="J\xc3\xa0ngoro Koronaawiris 2019 \xe2\x80\x93 Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8B%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E%E4%BA%8B%E4%BD%93" title="2019\xe6\x96\xb0\xe5\x9e\x8b\xe5\x86\xa0\xe7\x8a\xb6\xe7\x97\x85\xe6\xaf\x92\xe8\x82\xba\xe7\x82\x8e\xe4\xba\x8b\xe4\xbd\x93 \xe2\x80\x93 Wu Chinese" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe5\x90\xb4\xe8\xaf\xad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntungu_wa_Khorona_ya_2019" title="Ntungu wa Khorona ya 2019 \xe2\x80\x93 Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93-19_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7" title="\xd7\xa7\xd7\x90\xd7\x95\xd7\x95\xd7\x99\xd7\x93-19 \xd7\xa4\xd7\x90\xd7\xa0\xd7\x93\xd7\xa2\xd7\x9e\xd7\x99\xd7\xa7 \xe2\x80\x93 Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xd7\x99\xd7\x99\xd6\xb4\xd7\x93\xd7\x99\xd7\xa9</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80j%C3%A0k%C3%A1y%C3%A9-%C3%A0r%C3%B9n_%C3%A8r%C3%A0nk%C3%B2r%C3%B3n%C3%A0_%E1%BB%8Dd%C3%BAn_2019-2020" title="\xc3\x80j\xc3\xa0k\xc3\xa1y\xc3\xa9-\xc3\xa0r\xc3\xb9n \xc3\xa8r\xc3\xa0nk\xc3\xb2r\xc3\xb3n\xc3\xa0 \xe1\xbb\x8dd\xc3\xban 2019-2020 \xe2\x80\x93 Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yor\xc3\xb9b\xc3\xa1</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E6%BC%A2%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E%E5%A4%A7%E7%88%86%E7%99%BC" title="\xe6\xad\xa6\xe6\xbc\xa2\xe8\x82\xba\xe7\x82\x8e\xe5\xa4\xa7\xe7\x88\x86\xe7\x99\xbc \xe2\x80\x93 Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe7\xb2\xb5\xe8\xaa\x9e</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemiya_COVID-19i" title="Pandemiya COVID-19i \xe2\x80\x93 Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-2020_m._Kuoruonas_v%C4%97rosa_ep%C4%97dem%C4%97j%C4%97" title="2019-2020 m. Kuoruonas v\xc4\x97rosa ep\xc4\x97dem\xc4\x97j\xc4\x97 \xe2\x80\x93 Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xc5\xbdemait\xc4\x97\xc5\xa1ka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85" title="2019\xe5\x86\xa0\xe7\x8a\xb6\xe7\x97\x85\xe6\xaf\x92\xe7\x97\x85\xe7\x96\xab\xe6\x83\x85 \xe2\x80\x93 Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>\xe4\xb8\xad\xe6\x96\x87</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19 \xe2\x80\x93 Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li></ul>\n\t\t<div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81068910#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div>\n\t</div>\n</nav>\n\n</div>\n\n</div>\n<footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" role="contentinfo" >\n\t<ul id="footer-info">\n\t<li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 October 2021, at 12:04<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li>\n\t<li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="license" href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a><a rel="license" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" style="display:none;"></a>;\nadditional terms may apply. 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pip install bs4
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(wiki.content,'html.parser')
print(soup)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs" dir="ltr" lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<title>COVID-19 pandemic - Wikipedia</title>
<script>document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":!1,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"3a2720a8-d712-4d87-a886-403869a540f3","wgCSPNonce":!1,"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":!1,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"COVID-19_pandemic","wgTitle":"COVID-19 pandemic","wgCurRevisionId":1051252743,"wgRevisionId":1051252743,"wgArticleId":62750956,"wgIsArticle":!0,"wgIsRedirect":!1,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)","CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)","Articles containing Chinese-language text","CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of May 2021","CS1 uses Persian-language script (fa)","CS1 Persian-language sources (fa)",
"CS1 uses Korean-language script (ko)","CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)","CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages","Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages","Current events from February 2020","Use British English from June 2021","Use dmy dates from September 2021","Articles with excerpts","All articles with failed verification","Articles with failed verification from August 2021","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021","Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2020","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from February 2021","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating",
"All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases","Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from August 2021","Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2020","Articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2020","Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2021","Use British English from June 2020","Use dmy dates from June 2020","Citation overkill","Articles tagged with the inline citation overkill template from October 2021","Articles containing potentially dated statements from May 2021","Articles containing video clips","Pages using the Graph extension","COVID-19 pandemic","Pandemics","2010s disease outbreaks","2020s disease outbreaks","2020s economic history","21st-century epidemics","21st-century health disasters","21st century in health","2019 disasters","2019 disasters in China","2019 health disasters","2019 in international relations","2020 disasters","2020 health disasters",
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<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading">COVID-19 pandemic</h1>
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<div class="noprint" id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" id="mw-content-text" lang="en"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019</div>
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</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048617464">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th class="infobox-above" colspan="2" style="background:#FFCCCB">COVID-19 pandemic</th></tr><tr><td class="infobox-image" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Nurse.jpg"><img alt="COVID-19 Nurse.jpg" data-file-height="1080" data-file-width="1920" decoding="async" height="169" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/COVID-19_Nurse.jpg/300px-COVID-19_Nurse.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/COVID-19_Nurse.jpg/450px-COVID-19_Nurse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/COVID-19_Nurse.jpg/600px-COVID-19_Nurse.jpg 2x" width="300"/></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">A nurse treats a COVID-19 patient in an <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">intensive care unit</a> aboard a US <a href="/wiki/Hospital_ship" title="Hospital ship">hospital ship</a> in April 2020 </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-image" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg"><img alt="COVID-19 Outbreak World Map Total Deaths per Capita.svg" data-file-height="1398" data-file-width="2754" decoding="async" height="168" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg/330px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg/495px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg/660px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg.png 2x" width="330"/></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Confirmed deaths per 100,000 population<br/>as of 18 October 2021</div>
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<tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em;"><div style="margin:0 3.5em"><span class="nowrap">Cases per capita</span></div></th>
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<div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-image" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg"><img alt="COVID-19 Outbreak World Map per Capita.svg" data-file-height="1500" data-file-width="2921" decoding="async" height="164" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg/320px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg/480px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg/640px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg.png 2x" width="320"/></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Cumulative percentage of population infected<br/>as of 3 October 2021</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r998391716">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col plainlist" style="column-width: 8em;column-gap: 0;">
<ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#290000; color:white;"> </span> >10%</span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#510000; color:white;"> </span> 3–10%</span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#900000; color:white;"> </span> 1–3%</span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#c80200; color:white;"> </span> 0.3–1%</span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ee7070; color:black;"> </span> 0.1–0.3%</span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffc0c0; color:black;"> </span> 0.03–0.1%</span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffdfe0; color:black;"> </span> 0–0.03%</span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#e0e0e0; color:black;"> </span> None or no data</span></li></ul>
</div>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">Disease</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">Coronavirus disease 2019</a> (COVID-19)</td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">Virus strain</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">Severe acute respiratory syndrome<br/>coronavirus 2</a> (SARS‑CoV‑2)</td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">Source</th><td class="infobox-data">Bats,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> likely indirectly<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-who-origins-20210330_2-0"><a href="#cite_note-who-origins-20210330-2">[2]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Worldwide</a></td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Index_case" title="Index case">Index case</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, Hubei, China<br/><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r994658806">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=COVID-19_pandemic&params=30_37_11_N_114_15_28_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-42"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°37′11″N</span> <span class="longitude">114°15′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.61972°N 114.25778°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.61972; 114.25778</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">17 November 2019<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2019-11-17</span>)</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> – present<br/>(1 year, 11 months and 1 week)</td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">Confirmed cases</th><td class="infobox-data">243,226,997<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-0"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Deaths</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,941,660<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-1"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup> (reported) <br/> 9.5–18.6 million (estimated total)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:7_5-0"><a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_Projections_6-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_Projections-6">[6]</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1045330069">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:COVID-19_pandemic" title="Category:COVID-19 pandemic">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">COVID-19 pandemic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png" title='Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom.'><img alt='Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom.' data-file-height="2048" data-file-width="2048" decoding="async" height="110" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/110px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/165px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/220px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png 2x" width="110"/></a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> (disease)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">SARS-CoV-2</a> (virus)</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">Cases</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">2019</a></b><br/>
<p><b>2020</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">January</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">February</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">March</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">April</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">May</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">June</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">July</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">August</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">September</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">October</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">November</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">December</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<p><b>2021</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">January</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">February</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">March</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">April</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">May</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">June</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">July</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">August</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">September</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">October</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Locations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">By country and territory</a></b>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">Asia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">North America</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">Oceania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South America</a></li></ul>
<p><b>By conveyance</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships">Cruise ships</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships">Naval ships</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;">International response</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Evacuations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">Face masks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">International aid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">Investigations into origin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">Lockdowns</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">Misinformation</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments" title="COVID-19 misinformation by governments">By governments</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China" title="COVID-19 misinformation by China">China</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 misinformation by the United States">US</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">Fake treatments</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_anti-lockdown_protests_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 anti-lockdown protests in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation" title="Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">Software</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Travel restrictions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic">United Nations</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic">World Health Organization</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Waiver_from_certain_provisions_of_the_TRIPS_Agreement_for_the_Prevention,_Containment_and_Treatment_of_COVID-19" title="Waiver from certain provisions of the TRIPS Agreement for the Prevention, Containment and Treatment of COVID-19">WTO IP waiver</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country" title="Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country">Undercounting of deaths</a></li></ul>
<p><b><a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">National responses</a></b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Ghana</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">European Union</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Germany</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">India</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">New Zealand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Nigeria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Philippines</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Russia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Sweden</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">UK</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">US</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">federal government</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Vietnam</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;">Medical response</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">Disease testing</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer" title="Coronavirus breathalyzer">Breathalyzer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_COVID-19_tests" title="Development of COVID-19 tests">Development</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">Drug development</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research" title="COVID-19 drug repurposing research">Drug repurposing</a></li></ul>
<p><b><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">Vaccines</a></b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development" title="History of COVID-19 vaccine development">History</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research" title="COVID-19 vaccine clinical research">Research</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination" title="Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination">VITT</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations" title="List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations">Authorizations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">Operation Warp Speed</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy">Misinformation and hesitancy</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card" title="COVID-19 vaccine card">Vaccine card</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">Vaccine passports</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Covaxin" title="Covaxin">Bharat Biotech</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Convidecia" title="Convidecia">CanSino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Janssen COVID-19 vaccine">Janssen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">Oxford–AstraZeneca</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer–BioNTech</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">Sinovac</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">Sputnik V</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ZyCoV-D" title="ZyCoV-D">Zydus Cadila</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant">Alpha</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant">Beta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant">Gamma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant">Epsilon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant">Zeta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant">Eta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant">Theta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant">Iota</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant">Kappa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant">Lambda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant">Mu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Cluster 5</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617" title="SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617">Lineage B.1.617</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Variant_of_concern" title="Variant of concern">Variant of concern</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic impact</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">recession</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage">Arts and culture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation">Aviation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry">Cannabis</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema">Cinema</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">films</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_events_affected_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic">Events</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry">Fashion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Financial markets</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry">Food industry</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada">Canadian meat</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States">US meat</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">Food security</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">Journalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry">Music</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts">Performing arts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail">Retail</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_shipping" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on shipping">Shipping</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports">Sports</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Philippine_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Philippine sports">Philippines</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television">Television</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States">US</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">programs</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">Tourism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry">Video games</a></li></ul>
<p><b>By country</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">US</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Impacts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_animals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on animals">Animals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_black_people" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on black people">Black people</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime">Crime</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">Death rates by country</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities">Disability</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence">Domestic violence</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_evacuation_procedures_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Emergency evacuation procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic">Emergency evacuations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">Education</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana">Ghana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">Environment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">Hospitals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic">Language</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community">LGBT community</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities">Long-term care</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">Mental health</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_COVID-19_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes" title="Impact of COVID-19 on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes">Symptoms</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_migration" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migration">Migration</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military">Military</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">Notable deaths</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_deaths_in_South_Africa" title="List of COVID-19 deaths in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">Other health issues</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Politics</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia">Russia</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy" title="COVID-19 in pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons">Prisons</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion">Religion</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj">Hajj</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Science and technology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Society</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic">Strikes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Xenophobia and racism</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below">
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<p>The <b>COVID-19 pandemic</b>, also known as the <b>coronavirus pandemic</b>, is an ongoing global <a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">pandemic</a> of <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">coronavirus disease 2019</a> (COVID-19) caused by <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</a> (SARS-CoV-2). The <a href="/wiki/Novel_virus" title="Novel virus">novel virus</a> was first identified in the Chinese city of <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a> in December 2019; a <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_China" title="COVID-19 lockdown in China">lockdown in Wuhan</a> and other cities in surrounding <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a> failed to contain the outbreak, and it quickly spread to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">other parts of mainland China</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">around the world</a>. The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) declared a <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Emergency_of_International_Concern" title="Public Health Emergency of International Concern">Public Health Emergency of International Concern</a> on 30 January 2020, and a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Multiple <a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">variants of the virus</a> have emerged and become dominant in many countries since 2021, with the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant">Alpha</a>, <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant">Beta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a> variants being the most <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Virulent" title="Virulent">virulent</a>. As of 23 October 2021, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">more than 243<span class="nowrap"> </span>million cases</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">4.94<span class="nowrap"> </span>million deaths</a> have been confirmed, making it one of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Deadliest_pandemics_in_history" title="Deadliest pandemics in history">deadliest pandemics in history</a>.
</p><p><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/COVID-19_symptoms" title="COVID-19 symptoms">COVID-19 symptoms</a> range from <a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic" title="Asymptomatic">none</a> to life-threatening. Severe illness is more likely in elderly patients and those with certain underlying medical conditions. <a href="/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19" title="Transmission of COVID-19">Transmission of COVID-19</a> occurs when people breathe in air contaminated by droplets and small <a href="/wiki/Airborne_transmission" title="Airborne transmission">airborne</a> particles. The risk of breathing these in is highest when people are in close proximity, but the virus can transmit over longer distances, particularly indoors and in poorly ventilated areas. Transmission can also occur, rarely, via contaminated surfaces or fluids. People remain contagious for up to 20 days, and can spread the virus even if they do not develop symptoms.
</p><p>Several vaccines have been <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">approved and distributed</a> in various countries, which have initiated <a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">mass vaccination campaigns</a> since December 2020. Other recommended <a href="/wiki/Preventive_healthcare" title="Preventive healthcare">preventive measures</a> include <a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">social distancing</a>, wearing <a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">face masks</a> in public, ventilation and air-filtering, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Respiratory_etiquette" title="Respiratory etiquette">covering one's mouth when sneezing or coughing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hand_washing" title="Hand washing">hand washing</a>, disinfecting surfaces, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Self-isolation" title="Self-isolation">quarantining</a> people who have been exposed or are symptomatic. <a href="/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19" title="Treatment and management of COVID-19">Treatments</a> focus on addressing symptoms, but work is underway to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">develop medications</a> that inhibit the virus. Authorities worldwide <a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">have responded</a> by implementing <a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">travel restrictions</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">lockdowns</a>, business closures, <a href="/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19" title="Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19">workplace hazard controls</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">testing</a> protocols, and systems for <a href="/wiki/Contact_tracing" title="Contact tracing">tracing contacts</a> of the infected.
</p><p>The pandemic has resulted in severe <a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">economic disruption</a> around the world, including <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">the largest global recession</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> in the 1930s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RFXoH_7-0"><a href="#cite_note-RFXoH-7">[7]</a></sup> It has led to <a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">widespread supply shortages</a> exacerbated by <a href="/wiki/Panic_buying" title="Panic buying">panic buying</a>, agricultural disruption, and <a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">food shortages</a>. The resultant near-global sustained quarantine saw an <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">unprecedented decrease in the emission of pollutants</a>. Numerous <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">educational institutions</a> and public areas have been partially or fully closed, and many <a href="/wiki/List_of_events_affected_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic">events have been cancelled or postponed</a>. <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">Misinformation has circulated</a> through <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">social media</a> and <a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">mass media</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">political tensions have been exacerbated</a>. The pandemic has raised issues of <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">racial and geographic discrimination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Health_equity" title="Health equity">health equity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Individual_and_group_rights" title="Individual and group rights">the balance</a> between public health imperatives and individual rights.
</p>
<div aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading" class="toc" id="toc" role="navigation"><input class="toctogglecheckbox" id="toctogglecheckbox" role="button" style="display:none" type="checkbox"/><div class="toctitle" dir="ltr" lang="en"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Naming"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Naming</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Epidemiology"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Epidemiology</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Cases"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Cases</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Deaths"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Deaths</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Reporting"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Reporting</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Infection_fatality_ratio_(IFR)"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Infection fatality ratio (IFR)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Case_fatality_ratio_(CFR)"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Case fatality ratio (CFR)</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Disease"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Disease</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Signs_and_symptoms"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Signs and symptoms</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Transmission"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Transmission</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Cause"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Cause</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Diagnosis"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Diagnosis</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Prevention"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Prevention</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Vaccines"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Vaccines</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Treatment"><span class="tocnumber">3.7</span> <span class="toctext">Treatment</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Variants"><span class="tocnumber">3.8</span> <span class="toctext">Variants</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Prognosis"><span class="tocnumber">3.9</span> <span class="toctext">Prognosis</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Mitigation"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Mitigation</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Screening,_containment_and_mitigation"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Screening, containment and mitigation</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Contact_tracing"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Contact tracing</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Health_care"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Health care</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#2019"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">2019</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#2020"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">2020</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#2021"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">2021</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#National_responses"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">National responses</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Asia"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Asia</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="#China"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">China</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="#India"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">India</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="#Iran"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Iran</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><a href="#South_Korea"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">South Korea</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Europe"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Europe</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34"><a href="#France"><span class="tocnumber">6.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">France</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><a href="#Italy"><span class="tocnumber">6.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Italy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="#Spain"><span class="tocnumber">6.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Spain</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-37"><a href="#Sweden"><span class="tocnumber">6.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Sweden</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-38"><a href="#United_Kingdom"><span class="tocnumber">6.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">United Kingdom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#North_America"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">North America</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-40"><a href="#United_States"><span class="tocnumber">6.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">United States</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="#South_America"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">South America</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-42"><a href="#Brazil"><span class="tocnumber">6.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Brazil</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="#Africa"><span class="tocnumber">6.5</span> <span class="toctext">Africa</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="#Oceania"><span class="tocnumber">6.6</span> <span class="toctext">Oceania</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="#Antarctica"><span class="tocnumber">6.7</span> <span class="toctext">Antarctica</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="#International_responses"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">International responses</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47"><a href="#Travel_restrictions"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Travel restrictions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48"><a href="#Evacuation_of_foreign_citizens"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Evacuation of foreign citizens</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49"><a href="#United_Nations_response_measures"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">United Nations response measures</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-50"><a href="#WHO_response_measures"><span class="tocnumber">7.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">WHO response measures</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-51"><a href="#Protests_against_governmental_measures"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Protests against governmental measures</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-52"><a href="#Impact"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Impact</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53"><a href="#Economics"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Economics</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-54"><a href="#Supply_shortages"><span class="tocnumber">8.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Supply shortages</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-55"><a href="#Oil_and_other_energy_markets"><span class="tocnumber">8.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Oil and other energy markets</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-56"><a href="#Culture"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Culture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-57"><a href="#Politics"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Politics</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-58"><a href="#China_2"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">China</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-59"><a href="#Italy_2"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Italy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-60"><a href="#United_States_2"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">United States</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-61"><a href="#Other_countries"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Other countries</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-62"><a href="#Agriculture_and_food_systems"><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span> <span class="toctext">Agriculture and food systems</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-63"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">8.5</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-64"><a href="#Other_health_issues"><span class="tocnumber">8.6</span> <span class="toctext">Other health issues</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-65"><a href="#Environment_and_climate"><span class="tocnumber">8.7</span> <span class="toctext">Environment and climate</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-66"><a href="#Discrimination_and_prejudice"><span class="tocnumber">8.8</span> <span class="toctext">Discrimination and prejudice</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-67"><a href="#Lifestyle_changes"><span class="tocnumber">8.9</span> <span class="toctext">Lifestyle changes</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-68"><a href="#Information_dissemination"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Information dissemination</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-69"><a href="#Misinformation"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Misinformation</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-70"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-71"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-72"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-73"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-74"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-75"><a href="#Health_agencies"><span class="tocnumber">14.1</span> <span class="toctext">Health agencies</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-76"><a href="#Directories"><span class="tocnumber">14.2</span> <span class="toctext">Directories</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-77"><a href="#Data_and_graphs"><span class="tocnumber">14.3</span> <span class="toctext">Data and graphs</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-78"><a href="#Medical_journals"><span class="tocnumber">14.4</span> <span class="toctext">Medical journals</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Naming">Naming</span></h2>
<p>The pandemic is known by several names. It is often referred to as its colloquial name, "the coronavirus pandemic",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> despite the existence of other <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Human_coronaviruses" title="Human coronaviruses">human coronaviruses</a> that have caused epidemics and outbreaks (e.g. <a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002–2004 SARS outbreak">SARS</a>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> Before it was declared a pandemic, it was known as "the coronavirus outbreak" and "Wuhan coronavirus outbreak".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>During <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei">the initial outbreak</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, the virus and disease were commonly referred to as "coronavirus" and "Wuhan coronavirus",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> with the disease sometimes called "Wuhan pneumonia".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> In January 2020, the WHO recommended 2019-nCoV<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> and 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> as interim names for the virus and disease per 2015 guidance and international guidelines against using geographical locations (e.g. Wuhan, China), animal species, or groups of people in disease and virus names in part to prevent <a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">social stigma</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> The official names COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 were issued by the WHO on 11 February 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO-naming_17-0"><a href="#cite_note-WHO-naming-17">[17]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom" title="Tedros Adhanom">Tedros Adhanom</a> explained: CO<span class="nowrap"> </span>for <i>corona</i>, VI<span class="nowrap"> </span>for <i>virus</i>, D<span class="nowrap"> </span>for <i>disease</i> and 19 for when the outbreak was first identified (31 December 2019).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> The WHO additionally uses "the COVID-19 virus" and "the virus responsible for COVID-19" in public communications.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO-naming_17-1"><a href="#cite_note-WHO-naming-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">variants of the virus</a> are also known by several names. Before being given official names by the WHO, they were commonly named after where the variants were found (e.g. Delta variant was known as the Indian variant),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> and are also known colloquially as "variants of concern".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> At the end of May 2021, the WHO assigned labels to all the variants after introducing a new policy of using <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek letters</a> for variants of concern and variants of interest.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC.May.31.2021_22-0"><a href="#cite_note-BBC.May.31.2021-22">[22]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</span></h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1048617464" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><td class="infobox-subheader" colspan="2">For country-level <a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data">data</a>, see:</td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-subheader" colspan="2"><div style="padding:3px 0; font-size:larger;"><b><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-image" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country" title="732-bar-chart"><img alt="732-bar-chart" data-file-height="512" data-file-width="512" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/732-bar-chart.svg/80px-732-bar-chart.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/732-bar-chart.svg/120px-732-bar-chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/732-bar-chart.svg/160px-732-bar-chart.svg.png 2x" width="80"/></a></td></tr><tr style="text-align:center"><td class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2"><div style="display:inline-block;margin: 0 5px 10px"><b><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">Cases</a></b><br/><span style="font-size:1.2em;">243,226,997</span></div><div style="display:inline-block;margin: 0 5px 10px"><b><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">Deaths</a></b><br/><span style="font-size:1.2em;">4,941,660</span></div>
<div>As of 23 October 2021<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-2"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup></div>
<div class="hlist nowraplinks" style="margin:5px 10px 5px;font-weight:bold;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">Asia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">North America</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">Oceania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South America</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li></ul></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span></h3>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">Investigations into the origin of COVID-19</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei">COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei</a></div>
<p>Although the exact origin of the virus is still unknown,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> the first <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Outbreak" title="Outbreak">outbreak</a> started in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, Hubei, China, in November 2019. Many early cases of COVID-19 were linked to people who had visited the <a href="/wiki/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market" title="Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market">Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market</a> in Wuhan,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41UYw_24-0"><a href="#cite_note-41UYw-24">[24]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:5_26-0"><a href="#cite_note-:5-26">[26]</a></sup> but it is possible that human-to-human transmission was already happening before this.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hu2020natureReviews_27-0"><a href="#cite_note-Hu2020natureReviews-27">[27]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Graham2020immunity_28-0"><a href="#cite_note-Graham2020immunity-28">[28]</a></sup> On 11 February 2020, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) named the disease "<a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>", which is short for "coronavirus disease 2019".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TLY19_29-0"><a href="#cite_note-TLY19-29">[29]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cD8mY_30-0"><a href="#cite_note-cD8mY-30">[30]</a></sup> The virus that caused the outbreak is known as <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</a> (SARS-CoV-2), a newly discovered virus closely related to <a href="/wiki/Bat_virome#Coronaviruses" title="Bat virome">bat coronaviruses</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-LancetNowcasting_31-0"><a href="#cite_note-LancetNowcasting-31">[31]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pangolin" title="Pangolin">pangolin</a> coronaviruses,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ia56U_32-0"><a href="#cite_note-ia56U-32">[32]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Zhang6April2020_33-0"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang6April2020-33">[33]</a></sup> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus">SARS-CoV</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ECDC_risk_assessment_34-0"><a href="#cite_note-ECDC_risk_assessment-34">[34]</a></sup> The scientific consensus is that the virus is most likely of <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Zoonotic" title="Zoonotic">zoonotic</a> origin, from bats or another closely-related mammal.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hu2020natureReviews_27-1"><a href="#cite_note-Hu2020natureReviews-27">[27]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> Despite this, the subject has generated extensive speculation and conspiracy theories,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Graham2020immunity_28-1"><a href="#cite_note-Graham2020immunity-28">[28]</a></sup> which were amplified by rapidly growing online <a href="/wiki/Echo_chamber_(media)" title="Echo chamber (media)">echo chambers</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> Global geopolitical divisions, notably between the United States and China, have been heightened because of this issue.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup>
</p><p>The earliest known person with symptoms was later discovered to have fallen ill on 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>December 2019, and that person did not have visible connections with the later <a href="/wiki/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market#Link_to_COVID-19" title="Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market">wet market</a> cluster.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-67_39-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-67-39">[39]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wang24Jan2020_40-0"><a href="#cite_note-Wang24Jan2020-40">[40]</a></sup> However, an earlier case of infection could have occurred on 17 November.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-November_case_41-0"><a href="#cite_note-November_case-41">[41]</a></sup> Of the early cluster of cases reported that month, two-thirds were found to have a link with the market.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Huang24Jan2020_42-0"><a href="#cite_note-Huang24Jan2020-42">[42]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Joseph24Jan2020_43-0"><a href="#cite_note-Joseph24Jan2020-43">[43]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-han24Jan2020_44-0"><a href="#cite_note-han24Jan2020-44">[44]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Molecular_clock" title="Molecular clock">Molecular clock</a> analysis suggests that the <a href="/wiki/Index_case" title="Index case">index case</a> is likely to have been infected with the virus between mid-October and mid-November 2019.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Cases">Cases</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">COVID-19 pandemic cases</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1500" data-file-width="2921" decoding="async" height="180" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg/350px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg/525px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg/700px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg.png 2x" width="350"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Cumulative confirmed cases by country, as of 25 August 2021<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1022511316">.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key-wide{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key-narrow{column-count:1}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key>ol{margin-left:1.3em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key>ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="plainlist image-key"><ul><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#290000; color:white;"> </span> 10,000,000+</div></li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#510000; color:white;"> </span> 1,000,000–9,999,999</div></li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#900000; color:white;"> </span> 100,000–999,999</div></li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#c80200; color:white;"> </span> 10,000–99,999</div></li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ee7070; color:black;"> </span> 1,000–9,999</div></li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffc0c0; color:black;"> </span> 100–999</div></li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffdfe0; color:black;"> </span> 1–99</div></li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#e0e0e0; color:black;"> </span> 0</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
<p>Official case counts refer to the number of people who have been <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">tested for COVID-19</a> and whose test has been confirmed positive according to official protocols.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1ceLG_47-0"><a href="#cite_note-1ceLG-47">[47]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-J0rix_48-0"><a href="#cite_note-J0rix-48">[48]</a></sup> Many countries, early on, had official policies to not test those with only mild symptoms.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-elpais640000_49-0"><a href="#cite_note-elpais640000-49">[49]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200313reuters_50-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200313reuters-50">[50]</a></sup> An analysis of the early phase of the outbreak up to 23 January estimated 86 percent of COVID-19 infections had not been detected, and that these undocumented infections were the source for 79 percent of documented cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Li_eabb3221_51-0"><a href="#cite_note-Li_eabb3221-51">[51]</a></sup> Several other studies, using a variety of methods, have estimated that numbers of infections in many countries are likely to be considerably greater than the reported cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WqXOo_52-0"><a href="#cite_note-WqXOo-52">[52]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BtFLV_53-0"><a href="#cite_note-BtFLV-53">[53]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 9 April 2020, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Case-Cluster-Study" title="COVID-19 Case-Cluster-Study">preliminary results</a> found that 15 percent of people tested in <a href="/wiki/Gangelt" title="Gangelt">Gangelt</a>, the centre of a major infection cluster in Germany, tested positive for <a href="/wiki/Antibody" title="Antibody">antibodies</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-otW1O_54-0"><a href="#cite_note-otW1O-54">[54]</a></sup> Screening for COVID-19 in pregnant women in New York City, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Blood_donor" title="Blood donor">blood donors</a> in the Netherlands, has also found rates of positive antibody tests that may indicate more infections than reported.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rCdvL_55-0"><a href="#cite_note-rCdvL-55">[55]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200416reuters_56-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200416reuters-56">[56]</a></sup> Seroprevalence based estimates are conservative as some studies show that persons with mild symptoms do not have detectable antibodies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0LgFK_57-0"><a href="#cite_note-0LgFK-57">[57]</a></sup> Some results (such as the Gangelt study) have received substantial press coverage without first passing through peer review.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dSUxs_58-0"><a href="#cite_note-dSUxs-58">[58]</a></sup>
</p><p>An analysis in early 2020 of cases by age in China indicated that a relatively low proportion of cases occurred in individuals under 20.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-statista1095024_59-0"><a href="#cite_note-statista1095024-59">[59]</a></sup> It was not clear whether this was because young people were less likely to be infected, or less likely to develop serious symptoms and seek medical attention and be tested.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vox21190033_60-0"><a href="#cite_note-vox21190033-60">[60]</a></sup> A retrospective <a href="/wiki/Cohort_study" title="Cohort study">cohort study</a> in China found that <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children">children</a> and adults were just as likely to be infected.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-489Q3_61-0"><a href="#cite_note-489Q3-61">[61]</a></sup>
</p><p>Initial estimates of the <a href="/wiki/Basic_reproduction_number" title="Basic reproduction number">basic reproduction number</a> (R<sub>0</sub>) for COVID-19 in January were between 1.4 and 2.5,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WFNfK_62-0"><a href="#cite_note-WFNfK-62">[62]</a></sup> but a subsequent analysis concluded that it may be about 5.7 (with a 95 percent <a href="/wiki/Confidence_interval" title="Confidence interval">confidence interval</a> of 3.8 to 8.9).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mmCQc_63-0"><a href="#cite_note-mmCQc-63">[63]</a></sup> R<sub>0</sub> can vary across populations and is not to be confused with the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Effective_reproduction_number" title="Effective reproduction number">effective reproduction number</a> (commonly just called R), which takes into account effects such as social distancing and <a href="/wiki/Herd_immunity" title="Herd immunity">herd immunity</a>. By mid-May 2020, the effective R was close to or below 1.0 in many countries, meaning the spread of the disease in these areas at that time was stable or decreasing.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200508telegraph_64-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200508telegraph-64">[64]</a></sup>
</p>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 332.66666666667px"><div style="width: 332.66666666667px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 330.66666666667px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png"><img alt="" data-file-height="622" data-file-width="935" decoding="async" height="220" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/496px-Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/744px-Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png 2x" width="331"/></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Semi-log plot of weekly new cases of COVID-19 in the world and the current top six countries (mean with deaths)
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310px"><div style="width: 310px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 308px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png"><img alt="" data-file-height="565" data-file-width="791" decoding="async" height="220" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png/462px-Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png/693px-Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png 2x" width="308"/></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>COVID-19 total cases per 100 000 population from selected countries<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ECDC_65-0"><a href="#cite_note-ECDC-65">[65]</a></sup>
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310px"><div style="width: 310px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 308px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png"><img alt="" data-file-height="565" data-file-width="791" decoding="async" height="220" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png/462px-COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png/693px-COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png 2x" width="308"/></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>COVID-19 active cases per 100 000 population from selected countries<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ECDC_65-1"><a href="#cite_note-ECDC-65">[65]</a></sup>
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Deaths">Deaths</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">COVID-19 pandemic deaths</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country</a></div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">List of deaths due to COVID-19</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2250" data-file-width="3000" decoding="async" height="165" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg/220px-COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg/330px-COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg/440px-COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Deceased in a refrigerated "mobile morgue" outside a hospital in <a href="/wiki/Hackensack,_New_Jersey" title="Hackensack, New Jersey">Hackensack, New Jersey</a>, U.S.</div></div></div>
<p>Official deaths from COVID-19 generally refer to people who died after testing positive according to protocols. These counts may ignore deaths of people who die without having been tested.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200331reuters_66-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200331reuters-66">[66]</a></sup> Conversely, deaths of people who had underlying conditions may lead to over-counting.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-stuff120443722_67-0"><a href="#cite_note-stuff120443722-67">[67]</a></sup> Comparisons of statistics for deaths for all causes versus the seasonal average indicate excess mortality in many countries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wu_2020_68-0"><a href="#cite_note-Wu_2020-68">[68]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-gR8g3_69-0"><a href="#cite_note-gR8g3-69">[69]</a></sup> This may include deaths due to strained healthcare systems and bans on <a href="/wiki/Elective_surgery" title="Elective surgery">elective surgery</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200429reason_70-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200429reason-70">[70]</a></sup> The first confirmed death was in Wuhan on 9 January 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-25_71-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-25-71">[71]</a></sup> Nevertheless, the first reported death outside of China occurred on<span class="nowrap"> </span>1 February 2020 in the Philippines,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT2020PhilDeath_72-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYT2020PhilDeath-72">[72]</a></sup> and the first reported death outside Asia was in the United States on 6 February 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FpBPA_73-0"><a href="#cite_note-FpBPA-73">[73]</a></sup>
</p><p>More than 95 per cent of the people who contract COVID-19 recover. Otherwise, the time between symptoms onset and death usually ranges from<span class="nowrap"> </span>6 to 41 days, typically about 14 days.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pathogenesis_74-0"><a href="#cite_note-pathogenesis-74">[74]</a></sup> As of 23 October 2021, more than 4.94<span class="nowrap"> </span>million<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-3"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup> deaths have been attributed to COVID-19. People at the greatest risk of mortality from COVID-19 tend to be those with underlying conditions, such as those with a <a href="/wiki/Immunodeficiency" title="Immunodeficiency">weakened immune system</a>, serious heart or lung problems, severe <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a>, or the elderly (including individuals age 65 years or older).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-75"><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6XONR_76-0"><a href="#cite_note-6XONR-76">[76]</a></sup>
The strongest risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness are obesity, <a href="/wiki/Complications_of_diabetes" title="Complications of diabetes">complications of diabetes</a>, and anxiety disorders.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-77"><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup>
</p><p>Multiple measures are used to quantify mortality.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wBm2a_78-0"><a href="#cite_note-wBm2a-78">[78]</a></sup> These numbers vary by region and over time, influenced by testing volume, healthcare system quality, treatment options, government response,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-79"><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></sup> time since the initial outbreak, and population characteristics, such as age, sex, and overall health.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-worldindata_80-0"><a href="#cite_note-worldindata-80">[80]</a></sup> Countries like Belgium include deaths from suspected cases of COVID-19, regardless of whether the person was tested, resulting in higher numbers compared to countries that include only test-confirmed cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-npr841005901_81-0"><a href="#cite_note-npr841005901-81">[81]</a></sup>
</p><p>The death-to-case ratio reflects the number of deaths attributed to COVID-19 divided by the number of diagnosed cases within a given time interval. Based on Johns Hopkins University statistics, the global death-to-case ratio is <span data-sort-value="7000203170703127169♠" style="display:none"></span>2.03 percent (4,941,660 deaths for 243,226,997 cases) as of 23 October 2021.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-4"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup> The number varies by region.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-b0L7I_82-0"><a href="#cite_note-b0L7I-82">[82]</a></sup>
</p>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 354px"><div style="width: 354px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 352px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png"><img alt="" data-file-height="590" data-file-width="944" decoding="async" height="220" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/528px-Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/792px-Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png 2x" width="352"/></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Semi-log plot of weekly deaths due to COVID-19 in the world and top six current countries (mean with cases)
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310px"><div style="width: 310px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 308px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_deaths_per_100,000_population.png"><img alt="" data-file-height="565" data-file-width="791" decoding="async" height="220" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png/462px-COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png/693px-COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png 2x" width="308"/></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>COVID-19 deaths per 100 000 population from selected countries<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ECDC_65-2"><a href="#cite_note-ECDC-65">[65]</a></sup>
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
</ul><p>The official death counts have been criticised for underreporting the actual death toll, because comparisons of death rates before and during the pandemic show an increase in deaths that is not explained by COVID-19 deaths alone.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:7_5-1"><a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a></sup> Using such data, estimates of the true number of deaths from COVID-19 worldwide have included a range from 9.5 to 18.6 million by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>, as well as over 10.3 million by the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Health_Metrics_and_Evaluation" title="Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:7_5-2"><a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_Projections_6-1"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_Projections-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Reporting">Reporting</span></h4>
<p>On 24 March 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC) of the United States, indicated the WHO had provided two codes for COVID-19: U07.1 when confirmed by laboratory testing and U07.2 for clinically or epidemiological diagnosis where laboratory confirmation is inconclusive or not available.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MsVEW_83-0"><a href="#cite_note-MsVEW-83">[83]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-84"><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></sup> The CDC noted that "Because laboratory test results are not typically reported on death certificates in the US, [the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Health_Statistics" title="National Center for Health Statistics">National Center for Health Statistics</a> (NCHS)] is not planning to implement U07.2 for mortality statistics" and that U07.1 would be used "If the death certificate reports terms such as 'probable COVID-19' or 'likely COVID-19'." The CDC also noted "It Is not likely that NCHS will follow up on these cases" and while the "underlying cause depends upon what and where conditions are reported on the death certificate, ... the rules for coding and selection of the ... cause of death are expected to result in COVID–19 being the underlying cause more often than not."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MsVEW_83-1"><a href="#cite_note-MsVEW-83">[83]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 16 April 2020, the WHO, in its formal publication of the two codes, U07.1 and U07.2, "recognized that in many countries detail as to the laboratory confirmation ... will not be reported [and] recommended, for mortality purposes only, to code COVID-19 provisionally to code U07.1 unless it is stated as 'probable' or 'suspected'."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-d3wei_85-0"><a href="#cite_note-d3wei-85">[85]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5aSHW_86-0"><a href="#cite_note-5aSHW-86">[86]</a></sup> It was also noted that the WHO "does not distinguish" between infection by SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hauser_2020_87-0"><a href="#cite_note-Hauser_2020-87">[87]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span id="Infection_fatality_ratio_.28IFR.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Infection_fatality_ratio_(IFR)">Infection fatality ratio (IFR)</span></h4>
<table class="wikitable floatright">
<caption><span class="nowrap">IFR estimate per age group</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EJE_levinetal_88-0"><a href="#cite_note-EJE_levinetal-88">[88]</a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Age group</th>
<th>IFR
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>0–34</td>
<td>0.004%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>35–44</td>
<td>0.068%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>45–54</td>
<td>0.23%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>55–64</td>
<td>0.75%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>65–74</td>
<td>2.5%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>75–84</td>
<td>8.5%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>85 +</td>
<td>28.3%
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>A crucial metric in assessing the severity of a disease is the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Infection_fatality_rate" title="Infection fatality rate">infection fatality ratio</a> (IFR), which is the cumulative number of deaths attributed to the disease divided by the cumulative number of infected individuals (including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections) as measured or estimated as of a specific date.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-fjMw6_89-0"><a href="#cite_note-fjMw6-89">[89]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHOest_90-0"><a href="#cite_note-WHOest-90">[90]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ovoEx_91-0"><a href="#cite_note-ovoEx-91">[91]</a></sup> Epidemiologists frequently refer to this metric as the 'infection fatality rate' to clarify that it is expressed in percentage points (not as a decimal).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-92"><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></sup> Other published studies refer to this metric as the 'infection fatality risk'.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-93"><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-94"><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></sup>
</p><p>In November 2020, a review article in <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)"><i>Nature</i></a> reported estimates of population-weighted IFRs for a number of countries, excluding deaths in elderly care facilities, and found a median range of 0.24% to 1.49%.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-95"><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></sup>
</p><p>In December 2020, a systematic review and meta-analysis published in the <i><a href="/wiki/European_Journal_of_Epidemiology" title="European Journal of Epidemiology">European Journal of Epidemiology</a></i> estimated that population-weighted IFR was 0.5% to 1% in some countries (France, Netherlands, New Zealand, and Portugal), 1% to 2% in several other countries (Australia, England, Lithuania, and Spain), and about 2.5% in Italy; these estimates included fatalities in elderly care facilities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EJE_levinetal_88-1"><a href="#cite_note-EJE_levinetal-88">[88]</a></sup> This study also found that most of the differences in IFR across locations reflected corresponding differences in the age composition of the population and the age-specific pattern of infection rates, due to very low IFRs for children and younger adults (e.g., 0.002% at age 10 and 0.01% at age 25) and progressively higher IFRs for older adults (0.4% at age 55, 1.4% at age 65, 4.6% at age 75, and 15% at age 85).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EJE_levinetal_88-2"><a href="#cite_note-EJE_levinetal-88">[88]</a></sup> These results were also highlighted in a December 2020 report issued by the World Health Organization.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-96"><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></sup>
</p><p>An analysis of those IFR rates indicates that COVID-19 is hazardous not only for the elderly but also for middle-aged adults, for whom a fatal COVID-19 infection is two orders of magnitude more likely than the annualised risk of a fatal automobile accident and far more dangerous than seasonal influenza.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EJE_levinetal_88-3"><a href="#cite_note-EJE_levinetal-88">[88]</a></sup>
</p>
<div style="clear:left;"></div>
<h4><span id="Case_fatality_ratio_.28CFR.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Case_fatality_ratio_(CFR)">Case fatality ratio (CFR)</span></h4>
<p>Another metric in assessing death rate is the <a href="/wiki/Case_fatality_rate" title="Case fatality rate">case fatality ratio</a> (CFR),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-97"><a href="#cite_note-97">[a]</a></sup> which is deaths attributed to disease divided by individuals diagnosed to-date. This metric can be misleading because of the delay between symptom onset and death and because testing focuses on individuals with symptoms (and particularly on those manifesting more severe symptoms).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hauser_2020_87-1"><a href="#cite_note-Hauser_2020-87">[87]</a></sup> On 4 August 2020, WHO indicated "at this early stage of the pandemic, most estimates of fatality ratios have been based on cases detected through surveillance and calculated using crude methods, giving rise to widely variable estimates of CFR by country – from less than 0.1% to over 25%."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHOest_90-2"><a href="#cite_note-WHOest-90">[90]</a></sup>
</p>
<div style="clear:right;"></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Disease">Disease</span></h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Signs_and_symptoms">Signs and symptoms</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19" title="Symptoms of COVID-19">Symptoms of COVID-19</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r952607947">.mw-parser-output .excerpt .selflink{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .excerpt-indicator{border-left:3px solid #c8ccd1;margin:1em 0;padding-left:1em}</style><div class="excerpt">
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:262px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1001" data-file-width="1972" decoding="async" height="132" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg/260px-Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg/390px-Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg/520px-Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg.png 2x" width="260"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms" title="Signs and symptoms">Symptoms</a> of COVID-19</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19" title="Symptoms of COVID-19">Symptoms of COVID-19</a> are variable, ranging from mild symptoms to severe illness.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_CDC2020Sym_98-0"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_CDC2020Sym-98">[97]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Grant_et_al_2020_99-0"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Grant_et_al_2020-99">[98]</a></sup> Common symptoms include <a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">headache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anosmia" title="Anosmia">loss of smell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ageusia" title="Ageusia">taste</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Nasal_Obstruction" title="Nasal Obstruction">nasal congestion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhinorrhea" title="Rhinorrhea">runny nose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cough" title="Cough">cough</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Muscle_pain" title="Muscle pain">muscle pain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sore_throat" title="Sore throat">sore throat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">fever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Breathing_difficulties" title="Breathing difficulties">breathing difficulties</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_ECDC_100-0"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_ECDC-100">[99]</a></sup> People with the same infection may have different symptoms, and their symptoms may change over time. Three common clusters of symptoms have been identified: one respiratory symptom cluster with cough, <a href="/wiki/Sputum" title="Sputum">sputum</a>, shortness of breath, and fever; a musculoskeletal symptom cluster with muscle and joint pain, headache, and fatigue; a cluster of digestive symptoms with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_ECDC_100-1"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_ECDC-100">[99]</a></sup> In people without prior ear, nose, and throat disorders, <a href="/wiki/Hypogeusia" title="Hypogeusia">loss of taste</a> combined with <a href="/wiki/Hyposmia" title="Hyposmia">loss of smell</a> is associated with <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> and is reported in as many as 88% of cases<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-101"><a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-102"><a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32483687_103-0"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32483687-103">[102]</a></sup>
</p><p>Of people who show symptoms, 81% develop only mild to moderate symptoms (up to mild <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>), while 14% develop severe symptoms (<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Dyspnea" title="Dyspnea">dyspnea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hypoxia_(medical)" title="Hypoxia (medical)">hypoxia</a>, or more than 50% lung involvement on imaging) and 5% of patients suffer critical symptoms (<a href="/wiki/Respiratory_failure" title="Respiratory failure">respiratory failure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)" title="Shock (circulatory)">shock</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Organ_dysfunction" title="Organ dysfunction">multiorgan dysfunction</a>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_CDC_Interim_Guidance_104-0"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_CDC_Interim_Guidance-104">[103]</a></sup> At least a third of the people who are infected with the virus do not develop noticeable symptoms at any point in time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-105"><a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Asymptomatic_106-0"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Asymptomatic-106">[105]</a></sup> These <a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic" title="Asymptomatic">asymptomatic</a> carriers tend not to get tested and can spread the disease.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Asymptomatic_106-1"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Asymptomatic-106">[105]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-107"><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-108"><a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_:2_109-0"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_:2-109">[108]</a></sup> Other infected people will develop symptoms later, called "pre-symptomatic", or have very mild symptoms and can also spread the virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_:2_109-1"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_:2-109">[108]</a></sup>
</p><p>As is common with infections, there is <a href="/wiki/Incubation_period" title="Incubation period">a delay</a> between the moment a person first becomes infected and the appearance of the first symptoms. The <a href="/wiki/Median" title="Median">median</a> delay for COVID-19 is four to five days.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32329974_110-0"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32329974-110">[109]</a></sup> Most symptomatic people experience symptoms within two to seven days after exposure, and almost all will experience at least one symptom within 12 days.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32329974_110-1"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32329974-110">[109]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-111"><a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a></sup>
</p>
Most people recover from the acute phase of the disease. However, some people – over half of a <a href="/wiki/Cohort_study" title="Cohort study">cohort</a> of home-isolated young patients<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-112"><a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-113"><a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a></sup> – continue to experience a range of effects, such as <a href="/wiki/Fatigue" title="Fatigue">fatigue</a>, for months after recovery, a condition called <a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">long COVID</a>; long-term damage to organs has been observed. Multi-year studies are underway to further investigate the long-term effects of the disease.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-114"><a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a></sup></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Transmission">Transmission</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19" title="Transmission of COVID-19">Transmission of COVID-19</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt"><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="886" data-file-width="1379" decoding="async" height="141" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg/220px-Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg/330px-Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg/440px-Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">The respiratory route of spread of COVID-19, encompassing larger droplets and aerosols.</div></div></div></div>
<p>The disease is mainly transmitted via the respiratory route when people inhale droplets and small airborne particles (that form an <a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">aerosol</a>) that infected people breath out as they breathe, talk, cough, sneeze, or sing.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Wang_2021_115-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Wang_2021-115">[114]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-116"><a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AR2021_117-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AR2021-117">[116]</a></sup> Infected people are more likely to transmit COVID-19 when they are physically close. However, infection can occur over longer distances, particularly indoors.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Wang_2021_115-1"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Wang_2021-115">[114]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Miller_2021_118-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Miller_2021-118">[117]</a></sup>
2).
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Infectivity" title="Infectivity">Infectivity</a> can occur 1-3 days before the onset of symptoms.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG_119-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG-119">[118]</a></sup> Infected persons can spread the disease even if they are pre-symptomatic or <a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic" title="Asymptomatic">asymptomatic</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG_119-1"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG-119">[118]</a></sup> Most commonly, the peak viral load in <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Upper_respiratory_tract" title="Upper respiratory tract">upper respiratory tract</a> samples occurs close to the time of symptom onset and declines after the first week after symptoms begin.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG_119-2"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG-119">[118]</a></sup> Current evidence suggests a duration of viral shedding and the period of infectiousness of up to 10 days following symptom onset for persons with mild to moderate COVID-19, and a up to 20 days for persons with severe COVID-19, including immunocompromised persons.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDCClinicalQuestions_120-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDCClinicalQuestions-120">[119]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG_119-3"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG-119">[118]</a></sup>
</p><p>Infectious particles range in size from <a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">aerosols</a> that remain suspended in the air for long periods of time to larger <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_droplet" title="Respiratory droplet">droplets</a> that remain airborne or fall to the ground.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDCScientificBriefTransmission_121-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDCScientificBriefTransmission-121">[120]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_who_transmitted_122-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_who_transmitted-122">[121]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals_123-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals-123">[122]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021_124-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021-124">[123]</a></sup> Additionally, COVID-19 research has redefined the traditional understanding of how respiratory viruses are transmitted.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021_124-1"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021-124">[123]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Morawska_2021_125-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Morawska_2021-125">[124]</a></sup> The largest droplets of respiratory fluid do not travel far, and can be inhaled or land on mucous membranes on the eyes, nose, or mouth to infect.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals_123-1"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals-123">[122]</a></sup> Aerosols are highest in concentration when people are in close proximity, which leads to easier viral transmission when people are physically close,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals_123-2"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals-123">[122]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021_124-2"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021-124">[123]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Morawska_2021_125-1"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Morawska_2021-125">[124]</a></sup> but <a href="/wiki/Airborne_transmission" title="Airborne transmission">airborne transmission</a> can occur at longer distances, mainly in locations that are poorly ventilated;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals_123-3"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals-123">[122]</a></sup> in those conditions small particles can remain suspended in the air for minutes to hours.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals_123-4"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals-123">[122]</a></sup>
</p>
The number of people generally infected by one infected person varies;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AnnalsTransmit2_126-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AnnalsTransmit2-126">[125]</a></sup> as only 10 to 20% of people are responsible for the disease's spread.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Lessler_2021_127-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Lessler_2021-127">[126]</a></sup> It often spreads in <a href="/wiki/Disease_cluster" title="Disease cluster">clusters</a>, where infections can be traced back to an index case or geographical location.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Lui_2020_128-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Lui_2020-128">[127]</a></sup> Often in these instances, <a href="/wiki/Superspreading_event" title="Superspreading event">superspreading events</a> occur, where many people are infected by one person.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AnnalsTransmit2_126-1"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AnnalsTransmit2-126">[125]</a></sup></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Cause">Cause</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045330069" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">Coronaviruses</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg" title="HCoV-229E virus"><img alt="HCoV-229E virus" data-file-height="1368" data-file-width="1920" decoding="async" height="114" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg/160px-Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg/240px-Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg/320px-Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg 2x" width="160"/></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus#Classification" title="Coronavirus">Types</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphacoronavirus" title="Alphacoronavirus">Alphacoronavirus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Betacoronavirus" title="Betacoronavirus">Betacoronavirus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gammacoronavirus" title="Gammacoronavirus">Gammacoronavirus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Deltacoronavirus_(genus)" title="Deltacoronavirus (genus)">Deltacoronavirus</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_diseases" title="Coronavirus diseases">Diseases</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">Common cold</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">SARS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome">MERS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Vaccines</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Epidemics and pandemics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002–2004 SARS outbreak">SARS</a> <small>(2002–2004)</small></li>
<li>MERS
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome_outbreak" title="2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak">2012</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2015_Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome_outbreak_in_South_Korea" title="2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak in South Korea">2015</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2018_Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome_outbreak" title="2018 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak">2018</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">COVID-19</a> <small>(2019–2021)</small></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronaviridae" title="Coronaviridae">Coronaviridae</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Novel_coronavirus" title="Novel coronavirus">Novel coronavirus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coronavirus" title="History of coronavirus">History of coronavirus</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coronavirus" title="Template:Coronavirus"><abbr style=";text-decoration:inherit;" title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coronavirus" title="Template talk:Coronavirus"><abbr style=";text-decoration:inherit;" title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Coronavirus&action=edit"><abbr style=";text-decoration:inherit;" title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
SARS‑CoV‑2 belongs to the broad family of viruses known as <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">coronaviruses</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_Fox2020_129-0"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_Fox2020-129">[128]</a></sup> It is a <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Positive-sense_single-stranded_RNA_virus" title="Positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus">positive-sense single-stranded RNA</a> (+ssRNA) virus, with a single linear RNA segment. Coronaviruses infect humans, other mammals, including livestock and companion animals, and avian species.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_V’kovskik:21_130-0"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_V’kovskik:21-130">[129]</a></sup> Human coronaviruses are capable of causing illnesses ranging from the <a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">common cold</a> to more severe diseases such as <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome">Middle East respiratory syndrome</a> (MERS, fatality rate ~34%). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh known coronavirus to infect people, after <a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_229E" title="Human coronavirus 229E">229E</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_NL63" title="Human coronavirus NL63">NL63</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_OC43" title="Human coronavirus OC43">OC43</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_HKU1" title="Human coronavirus HKU1">HKU1</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome-related_coronavirus" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus">MERS-CoV</a>, and the original <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus">SARS-CoV</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NEJM-Novel_131-0"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NEJM-Novel-131">[130]</a></sup></div></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="393" data-file-width="512" decoding="async" height="169" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg/220px-Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg/330px-Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg/440px-Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg.png 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Illustration of SARS-CoV-2 <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Virion" title="Virion">virion</a></div></div></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
Viral genetic sequence data can provide critical information about whether viruses separated by time and space are likely to be epidemiologically linked.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-132"><a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a></sup> With a sufficient number of sequenced <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genomes</a>, it is possible to reconstruct a <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree" title="Phylogenetic tree">phylogenetic tree</a> of the mutation history of a family of viruses. By 12 January 2020, five genomes of SARS‑CoV‑2 had been isolated from Wuhan and reported by the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Center_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention">Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CCDC) and other institutions;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_gisaid_133-0"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_gisaid-133">[132]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_VirologicalInitial_134-0"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_VirologicalInitial-134">[133]</a></sup> the number of genomes increased to 42 by 30 January 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NextstrainJanuary_135-0"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NextstrainJanuary-135">[134]</a></sup> A phylogenetic analysis of those samples showed they were "highly related with at most seven mutations relative to a <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Common_ancestor" title="Common ancestor">common ancestor</a>", implying that the first human infection occurred in November or December 2019.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NextstrainJanuary_135-1"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NextstrainJanuary-135">[134]</a></sup> Examination of the topology of the phylogenetic tree at the start of the pandemic also found high similarities between human isolates.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_Sun2020Trends_136-0"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_Sun2020Trends-136">[135]</a></sup> As of 21 August 2021,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> 3,422 SARS‑CoV‑2 genomes, belonging to 19 strains, sampled on all continents except Antarctica were publicly available.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NexstrainApril_137-0"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NexstrainApril-137">[136]</a></sup></div></div>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19#Diagnosis" title="COVID-19">COVID-19 § Diagnosis</a></div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">COVID-19 testing</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum,_K%C3%B6ln-6313_(cropped).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3044" data-file-width="3311" decoding="async" height="202" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum,_K%C3%B6ln-6313_(cropped).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Demonstration of a <a href="/wiki/Nasopharyngeal_swab" title="Nasopharyngeal swab">nasopharyngeal swab</a> for <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">COVID-19 testing</a></div></div></div>
The standard methods of testing for presence of SARS-CoV-2 are <a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acid_test" title="Nucleic acid test">nucleic acid tests</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pmid32621814_138-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pmid32621814-138">[137]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_20200130cdc_139-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_20200130cdc-139">[138]</a></sup> which detects the presence of viral RNA fragments.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_WHO_InterimGuidance_140-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_WHO_InterimGuidance-140">[139]</a></sup> As these tests detect RNA but not infectious virus, its "ability to determine duration of infectivity of patients is limited."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_2k0iS_141-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_2k0iS-141">[140]</a></sup> The test is typically done on respiratory samples obtained by a <a href="/wiki/Nasopharyngeal_swab" title="Nasopharyngeal swab">nasopharyngeal swab</a>; however, a nasal swab or sputum sample may also be used.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_CDC2020Testing_142-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_CDC2020Testing-142">[141]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_20200129cdc_143-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_20200129cdc-143">[142]</a></sup> Results are generally available within hours.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pmid32621814_138-1"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pmid32621814-138">[137]</a></sup> The WHO has published several testing protocols for the disease.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-144"><a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a></sup></div></div>
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Chest CT scans may be helpful to diagnose COVID-19 in individuals with a high clinical suspicion of infection but are not recommended for routine screening.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_:0_145-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_:0-145">[144]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_acr.org_146-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_acr.org-146">[145]</a></sup> Bilateral multilobar <a href="/wiki/Ground-glass_opacity" title="Ground-glass opacity">ground-glass opacities</a> with a peripheral, asymmetric, and posterior distribution are common in early infection.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_:0_145-1"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_:0-145">[144]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-147"><a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a></sup> Subpleural dominance, <a href="/wiki/Crazy_paving_(medicine)" title="Crazy paving (medicine)">crazy paving</a> (lobular septal thickening with variable alveolar filling), and <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_consolidation" title="Pulmonary consolidation">consolidation</a> may appear as the disease progresses.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_:0_145-2"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_:0-145">[144]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-148"><a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a></sup> Characteristic imaging features on chest <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Radiographs" title="Radiographs">radiographs</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Computed_tomography" title="Computed tomography">computed tomography</a> (CT) of people who are symptomatic include asymmetric peripheral ground-glass opacities without <a href="/wiki/Pleural_effusion" title="Pleural effusion">pleural effusions</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_AJR_149-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_AJR-149">[148]</a></sup></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Prevention">Prevention</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19#Prevention" title="COVID-19">COVID-19 § Prevention</a>, <a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
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<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="675" data-file-width="1200" decoding="async" height="124" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif/220px-20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif/330px-20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif/440px-20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Without pandemic containment measures – such as social distancing, vaccination, and face masks – pathogens can spread exponentially.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_Science_20200515_150-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_Science_20200515-150">[149]</a></sup> This graphic shows how early adoption of containment measures tends to protect wider swaths of the population.</div></div></div>
<p>Preventive measures to reduce the chances of infection include getting vaccinated, staying at home, wearing a mask in public, avoiding crowded places, keeping distance from others, ventilating indoor spaces, managing potential exposure durations,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-151"><a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a></sup> washing hands with soap and water often and for at least twenty seconds, practising good respiratory hygiene, and avoiding touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_CDC042020_152-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_CDC042020-152">[151]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-153"><a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a></sup>
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Those diagnosed with COVID-19 or who believe they may be infected are advised by the CDC to stay home except to get medical care, call ahead before visiting a healthcare provider, <a href="#Face_masks_and_respiratory_hygiene">wear a face mask</a> before entering the healthcare provider's office and when in any room or vehicle with another person, cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue, regularly wash hands with soap and water and avoid sharing personal household items.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_CDC2020IfSick_154-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_CDC2020IfSick-154">[153]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-155"><a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a></sup></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Vaccines">Vaccines</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a></div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development" title="History of COVID-19 vaccine development">History of COVID-19 vaccine development</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_vaccination_(2020).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3136" data-file-width="4937" decoding="async" height="140" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg/220px-COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg/330px-COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg/440px-COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_vaccination_(2020).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A doctor at <a href="/wiki/Walter_Reed_National_Military_Medical_Center" title="Walter Reed National Military Medical Center">Walter Reed National Military Medical Center</a> receiving a COVID-19 vaccination</div></div></div>
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<p>A <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID‑19 vaccine</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">vaccine</a> intended to provide <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Acquired_immunity" title="Acquired immunity">acquired immunity</a> against <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</a> (SARS‑CoV‑2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/COVID%E2%80%9119" title="COVID‑19">COVID‑19</a>). Prior to the COVID‑19 pandemic, an established body of knowledge existed about the structure and function of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">coronaviruses</a> causing diseases like <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">severe acute respiratory syndrome</a> (SARS) and <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome">Middle East respiratory syndrome</a> (MERS). This knowledge accelerated the development of various <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Vaccine_platform" title="Vaccine platform">vaccine platforms</a> during early 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_vaccine_pmid33341119_156-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_vaccine_pmid33341119-156">[155]</a></sup> The initial focus of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was on preventing symptomatic, often severe illness.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-157"><a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a></sup> On 10 January 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 <a href="/wiki/DNA_sequencing" title="DNA sequencing">genetic sequence</a> data was shared through <a href="/wiki/GISAID" title="GISAID">GISAID</a>, and by 19 March, the global pharmaceutical industry announced a major commitment to address COVID-19.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-158"><a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a></sup> The COVID‑19 vaccines are widely credited for their role in reducing the spread, severity, and death caused by COVID-19.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-159"><a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a></sup>
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Many countries have implemented phased distribution plans that prioritize those at highest risk of complications, such as the elderly, and those at high risk of exposure and transmission, such as healthcare workers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_vaccine_Beaumont_160-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_vaccine_Beaumont-160">[159]</a></sup> Single dose interim use is under consideration to extend vaccination to as many people as possible until vaccine availability improves.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-161"><a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-162"><a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-163"><a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-164"><a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a></sup></div></div>
<p>On 21 December 2020, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> approved the <a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer BioNTech vaccine</a>. Vaccinations began to be administered on 27 December 2020. The <a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna vaccine</a> was authorised on 6 January 2021 and the <a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">AstraZeneca vaccine</a> was authorised on 29 January 2021.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-165"><a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_(cropped).jpg"><img alt="Elderly woman roles up sleeve as two nurses administer a vaccine" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2155" data-file-width="2875" decoding="async" height="165" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_(cropped).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Vaccinations at an <a href="/wiki/Retirement_home" title="Retirement home">old people's home</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gij%C3%B3n" title="Gijón">Gijón</a>, Spain</div></div></div>
<p>On 4 February 2020, US Secretary of Health and Human Services <a href="/wiki/Alex_Azar" title="Alex Azar">Alex Azar</a> published a notice of declaration under the <a href="/wiki/Public_Readiness_and_Emergency_Preparedness_Act" title="Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act">Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act</a> for medical countermeasures against COVID-19, covering "any vaccine, used to treat, diagnose, cure, prevent, or mitigate COVID-19, or the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 or a virus mutating therefrom", and stating that the declaration precludes "liability claims alleging negligence by a manufacturer in creating a vaccine, or negligence by a health care provider in prescribing the wrong dose, absent willful misconduct".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mXTUz_166-0"><a href="#cite_note-mXTUz-166">[165]</a></sup> The declaration is effective in the United States through 1 October 2024.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-167"><a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a></sup> On 8 December, it was reported that the AstraZeneca vaccine is about 70% effective, according to a study.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-168"><a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a></sup>
</p><p>As of mid-August 2021, more than 4.6 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been administered in over 190 countries worldwide. The Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine is the most widely used around the globe.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-169"><a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Treatment">Treatment</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19" title="Treatment and management of COVID-19">Treatment and management of COVID-19</a></div><p>There is no specific, effective treatment or cure for <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">coronavirus disease 2019</a> (COVID-19), the disease caused by the <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">SARS-CoV-2</a> virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BMJLivingReview_170-0"><a href="#cite_note-BMJLivingReview-170">[169]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-63_171-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-63-171">[170]</a></sup> Thus, the cornerstone of management of COVID-19 is <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Supportive_care" title="Supportive care">supportive care</a>, which includes treatment to <a href="/wiki/Symptomatic_treatment" title="Symptomatic treatment">relieve symptoms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluid_replacement" title="Fluid replacement">fluid therapy</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Oxygen_support" title="Oxygen support">oxygen support</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Prone_positioning" title="Prone positioning">prone positioning</a> as needed, and medications or devices to support other affected vital organs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-172"><a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a></sup>
</p><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_(50119127303).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3466" data-file-width="5180" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg/220px-Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg/330px-Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg/440px-Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_(50119127303).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A critically ill patient receiving invasive ventilation in the intensive care unit of the <a href="/wiki/Heart_Institute,_University_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Heart Institute, University of São Paulo">Heart Institute, University of São Paulo</a>. Due to a shortage of mechanical ventilators, a <a href="/wiki/Resuscitator" title="Resuscitator">bridge ventilator</a> is being used to automatically actuate a <a href="/wiki/Bag_valve_mask" title="Bag valve mask">bag valve mask</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>Most cases of COVID-19 are mild. In these, supportive care includes medication such as <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">paracetamol</a> or <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/NSAID" title="NSAID">NSAIDs</a> to relieve symptoms (fever,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-173"><a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a></sup> body aches, cough), adequate intake of oral fluids and rest.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-63_171-1"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-63-171">[170]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-174"><a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a></sup> Good personal hygiene and a <a href="/wiki/Healthy_diet" title="Healthy diet">healthy diet</a> are also recommended.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-175"><a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a></sup> The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that those who suspect they are carrying the virus isolate themselves at home and wear a face mask.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CDC2020IfSick_176-0"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2020IfSick-176">[175]</a></sup>
</p><p>People with more severe cases may need treatment in hospital. In those with low oxygen levels, use of the <a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">glucocorticoid</a> <a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">dexamethasone</a> is strongly recommended, as it can reduce the risk of death.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-177"><a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a></sup> <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Noninvasive_ventilation" title="Noninvasive ventilation">Noninvasive ventilation</a> and, ultimately, admission to an <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">intensive care unit</a> for <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_ventilation" title="Mechanical ventilation">mechanical ventilation</a> may be required to support breathing.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NIHGuidelines2020_178-0"><a href="#cite_note-NIHGuidelines2020-178">[177]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Extracorporeal_membrane_oxygenation" title="Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation">Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation</a> (ECMO) has been used to address the issue of respiratory failure, but its benefits are still under consideration.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Guan_Ni_Hu_Liang_p._179-0"><a href="#cite_note-Guan_Ni_Hu_Liang_p.-179">[178]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Henry_2020_p._180-0"><a href="#cite_note-Henry_2020_p.-180">[179]</a></sup>
</p><p>Several <a href="/wiki/Clinical_research" title="Clinical research">experimental treatments</a> are being actively studied in <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trials</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BMJLivingReview_170-1"><a href="#cite_note-BMJLivingReview-170">[169]</a></sup> Others were thought to be promising early in the pandemic, such as <a href="/wiki/Hydroxychloroquine" title="Hydroxychloroquine">hydroxychloroquine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lopinavir/ritonavir" title="Lopinavir/ritonavir">lopinavir/ritonavir</a>, but later research found them to be ineffective or even harmful.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BMJLivingReview_170-2"><a href="#cite_note-BMJLivingReview-170">[169]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kim_Read_Fauci_p=2149_181-0"><a href="#cite_note-Kim_Read_Fauci_p=2149-181">[180]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement_182-0"><a href="#cite_note-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement-182">[181]</a></sup> Despite ongoing research, there is still not enough high-quality evidence to recommend so-called early treatment.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kim_Read_Fauci_p=2149_181-1"><a href="#cite_note-Kim_Read_Fauci_p=2149-181">[180]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement_182-1"><a href="#cite_note-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement-182">[181]</a></sup> Nevertheless, in the United States, two <a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">monoclonal antibody</a>-based therapies are available for early use in cases thought to be at high risk of progression to severe disease.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement_182-2"><a href="#cite_note-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement-182">[181]</a></sup> The antiviral <a href="/wiki/Remdesivir" title="Remdesivir">remdesivir</a> is available in the US, Canada, Australia, and several other countries, with varying restrictions; however, it is not recommended for people needing mechanical ventilation, and is discouraged altogether by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hsu_p=m4457_183-0"><a href="#cite_note-Hsu_p=m4457-183">[182]</a></sup> due to limited evidence of its efficacy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BMJLivingReview_170-3"><a href="#cite_note-BMJLivingReview-170">[169]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Variants">Variants</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Variants of SARS-CoV-2</a></div>
<p>Several variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged that are spreading globally. The most prevalent, all of which share the more infectious <a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2#D614G" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">D614G mutation</a>, are:<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-184"><a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-185"><a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-186"><a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Lineage_B.1.1.7" title="Lineage B.1.1.7"><i>B.1.1.7</i></a>, also known as the Alpha variant, first detected in the UK, which has spread to over 190 countries</li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Lineage_P.1" title="Lineage P.1"><i>P.1</i></a>, also known as the Gamma variant, first detected in Brazil, which has spread to over 90 countries</li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Lineage_B.1.351" title="Lineage B.1.351"><i>B.1.351</i></a>, also known as the Beta variant, first detected in South Africa, which has spread to over 140 countries</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">B.1.617.2</a>,</i> also known as the Delta variant, first detected in India, which has spread to over 170 countries</li></ul>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="640" data-file-width="945" decoding="async" height="149" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg/220px-Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg/330px-Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg/440px-Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Burial of a deceased COVID-19 patient in <a href="/wiki/Hamadan" title="Hamadan">Hamadan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, March 2020</div></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Prognosis">Prognosis</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19#Prognosis" title="COVID-19">COVID-19 § Prognosis</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
The severity of COVID-19 varies. The disease may take a mild course with few or no symptoms, resembling other common upper respiratory diseases such as the <a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">common cold</a>. In 3–4% of cases (7.4% for those over age 65) symptoms are severe enough to cause hospitalization.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pmid33087398_187-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pmid33087398-187">[186]</a></sup> Mild cases typically recover within two weeks, while those with severe or critical diseases may take three to six weeks to recover. Among those who have died, the time from symptom onset to death has ranged from two to eight weeks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_WHOReport24Feb2020_188-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_WHOReport24Feb2020-188">[187]</a></sup> The Italian <a href="/wiki/Istituto_Superiore_di_Sanit%C3%A0" title="Istituto Superiore di Sanità">Istituto Superiore di Sanità</a> reported that the median time between the onset of symptoms and death was twelve days, with seven being hospitalised. However, people transferred to an ICU had a median time of ten days between hospitalisation and death.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_ISSCharacteristics_189-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_ISSCharacteristics-189">[188]</a></sup> Prolonged <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Prothrombin" title="Prothrombin">prothrombin</a> time and elevated <a href="/wiki/C-reactive_protein" title="C-reactive protein">C-reactive protein</a> levels on admission to the hospital are associated with severe course of COVID-19 and with a transfer to ICU.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-190"><a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-191"><a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a></sup></div></div>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Mitigation">Mitigation</span></h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19" title="Public health mitigation of COVID-19">Public health mitigation of COVID-19</a></div>
<p>Speed and scale are key to mitigation, due to the <a href="/wiki/Fat-tailed_distribution" title="Fat-tailed distribution">fat-tailed</a> nature of pandemic risk and the exponential growth of COVID-19 infections.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-192"><a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a></sup> For mitigation to be effective, (a) chains of transmission must be broken as quickly as possible through screening and containment, (b) health care must be available to provide for the needs of those infected, and (c) contingencies must be in place to allow for effective rollout of (a) and (b).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-193"><a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (August 2021)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>In July 2021, several experts expressed concern that achieving <a href="/wiki/Herd_immunity" title="Herd immunity">herd immunity</a> may not currently be possible because the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta variant</a> is transmitted among those immunized with current vaccines.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-194"><a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a></sup> The CDC published data showing that vaccinated people could transmit the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta variant</a>, something officials believed was not possible with other variants. Consequently, the WHO and the CDC encourage vaccinated people to continue with preventive measures, such as social distancing and wearing masks indoors.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-195"><a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="Screening.2C_containment_and_mitigation"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Screening,_containment_and_mitigation">Screening, containment and mitigation</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:20200410_Flatten_the_curve,_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_(English).gif"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="675" data-file-width="1200" decoding="async" height="186" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif/330px-20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif/495px-20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif/660px-20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif 2x" width="330"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:20200410_Flatten_the_curve,_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_(English).gif" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Goals of mitigation include delaying and reducing peak burden on healthcare (<i><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">flattening the curve</a></i>) and lessening overall cases and health impact.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Lancet2020Flatten_196-0"><a href="#cite_note-Lancet2020Flatten-196">[195]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RnW59_197-0"><a href="#cite_note-RnW59-197">[196]</a></sup> Moreover, progressively greater increases in healthcare capacity (<i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Raising_the_line" title="Raising the line">raising the line</a></i>) such as by increasing bed count, personnel, and equipment, help to meet increased demand.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Vox_20200407_198-0"><a href="#cite_note-Vox_20200407-198">[197]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1365" data-file-width="2048" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg/220px-04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg/330px-04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg/440px-04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The CDC and WHO advise that masks (such as worn here by Taiwanese president <a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai Ing-wen</a>) reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.</div></div></div>
<p>Strategies in the control of an outbreak are screening, containment (or suppression), and mitigation. Screening is done with a device such as a <a href="/wiki/Thermometer" title="Thermometer">thermometer</a> to detect the elevated body temperature associated with fevers caused by the infection.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-f4SpW_199-0"><a href="#cite_note-f4SpW-199">[198]</a></sup> Containment is undertaken in the early stages of the outbreak and aims to trace and isolate those infected as well as introduce other measures to stop the disease from spreading. When it is no longer possible to contain the disease, efforts then move to the mitigation stage: measures are taken to slow the spread and mitigate its effects on the healthcare system and society. A combination of both containment and mitigation measures may be undertaken at the same time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NY0JD_200-0"><a href="#cite_note-NY0JD-200">[199]</a></sup> Suppression requires more extreme measures so as to reverse the pandemic by reducing the basic reproduction number to less than 1.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ImpCollege16mar2020_201-0"><a href="#cite_note-ImpCollege16mar2020-201">[200]</a></sup>
</p><p>Part of managing an infectious disease outbreak is trying to delay and decrease the epidemic peak, known as flattening the epidemic curve.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Lancet2020Flatten_196-1"><a href="#cite_note-Lancet2020Flatten-196">[195]</a></sup> This decreases the risk of health services being overwhelmed and provides more time for vaccines and treatments to be developed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Lancet2020Flatten_196-2"><a href="#cite_note-Lancet2020Flatten-196">[195]</a></sup> Non-pharmaceutical interventions that may manage the outbreak include personal preventive measures such as hand hygiene, wearing face masks, and self-quarantine; community measures aimed at physical distancing such as closing schools and cancelling mass gathering events; community engagement to encourage acceptance and participation in such interventions; as well as environmental measures such surface cleaning.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-community_mitigation_202-0"><a href="#cite_note-community_mitigation-202">[201]</a></sup> Some measures, particularly those that focus on cleaning surfaces rather than preventing airborne transmission, have been criticised as <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Hygiene_theatre" title="Hygiene theatre">hygiene theatre</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hygiene_theatre_203-0"><a href="#cite_note-Hygiene_theatre-203">[202]</a></sup>
</p><p>More drastic actions aimed at containing the outbreak were taken in China once the severity of the outbreak became apparent, such as quarantining entire cities and imposing strict travel bans.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RwmYm_204-0"><a href="#cite_note-RwmYm-204">[203]</a></sup> Other countries also adopted a variety of measures aimed at limiting the spread of the virus. South Korea introduced mass screening and localised quarantines and issued alerts on the movements of infected individuals. Singapore provided financial support for those infected who quarantined themselves and imposed large fines for those who failed to do so. Taiwan increased face mask production and penalised the hoarding of medical supplies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-shZdf_205-0"><a href="#cite_note-shZdf-205">[204]</a></sup>
</p><p>Simulations for Great Britain and the United States show that mitigation (slowing but not stopping epidemic spread) and suppression (reversing epidemic growth) have major challenges. Optimal mitigation policies might reduce peak healthcare demand by two-thirds and deaths by half, but still result in hundreds of thousands of deaths and overwhelmed health systems. Suppression can be preferred but needs to be maintained for as long as the virus is circulating in the human population (or until a vaccine becomes available), as transmission otherwise quickly rebounds when measures are relaxed. Long-term intervention to suppress the pandemic has considerable social and economic costs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ImpCollege16mar2020_201-1"><a href="#cite_note-ImpCollege16mar2020-201">[200]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Contact_tracing">Contact tracing</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation" title="Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19#Information_technology" title="Public health mitigation of COVID-19">Public health mitigation of COVID-19 § Information technology</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><div class="PopUpMediaTransform" id="mwe_player_0" style="width:220px;" videopayload='<div class="mediaContainer" style="width:854px"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/854px--COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" style="width:854px;height:480px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="53.021" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.480p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="SD WebM (480P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 480P" data-transcodekey="480p.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="1078672" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.720p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="HD WebM (720P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 720P" data-transcodekey="720p.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-bandwidth="2093336" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="HD VP9 (720P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 720P" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-bandwidth="2609288" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Original WebM file, 1,280 × 720 (4.23 Mbps)" data-shorttitle="WebM source" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-bandwidth="4228964" data-framerate="25"/></video></div>'><img alt="File:COVID-19 Airport Contact Tracing.webm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/220px--COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.jpg" style="width:220px;height:124px"/><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm" target="new" title="Play media"><span class="play-btn-large"><span class="mw-tmh-playtext">Play media</span></span></a></div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Mandatory traveller information collection for use in COVID-19 <a href="/wiki/Contact_tracing" title="Contact tracing">contact tracing</a> at New York City's <a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" title="LaGuardia Airport">LaGuardia Airport</a> in August 2020</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Contact_tracing" title="Contact tracing">Contact tracing</a> is an important method for health authorities to determine the source of infection and to prevent further transmission.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-web_206-0"><a href="#cite_note-web-206">[205]</a></sup> The use of location data from mobile phones by governments for this purpose has prompted privacy concerns, with <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> and more than a hundred other organisations issuing a statement calling for limits on this kind of surveillance.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IngramWard20200407_207-0"><a href="#cite_note-IngramWard20200407-207">[206]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_apps" title="COVID-19 apps">Several mobile apps</a> have been implemented or proposed for voluntary use, and as of 7<span class="nowrap"> </span>April 2020, more than a dozen expert groups were working on privacy-friendly solutions such as using <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a> to log a user's proximity to other cellphones.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IngramWard20200407_207-1"><a href="#cite_note-IngramWard20200407-207">[206]</a></sup> (Users are alerted if they have been near someone who subsequently tests positive.)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IngramWard20200407_207-2"><a href="#cite_note-IngramWard20200407-207">[206]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 10 April 2020, Google and <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> jointly announced an initiative for privacy-preserving contact tracing based on Bluetooth technology and <a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">cryptography</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0DF25_208-0"><a href="#cite_note-0DF25-208">[207]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200410apple_209-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200410apple-209">[208]</a></sup> The system is intended to allow governments to create official privacy-preserving COVID-19 tracking apps, with the eventual goal of integration of this functionality directly into the <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> mobile platforms.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HQTFY_210-0"><a href="#cite_note-HQTFY-210">[209]</a></sup> In Europe and in the US, <a href="/wiki/Palantir_Technologies" title="Palantir Technologies">Palantir Technologies</a> is also providing COVID-19 tracking services.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0k3hR_211-0"><a href="#cite_note-0k3hR-211">[210]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Health_care">Health care</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">Flattening the curve</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_hospital_beds" title="List of countries by hospital beds">list of countries by hospital beds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2347" data-file-width="3373" decoding="async" height="153" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg/220px-%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg/330px-%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg/440px-%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An army-constructed <a href="/wiki/Field_hospital" title="Field hospital">field hospital</a> outside <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/%C3%96stra_sjukhuset" title="Östra sjukhuset">Östra sjukhuset</a> (<i>Eastern hospital</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a>, Sweden, contains temporary <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">intensive care units</a> for COVID-19 patients.</div></div></div>
<p>Increasing capacity and adapting healthcare for the needs of COVID-19 patients is described by the WHO as a fundamental outbreak response measure.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHOEuropeResponse_212-0"><a href="#cite_note-WHOEuropeResponse-212">[211]</a></sup> The ECDC and the European regional office of the WHO have issued guidelines for hospitals and <a href="/wiki/Primary_health_care" title="Primary health care">primary healthcare services</a> for shifting of resources at multiple levels, including focusing laboratory services towards COVID-19 testing, cancelling elective procedures whenever possible, separating and isolating COVID-19 positive patients, and increasing <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">intensive care</a> capabilities by training personnel and increasing the number of available <a href="/wiki/Ventilator" title="Ventilator">ventilators</a> and beds.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHOEuropeResponse_212-1"><a href="#cite_note-WHOEuropeResponse-212">[211]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ECDCresponse_213-0"><a href="#cite_note-ECDCresponse-213">[212]</a></sup> In addition, in an attempt to maintain physical distancing, and to protect both patients and clinicians, in some areas non-emergency healthcare services are being provided virtually.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-214"><a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a></sup>
</p><p>Due to capacity limitations in the standard <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain" title="Supply chain">supply chains</a>, some manufacturers are <a href="/wiki/3D_printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a> healthcare material such as nasal swabs and ventilator parts.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-technologyreview615420_215-0"><a href="#cite_note-technologyreview615420-215">[214]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aCPem_216-0"><a href="#cite_note-aCPem-216">[215]</a></sup> In one example, when an Italian hospital urgently required a ventilator valve, and the supplier was unable to deliver in the timescale required, a local startup received legal threats due to alleged patent infringement after reverse-engineering and printing the required hundred valves overnight.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-217"><a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a></sup> On 23 April 2020, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> reported building, in 37 days, a ventilator which is undergoing further testing. NASA is seeking fast-track approval.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NASA-20200423_218-0"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20200423-218">[217]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SPC-20200424_219-0"><a href="#cite_note-SPC-20200424-219">[218]</a></sup> Individuals and groups of <a href="/wiki/Maker_culture" title="Maker culture">makers</a> around the world also assisted in the efforts by creating and sharing <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a> designs, and manufacturing devices using locally sourced materials, sewing, and 3D printing. Millions of <a href="/wiki/Face_shield" title="Face shield">face shields</a>, protective gowns, and masks were made. Other medical supplies were made such as shoes covers, surgical caps, <a href="/wiki/Powered_air-purifying_respirator" title="Powered air-purifying respirator">powered air-purifying respirators</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hand_sanitizer" title="Hand sanitizer">hand sanitizer</a>. Novel devices were created such as <a href="/wiki/Ear_saver" title="Ear saver">ear savers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Non-invasive_ventilation" title="Non-invasive ventilation">non-invasive ventilation</a> helmets, and ventilator splitters.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-220"><a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Pandemic_prevention" title="Pandemic prevention">Pandemic prevention</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic">Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2019">2019</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png"><img alt="An aerial view of the market, looking like a construction site." class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1080" data-file-width="1829" decoding="async" height="130" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png/220px-Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png/330px-Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png/440px-Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/wiki/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market" title="Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market">Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market</a> in March 2020, after it was closed down</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:100%"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:nowrap">
<div id="confirmed-covid-map-per-capita" style="">
<div class="mw-graph mw-graph-always mw-graph-nofallback" data-graph-id="b8658f9e840c8cf96bf231934b36c627650da281" style="min-width:500px;min-height:260px"></div>
</div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div style="float:right"><a href="/wiki/Template:Interactive_COVID-19_maps" title="Template:Interactive COVID-19 maps"><img alt="Desc-i.svg" data-file-height="648" data-file-width="648" decoding="async" height="16" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/16px-Desc-i.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/24px-Desc-i.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/32px-Desc-i.svg.png 2x" width="16"/></a></div>Interactive timeline map of confirmed cases per million people<br/>(drag circle to adjust; may not work on mobile devices)</div></div></div>
<p>Based on the retrospective analysis, starting from December 2019, the number of COVID-19 cases in Hubei gradually increased, reaching 60 by 20 December and at least 266 by 31 December.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-original_report_221-0"><a href="#cite_note-original_report-221">[220]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 24 December 2019, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Wuhan_Central_Hospital" title="Wuhan Central Hospital">Wuhan Central Hospital</a> sent a <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Bronchoalveolar_lavage_fluid" title="Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid">bronchoalveolar lavage fluid</a> (BAL) sample from an unresolved clinical case to sequencing company Vision Medicals.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="citation needed for company used (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On 27 and 28 December, Vision Medicals informed the Wuhan Central Hospital and the Chinese CDC of the results of the test, showing a <a href="/wiki/Novel_coronavirus" title="Novel coronavirus">new coronavirus</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-caixintrace_222-0"><a href="#cite_note-caixintrace-222">[221]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-223"><a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a></sup> A pneumonia cluster of unknown cause was observed on 26 December and treated by the doctor <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jixian" title="Zhang Jixian">Zhang Jixian</a> in Hubei Provincial Hospital, who informed the Wuhan Jianghan CDC on 27 December.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-D54YB_224-0"><a href="#cite_note-D54YB-224">[223]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 30 December 2019, a test report addressed to Wuhan Central Hospital, from company CapitalBio Medlab, stated that there was an erroneous positive result for <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/SARS" title="SARS">SARS</a>, causing a group of doctors at Wuhan Central Hospital to alert their colleagues and relevant hospital authorities of the result. Eight of those doctors, including <a href="/wiki/Li_Wenliang" title="Li Wenliang">Li Wenliang</a> (who was also punished on 3<span class="nowrap"> </span>January),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-siStf_225-0"><a href="#cite_note-siStf-225">[224]</a></sup> were later admonished by the police for spreading false rumours; and another doctor, <a href="/wiki/Ai_Fen" title="Ai Fen">Ai Fen</a>, was reprimanded by her superiors for raising the alarm.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200311theguardian_226-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200311theguardian-226">[225]</a></sup> That evening, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission issued a notice to various medical institutions about "the treatment of pneumonia of unknown cause".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-promedmail6864153_227-0"><a href="#cite_note-promedmail6864153-227">[226]</a></sup> The next day, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission made the first public announcement of a pneumonia outbreak of unknown cause, confirming 27 cases<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-69_228-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-69-228">[227]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PYMIR_229-0"><a href="#cite_note-PYMIR-229">[228]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-68_230-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-68-230">[229]</a></sup>—enough to trigger an investigation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc50984025_231-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc50984025-231">[230]</a></sup>
</p><p>The following day, on 31 December, the WHO office in China was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO_report_232-0"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_report-232">[231]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-69_228-1"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-69-228">[227]</a></sup> An investigation was launched at the start of January 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc50984025_231-1"><a href="#cite_note-bbc50984025-231">[230]</a></sup>
</p><p>According to official Chinese sources, the early cases were mostly linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, which also sold live animals.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-characteristicsZH_233-0"><a href="#cite_note-characteristicsZH-233">[232]</a></sup> However, in May 2020, <a href="/wiki/George_F._Gao" title="George F. Gao">George Gao</a>, the director of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Center_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention">Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention</a>, said animal samples collected from the seafood market had tested negative for the virus, indicating the market was not the source of the initial outbreak.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ALmAQ_234-0"><a href="#cite_note-ALmAQ-234">[233]</a></sup> In March 2021, the WHO published their report on the potential zoonotic source of the virus. The WHO concluded that human spillover via an intermediate animal host was the most likely explanation, with direct spillover from bats next most likely and introduction through the food supply chain as another possible explanation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-who-origins-20210330_2-1"><a href="#cite_note-who-origins-20210330-2">[2]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:5_26-1"><a href="#cite_note-:5-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2020">2020</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Timelines of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 by month: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">January</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">February</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">March</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">April</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">May</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">June</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">July</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">August</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">September</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">October</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">November</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">December</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="4032" data-file-width="3024" decoding="async" height="227" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg/170px-2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg/255px-2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg/340px-2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg 2x" width="170"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Chinese medics in the city of <a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a>, Hubei on 20 March 2020</div></div></div>
<p>From 31 December 2019 to 3 January 2020, a total of 44 cases of "pneumonia of unknown causes" were reported to WHO by the Chinese authorities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-235"><a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 11 January, WHO received further information from the Chinese National Health Commission that the outbreak is associated with exposures in one seafood market in Wuhan, and that the Chinese authorities had identified a new type of coronavirus, which was isolated on 7 January.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO_report_232-1"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_report-232">[231]</a></sup>
</p><p>During the early stages of the outbreak, the number of cases doubled approximately every seven and a half days.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Qun29Jan2020_236-0"><a href="#cite_note-Qun29Jan2020-236">[235]</a></sup> In early and mid-January, the virus spread to other <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Chinese provinces</a>, helped by the <a href="/wiki/Chunyun" title="Chunyun">Chinese New Year migration</a> and Wuhan being a transport hub and major rail interchange.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO_report_28_February_2020_237-0"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_report_28_February_2020-237">[236]</a></sup> On 10 January, the SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequence data was shared through <a href="/wiki/GISAID" title="GISAID">GISAID</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-238"><a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a></sup> On 20 January, China reported nearly 140 new cases in one day, including two people in Beijing and one in <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-france2420200120_239-0"><a href="#cite_note-france2420200120-239">[238]</a></sup> A retrospective official study published in March found that 6,174 people had already developed symptoms by 20 January (most of them would be diagnosed later)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Epidemiology17Feb2020_240-0"><a href="#cite_note-Epidemiology17Feb2020-240">[239]</a></sup> and more may have been infected.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-flattery_241-0"><a href="#cite_note-flattery-241">[240]</a></sup> A report in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a></i> on 24 January indicated human transmission, strongly recommended <a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">personal protective equipment</a> for health workers, and said testing for the virus was essential due to its "pandemic potential".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Huang24Jan2020_42-1"><a href="#cite_note-Huang24Jan2020-42">[42]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Horton_18_March_242-0"><a href="#cite_note-Horton_18_March-242">[241]</a></sup> On 31 January, <i>The Lancet</i> would publish the first modelling study explicitly warning of inevitable "independent self-sustaining outbreaks in major cities globally" and calling for "large-scale public health interventions."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pmid32014114_243-0"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32014114-243">[242]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 30 January, with 7,818 confirmed cases across 19 countries, the WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Emergency_of_International_Concern" title="Public Health Emergency of International Concern">Public Health Emergency of International Concern</a> (PHEIC),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO_PHEICSR_244-0"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_PHEICSR-244">[243]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO_PHEIC_decl2_245-0"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_PHEIC_decl2-245">[244]</a></sup> and then a <a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">pandemic</a> on 11 March 2020<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO_pandemicSR_246-0"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_pandemicSR-246">[245]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHOpandemic_247-0"><a href="#cite_note-WHOpandemic-247">[246]</a></sup> as Italy, Iran, South Korea, and Japan reported increasing numbers of cases.
</p><p>On 31 January, Italy had its first confirmed cases, two tourists from China.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Corriere_20Jan_248-0"><a href="#cite_note-Corriere_20Jan-248">[247]</a></sup> On 19 March, Italy overtook China as the country with the most reported deaths.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sky11960412_249-0"><a href="#cite_note-sky11960412-249">[248]</a></sup> By 26 March, the United States had overtaken China and Italy with the highest number of confirmed cases in the world.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT-20200326_250-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20200326-250">[249]</a></sup> Research on SARS-CoV-2 genomes indicates the majority of COVID-19 cases in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)">New York</a> came from European travellers, rather than directly from China or any other Asian country.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200408nytimes_251-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200408nytimes-251">[250]</a></sup> Retesting of prior samples found a person in France who had the virus on 27 December 2019<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-France-retest_252-0"><a href="#cite_note-France-retest-252">[251]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Deslandes_2020_253-0"><a href="#cite_note-Deslandes_2020-253">[252]</a></sup> and a person in the United States who died from the disease on 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>February 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PBS-2wks_254-0"><a href="#cite_note-PBS-2wks-254">[253]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi,_Ukraine.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2338" data-file-width="3500" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg/220px-COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg/330px-COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg/440px-COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi,_Ukraine.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A patient in Ukraine in May 2020 wears a <a href="/wiki/Diving_mask" title="Diving mask">scuba mask</a> in the absence of <a href="/wiki/Artificial_ventilation" title="Artificial ventilation">artificial ventilation</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>On 11 June, after 55 days without a locally transmitted case being officially reported,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-scmp-markets_255-0"><a href="#cite_note-scmp-markets-255">[254]</a></sup> the city of Beijing reported a single COVID-19 case, followed by two more cases on 12 June.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Vlsb1_256-0"><a href="#cite_note-Vlsb1-256">[255]</a></sup> As of 15 June 2020, 79 cases were officially confirmed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wAsR1_257-0"><a href="#cite_note-wAsR1-257">[256]</a></sup> Most of these patients went to <a href="/wiki/Xinfadi_Market" title="Xinfadi Market">Xinfadi Wholesale Market</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-scmp-markets_255-1"><a href="#cite_note-scmp-markets-255">[254]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-oOS1t_258-0"><a href="#cite_note-oOS1t-258">[257]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 29 June, WHO warned that the spread of the virus was still accelerating as countries reopened their economies, despite many countries having made progress in slowing down the spread.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HfGjG_259-0"><a href="#cite_note-HfGjG-259">[258]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 15 July, one COVID-19 case was officially reported in <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a> in more than three months. The patient did not travel outside the city in the 14 days before developing symptoms, nor did he have contact with people from "areas of attention."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-undercurrent_260-0"><a href="#cite_note-undercurrent-260">[259]</a></sup>
</p><p>In October, the WHO stated, at a special meeting of WHO leaders, that one in ten people around the world may have been infected with COVID-19. At the time, that translated to 780 million people being infected, while only 35 million infections had been confirmed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc_oneinten_261-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_oneinten-261">[260]</a></sup>
</p><p>In early November, Denmark reported on <a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">an outbreak of a unique mutated variant</a> being transmitted to humans from <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Minks" title="Minks">minks</a> in its <a href="/wiki/North_Jutland_Region" title="North Jutland Region">North Jutland Region</a>. All twelve human cases of the mutated variant were identified in September 2020. The WHO released a report saying the variant "had a combination of mutations or changes that have not been previously observed."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5qH0Q_262-0"><a href="#cite_note-5qH0Q-262">[261]</a></sup> In response, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Mette Frederiksen</a> ordered for the country – the world's largest producer of mink fur – to cull its mink population by as many as 17 million.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-y6eQ0_263-0"><a href="#cite_note-y6eQ0-263">[262]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 9 November, <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a> released their trial results for a candidate vaccine, showing that it is 90% effective against the virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FEv4C_264-0"><a href="#cite_note-FEv4C-264">[263]</a></sup> Later that day, <a href="/wiki/Novavax" title="Novavax">Novavax</a> entered an <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">FDA</a> Fast Track application for their vaccine.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NPZ5P_265-0"><a href="#cite_note-NPZ5P-265">[264]</a></sup> Virologist and US <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases" title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</a> director <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a> indicated that the Pfizer vaccine targets the spike protein used to infect cells by the virus. Some issues left to be answered are how long the vaccine offers protection, and if it offers the same level of protection to all ages. Initial doses will likely go to healthcare workers on the front lines.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-qAMCq_266-0"><a href="#cite_note-qAMCq-266">[265]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 9 November 2020, the United States surpassed 10 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, making it the country with the most cases worldwide by a large margin.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JCmUy_267-0"><a href="#cite_note-JCmUy-267">[266]</a></sup>
</p><p>It was reported on 27 November, that a publication released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicated that the number of viral infections are via confirmed laboratory test only. However, the true number could be about eight times the reported number; the report further indicated that the true number of virus infected cases <i>could be</i> around 100 million in the US.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-268"><a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-269"><a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 14 December, <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_England" title="Public Health England">Public Health England</a> reported a new variant had been discovered in the South East of England, predominantly in <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>. The variant, named <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Variant_of_Concern_202012/01" title="Variant of Concern 202012/01">Variant of Concern 202012/01</a>, showed changes to the <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_spike_protein" title="Coronavirus spike protein">spike protein</a> which could make the virus more infectious. As of 13 December, there were 1,108 cases identified.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-270"><a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a></sup> Many countries halted all flights from the UK;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-271"><a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a></sup> France-bound <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Eurotunnel" title="Eurotunnel">Eurotunnel</a> service was suspended and ferries carrying passengers and accompanied freight were cancelled as the French border closed to people on 20 December.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-France_shuts_border_272-0"><a href="#cite_note-France_shuts_border-272">[271]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2021">2021</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Timelines of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021 by month: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">January</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">February</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">March</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">April</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">May</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">June</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">July</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">August</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">September</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">October</a></div>
<p>On 2 January, VOC-202012/01, a variant of SARS-CoV-2 first discovered in the UK, had been identified in 33 countries around the world, including Pakistan, South Korea, Switzerland, Taiwan, Norway, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, India, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Iceland, and China.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-273"><a href="#cite_note-273">[272]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 6 January, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Lineage_P.1" title="Lineage P.1">P.1 variant</a> was first identified in Japanese travellers who had just returned from Brazil.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-274"><a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 12 January, it was reported that a team of scientists from the World Health Organization would arrive in Wuhan on the 14th of the month; this is to ascertain the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and determine what were the intermediate hosts between the original reservoir and humans.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-275"><a href="#cite_note-275">[274]</a></sup> On the following day, two of the WHO members were barred from entering China because, according to the country, antibodies for the virus were detected in both.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-276"><a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 29 January, it was reported that the Novavax vaccine was only 49% effective against the 501.V2 variant in a clinical trial in South Africa.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-277"><a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-278"><a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a></sup> The China COVID-19 vaccine CoronaVac indicated 50.4% effectivity in a Brazil clinical trial.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-279"><a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 12 March, it was reported that several countries, including Thailand, Denmark, Bulgaria, Norway and Iceland, had stopped using the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine due to what was being called severe blood clotting problems, a <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_venous_sinus_thrombosis" title="Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis">cerebral venous sinus thrombosis</a> (CVST). Additionally, Austria halted the use of one batch of the aforementioned vaccine as well.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-280"><a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a></sup> On 20 March, the WHO and European Medicines Agency found no link between <a href="/wiki/Thrombus" title="Thrombus">thrombus</a> (a blood clot of clinical importance), leading several European countries to resume administering the AstraZeneca vaccine.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-281"><a href="#cite_note-281">[280]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 29 March, it was reported that the US government was planning to introduce <a href="/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation#Digital_vaccination_passport" title="Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">COVID-19 vaccination 'passports'</a> to allow those who have been vaccinated the ability to board aeroplanes, cruise ships as well as other activities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-282"><a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a></sup>
</p><p>In April and May, a severe wave of infections hit India, where the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta variant</a> was first identified. In mid-April, the variant was first detected in the UK and two months later it has catalysed a third wave in the country, forcing the government to delay the full reopening from lockdown which was originally scheduled on 21 June.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-283"><a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 11 August, the developers of <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">Sputnik V</a> offered the first component of that two-dose vaccine, '<a href="/wiki/Sputnik_Light" title="Sputnik Light">Sputnik Light</a>' (Ad26), to <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a> for trial as a booster against the Delta variant.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-284"><a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-285"><a href="#cite_note-285">[284]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 31 August, The National Institute for Communicable Diseases (South Africa) indicated a potential variant of interest known as C.1.2; it has been identified in the entire country and abroad.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-286"><a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 3 September Dr. Anthony Fauci, medical adviser to President Biden and Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, indicated that 3 doses of vaccine for COVID-19 will become the new norm.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-287"><a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a></sup>
</p><p>As of 23 October 2021, more than 243<span class="nowrap"> </span>million cases have been reported worldwide due to COVID-19; more than 4.94<span class="nowrap"> </span>million have died.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-5"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="National_responses">National responses</span></h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">COVID-19 lockdowns</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_(49627907646).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2000" data-file-width="3000" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_(49627907646).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Then-US President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> signs the <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Preparedness_and_Response_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2020" title="Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020">Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act</a> into law with <a href="/wiki/Alex_Azar" title="Alex Azar">Alex Azar</a> on 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>March 2020.</div></div></div>
<p>Due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">pandemic in Europe</a>, many countries in the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a> have restricted free movement and set up border controls.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-iR2Oj_288-0"><a href="#cite_note-iR2Oj-288">[287]</a></sup> National reactions have included containment measures such as <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Curfews_and_lockdowns_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Curfews and lockdowns related to the COVID-19 pandemic">quarantines and curfews</a> (known as <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Stay-at-home_orders" title="Stay-at-home orders">stay-at-home orders</a>, shelter-in-place orders, or lockdowns).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IVdfl_289-0"><a href="#cite_note-IVdfl-289">[288]</a></sup> The WHO's recommendation on curfews and lockdowns is that they should be short-term measures to reorganise, regroup, rebalance resources, and protect health workers who are exhausted. To achieve a balance between restrictions and normal life, the long-term responses to the pandemic should consist of strict personal hygiene, effective contact tracing, and isolating when ill.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58tIM_290-0"><a href="#cite_note-58tIM-290">[289]</a></sup>
</p><p>By 26 March 2020, 1.7 billion people worldwide were under some form of lockdown,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-theguardian500000_291-0"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian500000-291">[290]</a></sup> which increased to 3.9 billion people by the first week of April—more than half the <a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">world's population</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200403euronews_292-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200403euronews-292">[291]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200328businessinsider_293-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200328businessinsider-293">[292]</a></sup>
</p><p>By late April 2020, around 300 million people were under lockdown in nations of Europe, including but not limited to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">France</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, while around 200 million people were under lockdown in Latin America.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-end_april_294-0"><a href="#cite_note-end_april-294">[293]</a></sup> Nearly 300 million people, or about 90 per cent of the population, were under some form of lockdown in the United States,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200402businessinsider_295-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200402businessinsider-295">[294]</a></sup> around 100 million people in the Philippines,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-end_april_294-1"><a href="#cite_note-end_april-294">[293]</a></sup> about 59 million people in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">South Africa</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200327nytimes_296-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200327nytimes-296">[295]</a></sup> and 1.3 billion people have been under <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_India" title="COVID-19 lockdown in India">lockdown in India</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200329theguardian_297-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200329theguardian-297">[296]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aljazeera2003270945_298-0"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2003270945-298">[297]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Asia">Asia</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">COVID-19 pandemic in Asia</a></div>
<p>As of 30 April 2020,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Tajik1st_299-0"><a href="#cite_note-Tajik1st-299">[298]</a></sup> cases have been reported in all Asian countries except for <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea">North Korea</a>, although these countries likely also have cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc52186521_300-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52186521-300">[299]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc52146989_301-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52146989-301">[300]</a></sup> Despite being the first area of the world hit by the outbreak, the early wide-scale response of some Asian states, particularly <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bhutan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bhutan">Bhutan</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-302"><a href="#cite_note-302">[301]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore">Singapore</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-303"><a href="#cite_note-303">[302]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-304"><a href="#cite_note-304">[303]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Taiwan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan">Taiwan</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Nation_Taiwan_305-0"><a href="#cite_note-Nation_Taiwan-305">[304]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam">Vietnam</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7news973119_306-0"><a href="#cite_note-7news973119-306">[305]</a></sup> has allowed them to fare comparatively well. China is criticised for initially minimising the severity of the outbreak, but the delayed wide-scale response has largely contained the disease since March 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:0_307-0"><a href="#cite_note-:0-307">[306]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-308"><a href="#cite_note-308">[307]</a></sup>
</p><p>In <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">Japan</a>, the pandemic has been believed to have caused direct side effects in regards to mental health. According to the report by the country's <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_(Japan)" title="National Police Agency (Japan)">National Police Agency</a>, suicides had increased to 2,153 in October 2020. Experts also state that the pandemic has worsened mental health issues due to lockdowns and isolation from family members, among other issues.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-309"><a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="China">China</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3024" data-file-width="4032" decoding="async" height="165" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg/220px-%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg/330px-%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg/440px-%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Fangcang_Hospital" title="Fangcang Hospital">temporary hospital</a> constructed in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a> in February 2020</div></div></div>
<p>As of 14 July 2020, there are 83,545 cases confirmed in China—excluding 114 asymptomatic cases, 62 of which were imported, under medical observation; asymptomatic cases have not been reported prior to 31 March 2020—with 4,634 deaths and 78,509 recoveries,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-llOna_310-0"><a href="#cite_note-llOna-310">[309]</a></sup> meaning there are only 402 cases. Hubei has the most cases, followed by <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-xS8Ev_311-0"><a href="#cite_note-xS8Ev-311">[310]</a></sup> By March 2020, COVID-19 infections were largely put under control in China,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:0_307-1"><a href="#cite_note-:0-307">[306]</a></sup> with minor outbreaks since.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-312"><a href="#cite_note-312">[311]</a></sup> It was reported on 25 November 2020, that some 1 million people in the country of China had been vaccinated according to China's state council; the vaccines against COVID-19 came from <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/BBIBP-CorV" title="BBIBP-CorV">Sinopharm</a>, which makes two, and one produced by <a href="/wiki/CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">Sinovac</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-313"><a href="#cite_note-313">[312]</a></sup>
</p><p>However, throughout the pandemic, multiple sources have cast doubt upon the accuracy of China's official numbers for deaths and infections of COVID-19 during the initial outbreak, with some suggesting intentional suppression of data.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-314"><a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-315"><a href="#cite_note-315">[314]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-316"><a href="#cite_note-316">[315]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="India">India</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 pandemic in India</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="871" data-file-width="959" decoding="async" height="154" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg/170px-Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg/255px-Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg/340px-Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg 2x" width="170"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Indian officials conducting temperature checks at the <a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra" title="Ratha Yatra">Ratha Yatra</a> Hindu festival on 23 June 2020</div></div></div>
<p>The first case of COVID-19 in India was reported on 30 January 2020. India ordered a nationwide lockdown for the entire population starting 24 March 2020,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mrGsK_317-0"><a href="#cite_note-mrGsK-317">[316]</a></sup> with a phased unlock beginning 1 June 2020. Six cities account for around half of all reported cases in the country—<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delhi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gujarat" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat">Ahmedabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra">Pune</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Bengal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal">Kolkata</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sHMHJ_318-0"><a href="#cite_note-sHMHJ-318">[317]</a></sup> On 10 June 2020, India's recoveries exceeded active cases for the first time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-P0IqK_319-0"><a href="#cite_note-P0IqK-319">[318]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 30 August 2020, India surpassed the US record for the most cases in a single day, with more than 78,000 cases,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2it1s_320-0"><a href="#cite_note-2it1s-320">[319]</a></sup> and set a new record on 16 September 2020, with almost 98,000 cases reported that day.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-321"><a href="#cite_note-321">[320]</a></sup> As of 30 August 2020, India's case fatality rate is relatively low at 2.3%, against the global 4.7%.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SYon7_322-0"><a href="#cite_note-SYon7-322">[321]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (February 2021)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>As of September 2020, India had the largest number of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">confirmed cases in Asia</a>;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-asia_first_323-0"><a href="#cite_note-asia_first-323">[322]</a></sup> and the second-highest number of confirmed cases in the world,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-E8R37_324-0"><a href="#cite_note-E8R37-324">[323]</a></sup> behind the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">United States</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5yBLb_325-0"><a href="#cite_note-5yBLb-325">[324]</a></sup> with the number of total confirmed cases breaching the 100,000 mark on 19 May 2020,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2ACPr_326-0"><a href="#cite_note-2ACPr-326">[325]</a></sup> 1,000,000 on 16 July 2020,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dT4iD_327-0"><a href="#cite_note-dT4iD-327">[326]</a></sup> and 5,000,000 confirmed cases on 16 September 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-btBce_328-0"><a href="#cite_note-btBce-328">[327]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 19 December 2020, India crossed the total number of 10,000,000 confirmed cases but with a slow pace.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-329"><a href="#cite_note-329">[328]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Indian Ministry of Science initiated a mathematical simulation of the pandemic, the so-called "Indian Supermodel", which correctly predicted the decrease of active cases starting in September 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-330"><a href="#cite_note-330">[329]</a></sup>
</p><p>A second wave hit India in April 2021, placing healthcare services under severe strain.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-331"><a href="#cite_note-331">[330]</a></sup> By late April, the government was reporting over 300,000 new infections and 2,000 deaths per day, with concerns of undercounting.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-332"><a href="#cite_note-332">[331]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Iran">Iran</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iran" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iran">COVID-19 pandemic in Iran</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="635" data-file-width="1050" decoding="async" height="133" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg/220px-Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg/330px-Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg/440px-Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Disinfection of <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Metro" title="Tehran Metro">Tehran Metro</a> trains against COVID-19 transmission. Similar measures have also been taken in other countries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2kQpo_333-0"><a href="#cite_note-2kQpo-333">[332]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>Iran reported its first confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections on 19 February 2020 in <a href="/wiki/Qom" title="Qom">Qom</a>, where, according to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Medical_Education" title="Ministry of Health and Medical Education">Ministry of Health and Medical Education</a>, two people had died that day.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wHBRB_334-0"><a href="#cite_note-wHBRB-334">[333]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4yrqM_335-0"><a href="#cite_note-4yrqM-335">[334]</a></sup> Early measures announced by the government included the cancellation of concerts and other cultural events,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Xm5nq_336-0"><a href="#cite_note-Xm5nq-336">[335]</a></sup> sporting events,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aEO6O_337-0"><a href="#cite_note-aEO6O-337">[336]</a></sup> Friday prayers,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Urdn6_338-0"><a href="#cite_note-Urdn6-338">[337]</a></sup> and closures of universities, higher education institutions, and schools.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2YX6a_339-0"><a href="#cite_note-2YX6a-339">[338]</a></sup> Iran allocated 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>trillion <a href="/wiki/Iranian_rial" title="Iranian rial">rials</a> (equivalent to <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$120,000,000</span>) to combat the virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-grT4c_340-0"><a href="#cite_note-grT4c-340">[339]</a></sup> President <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani" title="Hassan Rouhani">Hassan Rouhani</a> said on 26 February 2020 there were no plans to quarantine areas affected by the outbreak, and only individuals would be quarantined.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BEhed_341-0"><a href="#cite_note-BEhed-341">[340]</a></sup> Plans to limit travel between cities were announced in March 2020,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBqei_342-0"><a href="#cite_note-BBqei-342">[341]</a></sup> although heavy traffic between cities ahead of the Persian New Year <a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> continued.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc24032020_343-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc24032020-343">[342]</a></sup> <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Shia" title="Shia">Shia</a> shrines in Qom remained open to pilgrims until 16 March.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HhmZ1_344-0"><a href="#cite_note-HhmZ1-344">[343]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-iran_shrines_345-0"><a href="#cite_note-iran_shrines-345">[344]</a></sup>
</p><p>Iran became a centre of the spread of the virus after China in February 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HHOnl_346-0"><a href="#cite_note-HHOnl-346">[345]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-newyorker_347-0"><a href="#cite_note-newyorker-347">[346]</a></sup> More than ten countries had traced their cases back to Iran by 28 February, indicating the outbreak may have been more severe than the 388 cases reported by the Iranian government by that date.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-newyorker_347-1"><a href="#cite_note-newyorker-347">[346]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-D2Xpc_348-0"><a href="#cite_note-D2Xpc-348">[347]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Consultative_Assembly" title="Islamic Consultative Assembly">Iranian Parliament</a> was shut down, with 23 of its 290 members reported to have had tested positive for the virus on 3<span class="nowrap"> </span>March 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-fXv2K_349-0"><a href="#cite_note-fXv2K-349">[348]</a></sup> On 15 March 2020, the Iranian government reported a hundred deaths in a single day, the most recorded in the country since the outbreak began.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-omeCS_350-0"><a href="#cite_note-omeCS-350">[349]</a></sup> At least twelve sitting or former Iranian politicians and government officials had died from the disease by 17 March 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-oxtUC_351-0"><a href="#cite_note-oxtUC-351">[350]</a></sup> By 23 March 2020, Iran was experiencing fifty new cases every hour and one new death every ten minutes due to COVID-19.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-V0Gmj_352-0"><a href="#cite_note-V0Gmj-352">[351]</a></sup> According to a WHO official, there may be five times more cases in Iran than what is being reported. It is also suggested that US sanctions on Iran may be affecting the country's financial ability to respond to the viral outbreak.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9upke_353-0"><a href="#cite_note-9upke-353">[352]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 20 April 2020, Iran reopened shopping malls and other shopping areas across the country.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-yahoo080329918_354-0"><a href="#cite_note-yahoo080329918-354">[353]</a></sup> After reaching a low in new cases in early May, a new peak was reported on 4<span class="nowrap"> </span>June 2020, raising fear of a second wave.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ibeNh_355-0"><a href="#cite_note-ibeNh-355">[354]</a></sup> On 18 July 2020, President Rouhani estimated that 25 million Iranians had already become infected, which is considerably higher than the official count.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-reuters_july2020_356-0"><a href="#cite_note-reuters_july2020-356">[355]</a></sup> Leaked data<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (August 2021)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> suggest that 42,000 people had died with COVID-19 symptoms by 20 July 2020, nearly tripling the 14,405 officially reported by that date.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-QtjEU_357-0"><a href="#cite_note-QtjEU-357">[356]</a></sup>
</p><p>In August 2021, the pandemic was in its the fifth wave in the country with more than 400 deaths in 1 day according to the official reported statistics.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-358"><a href="#cite_note-358">[357]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="South_Korea">South Korea</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea">COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1597" data-file-width="2400" decoding="async" height="146" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg/220px-Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg/330px-Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg/440px-Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A <a href="/wiki/Drive-through" title="Drive-through">drive-through</a> test centre at the <a href="/wiki/Gyeongju" title="Gyeongju">Gyeongju</a> Public Health Centre</div></div></div>
<p>COVID-19 was confirmed to have spread to South Korea on 20 January 2020 from China. The nation's health agency reported a significant increase in confirmed cases on 20 February,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ThomReut_SKorea_zombie_359-0"><a href="#cite_note-ThomReut_SKorea_zombie-359">[358]</a></sup> largely attributed to a gathering in <a href="/wiki/Daegu" title="Daegu">Daegu</a> of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Shincheonji_Church_of_Jesus_the_Temple_of_the_Tabernacle_of_the_Testimony" title="Shincheonji Church of Jesus the Temple of the Tabernacle of the Testimony">Shincheonji Church of Jesus</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ThomReut_SKorea_zombie_359-1"><a href="#cite_note-ThomReut_SKorea_zombie-359">[358]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-zMJnB_360-0"><a href="#cite_note-zMJnB-360">[359]</a></sup> Shincheonji devotees visiting Daegu from Wuhan were suspected to be the origin of the outbreak.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-b82186_361-0"><a href="#cite_note-b82186-361">[360]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-koreabiomed_362-0"><a href="#cite_note-koreabiomed-362">[361]</a></sup> By 22 February<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, among 9,336 followers of the church, 1,261 or about 13 per cent reported symptoms.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BOQ2O_363-0"><a href="#cite_note-BOQ2O-363">[362]</a></sup> South Korea declared the highest level of alert on 23 February 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-GKvzB_364-0"><a href="#cite_note-GKvzB-364">[363]</a></sup> On 29 February, more than 3,150 confirmed cases were reported.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SPmG7_365-0"><a href="#cite_note-SPmG7-365">[364]</a></sup> All South Korean military bases were quarantined after tests showed three soldiers had the virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-b82186_361-1"><a href="#cite_note-b82186-361">[360]</a></sup> Airline schedules were also changed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-l2hq3_366-0"><a href="#cite_note-l2hq3-366">[365]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-iLVLj_367-0"><a href="#cite_note-iLVLj-367">[366]</a></sup>
</p><p>South Korea introduced what was considered the largest and best-organised programme in the world to screen the population for the virus, isolate any infected people, and trace and quarantine those who contacted them.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-science20200317_368-0"><a href="#cite_note-science20200317-368">[367]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mNKf7_369-0"><a href="#cite_note-mNKf7-369">[368]</a></sup> Screening methods included mandatory self-reporting of symptoms by new international arrivals through mobile application,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nbcnews1167376_370-0"><a href="#cite_note-nbcnews1167376-370">[369]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Drive-through" title="Drive-through">drive-through</a> testing for the virus with the results available the next day,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CvyZS_371-0"><a href="#cite_note-CvyZS-371">[370]</a></sup> and increasing testing capability to allow up to 20,000 people to be tested every day.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-fdhQW_372-0"><a href="#cite_note-fdhQW-372">[371]</a></sup> Despite some early criticisms of President <a href="/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon Jae-in</a>'s response to the crisis,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-imx38_373-0"><a href="#cite_note-imx38-373">[372]</a></sup> South Korea's programme is considered a success in controlling the outbreak without quarantining entire cities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-science20200317_368-1"><a href="#cite_note-science20200317-368">[367]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wypis_374-0"><a href="#cite_note-Wypis-374">[373]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-joins23778577_375-0"><a href="#cite_note-joins23778577-375">[374]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 23 March 2020, it was reported that South Korea had the lowest one-day case total in four weeks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-fdhQW_372-1"><a href="#cite_note-fdhQW-372">[371]</a></sup> On 29 March, it was reported that beginning 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>April all new overseas arrivals will be quarantined for two weeks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-yahoo013830705_376-0"><a href="#cite_note-yahoo013830705-376">[375]</a></sup> Per media reports on 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>April, South Korea has received requests for virus testing assistance from 121 different countries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-U0Hrf_377-0"><a href="#cite_note-U0Hrf-377">[376]</a></sup> Persistent local groups of infections in the greater Seoul area continued to be found, which led to Korea's CDC director saying in June that the country had entered the second wave of infections,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-gKU7Q_378-0"><a href="#cite_note-gKU7Q-378">[377]</a></sup> although a WHO official disagreed with that assessment.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tfxTS_379-0"><a href="#cite_note-tfxTS-379">[378]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Europe">Europe</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">COVID-19 pandemic in Europe</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1457" data-file-width="1440" decoding="async" height="304" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg/300px-Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg/450px-Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg/600px-Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg.png 2x" width="300"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Deaths per 100,000 residents</div></div></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<p>The first case in Europe was confirmed in Bordeaux, France, on 24 January 2020.
</p><p>By 13 March 2020, when the number of reported new cases of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> became greater than those in China, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) began to consider Europe the active centre of the COVID-19 pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-380"><a href="#cite_note-380">[379]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-381"><a href="#cite_note-381">[380]</a></sup> By 22 May 2020, the WHO said that <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South America</a> was now experiencing a worse outbreak.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-382"><a href="#cite_note-382">[381]</a></sup>
</p><p>By 17 March 2020, all countries within Europe had a confirmed case of COVID-19, with Montenegro being the last European country to report at least one case.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-383"><a href="#cite_note-383">[382]</a></sup> At least one death has been reported in all European countries, apart from the Vatican City.
</p><p>By 18 March 2020, more than 250 million people were in <a href="/wiki/Stay-at-home_order" title="Stay-at-home order">lockdown</a> in Europe.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-384"><a href="#cite_note-384">[383]</a></sup>
</p>
On 24 May 2020, 68 days since its first recorded case, Montenegro became the first COVID-free country in Europe,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-385"><a href="#cite_note-385">[384]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-386"><a href="#cite_note-386">[385]</a></sup> but this only lasted for 44 days before a newly imported case was identified there.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-387"><a href="#cite_note-387">[386]</a></sup> The European countries with the highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases are the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">Spain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe_jhumap_388-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe_jhumap-388">[387]</a></sup></div></div>
<p>On 21 August, it was reported the COVID-19 cases were climbing among younger individuals across Europe.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HFR3b_389-0"><a href="#cite_note-HFR3b-389">[388]</a></sup> On 21 November, it was reported by the Voice of America that Europe is the worst hit area by COVID-19, with numbers exceeding 15 million cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-390"><a href="#cite_note-390">[389]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="France">France</span></h4>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><div class="PopUpMediaTransform" id="mwe_player_2" style="width:220px;" videopayload='<div class="mediaContainer" style="width:854px"><video id="mwe_player_3" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/854px--Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" style="width:854px;height:480px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="74.802" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="SD VP9 (480P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 480P" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="1069224" data-framerate="29.97"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.480p.webm" type="video/webm; 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codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="Small WebM (240P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="332856" data-framerate="29.97"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Small VP9 (240P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="348000" data-framerate="29.97"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="VP9 (360P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="587400" data-framerate="29.97"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="WebM (360P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="587896" data-framerate="29.97"/></video></div>'><img alt="File:Paris Covid19 Avril 2020.webm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/220px--Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.jpg" style="width:220px;height:124px"/><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm" target="new" title="Play media"><span class="play-btn-large"><span class="mw-tmh-playtext">Play media</span></span></a></div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Empty streets in Paris, 2020</div></div></div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">COVID-19 pandemic in France</a></div>
<p>Although it was originally thought the pandemic reached France on 24 January 2020, when the first COVID-19 case in Europe was confirmed in <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, it was later discovered that a person near Paris had tested positive for the virus on 27 December 2019 after retesting old samples.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-France-retest_252-1"><a href="#cite_note-France-retest-252">[251]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Deslandes_2020_253-1"><a href="#cite_note-Deslandes_2020-253">[252]</a></sup> A key event in the spread of the disease in the country was the annual assembly of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Open_Door_Church" title="Christian Open Door Church">Christian Open Door Church</a> between 17 and 24 February in <a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a>, which was attended by about 2,500 people, at least half of whom are believed to have contracted the virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-lepoint2369173_391-0"><a href="#cite_note-lepoint2369173-391">[390]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-francetvinfo3889133_392-0"><a href="#cite_note-francetvinfo3889133-392">[391]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 13 March, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">Édouard Philippe</a> ordered the closure of all non-essential public places,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc51892477_393-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc51892477-393">[392]</a></sup> and on 16 March, French President <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> announced mandatory home confinement, a policy which was extended at least until 11 May.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-394"><a href="#cite_note-394">[393]</a></sup> As of 14 September<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, France has reported more than 402,000 confirmed cases, 30,000 deaths, and 90,000 recoveries,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dashboard_Covid19_France_395-0"><a href="#cite_note-dashboard_Covid19_France-395">[394]</a></sup> ranking fourth in number of confirmed cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoQ7-3_396-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoQ7-3-396">[395]</a></sup> In April, there were riots in some <a href="/wiki/Banlieue" title="Banlieue">Paris suburbs</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-washingtonpost9881111_397-0"><a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost9881111-397">[396]</a></sup> On 18 May, it was reported that schools in France had to close again after reopening, due to COVID-19 case flare-ups.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-iqGod_398-0"><a href="#cite_note-iqGod-398">[397]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 12 November, it was reported that France had become the worst-hit country by the COVID-19 pandemic, in all of Europe, in the process surpassing Russia. The new total of confirmed cases was more than 1.8 million and counting; additionally it was indicated by the French government that the national lockdown would remain in place.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-W4fOQ_399-0"><a href="#cite_note-W4fOQ-399">[398]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Italy">Italy</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">COVID-19 pandemic in Italy</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Emergenza_coronavirus_(49496308758).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1020" data-file-width="1361" decoding="async" height="165" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg/220px-Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg/330px-Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg/440px-Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Emergenza_coronavirus_(49496308758).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Protezione_Civile" title="Protezione Civile">Civil Protection</a> volunteers conduct health checks at the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi_Airport" title="Guglielmo Marconi Airport">Guglielmo Marconi Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> on 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>February 2020.</div></div></div><p>The outbreak was confirmed to have spread to Italy on 31 January 2020, when two Chinese tourists tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Rome.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Corriere_20Jan_248-1"><a href="#cite_note-Corriere_20Jan-248">[247]</a></sup> Cases began to rise sharply, which prompted the Italian government to suspend all flights to and from China and declare a state of emergency.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-thelocal-flight_400-0"><a href="#cite_note-thelocal-flight-400">[399]</a></sup> An unassociated cluster of COVID-19 cases was later detected, starting with 16 confirmed cases in <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> on 21 February 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ThomReut_IT_16cluster_21Feb_401-0"><a href="#cite_note-ThomReut_IT_16cluster_21Feb-401">[400]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 22 February 2020, the Council of Ministers announced a new decree-law to contain the outbreak, including quarantining more than 50,000 people from eleven different municipalities in northern Italy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-201_402-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-201-402">[401]</a></sup> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Giuseppe Conte</a> said, "In the outbreak areas, entry and exit will not be provided. Suspension of work activities and sports events has already been ordered in those areas."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-202_403-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-202-403">[402]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-203_404-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-203-404">[403]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 4 March 2020, the Italian government ordered the full closure of all schools and universities nationwide as Italy reached a hundred deaths. All major sporting events were to be held behind closed doors until April,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-gZcpG_405-0"><a href="#cite_note-gZcpG-405">[404]</a></sup> but on 9<span class="nowrap"> </span>March, all sport was suspended completely for at least one month.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kv4Ld_406-0"><a href="#cite_note-Kv4Ld-406">[405]</a></sup> On 11 March 2020, Prime Minister Conte ordered stoppage of nearly all commercial activity except supermarkets and pharmacies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SWDJe_407-0"><a href="#cite_note-SWDJe-407">[406]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1B1Ui_408-0"><a href="#cite_note-1B1Ui-408">[407]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2652" data-file-width="3976" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg/220px-Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg/330px-Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg/440px-Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An exhausted <a href="/wiki/Anesthesiology" title="Anesthesiology">anesthesiologist physician</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pesaro" title="Pesaro">Pesaro</a>, Italy, March 2020</div></div></div>
<p>On 6 March 2020, the Italian College of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) published <a href="/wiki/Medical_ethics" title="Medical ethics">medical ethics</a> recommendations regarding <a href="/wiki/Triage" title="Triage">triage</a> protocols.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ZtNSb_409-0"><a href="#cite_note-ZtNSb-409">[408]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dKNFI_410-0"><a href="#cite_note-dKNFI-410">[409]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-uSIDF_411-0"><a href="#cite_note-uSIDF-411">[410]</a></sup> On 19 March 2020, Italy overtook China as the country with the most COVID-19-related deaths in the world after reporting 3,405 fatalities from the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-To26Y_412-0"><a href="#cite_note-To26Y-412">[411]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ClzT6_413-0"><a href="#cite_note-ClzT6-413">[412]</a></sup> On 22 March 2020, it was reported that Russia had sent nine military planes with medical equipment to Italy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200323euractiv_414-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200323euractiv-414">[413]</a></sup> As of 28 March<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 3,532,057 confirmed cases, 107,933 deaths, and 2,850,889 recoveries in Italy, with a large number of those cases occurring in the Lombardy region.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-6"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup> A CNN report indicated that the combination of Italy's large elderly population and inability to test all who have the virus to date may be contributing to the high fatality rate.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PJt9i_415-0"><a href="#cite_note-PJt9i-415">[414]</a></sup> On 19 April 2020, it was reported that the country had its lowest deaths at 433 in seven days and some businesses were asking for a loosening of restrictions after six weeks of lockdown.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-thehill493586_416-0"><a href="#cite_note-thehill493586-416">[415]</a></sup>
On 13 October 2020, the Italian government again issued restrictive rules to contain a rise in infections.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-KhaW7_417-0"><a href="#cite_note-KhaW7-417">[416]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 11 November, it was reported that Silvestro Scotti, president of the Italian Federation of General Practitioners indicated that all of Italy should come under restrictions due to the spread of COVID-19. A couple of days prior Filippo Anelli, president of the National Federation of Doctor's Guilds (FNOMCEO) asked for a complete lockdown of the peninsular nation due to the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fe7MN_418-0"><a href="#cite_note-Fe7MN-418">[417]</a></sup> On the 10th, a day before, Italy surpassed 1 million confirmed COVID-19 cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8XEwk_419-0"><a href="#cite_note-8XEwk-419">[418]</a></sup> On 23 November, it was reported that the second wave of the virus has caused some hospitals in Italy to stop accepting patients.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-420"><a href="#cite_note-420">[419]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Spain">Spain</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">COVID-19 pandemic in Spain</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3096" data-file-width="4128" decoding="async" height="165" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg/220px-2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg/330px-2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg/440px-2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Residents of <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, Spain, maintaining social distancing while queueing (20 March 2020)</div></div></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<p>The virus was first confirmed to have spread to <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> on 31 January 2020, when a German tourist tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in <a href="/wiki/La_Gomera" title="La Gomera">La Gomera</a>, Canary Islands.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_SanidadConfirmaEnLaGomera_421-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_SanidadConfirmaEnLaGomera-421">[420]</a></sup> Post-hoc genetic analysis has shown that at least 15 strains of the virus had been imported, and <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)#Definition_and_related_terms" title="Transmission (medicine)">community transmission</a> began by mid-February.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_genetic_analysis_422-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_genetic_analysis-422">[421]</a></sup> By 13 March, cases had been confirmed in all 50 provinces of the country.
</p><p>A partially unconstitutional lockdown was imposed on 14 March 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-423"><a href="#cite_note-423">[422]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_:9_424-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_:9-424">[423]</a></sup> On 29 March, it was announced that, beginning the following day, all non-essential workers were ordered to remain at home for the next 14 days.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-425"><a href="#cite_note-425">[424]</a></sup> By late March, the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a> has recorded the most cases and deaths in the country. Medical professionals and those who live in retirement homes have experienced especially high infection rates.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_IrishTimes_426-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_IrishTimes-426">[425]</a></sup> On 25 March, the official death toll in Spain surpassed <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">that of mainland China</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-427"><a href="#cite_note-427">[426]</a></sup> On 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>April, 950 people died of the virus in a 24-hour period—at the time, the most by any country in a single day.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-428"><a href="#cite_note-428">[427]</a></sup> On 17 May, the daily death toll announced by the Spanish government fell below 100 for the first time,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-429"><a href="#cite_note-429">[428]</a></sup> and 1 June was the first day without deaths by COVID-19.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-430"><a href="#cite_note-430">[429]</a></sup> The state of alarm ended on 21 June.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_2020-06-22-elpais_431-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_2020-06-22-elpais-431">[430]</a></sup> However, the number of cases increased again in July in a number of cities including <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, which led to reimposition of some restrictions but no national lockdown.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_bbc25july_432-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_bbc25july-432">[431]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_elpais6aug_433-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_elpais6aug-433">[432]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_telegraph_aug16_434-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_telegraph_aug16-434">[433]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-435"><a href="#cite_note-435">[434]</a></sup>
</p><p>Studies have suggested that the number of infections and deaths may have been underestimated due to lack of testing and reporting, and many people with only mild or no symptoms were not tested.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-436"><a href="#cite_note-436">[435]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-437"><a href="#cite_note-437">[436]</a></sup> Reports in May suggested that, based on a sample of more than 63,000 people, the number of infections may be ten times higher than the number of confirmed cases by that date, and <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Madrid</a> and several provinces of <a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla–La Mancha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a> were the most affected areas with a percentage of infection greater than 10%.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_Europa_Press-20200513_438-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_Europa_Press-20200513-438">[437]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_Mundo-20200513_439-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_Mundo-20200513-439">[438]</a></sup> There may also be as many as 15,815 more deaths according to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Health (Spain)">Spanish Ministry of Health</a> monitoring system on daily <a href="/wiki/Mortality_displacement" title="Mortality displacement">excess mortality</a> (Sistema de Monitorización de la Mortalidad Diaria – MoMo).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_País-20200527_440-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_País-20200527-440">[439]</a></sup> On 6 July 2020, the results of a <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Government of Spain</a> nationwide seroprevalence study showed that about two million people, or 5.2% of the population, could have been infected during the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_RTVE-20200706_441-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_RTVE-20200706-441">[440]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_País-20200706_442-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_País-20200706-442">[441]</a></sup> Spain was the second country in Europe (behind Russia) to record half a million cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_half_million_443-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_half_million-443">[442]</a></sup> On 21 October, Spain passed 1 million COVID-19 cases, with 1,005,295 infections and 34,366 deaths reported, a third of which occurred in Madrid.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-444"><a href="#cite_note-444">[443]</a></sup>
</p>
As of September 2021, Spain is one of the countries with the highest percentage of its population vaccinated (76% fully vaccinated and 79% with the first dose),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-445"><a href="#cite_note-445">[444]</a></sup> while also being one of the countries more in favor of vaccines against COVID-19 (nearly 94% of its population is already vaccinated or wants to be). <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-446"><a href="#cite_note-446">[445]</a></sup></div></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Sweden">Sweden</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden">COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden</a></div>
<p>Sweden differed from most other European countries in that it mostly remained open.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT20200515_447-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYT20200515-447">[446]</a></sup> Per the Swedish Constitution, the <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Agency_of_Sweden" title="Public Health Agency of Sweden">Public Health Agency of Sweden</a> has autonomy which prevents political interference and the agency's policy favoured forgoing a lockdown. The Swedish strategy focused on measures that could be put in place over a longer period of time, based on the assumption that the virus would start spreading again after a shorter lockdown.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7ys2k_448-0"><a href="#cite_note-7ys2k-448">[447]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-I06mN_449-0"><a href="#cite_note-I06mN-449">[448]</a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> said that, as of May 2020, the outbreak had been far deadlier there but the economic impact had been reduced as Swedes have continued to go to work, restaurants, and shopping.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT20200515_447-1"><a href="#cite_note-NYT20200515-447">[446]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BloombergOpen_450-0"><a href="#cite_note-BloombergOpen-450">[449]</a></sup> On 19 May, it was reported that the country had in the week of 12–19 May the highest per capita deaths in Europe, 6.25 deaths per million per day.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-yahoo162855274_451-0"><a href="#cite_note-yahoo162855274-451">[450]</a></sup> In the end of June, Sweden no longer had <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Excess_mortality" title="Excess mortality">excess mortality</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HEUrz_452-0"><a href="#cite_note-HEUrz-452">[451]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom</a></div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_England" title="COVID-19 pandemic in England">COVID-19 pandemic in England</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland">COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland">COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wales">COVID-19 pandemic in Wales</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Wee_Annie,_Kempock_Street,_face_mask.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2877" data-file-width="2292" decoding="async" height="213" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg/170px-Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg/255px-Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg/340px-Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg 2x" width="170"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Wee_Annie,_Kempock_Street,_face_mask.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The "Wee Annie" statue in <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Gourock,_Scotland" title="Gourock, Scotland">Gourock</a>, Scotland, was given a face mask during the pandemic.</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">Devolution in the United Kingdom</a> meant that each of the four <a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">countries of the UK</a> had its own different response to COVID-19, and the UK government, on behalf of England, moved quicker to lift restrictions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8VnMf_453-0"><a href="#cite_note-8VnMf-453">[452]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">UK government</a> started enforcing social distancing and quarantine measures on 18 March 2020<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PkWGD_454-0"><a href="#cite_note-PkWGD-454">[453]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Pkx25_455-0"><a href="#cite_note-Pkx25-455">[454]</a></sup> and was criticised for a perceived lack of intensity in its response to concerns faced by the public.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-LlWkl_456-0"><a href="#cite_note-LlWkl-456">[455]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nsOiP_457-0"><a href="#cite_note-nsOiP-457">[456]</a></sup> On 16 March, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> advised against non-essential travel and social contact, suggesting people work from home and avoid venues such as pubs, restaurants, and theatres.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5Q93q_458-0"><a href="#cite_note-5Q93q-458">[457]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hYdUy_459-0"><a href="#cite_note-hYdUy-459">[458]</a></sup> On 20 March, the government ordered all leisure establishments to close as soon as possible,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dmBNt_460-0"><a href="#cite_note-dmBNt-460">[459]</a></sup> and promised to prevent unemployment.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mV2p3_461-0"><a href="#cite_note-mV2p3-461">[460]</a></sup> On 23 March, Johnson banned gatherings of multiple people and restricting non-essential travel and outdoor activity. Unlike previous measures, these restrictions were enforceable by police through fines and dispersal of gatherings. Most non-essential businesses were ordered to close.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc-pm-2403_462-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-pm-2403-462">[461]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 24 April, it was reported that a promising vaccine trial had begun in England; the government pledged more than £50 million towards research.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vKeXC_463-0"><a href="#cite_note-vKeXC-463">[462]</a></sup> A number of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">temporary critical care hospitals</a> were built.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200330nursingtimes_464-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200330nursingtimes-464">[463]</a></sup> The first operating was the 4,000-bed <a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital London">NHS Nightingale Hospital London</a>, constructed in just over nine days.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200403theguardian_465-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200403theguardian-465">[464]</a></sup> On 4<span class="nowrap"> </span>May, it was announced that it would be placed on standby and remaining patients transferred to other facilities;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc52531845_466-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52531845-466">[465]</a></sup> 51 patients had been treated in the first three weeks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc52448982_467-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52448982-467">[466]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 16 April, it was reported that the UK would have first access to the Oxford vaccine, due to a prior contract; should the trial be successful, some 30 million doses in the UK would be available.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Lbt4o_468-0"><a href="#cite_note-Lbt4o-468">[467]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 2 December, the UK became the first Western country to approve the Pfizer vaccine against the COVID-19 virus; 800,000 doses would be immediately available for use.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-469"><a href="#cite_note-469">[468]</a></sup> It was reported on 5 December, that the United Kingdom <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_programme_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 vaccination programme in the United Kingdom">would begin vaccination</a> against the virus on 8 December, less than a week after having been approved.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-470"><a href="#cite_note-470">[469]</a></sup> On 9 December, MHRA stated that any individual with a significant allergic reaction to a vaccine, such as an anaphylactoid reaction, should not take the Pfizer vaccine for COVID-19 protection.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-471"><a href="#cite_note-471">[470]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-472"><a href="#cite_note-472">[471]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="North_America">North America</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">COVID-19 pandemic in North America</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<p>The first cases in North America were reported in the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">United States</a> on 23 January 2020. Cases were reported in all North American countries after <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> confirmed a case on 25 March, and in all North American territories after <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bonaire" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bonaire">Bonaire</a> confirmed a case on 16 April.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America_FirstBonaire_local_473-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America_FirstBonaire_local-473">[472]</a></sup>
</p>
As of 24 May 2021, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">Canada</a> has reported 1,361,564 cases and 25,265 deaths,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-474"><a href="#cite_note-474">[473]</a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">Mexico</a> has reported 2,396,604 cases and 221,647 deaths.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-475"><a href="#cite_note-475">[474]</a></sup> The most cases by state is California with 3,778,711 cases and 62,945 deaths as of 24 May 2021.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-476"><a href="#cite_note-476">[475]</a></sup></div></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="United_States">United States</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic in the United States</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="4903" data-file-width="6905" decoding="async" height="156" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg/220px-USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg/330px-USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg/440px-USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The hospital ship <a href="/wiki/USNS_Comfort_(T-AH-20)" title="USNS Comfort (T-AH-20)">USNS <i>Comfort</i></a> arrives in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> on 30 March 2020.</div></div></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<p>45,400,466<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Template:COVID-19_data_477-0"><a href="#cite_note-Template:COVID-19_data-477">[476]</a></sup> confirmed cases have been reported in the United States with 735,373<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Template:COVID-19_data_477-1"><a href="#cite_note-Template:COVID-19_data-477">[476]</a></sup> deaths, the most of any country, and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">the twentieth-highest</a> per capita worldwide.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_JH_Mortality_478-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_JH_Mortality-478">[477]</a></sup> As many infections have gone undetected, the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC) estimated that, as of May 2021, there could be a total 120.2<span class="nowrap"> </span>million infections in the United States, or more than a third of the total population.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_CNN.Third_479-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_CNN.Third-479">[478]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_CDC-Estimated_480-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_CDC-Estimated-480">[479]</a></sup> COVID-19 is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_disasters_in_the_United_States_by_death_toll" title="List of disasters in the United States by death toll">deadliest pandemic in U.S. history</a>;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-481"><a href="#cite_note-481">[480]</a></sup> it was the third-leading cause of death in the U.S. in 2020, behind heart disease and cancer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-482"><a href="#cite_note-482">[481]</a></sup> From 2019 to 2020, U.S. life expectancy dropped by 3<span class="nowrap"> </span>years for Hispanic Americans, 2.9<span class="nowrap"> </span>years for African Americans, and 1.2<span class="nowrap"> </span>years for white Americans.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Bosman_483-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Bosman-483">[482]</a></sup> These effects have persisted as U.S. deaths due to COVID-19 in 2021 exceeded those in 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-484"><a href="#cite_note-484">[483]</a></sup>
</p><p>The first American case was reported on January 20, and President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> declared the U.S. outbreak a <a href="/wiki/Public_health_emergency_(United_States)" title="Public health emergency (United States)">public health emergency</a> on January 31. Restrictions were placed on flights arriving from China,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-485"><a href="#cite_note-485">[484]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_RobertsonApril15_486-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_RobertsonApril15-486">[485]</a></sup> but the initial U.S. response to the pandemic was otherwise slow, in terms of preparing the healthcare system, stopping other travel, and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 testing in the United States">testing</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-487"><a href="#cite_note-487">[486]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_:10_488-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_:10-488">[487]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-489"><a href="#cite_note-489">[488]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-491"><a href="#cite_note-491">[b]</a></sup>
</p><p>The first known American deaths occurred in February. On March 6, 2020, Trump allocated $8.3 billion to fight the outbreak and declared a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">national emergency</a> on March 13. The government also purchased large quantities of medical equipment, invoking the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Production_Act_of_1950" title="Defense Production Act of 1950">Defense Production Act of 1950</a> to assist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_WatsonMarch27_492-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_WatsonMarch27-492">[490]</a></sup> By mid-April, disaster declarations were made by all states and territories as they all had increasing cases. A second wave of infections began in June, following relaxed restrictions in several states, leading to daily cases surpassing 60,000. By mid-October, a third surge of cases began; there were over 200,000 new daily cases during parts of December 2020 and January 2021.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-493"><a href="#cite_note-493">[491]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-494"><a href="#cite_note-494">[492]</a></sup>
</p>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccines</a> became available in December 2020, under emergency use, beginning the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United States">national vaccination program</a>, with the first vaccine officially approved by the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration (FDA)</a> on August 23, 2021.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-495"><a href="#cite_note-495">[493]</a></sup> Studies have shown them to be highly protective against severe illness, hospitalization, and death. In comparison with fully vaccinated people, the CDC found that those who were not vaccinated were from 5 to nearly 30 times more likely to become either infected or hospitalized. There has nonetheless been some <a href="/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy" title="Vaccine hesitancy">vaccine hesitancy</a> for various reasons, although side effects are rare.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-496"><a href="#cite_note-496">[494]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-497"><a href="#cite_note-497">[495]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-498"><a href="#cite_note-498">[496]</a></sup> There have also been numerous reports that unvaccinated COVID-19 patients have <a href="/wiki/2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19" title="2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19">strained the capacity of hospitals throughout the country</a>, forcing many to turn away patients with life-threatening diseases.</div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="South_America">South America</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">COVID-19 pandemic in South America</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<p>The pandemic was confirmed to have reached South America on 26 February 2020 when Brazil confirmed a case in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-499"><a href="#cite_note-499">[497]</a></sup> By 3 April, all countries and territories in South America had recorded at least one case.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Stuff/Fairfax_500-0"><a href="#cite_note-Stuff/Fairfax-500">[498]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 13 May 2020, it was reported that Latin America and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> had reported over 400,000 cases of COVID-19 infection with, 23,091 deaths. On 22 May 2020, citing the rapid increase of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">infections in Brazil</a>, the WHO declared South America the epicentre of the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-501"><a href="#cite_note-501">[499]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-502"><a href="#cite_note-502">[500]</a></sup>
</p>
As of 16 July 2021, South America had recorded 34,359,631 confirmed cases and 1,047,229 deaths from COVID-19. Due to a shortage of testing and medical facilities, it is believed that the outbreak is far larger than the official numbers show.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-503"><a href="#cite_note-503">[501]</a></sup></div></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Brazil">Brazil</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:(2020.04.17)_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_(49784811813).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3037" data-file-width="4555" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg/220px-%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg/330px-%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg/440px-%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:(2020.04.17)_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_(49784811813).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Disinfection of public area in <a href="/wiki/Itapevi" title="Itapevi">Itapevi</a>, Brazil.</div></div></div>
<p>On 20 May, it was reported that Brazil had a record 1,179 deaths in a single day, for a total of almost 18,000 fatalities. With a total number of almost 272,000 cases, Brazil became the country with the third-highest number of cases, following Russia and the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200520reuters_504-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200520reuters-504">[502]</a></sup> On 25 May, Brazil exceeded the number of reported cases in Russia when they reported that 11,687 new cases had been confirmed over the previous 24 hours, bringing the total number to over 374,800, with more than 23,400 deaths. President <a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a> has created controversy by referring to the virus as a "little flu" and frequently speaking out against preventive measures such as lockdowns and quarantines. His attitude towards the outbreak has been likened to that of former US President Trump, with Bolsonaro being called the "Trump of the Tropics".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9hz3E_505-0"><a href="#cite_note-9hz3E-505">[503]</a></sup> Bolsonaro later tested positive for the virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-D2hqe_506-0"><a href="#cite_note-D2hqe-506">[504]</a></sup>
</p><p>In June 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Brazil" title="Federal government of Brazil">government of Brazil</a> attempted to conceal the actual figures of the COVID-19 active cases and deaths, as it stopped publishing the total number of infections and deaths. On 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>June, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Brazil)" title="Ministry of Health (Brazil)">Brazil's health ministry</a> took down the official website reflecting the total numbers of infections and deaths. The website was live on 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>June, with only the number of infections of the previous 24 hours. The last official numbers reported about 615,000 infections and over 34,000 deaths.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-c803k_507-0"><a href="#cite_note-c803k-507">[505]</a></sup> On 15 June, it was reported that the worldwide cases had jumped from seven to eight million in one week, citing Latin America, specifically Brazil as one of the countries where cases are surging, in this case, towards 1 million cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-H8V6v_508-0"><a href="#cite_note-H8V6v-508">[506]</a></sup> Brazil briefly paused Phase III trials for the Coronavac COVID-19 vaccine on 10 November after the suicide of a volunteer before resuming on 11 November.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:4_509-0"><a href="#cite_note-:4-509">[507]</a></sup>
</p><p>By early 2021, the death toll had climbed to 231,534. The total number of cases on 7 February exceeded 9.5 million. The only countries with worse outbreaks were India and the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-510"><a href="#cite_note-510">[508]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Africa">Africa</span></h3>
<div class="excerpt"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">COVID-19 pandemic in Africa</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_(49829156488).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="4912" data-file-width="7360" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg/220px-Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg/330px-Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg/440px-Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_(49829156488).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">US Air Force</a> personnel unload a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">C-17</a> aircraft carrying approximately 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) of medical supplies in <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Niamey,_Niger" title="Niamey, Niger">Niamey, Niger</a>.</div></div></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<p>The pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Africa on 14 February 2020, with the first confirmed case announced in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt">Egypt</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_bbc_51509248_511-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_bbc_51509248-511">[509]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-512"><a href="#cite_note-512">[510]</a></sup> The first confirmed case in <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan Africa</a> was announced in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nigeria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria">Nigeria</a> at the end of February 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_bbc_51671834_513-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_bbc_51671834-513">[511]</a></sup> Within three months, the virus had spread throughout the continent, as Lesotho, the last African sovereign state to have remained free of the virus, reported a case on 13 May 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_reuters_idUSKBN22P1R4_514-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_reuters_idUSKBN22P1R4-514">[512]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_latimes.com_515-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_latimes.com-515">[513]</a></sup> By 26 May, it appeared that most African countries were experiencing community transmission, although testing capacity was limited.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20200526_africa_516-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20200526_africa-516">[514]</a></sup> Most of the identified imported cases arrived from Europe and the United States rather than from China where the virus originated.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_Africa_Braces_517-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_Africa_Braces-517">[515]</a></sup>
</p><p>In early June 2021, Africa faced a third wave of COVID infections with cases rising in 14 countries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20210607_third_518-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20210607_third-518">[516]</a></sup> By 4 July the continent recorded more than 251,000 new Covid cases, a 20% increase from the prior week and a 12% increase from the January peak. More than sixteen African countries, including Malawi and Senegal, recorded an uptick in new cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_Mendez_519-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_Mendez-519">[517]</a></sup> The World Health Organization labelled it Africa's 'Worst Pandemic Week Ever'.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-520"><a href="#cite_note-520">[518]</a></sup>
</p>
It is believed that there is widespread <a href="/wiki/Under-reporting" title="Under-reporting">under-reporting</a> in many African countries with less developed <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Healthcare_system" title="Healthcare system">healthcare systems</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20200502_somali_521-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20200502_somali-521">[519]</a></sup> According to the autumn 2020 <a href="/wiki/Seroprevalence" title="Seroprevalence">seroprevalence</a> study in <a href="/wiki/Juba" title="Juba">Juba</a> in South Sudan, less than 1% of infected were actually reported.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-522"><a href="#cite_note-522">[520]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Oceania">Oceania</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<p>The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Oceania on 25 January 2020 with the first confirmed case reported in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Australia">Australia</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_AustraliaCase1_523-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_AustraliaCase1-523">[521]</a></sup> It has since spread elsewhere in the region,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_WHO_Dashboard_524-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_WHO_Dashboard-524">[522]</a></sup> although many small Pacific <a href="/wiki/Island_country" title="Island country">island nations</a> have thus far avoided the outbreak by closing their international borders. Three Oceania sovereign states (Nauru, Tonga, and Tuvalu) and one dependency (<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>) have yet to report a case. <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a> were praised for their handling of the pandemic in comparison to other Western nations, with New Zealand and each state in Australia wiping out all community transmission of the virus several times even after re-introduction in the community.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_reuters-oz-10days_525-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_reuters-oz-10days-525">[523]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_bloomberg-oz-tassie-price_526-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_bloomberg-oz-tassie-price-526">[524]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-527"><a href="#cite_note-527">[525]</a></sup>
</p>
However, by August 2021, the Australian states of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> had conceded defeat in their eradication efforts.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In early October 2021, New Zealand also abandoned its elimination strategy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_The_Guardian_NZ_abandons_elimination_528-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_The_Guardian_NZ_abandons_elimination-528">[526]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_NZH_NZ_abandons_elimination_529-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_NZH_NZ_abandons_elimination-529">[527]</a></sup></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Antarctica">Antarctica</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
Due to its remoteness and sparse population, <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> was the last <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a> to have confirmed cases of COVID-19 and was one of the last regions of the world affected directly by the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica_:0_530-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica_:0-530">[528]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-531"><a href="#cite_note-531">[529]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-532"><a href="#cite_note-532">[530]</a></sup> The first cases were reported in December 2020, almost a year after the first cases of COVID-19 were detected in China. At least 36 people are confirmed to have been infected.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica_:2_533-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica_:2-533">[531]</a></sup></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="International_responses">International responses</span></h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg"><img alt="Workers unloading boxes of medical supplies at Villamor Air Base" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="900" data-file-width="1350" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg/220px-China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg/330px-China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg/440px-China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Donated medical supplies received in the Philippines</div></div></div>
<p>The COVID-19 pandemic shook the world's economy, with especially severe economic damage in the United States, Europe, and Latin America.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-534"><a href="#cite_note-534">[532]</a></sup> A consensus report by American intelligence agencies in April 2021 concluded, "Efforts to contain and manage the virus have reinforced nationalist trends globally, as some states turned inward to protect their citizens and sometimes cast blame on marginalized groups." Furthermore, COVID-19 has inflamed partisanship and polarisation around the world as bitter arguments explode over whom to scapegoat and whom to help first. The risks include further disruption of international trade and the formation of no-entry enclaves.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-535"><a href="#cite_note-535">[533]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Travel_restrictions">Travel restrictions</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<p>As a result of the pandemic, many countries and regions imposed quarantines, entry bans, or other restrictions, either for citizens, recent travellers to affected areas,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200326nytimes_536-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200326nytimes-536">[534]</a></sup> or for all travellers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kh5YZ_537-0"><a href="#cite_note-Kh5YZ-537">[535]</a></sup> Together with a decreased willingness to travel, this had a <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">negative economic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">social impact</a> on the travel sector. Concerns have been raised over the effectiveness of travel restrictions to contain the spread of COVID-19.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200224nationalgeographic_538-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200224nationalgeographic-538">[536]</a></sup> A study in <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i> found that travel restrictions had only modestly affected the initial spread of COVID-19, unless combined with <a href="/wiki/Infection_prevention_and_control" title="Infection prevention and control">infection prevention and control</a> measures to considerably reduce transmissions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DJYtB_539-0"><a href="#cite_note-DJYtB-539">[537]</a></sup> Researchers concluded that "travel restrictions are most useful in the early and late phase of an epidemic" and "restrictions of travel from Wuhan unfortunately came too late".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-283GD_540-0"><a href="#cite_note-283GD-540">[538]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> rejected the idea of suspending the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">Schengen free travel zone</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dw52497811_541-0"><a href="#cite_note-dw52497811-541">[539]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200313euractiv_542-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200313euractiv-542">[540]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Evacuation_of_foreign_citizens">Evacuation of foreign citizens</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="804" data-file-width="1280" decoding="async" height="138" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg/220px-Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg/330px-Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg/440px-Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Ukraine evacuates Ukrainian and foreign citizens from <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, China</div></div></div>
<p>Owing to the effective lockdown of Wuhan and Hubei, several countries evacuated their citizens and diplomatic staff from the area, primarily through <a href="/wiki/Air_charter" title="Air charter">chartered flights</a> of the home nation, with Chinese authorities providing clearance. Canada, the United States, Japan, India,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FLdHv_543-0"><a href="#cite_note-FLdHv-543">[541]</a></sup> Sri Lanka, Australia, France, Argentina, Germany, and Thailand were among the first to plan the evacuation of their citizens.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-169_544-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-169-544">[542]</a></sup> Brazil and New Zealand also evacuated their own nationals and some other people.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-171_545-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-171-545">[543]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6l9jG_546-0"><a href="#cite_note-6l9jG-546">[544]</a></sup> On 14 March 2020, South Africa repatriated 112 South Africans who tested negative for the virus from Wuhan, while four who showed symptoms were left behind to mitigate risk.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-auto3_547-0"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-547">[545]</a></sup> Pakistan said it would not evacuate citizens from China.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200131dialoguepakistan_548-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200131dialoguepakistan-548">[546]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 15 February 2020, the US announced it would evacuate Americans aboard the cruise ship <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Diamond_Princess_outbreak" title="Diamond Princess outbreak">Diamond Princess</a></i>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-174_549-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-174-549">[547]</a></sup> and on 21 February, Canada evacuated 129 Canadian passengers from the ship.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-175_550-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-175-550">[548]</a></sup> In early March, the Indian government began evacuating its citizens from Iran.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-czjOG_551-0"><a href="#cite_note-czjOG-551">[549]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-indiatimes74647353_552-0"><a href="#cite_note-indiatimes74647353-552">[550]</a></sup> On 20 March, the United States began to partially withdraw its troops from Iraq due to the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-USWithdraw_553-0"><a href="#cite_note-USWithdraw-553">[551]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="United_Nations_response_measures">United Nations response measures</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic">United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<p>In June 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General of the United Nations</a> launched the "UN Comprehensive Response to COVID-19".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Krm4a_554-0"><a href="#cite_note-Krm4a-554">[552]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</a> (UNSC) has been criticised for a slow coordinated response, especially regarding the UN's <a href="/wiki/Global_ceasefire" title="Global ceasefire">global ceasefire</a>, which aims to open up humanitarian access to the world's most vulnerable in conflict zones.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:22_555-0"><a href="#cite_note-:22-555">[553]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="WHO_response_measures">WHO response measures</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic">World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="639" data-file-width="1050" decoding="async" height="134" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg/220px-13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg/330px-13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg/440px-13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> representatives holding joint meeting with <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> city administrators in March 2020</div></div></div>
<p>The WHO is a leading organisation involved in the global coordination for mitigating the pandemic.
</p><p>The WHO has spearheaded several initiatives like the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Solidarity_Response_Fund" title="COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund">COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund</a> to raise money for the pandemic response, the <a href="/wiki/UN_COVID-19_Supply_Chain_Task_Force" title="UN COVID-19 Supply Chain Task Force">UN COVID-19 Supply Chain Task Force</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_trial" title="Solidarity trial">solidarity trial</a> for investigating potential treatment options for the disease. The WHO's <a href="/wiki/COVAX" title="COVAX">COVAX</a> vaccine-sharing program aims to distribute 2 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccine for free or at a reduced cost by the end of 2021, and has begun distributing them.
</p>
The WHO's handling of the initial outbreak of the pandemic has required a "diplomatic balancing act" between member states, in particular between the United States and China. On August 27, the WHO announced the setting up of an independent expert Review Committee to examine aspects of the international treaty that governs preparedness and response to health emergencies. A WHO-led international mission arrived in China in January 2021 to <a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">investigate the origins of the COVID-19 pandemic</a> and released preliminary findings in February 2021.</div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Protests_against_governmental_measures">Protests against governmental measures</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<p>In several countries, protests have risen against governmental restrictive responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as lockdowns. A February 2021 study found that large protest rallies against COVID-19 measures are likely to directly increase the spread of viruses, including COVID-19.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-556"><a href="#cite_note-556">[554]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Impact">Impact</span></h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Economics">Economics</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">on science and technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">on financial markets</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">2020 stock market crash</a>, and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">COVID-19 recession</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:292px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="378" data-file-width="504" decoding="async" height="218" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg/290px-Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg/435px-Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg/580px-Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg.png 2x" width="290"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Stock_index" title="Stock index">stock index</a> chart shows the <a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">2020 stock market crash</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>The outbreak is a major destabilising threat to the global economy. One estimate from an expert at <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a> gave a $300+<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion impact on the world's supply chain that could last up to two years.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-268_557-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-268-557">[555]</a></sup> Global stock markets fell on 24 February due to a significant rise in the number of COVID-19 cases outside China.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-270_558-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-270-558">[556]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-271_559-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-271-559">[557]</a></sup> On 27 February, due to mounting worries about the COVID-19 outbreak, US stock indexes posted their sharpest falls since 2008, with the <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow</a> falling 1,191 points (the largest one-day drop since the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308" title="Financial crisis of 2007–08">financial crisis of 2007–08</a>)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-S6DVx_560-0"><a href="#cite_note-S6DVx-560">[558]</a></sup> and all three major indexes ending the week down more than 10 per cent.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-U7teI_561-0"><a href="#cite_note-U7teI-561">[559]</a></sup> On 28 February, Scope Ratings GmbH affirmed China's sovereign credit rating but maintained a Negative Outlook.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NRWqJ_562-0"><a href="#cite_note-NRWqJ-562">[560]</a></sup> Stocks plunged again due to COVID-19 fears, the largest fall being on 16 March.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-m0beI_563-0"><a href="#cite_note-m0beI-563">[561]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_of_London" title="Lloyd's of London">Lloyd's of London</a> estimated that the global insurance industry will absorb losses of US$204 billion, exceeding the losses from the <a href="/wiki/2017_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2017 Atlantic hurricane season">2017 Atlantic hurricane season</a> and <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">11 September attacks</a>, suggesting the COVID-19 pandemic will likely go down in history as the costliest disaster ever in human history.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jJAfD_564-0"><a href="#cite_note-jJAfD-564">[562]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto,_March_2020_(cropped).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1654" data-file-width="2493" decoding="async" height="146" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto,_March_2020_(cropped).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A highway sign in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> discouraging non-essential travel in March 2020</div></div></div>
<p>Tourism is one of the worst affected sectors due to travel bans, closing of public places including travel attractions, and advice of governments against travel. Numerous airlines have cancelled flights due to lower demand, and British regional airline <a href="/wiki/Flybe" title="Flybe">Flybe</a> collapsed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-z2VrM_565-0"><a href="#cite_note-z2VrM-565">[563]</a></sup> The cruise line industry was hard hit,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-smh20200227_566-0"><a href="#cite_note-smh20200227-566">[564]</a></sup> and several train stations and ferry ports have also been closed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wnn7L_567-0"><a href="#cite_note-wnn7L-567">[565]</a></sup> International mail between some countries stopped or was delayed due to reduced transportation between them or suspension of domestic service.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wsj1158868721_568-0"><a href="#cite_note-wsj1158868721-568">[566]</a></sup>
</p><p>The retail sector has been impacted globally, with reductions in store hours or temporary closures.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4QUSL_569-0"><a href="#cite_note-4QUSL-569">[567]</a></sup> Visits to retailers in Europe and Latin America declined by 40 per cent. North America and Middle East retailers saw a 50–60 per cent drop.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200402aislelabs_570-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200402aislelabs-570">[568]</a></sup> This also resulted in a 33–43 per cent drop in foot traffic to shopping centres in March compared to February. Shopping mall operators around the world imposed additional measures, such as increased sanitation, installation of thermal scanners to check the temperature of shoppers, and cancellation of events.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-J6Y6Z_571-0"><a href="#cite_note-J6Y6Z-571">[569]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_(49935630543).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3640" data-file-width="5165" decoding="async" height="155" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg/220px-Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg/330px-Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg/440px-Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_(49935630543).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A socially distanced homeless encampment in San Francisco, California, in May 2020</div></div></div>
<p>Hundreds of millions of jobs could be lost globally.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aljazeera2004271718_572-0"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2004271718-572">[570]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200506csmonitor_573-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200506csmonitor-573">[571]</a></sup> More than 40 million Americans <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Unemployment in the United States">lost their jobs</a> and filed <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Unemployment_insurance" title="Unemployment insurance">unemployment insurance</a> claims.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200528WaPo_574-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200528WaPo-574">[572]</a></sup> The economic impact and mass unemployment caused by the pandemic has raised fears of a mass <a href="/wiki/Eviction_in_the_United_States" title="Eviction in the United States">eviction crisis</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CvJoN_575-0"><a href="#cite_note-CvJoN-575">[573]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DqnOV_576-0"><a href="#cite_note-DqnOV-576">[574]</a></sup> with an analysis by the <a href="/wiki/Aspen_Institute" title="Aspen Institute">Aspen Institute</a> indicating between 30 and 40 million Americans are at risk for eviction by the end of 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BPAdu_577-0"><a href="#cite_note-BPAdu-577">[575]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DuTwi_578-0"><a href="#cite_note-DuTwi-578">[576]</a></sup> According to a report by <a href="/wiki/Yelp" title="Yelp">Yelp</a>, about 60% of US businesses that have closed since the start of the pandemic will stay shut permanently.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vLHxV_579-0"><a href="#cite_note-vLHxV-579">[577]</a></sup>
</p><p>According to a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean">United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America</a> estimate, the pandemic-induced recession could leave 14–22 million more people in <a href="/wiki/Extreme_poverty" title="Extreme poverty">extreme poverty</a> in Latin America than would have been in that situation without the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200403elpais_580-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200403elpais-580">[578]</a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, up to 100 million more people globally could fall into extreme poverty due to the shutdowns.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Extreme_poverty_1_581-0"><a href="#cite_note-Extreme_poverty_1-581">[579]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Extreme_poverty_3_582-0"><a href="#cite_note-Extreme_poverty_3-582">[580]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a> (ILO) informed that the income generated in the first nine months of 2020 from work across the world dropped by 10.7 per cent, or $3.5 trillion, amidst the COVID-19 outbreak.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rd8bm_583-0"><a href="#cite_note-rd8bm-583">[581]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Supply_shortages">Supply shortages</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Ntuc_super_store,_Singapore_(49505410793).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3024" data-file-width="4032" decoding="async" height="165" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg/220px-Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg/330px-Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg/440px-Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Ntuc_super_store,_Singapore_(49505410793).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>COVID-19 fears have led to panic buying of essentials across the world, including <a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper" title="Toilet paper">toilet paper</a>, dried and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Instant_noodles" title="Instant noodles">instant noodles</a>, bread, rice, vegetables, disinfectant, and <a href="/wiki/Rubbing_alcohol" title="Rubbing alcohol">rubbing alcohol</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>The outbreak has been blamed for several instances of <a href="/wiki/Shortage" title="Shortage">supply shortages</a>, stemming from globally increased usage of equipment to fight outbreaks, panic buying (which in several places led to shelves being cleared of grocery essentials such as food, toilet paper, and bottled water), and disruption to factory and logistic operations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-XvcU9_584-0"><a href="#cite_note-XvcU9-584">[582]</a></sup> The spread of panic buying has been found to stem from perceived threat, perceived scarcity, fear of the unknown, coping behaviour and social psychological factors (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Social_influence" title="Social influence">social influence</a> and trust).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cSvA4_585-0"><a href="#cite_note-cSvA4-585">[583]</a></sup> The technology industry, in particular, has warned of delays to shipments of electronic goods.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-263_586-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-263-586">[584]</a></sup> According to the WHO director-general <a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom" title="Tedros Adhanom">Tedros Adhanom</a>, demand for personal protection equipment has risen a hundredfold, leading to prices up to twenty times the normal price and also delays in the supply of medical items of four to six months.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-275_587-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-275-587">[585]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-276_588-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-276-588">[586]</a></sup> It has also caused a shortage of personal protective equipment worldwide, with the WHO warning that this will endanger health workers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mycfo_589-0"><a href="#cite_note-Mycfo-589">[587]</a></sup>
</p><p>The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak was worldwide. The virus created a shortage of <a href="/wiki/Precursor_(chemistry)" title="Precursor (chemistry)">precursors</a> (raw material) used in the manufacturing of <a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">fentanyl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">methamphetamine</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DSstandaard_590-0"><a href="#cite_note-DSstandaard-590">[588]</a></sup> Price increases and shortages in these illegal drugs have been noticed on the streets of the UK.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Guardian_591-0"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-591">[589]</a></sup>
</p><p>The pandemic has disrupted global <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food supplies</a> and threatens to trigger a new <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Food_crisis" title="Food crisis">food crisis</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200414foreignpolicy_592-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200414foreignpolicy-592">[590]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aljazeera2004211359_593-0"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2004211359-593">[591]</a></sup> In April 2020, David Beasley, head of the <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> (WFP), said "we could be facing multiple <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famines</a> of biblical proportions within a short few months."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc52373888_594-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52373888-594">[592]</a></sup> Senior officials at the United Nations estimated in April 2020 that an additional 130 million people could <a href="/wiki/Starvation" title="Starvation">starve</a>, for a total of 265 million by the end of 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc52373888_594-1"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52373888-594">[592]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200421un_595-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200421un-595">[593]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200422nytimes_596-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200422nytimes-596">[594]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Oil_and_other_energy_markets">Oil and other energy markets</span></h4>
<p>In early February 2020, <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries</a> (OPEC) "scrambled" after a steep decline in <a href="/wiki/Price_of_oil" title="Price of oil">oil prices</a> due to lower demand from China.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-269_597-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-269-597">[595]</a></sup> On Monday, 20 April, the price of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) went negative and fell to a record low (minus $37.63 a barrel) due to traders' offloading holdings so as not to take delivery and incur storage costs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC,_US_oil_prices,_21_April_2020_598-0"><a href="#cite_note-BBC,_US_oil_prices,_21_April_2020-598">[596]</a></sup> June prices were down but in the positive range, with a barrel of West Texas trading above $20.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC,_US_oil_prices,_21_April_2020_598-1"><a href="#cite_note-BBC,_US_oil_prices,_21_April_2020-598">[596]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Culture">Culture</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_events_affected_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic">List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg"><img alt="A man wearing purple vestments and standing at an altar uses a mobile phone camera to record himself. Empty pews are visible in the background." class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1500" data-file-width="2100" decoding="async" height="157" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg/220px-Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg/330px-Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg/440px-Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An American Catholic military chaplain prepares for a live-streamed <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> in an empty chapel at <a href="/wiki/Offutt_Air_Force_Base" title="Offutt Air Force Base">Offutt Air Force Base</a> in March 2020</div></div></div>
<p>The performing arts and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage_sector" title="Cultural heritage sector">cultural heritage sectors</a> have been profoundly affected by the pandemic, impacting organisations' operations as well as individuals—both employed and independent—globally. By March 2020, across the world and to varying degrees, museums, libraries, performance venues, and other cultural institutions had been indefinitely closed with their exhibitions, events and performances cancelled or postponed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-v5Qlx_599-0"><a href="#cite_note-v5Qlx-599">[597]</a></sup> Some services continued through digital platforms,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ZljIY_600-0"><a href="#cite_note-ZljIY-600">[598]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Burke2020_601-0"><a href="#cite_note-Burke2020-601">[599]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SxIEK_602-0"><a href="#cite_note-SxIEK-602">[600]</a></sup> such as live streaming concerts<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SZ5Mc_603-0"><a href="#cite_note-SZ5Mc-603">[601]</a></sup> or web-based arts festivals.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mYlLn_604-0"><a href="#cite_note-mYlLn-604">[602]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Politics">Politics</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics</a></div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg"><img alt="Meeting of the Italian government task force to face the coronavirus outbreak, 23 February 2020" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1133" data-file-width="1700" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg/220px-2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg/330px-2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg/440px-2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An <a href="/wiki/Conte_II_Cabinet" title="Conte II Cabinet">Italian government</a> task force meets to discuss COVID-19 in February 2020</div></div></div>
<p>The pandemic has affected the political systems of multiple countries, causing suspensions of legislative activities,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200313nationalpost_605-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200313nationalpost-605">[603]</a></sup> isolations or deaths of multiple politicians,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200318foreignpolicy_606-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200318foreignpolicy-606">[604]</a></sup> and rescheduling of elections due to fears of spreading the virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200427nytimes_607-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200427nytimes-607">[605]</a></sup>
</p><p>Although they have broad support among epidemiologists, social distancing measures have been politically controversial in many countries. Intellectual opposition to social distancing has come primarily from writers of other fields, although there are a few heterodox epidemiologists.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-74OHE_608-0"><a href="#cite_note-74OHE-608">[606]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 23 March 2020, United Nations Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres</a> issued an appeal for a global ceasefire in response to the pandemic;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tFb4N_609-0"><a href="#cite_note-tFb4N-609">[607]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-lzoeV_610-0"><a href="#cite_note-lzoeV-610">[608]</a></sup> 172 UN Member States and Observers signed a non-binding statement in support of the appeal in June,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AGhvz_611-0"><a href="#cite_note-AGhvz-611">[609]</a></sup> and the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a> passed a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2532" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2532">resolution</a> supporting it in July.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9rN79_612-0"><a href="#cite_note-9rN79-612">[610]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nJTuX_613-0"><a href="#cite_note-nJTuX-613">[611]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="China_2">China</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations#COVID-19" title="China–United States relations">China–United States relations § COVID-19</a></div>
<p>The government of China has been criticised by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">United States</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200311foreignpolicy_614-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200311foreignpolicy-614">[612]</a></sup> the UK Minister for the Cabinet Office <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Michael Gove</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-xmEit_615-0"><a href="#cite_note-xmEit-615">[613]</a></sup> and others<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200319bloomberg_616-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200319bloomberg-616">[614]</a></sup> for its handling of the pandemic. A number of provincial-level administrators of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" title="Communist Party of China">Communist Party of China</a> were dismissed over their handling of the quarantine measures in China, a sign of discontent with their response to the outbreak. Some commentators believed this move was intended to protect CCP <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party">general secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> from the controversy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vLpPa_617-0"><a href="#cite_note-vLpPa-617">[615]</a></sup> The <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/US_intelligence_community" title="US intelligence community">US intelligence community</a> claims China intentionally under-reported its number of COVID-19 cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200402nytimes_618-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200402nytimes-618">[616]</a></sup> The Chinese government maintains it has acted swiftly and transparently.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hMc3w_619-0"><a href="#cite_note-hMc3w-619">[617]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NF0y6_620-0"><a href="#cite_note-NF0y6-620">[618]</a></sup> However, journalists and activists who have reported on the pandemic have been detained by authorities,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-621"><a href="#cite_note-621">[619]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-622"><a href="#cite_note-622">[620]</a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zhan" title="Zhang Zhan">Zhang Zhan</a>, who was arrested and tortured for reporting on the pandemic and the detainment of other independent journalists.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-623"><a href="#cite_note-623">[621]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-624"><a href="#cite_note-624">[622]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-625"><a href="#cite_note-625">[623]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Italy_2">Italy</span></h4>
<p>In early March, the Italian government criticised the EU's lack of solidarity with COVID-19-affected Italy<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Y27Kh_626-0"><a href="#cite_note-Y27Kh-626">[624]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-91jge_627-0"><a href="#cite_note-91jge-627">[625]</a></sup>—Maurizio Massari, Italy's ambassador to the EU, said "only China responded bilaterally", not the EU.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-politico-corona_628-0"><a href="#cite_note-politico-corona-628">[626]</a></sup> On 22 March, after a phone call with Italian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Giuseppe Conte</a>, Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> had the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian army</a> send military medics, disinfection vehicles, and other medical equipment to Italy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-reuters219081_629-0"><a href="#cite_note-reuters219081-629">[627]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Lombardy" title="President of Lombardy">President of Lombardy</a> <a href="/wiki/Attilio_Fontana" title="Attilio Fontana">Attilio Fontana</a> and Italian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Di_Maio" title="Luigi Di Maio">Luigi Di Maio</a> expressed their gratitude for the aid.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200328insideover_630-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200328insideover-630">[628]</a></sup> Russia also sent a cargo plane with medical aid to the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200401themoscowtimes_631-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200401themoscowtimes-631">[629]</a></sup> Kremlin spokesman <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Peskov" title="Dmitry Peskov">Dmitry Peskov</a> said "when offering assistance to US colleagues, [Putin] assumes that when US manufacturers of medical equipment and materials gain momentum, they will also be able to reciprocate if necessary."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aljazeera2004010659_632-0"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2004010659-632">[630]</a></sup>
In early April, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and EU states like <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> started to offer help by sending medical personnel and disinfectant,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-eumedicalteams_633-0"><a href="#cite_note-eumedicalteams-633">[631]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> offered an official apology to the country.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-euapology_634-0"><a href="#cite_note-euapology-634">[632]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="United_States_2">United States</span></h4>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_(49799974031).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1450" data-file-width="1997" decoding="async" height="160" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg/220px-Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg/330px-Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg/440px-Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_(49799974031).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Several hundred anti-lockdown protesters rallied at the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Statehouse" title="Ohio Statehouse">Ohio Statehouse</a> on 20 April 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Columbus_Dispatch_635-0"><a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Dispatch-635">[633]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>The outbreak prompted calls for the United States to adopt social policies common in other wealthy countries, including <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Universal_child_care" title="Universal child care">universal child care</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Paid_sick_leave" title="Paid sick leave">paid sick leave</a>, and higher levels of funding for public health.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT_Calls_636-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Calls-636">[634]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hill5_637-0"><a href="#cite_note-Hill5-637">[635]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ddn2P_638-0"><a href="#cite_note-Ddn2P-638">[636]</a></sup> Political analysts believe it may have contributed to Donald Trump's loss in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TrumpChances_639-0"><a href="#cite_note-TrumpChances-639">[637]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AtlanticChances_640-0"><a href="#cite_note-AtlanticChances-640">[638]</a></sup> Beginning in mid-April 2020, there were <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_United_States_anti-lockdown_protests" title="2020–2021 United States anti-lockdown protests">protests</a> in several US states against government-imposed business closures and restricted personal movement and association.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5YqAF_641-0"><a href="#cite_note-5YqAF-641">[639]</a></sup> Simultaneously, protests ensued by <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Essential_worker" title="Essential worker">essential workers</a> in the form of a <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/2020_United_States_essential_workers_general_strike" title="2020 United States essential workers general strike">general strike</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-c114M_642-0"><a href="#cite_note-c114M-642">[640]</a></sup> In early October 2020, Donald Trump, his family members, and many other government officials <a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak" title="White House COVID-19 outbreak">were diagnosed with COVID-19</a>, further disrupting the country's politics.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EVG4L_643-0"><a href="#cite_note-EVG4L-643">[641]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_countries">Other countries</span></h4>
<p>The planned <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> "<a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_exercises" title="List of NATO exercises">Defender 2020</a>" military exercise in Germany, Poland, and the Baltic states, the largest NATO war exercise since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, was held on a reduced scale.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200320spectator_644-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200320spectator-644">[642]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200319reuters_645-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200319reuters-645">[643]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament" title="Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament">Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament</a>'s general secretary <a href="/wiki/Kate_Hudson_(activist)" title="Kate Hudson (activist)">Kate Hudson</a> criticised the exercise, saying "it jeopardises the lives not only of the troops from the US and the many European countries participating but the inhabitants of the countries in which they are operating."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200318morningstaronline_646-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200318morningstaronline-646">[644]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Iranian government has been heavily affected by the virus, with about two dozen parliament members and political figures infected.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-D2Xpc_348-1"><a href="#cite_note-D2Xpc-348">[347]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nmEQ5_647-0"><a href="#cite_note-nmEQ5-647">[645]</a></sup> Iran's President Hassan Rouhani wrote a public letter to world leaders asking for help on 14 March 2020, saying they were struggling to fight the outbreak due to a lack of access to international markets from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_sanctions_against_Iran" title="United States sanctions against Iran">United States sanctions against Iran</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-u2rRX_648-0"><a href="#cite_note-u2rRX-648">[646]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, which launched a <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">military intervention in Yemen</a> in March 2015, declared a ceasefire.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200409foreignpolicy_649-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200409foreignpolicy-649">[647]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Japan–South Korea relations">Diplomatic relations between Japan and South Korea</a> worsened due to the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-z8lBE_650-0"><a href="#cite_note-z8lBE-650">[648]</a></sup> South Korea criticised Japan's "ambiguous and passive quarantine efforts" after Japan announced anyone coming from South Korea would be placed in quarantine for two weeks at government-designated sites.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HnqN4_651-0"><a href="#cite_note-HnqN4-651">[649]</a></sup> South Korean society was initially polarised on President Moon Jae-in's response to the crisis; many Koreans signed petitions either calling for Moon's <a href="/wiki/Impeachment" title="Impeachment">impeachment</a> or praising his response.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-imx38_373-1"><a href="#cite_note-imx38-373">[372]</a></sup>
</p><p>Some countries have passed emergency legislation in response to the pandemic. Some commentators have expressed concern that it could allow governments to strengthen their grip on power.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200331theguardian_652-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200331theguardian-652">[650]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200330nytimes_653-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200330nytimes-653">[651]</a></sup> In the Philippines, lawmakers granted president <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> temporary emergency powers during the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-abcnews-censorship_654-0"><a href="#cite_note-abcnews-censorship-654">[652]</a></sup> In Hungary, the parliament voted to allow the prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a>, to rule by decree indefinitely, suspend parliament as well as elections, and punish those deemed to have spread false information about the virus and the government's handling of the crisis.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200330cnn_655-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200330cnn-655">[653]</a></sup> In some countries, including <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dw53009293_656-0"><a href="#cite_note-dw53009293-656">[654]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200401foreignpolicy_657-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200401foreignpolicy-657">[655]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-abcnews-censorship_654-1"><a href="#cite_note-abcnews-censorship-654">[652]</a></sup> opposition activists and government critics have been <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Efforts_to_combat_misinformation" title="Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic">arrested</a> for allegedly spreading <a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">fake news</a> about the COVID-19 pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200410straitstimes_658-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200410straitstimes-658">[656]</a></sup>
</p><p>In India, journalists criticising the government's response were arrested or issued warnings by police and authorities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-659"><a href="#cite_note-659">[657]</a></sup> Rates of imprisoned or detained journalists increased worldwide, with some being related to the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-660"><a href="#cite_note-660">[658]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-661"><a href="#cite_note-661">[659]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Agriculture_and_food_systems">Agriculture and food systems</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<p>The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted agricultural and food systems worldwide.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:9_662-0"><a href="#cite_note-:9-662">[660]</a></sup> COVID-19 hit at a time when hunger or undernourishment was once again on the rise in the world, with an estimated 690 million people already going hungry in 2019.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:10_663-0"><a href="#cite_note-:10-663">[661]</a></sup> Based on the latest UN estimates, the economic recession triggered by the pandemic may lead to another 83 million people, and possibly as many as 132 million, going hungry in 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:10_663-1"><a href="#cite_note-:10-663">[661]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-M3hAF_664-0"><a href="#cite_note-M3hAF-664">[662]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6HCSA_665-0"><a href="#cite_note-6HCSA-665">[663]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-XRNlH_666-0"><a href="#cite_note-XRNlH-666">[664]</a></sup> This is mainly due to a lack of access to food – linked to falling incomes, lost remittances and, in some cases, a rise in food prices. In countries that already suffer from high levels of acute food insecurity, it is no longer an issue of access to food alone, but increasingly also one of food production.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:9_662-1"><a href="#cite_note-:9-662">[660]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:10_663-2"><a href="#cite_note-:10-663">[661]</a></sup>
</p><p>The pandemic, alongside lockdowns and travel restrictions, has prevented movement of aid and greatly impacted food production. As a result, several famines are forecast, which the UN called a crisis "of biblical proportions,"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fiona_Harvey_Environment_667-0"><a href="#cite_note-Fiona_Harvey_Environment-667">[665]</a></sup> or "hunger pandemic."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aX3dG_668-0"><a href="#cite_note-aX3dG-668">[666]</a></sup> It is estimated that without intervention 30 million people may die of hunger, with <a href="/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a> reporting that "12,000 people per day could die from COVID-19 linked hunger" by the end of 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:Oxfam_12000_669-0"><a href="#cite_note-:Oxfam_12000-669">[667]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fiona_Harvey_Environment_667-1"><a href="#cite_note-Fiona_Harvey_Environment-667">[665]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-M756t_670-0"><a href="#cite_note-M756t-670">[668]</a></sup>
This pandemic, in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932021_locust_infestation" title="2019–2021 locust infestation">2019–2021 locust infestations</a> and several <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="Ongoing armed conflicts">ongoing armed conflicts</a>, is predicted to form the worst series of famines since the <a href="/wiki/Great_Chinese_Famine" title="Great Chinese Famine">Great Chinese Famine</a>, affecting between 10 and 20 per cent of the global population in some way.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-drZJx_671-0"><a href="#cite_note-drZJx-671">[669]</a></sup>
55 countries are reported to be at risk, with three dozen succumbing to crisis-level famines or above in the worst-case scenario.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-UN_Food_Report_672-0"><a href="#cite_note-UN_Food_Report-672">[670]</a></sup> 265 million people are forecast to be in famine conditions, an increase of 125 million due to the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:Oxfam_12000_669-1"><a href="#cite_note-:Oxfam_12000-669">[667]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Education">Education</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education</a></div>
<div class="excerpt">The pandemic has severely impacted educational systems globally. Most governments have temporarily closed educational institutions, with many switching to <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Online_education" title="Online education">online education</a>. As of September 2020, approximately 1.077 billion <a href="/wiki/Learning" title="Learning">learners</a> were affected due to school closures in response to the pandemic. According to UNICEF monitoring, as of March 2020, 53 countries had closed all schools and 27 some, impacting about 61.6 per cent of the world's student population.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ynkmU_673-0"><a href="#cite_note-ynkmU-673">[671]</a></sup> School closures impact not only students, teachers, and families but have far-reaching economic and societal consequences. They shed light on social and economic issues, including <a href="/wiki/Student_debt" title="Student debt">student debt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_learning" title="Digital learning">digital learning</a>, food insecurity, and <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homelessness</a>, as well as access to <a href="/wiki/Child_care" title="Child care">childcare</a>, health care, housing, internet, and <a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_movement" title="Disability rights movement">disability services</a>. The impact has been more severe for disadvantaged children and their families.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-674"><a href="#cite_note-674">[672]</a></sup>
<div class="excerpt"><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="609" data-file-width="1000" decoding="async" height="134" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg/220px-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg/330px-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg/440px-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Students take end-of-year exams in <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>, Iran, during the pandemic</div></div></div>
<p>The Higher Education Policy Institute conducted a report which discovered that around 63% of students claimed that their mental health had been worsened as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and alongside this 38% demonstrated satisfaction with the accessibility of mental health services. Despite this, the director for policy and advocacy at the institute has explained that it is still unclear as to how and when normality will resume for students regarding their education and living situation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-675"><a href="#cite_note-675">[673]</a></sup>
</p>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_health_issues">Other health issues</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<p>The pandemic has had many impacts on global health beyond those caused by the COVID-19 disease itself. It has led to a reduction in hospital visits for other reasons. There have been 38 per cent fewer hospital visits for <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Heart_attack" title="Heart attack">heart attack</a> symptoms in the United States and 40 per cent fewer in Spain.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-676"><a href="#cite_note-676">[674]</a></sup> The head of cardiology at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona">University of Arizona</a> said, "My worry is some of these people are dying at home because they're too scared to go to the hospital."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Stat_News,_with_serious_heart_symptoms_away,_April_23_677-0"><a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Stat_News,_with_serious_heart_symptoms_away,_April_23-677">[675]</a></sup> There is also concern that people with <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">strokes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Appendicitis" title="Appendicitis">appendicitis</a> are not seeking timely treatment.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Stat_News,_with_serious_heart_symptoms_away,_April_23_677-1"><a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Stat_News,_with_serious_heart_symptoms_away,_April_23-677">[675]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages</a> of medical supplies have impacted people with various conditions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Atlantic_Shortages_678-0"><a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Atlantic_Shortages-678">[676]</a></sup>
</p><p>In several countries there has been a marked reduction of spread of <a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">sexually transmitted infections</a>, including <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>, attributable to COVID-19 quarantines, social distancing measures, and recommendations to not engage in casual sex.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-679"><a href="#cite_note-679">[677]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-680"><a href="#cite_note-680">[678]</a></sup> Similarly, in some places, rates of transmission of <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a> and other respiratory viruses significantly decreased during the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-681"><a href="#cite_note-681">[679]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-682"><a href="#cite_note-682">[680]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-683"><a href="#cite_note-683">[681]</a></sup>
</p><p>The pandemic has also <a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">negatively impacted mental health</a> globally, including increased <a href="/wiki/Loneliness" title="Loneliness">loneliness</a> resulting from social distancing<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Brooks26Feb2020_684-0"><a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Brooks26Feb2020-684">[682]</a></sup> and depression and domestic violence from lockdowns.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_98XVx_685-0"><a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_98XVx-685">[683]</a></sup> As of June 2020, 40% of U.S. adults were experiencing adverse mental health symptoms, with 11% having seriously considered trying to kill themselves in the past month.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-686"><a href="#cite_note-686">[684]</a></sup>
</p>
Paying attention and taking measures to prevent mental health problems and post-traumatic stress syndrome, particularly in women, is already a need.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-687"><a href="#cite_note-687">[685]</a></sup></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Environment_and_climate">Environment and climate</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment</a></div>
<div class="excerpt"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none"> COVID-19 pandemic on environmental issues and Earth's climate</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="595" data-file-width="720" decoding="async" height="273" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png/330px-Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png/495px-Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png/660px-Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png 2x" width="330"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Images from the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Earth_Observatory" title="NASA Earth Observatory">NASA Earth Observatory</a> show a stark drop in pollution in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, when comparing <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide" title="Nitrogen dioxide">NO<sub>2</sub></a> levels in early 2019 (top) and early 2020 (bottom).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-688"><a href="#cite_note-688">[686]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>The worldwide disruption caused by the pandemic resulted in numerous positive effects to the <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">environment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climate</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Heidari_1–1_689-0"><a href="#cite_note-Heidari_1–1-689">[687]</a></sup> The global reduction in modern human activity such as the considerable <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Transportation" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">decline in planned travel</a> was coined <a href="/wiki/Anthropause" title="Anthropause">anthropause</a> and has caused a large drop in <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">water pollution</a> in many regions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Heidari_1–1_689-1"><a href="#cite_note-Heidari_1–1-689">[687]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-690"><a href="#cite_note-690">[688]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-691"><a href="#cite_note-691">[689]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbcOverview1_692-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbcOverview1-692">[690]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-693"><a href="#cite_note-693">[691]</a></sup> In China, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_Hubei" title="COVID-19 lockdown in Hubei">lockdowns</a> and other measures resulted in a 25<span class="nowrap"> </span>percent reduction in <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">carbon emissions</a> and<span class="nowrap"> </span>50 percent reduction in nitrogen oxides emissions, which one <a href="/wiki/Earth_system_science" title="Earth system science">Earth systems</a> scientist estimated may have saved at least 77,000 lives over two months.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mdpi_694-0"><a href="#cite_note-mdpi-694">[692]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DIm4R_695-0"><a href="#cite_note-DIm4R-695">[693]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-GFEED_696-0"><a href="#cite_note-GFEED-696">[694]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mcmahon_697-0"><a href="#cite_note-mcmahon-697">[695]</a></sup>
</p><p>Other positive effects on the environment include <a href="/wiki/Governance" title="Governance">governance</a>-system-controlled investments towards a <a href="/wiki/Energy_transition" title="Energy transition">sustainable energy transition</a> and other goals related to environmental protection such as the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>'s seven-year €1 trillion budget proposal and €750 billion recovery plan "<a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_EU" title="Next Generation EU">Next Generation EU</a>" which seeks to reserve 25 percent of EU spending for climate-friendly expenditure.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-698"><a href="#cite_note-698">[696]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-699"><a href="#cite_note-699">[697]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-700"><a href="#cite_note-700">[698]</a></sup>
</p><p>However, some human activity during the pandemic also provided cover for illegal activities such as <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_of_the_Amazon_rainforest" title="Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest">deforestation of the Amazon rainforest</a> and increased <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a> in Africa. The hindering of <a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy" title="Environmental policy">environmental diplomacy</a> efforts in combination of <a href="/wiki/Late_capitalism" title="Late capitalism">late capitalism</a> also created <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">economic fallout</a> that some predict will slow investment in <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Green_energy" title="Green energy">green energy</a> technologies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Poaching1_701-0"><a href="#cite_note-Poaching1-701">[699]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Poaching2_702-0"><a href="#cite_note-Poaching2-702">[700]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-UN_703-0"><a href="#cite_note-UN-703">[701]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Amazon1_704-0"><a href="#cite_note-Amazon1-704">[702]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Amazon2_705-0"><a href="#cite_note-Amazon2-705">[703]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9mMFi_706-0"><a href="#cite_note-9mMFi-706">[704]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This claim has too many footnotes for reading to be smooth. (October 2021)">excessive citations</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Discrimination_and_prejudice">Discrimination and prejudice</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<p>Heightened prejudice, xenophobia, and racism have been documented around the world <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Sinophobe" title="Sinophobe">toward people of Chinese and East Asian descent</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-251_707-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-251-707">[705]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-zogcf_708-0"><a href="#cite_note-zogcf-708">[706]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8BY2Y_709-0"><a href="#cite_note-8BY2Y-709">[707]</a></sup> Reports from February 2020 (when most confirmed cases were confined to China) documented racist sentiments expressed in groups worldwide about Chinese people 'deserving' the virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bangkokpost1854094_710-0"><a href="#cite_note-bangkokpost1854094-710">[708]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-psychologytoday202002_711-0"><a href="#cite_note-psychologytoday202002-711">[709]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200201telegraph_712-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200201telegraph-712">[710]</a></sup> Chinese people and other Asian peoples in the United Kingdom and United States have reported increasing levels of racist abuse and assaults.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT_Racism_713-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Racism-713">[711]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-05O7n_714-0"><a href="#cite_note-05O7n-714">[712]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT_April_Racism_715-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_April_Racism-715">[713]</a></sup> Former US President Donald Trump was criticised for referring to the COVID-19 as the "Chinese Virus" and "Kung Flu", which has been condemned as racist and xenophobic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-trumpnyt_716-0"><a href="#cite_note-trumpnyt-716">[714]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200320BI_717-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200320BI-717">[715]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MNCw4_718-0"><a href="#cite_note-MNCw4-718">[716]</a></sup>
</p><p>Age-based discrimination against older adults, while already present before the pandemic, was more prevalent during the pandemic. This has been attributed to their perceived vulnerability to the virus and subsequent physical and social isolation measures, which, coupled with their already reduced social activity, has increased dependency on others. Similarly, limited digital literacy has left the elderly more vulnerable to the effects of isolation, depression, and loneliness.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-719"><a href="#cite_note-719">[717]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lifestyle_changes">Lifestyle changes</span></h3>
<p>The pandemic has resulted in many people adapting to massive changes in life, from increased internet commerce activity to the job market. Social distancing has caused increased sales from large e-commerce companies such as <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coupang" title="Coupang">Coupang</a>. Online retailers in the US posted 791.70 billion dollars in sales in 2020, an increase of 32.4% from 598.02 billion dollars from the year before.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DDCV1ECMR_720-0"><a href="#cite_note-DDCV1ECMR-720">[718]</a></sup> The trend of home delivery orders have increased due to the pandemic, with indoor dining restaurants shutting down due to lockdown orders or low sales.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty783_721-0"><a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty783-721">[719]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty784_722-0"><a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty784-722">[720]</a></sup> Hackers and cybercriminals/scammers have started targeting people due to the massive changes, with some pretending to be part of the CDC, and others using different phishing schemes.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty787_723-0"><a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty787-723">[721]</a></sup> Education worldwide has increasingly shifted from physical attendance to video conferencing apps such as Zoom as lockdown measures have resulted in schools being forced to shut down.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty790_724-0"><a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty790-724">[722]</a></sup> Due to the pandemic, mass layoffs have occurred in the airline, travel, hospitality, and some other industries. (There were no signs of permanent recovery as of May 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty6966_725-0"><a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty6966-725">[723]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty9999_726-0"><a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty9999-726">[724]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Information_dissemination">Information dissemination</span></h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism</a></div>
<p>Ongoing COVID-19 research is indexed and searchable in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/NIH" title="NIH">NIH</a> COVID-19 Portfolio.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Zygy7_727-0"><a href="#cite_note-Zygy7-727">[725]</a></sup> Some newspaper agencies removed their online <a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="Paywall">paywalls</a> for some or all of their COVID-19-related articles and posts,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Paywalls_728-0"><a href="#cite_note-Paywalls-728">[726]</a></sup> while scientific publishers made scientific papers related to the outbreak available with <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-255_729-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-255-729">[727]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Aristovnik_et_al._2020_730-0"><a href="#cite_note-Aristovnik_et_al._2020-730">[728]</a></sup> Some scientists chose to share their results quickly on <a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">preprint</a> servers such as <a href="/wiki/BioRxiv" title="BioRxiv">bioRxiv</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-256_731-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-256-731">[729]</a></sup>
</p><p>Maps have played a key role in disseminating information concerning the spatial distribution of the disease, especially with the development of dashboards to present data in near real-time. Methods of data visualisation have drawn some criticism, however, in the over-simplification of geographical patterns indicated by choropleth maps that adopt national, rather than local, map scales.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-732"><a href="#cite_note-732">[730]</a></sup>
</p><p><span class="anchor" id="Disinformation"></span>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Misinformation">Misinformation</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<p><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a> refers to any kind of subject about the COVID-19 pandemic that has resulted in <a href="/wiki/Misinformation" title="Misinformation">misinformation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theories</a> about the scale of the pandemic and the <a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">origin</a>, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">the disease</a>. False information, including intentional <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a>, has been <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media#Misinformation" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">spread through social media</a>, text messaging,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_misinformation_FTTextMsg_733-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_misinformation_FTTextMsg-733">[731]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">mass media</a>. False information has been propagated by celebrities, politicians, and other prominent public figures. Multiple countries have passed laws against "fake news", and thousands of people have been arrested for spreading COVID-19 misinformation. The spread of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments" title="COVID-19 misinformation by governments">COVID-19 misinformation by governments</a> has also been significant.
</p><p>Commercial <a href="/wiki/Confidence_trick" title="Confidence trick">scams</a> have claimed to offer <a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">at-home tests, supposed preventives, and "miracle" cures</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-734"><a href="#cite_note-734">[732]</a></sup> Several religious groups have claimed their faith will protect them from the virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-735"><a href="#cite_note-735">[733]</a></sup> Without evidence, some people have claimed the virus is a <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Bioweapon" title="Bioweapon">bioweapon</a> accidentally or deliberately leaked from a laboratory, a <a href="/wiki/Human_population_planning" title="Human population planning">population control</a> scheme, the result of a <a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">spy operation</a>, or the side effect of <a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> upgrades to cellular networks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-736"><a href="#cite_note-736">[734]</a></sup>
</p>
The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) declared an "infodemic" of incorrect information about the virus that poses risks to global health.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_misinformation_Lowy_737-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_misinformation_Lowy-737">[735]</a></sup> While belief in conspiracy theories is not a new phenomenon, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this can lead to adverse health effects. Cognitive biases, such as jumping to conclusions and confirmation bias, may be linked to the occurrence of conspiracy beliefs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-738"><a href="#cite_note-738">[736]</a></sup> In addition to health effects, harms resulting from the spread of misinformation and endorsement of conspiracy theories include increasing distrust of news organizations and medical authorities as well as divisiveness and political fragmentation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-739"><a href="#cite_note-739">[737]</a></sup></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_infectious_disease" title="Emerging infectious disease">Emerging infectious disease</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_disease" title="Globalization and disease">Globalization and disease</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_epidemics" title="List of epidemics">List of epidemics</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span></h2>
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some refer to 'fatality rate'; however 'fatality ratio' is more accurate as this is not per unit time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHOest_90-1"><a href="#cite_note-WHOest-90">[90]</a></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-491"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-491">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A lack of mass testing obscured the extent of the outbreak.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_WhoriskeyMarch16_490-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_WhoriskeyMarch16-490">[489]</a></sup></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFZoumpourlisGoulielmakiRizosBaliou2020">Zoumpourlis V, Goulielmaki M, Rizos E, Baliou S, Spandidos DA (October 2020). <a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453598" rel="nofollow">"[Comment] The COVID‑19 pandemic as a scientific and social challenge in the 21st century"</a>. <i>Molecular Medicine Reports</i>. <b>22</b> (4): 3035–3048. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3892%2Fmmr.2020.11393" rel="nofollow">10.3892/mmr.2020.11393</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453598" rel="nofollow">7453598</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32945405" rel="nofollow">32945405</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Medicine+Reports&rft.atitle=%5BComment%5D+The+COVID%E2%80%9119+pandemic+as+a+scientific+and+social+challenge+in+the+21st+century&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=3035-3048&rft.date=2020-10&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7453598%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32945405&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3892%2Fmmr.2020.11393&rft.aulast=Zoumpourlis&rft.aufirst=V&rft.au=Goulielmaki%2C+M&rft.au=Rizos%2C+E&rft.au=Baliou%2C+S&rft.au=Spandidos%2C+DA&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7453598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
</li>
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<li id="cite_note-383"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-383">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREF@MeGovernment2020">@MeGovernment (17 March 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/MeGovernment/status/1239992049350447104" rel="nofollow">"Two COVID-19 cases confirmed in Montenegro"</a> (Tweet)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two+COVID-19+cases+confirmed+in+Montenegro&rft.date=2020-03-17&rft.au=%40MeGovernment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FMeGovernment%2Fstatus%2F1239992049350447104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-384"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-384">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHenley2020">Henley, Jon (18 March 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/18/coronavirus-lockdown-eu-belgium-germany-adopt-measures" rel="nofollow">"More than 250m in lockdown in EU as Belgium and Germany adopt measures"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077" rel="nofollow">0261-3077</a>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200401085742/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/18/coronavirus-lockdown-eu-belgium-germany-adopt-measures" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=More+than+250m+in+lockdown+in+EU+as+Belgium+and+Germany+adopt+measures&rft.date=2020-03-18&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Henley&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fmar%2F18%2Fcoronavirus-lockdown-eu-belgium-germany-adopt-measures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-385"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-385">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFInstitute_for_Public_Health_of_Montenegro_[@ijzcg]2020">Institute for Public Health of Montenegro [@ijzcg] (24 May 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/ijzcg/status/1264588977727844354" rel="nofollow">"IT'S OFFICIAL: CURRENTLY THERE ARE NO ACTIVE CASES OF #COVID19 IN MONTENEGRO"</a> (Tweet)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IT%27S+OFFICIAL%3A+CURRENTLY+THERE+ARE+NO+ACTIVE+CASES+OF+%23COVID19+IN+MONTENEGRO.&rft.date=2020-05-24&rft.au=Institute+for+Public+Health+of+Montenegro+%5B%40ijzcg%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fijzcg%2Fstatus%2F1264588977727844354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-386"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-386">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Montenegro_[@MeGovernment]2020">Government of Montenegro [@MeGovernment] (24 May 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/MeGovernment/status/1264598489318776832" rel="nofollow">"Montenegro is Corona-Free"</a> (Tweet)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Montenegro+is+Corona-Free&rft.date=2020-05-24&rft.au=Government+of+Montenegro+%5B%40MeGovernment%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FMeGovernment%2Fstatus%2F1264598489318776832&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-387"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-387">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/ijzcg/status/1272608842413719552" rel="nofollow">"New imported case discovered"</a>. Institute of Public Health of Montenegro IJZCG<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2020</span> – via Twitter.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+imported+case+discovered&rft.pub=Institute+of+Public+Health+of+Montenegro+IJZCG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fijzcg%2Fstatus%2F1272608842413719552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (July 2021)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span>
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<li id="cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe_jhumap-388"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe_jhumap_388-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html" rel="nofollow">"COVID-19 Map"</a>. <i>Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center</i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Johns+Hopkins+Coronavirus+Resource+Center&rft.atitle=COVID-19+Map&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoronavirus.jhu.edu%2Fmap.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-HFR3b-389"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HFR3b_389-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFFarzanHassanNoackBeachum">Farzan AN, Hassan J, Noack R, Beachum L, Hawkins D, Bellware K, O'Grady S, Shaban H. <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/08/21/coronavirus-covid-live-updates-us/?outputType=amp" rel="nofollow">"Live updates: Coronavirus cases rise in young people in Europe as U.S. colleges try to crack down on parties"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Live+updates%3A+Coronavirus+cases+rise+in+young+people+in+Europe+as+U.S.+colleges+try+to+crack+down+on+parties&rft.aulast=Farzan&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.au=Hassan%2C+J&rft.au=Noack%2C+R&rft.au=Beachum%2C+L&rft.au=Hawkins%2C+D&rft.au=Bellware%2C+K&rft.au=O%27Grady%2C+S&rft.au=Shaban%2C+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnation%2F2020%2F08%2F21%2Fcoronavirus-covid-live-updates-us%2F%3FoutputType%3Damp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-390"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-390">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/episode/europe-coronavirus-cases-exceed-15-million-4494711" rel="nofollow">"Europe Coronavirus Cases Exceed 15 Million"</a>. Voice of America<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Europe+Coronavirus+Cases+Exceed+15+Million&rft.pub=Voice+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fepisode%2Feurope-coronavirus-cases-exceed-15-million-4494711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-lepoint2369173-391"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lepoint2369173_391-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.lepoint.fr/sante/coronavirus-la-bombe-atomique-du-rassemblement-evangelique-de-mulhouse-28-03-2020-2369173_40.php" rel="nofollow">"Coronavirus : la " bombe atomique " du rassemblement évangélique de Mulhouse"</a>. <i>Le Point</i>. 28 March 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+%3A+la+%22+bombe+atomique+%22+du+rassemblement+%C3%A9vang%C3%A9lique+de+Mulhouse&rft.date=2020-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fsante%2Fcoronavirus-la-bombe-atomique-du-rassemblement-evangelique-de-mulhouse-28-03-2020-2369173_40.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-francetvinfo3889133-392"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-francetvinfo3889133_392-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/maladie/coronavirus/video-coronavirus-le-nombre-de-contaminations-lors-du-rassemblement-evangelique-de-mulhouse-a-ete-largement-sous-evalue_3889133.html" rel="nofollow">"Enquette Franceinfo. "La majorité des personnes étaient contaminées" : de la Corse à l'outre-mer, comment le rassemblement évangélique de Mulhouse a diffusé le coronavirus dans toute la France"</a>. <i>Franceinfo</i>. 28 March 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Franceinfo&rft.atitle=Enquette+Franceinfo.+%22La+majorit%C3%A9+des+personnes+%C3%A9taient+contamin%C3%A9es%22+%3A+de+la+Corse+%C3%A0+l%27outre-mer%2C+comment+le+rassemblement+%C3%A9vang%C3%A9lique+de+Mulhouse+a+diffus%C3%A9+le+coronavirus+dans+toute+la+France&rft.date=2020-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Fsante%2Fmaladie%2Fcoronavirus%2Fvideo-coronavirus-le-nombre-de-contaminations-lors-du-rassemblement-evangelique-de-mulhouse-a-ete-largement-sous-evalue_3889133.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-394"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-394">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources:
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<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/video/96240572-7e35-4fcd-aecb-8f503d529354" rel="nofollow">Macron: coronavirus is Europe's 'moment of truth'</a> 16 April 2020, <i>Financial Times</i>. Retrieved 18 April 2020</li></ul>
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<li id="cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_2020-06-22-elpais-431"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_2020-06-22-elpais_431-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/sociedad/2020-06-21/asi-fue-el-dia-1-de-la-nueva-normalidad.html" rel="nofollow">"Así fue el día 1 de la nueva normalidad"</a>. <i>El País</i> (in Spanish). 22 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=As%C3%AD+fue+el+d%C3%ADa+1+de+la+nueva+normalidad&rft.date=2020-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fsociedad%2F2020-06-21%2Fasi-fue-el-dia-1-de-la-nueva-normalidad.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_bbc25july-432"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_bbc25july_432-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-53539015" rel="nofollow">"Coronavirus: Spain drives fears of European 'second wave<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. BBC. 25 July 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Coronavirus%3A+Spain+drives+fears+of+European+%27second+wave%27&rft.date=2020-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-53539015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-435"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-435">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.euractiv.com/section/coronavirus/news/spain-wont-declare-another-national-state-of-alarm-allows-regions-to-lockdown-if-necessary/" rel="nofollow">"Spain won't declare another national state of alarm, allows regions to lockdown if necessary"</a>. <i>Euroactiv</i>. 26 August 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euroactiv&rft.atitle=Spain+won%27t+declare+another+national+state+of+alarm%2C+allows+regions+to+lockdown+if+necessary&rft.date=2020-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euractiv.com%2Fsection%2Fcoronavirus%2Fnews%2Fspain-wont-declare-another-national-state-of-alarm-allows-regions-to-lockdown-if-necessary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-436"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-436">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFLauKhosrawipourKocbachMikolajczyk2020">Lau H, Khosrawipour V, Kocbach P, Mikolajczyk A, Ichii H, Schubert J, et al. (March 2020). <a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102572" rel="nofollow">"Internationally lost COVID-19 cases"</a>. <i>Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection = Wei Mian Yu Gan Ran Za Zhi</i>. <b>53</b> (3): 454–458. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jmii.2020.03.013" rel="nofollow">10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.013</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102572" rel="nofollow">7102572</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32205091" rel="nofollow">32205091</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiology%2C+Immunology%2C+and+Infection+%3D+Wei+Mian+Yu+Gan+Ran+Za+Zhi&rft.atitle=Internationally+lost+COVID-19+cases&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=454-458&rft.date=2020-03&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7102572%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32205091&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jmii.2020.03.013&rft.aulast=Lau&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Khosrawipour%2C+V&rft.au=Kocbach%2C+P&rft.au=Mikolajczyk%2C+A&rft.au=Ichii%2C+H&rft.au=Schubert%2C+J&rft.au=Bania%2C+J&rft.au=Khosrawipour%2C+T&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7102572&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-vLpPa-617"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vLpPa_617-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFBostock2020">Bostock B (13 February 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/analysis-china-hubei-officials-sacked-xi-jinping-protected-2020-2" rel="nofollow">"China sacked a brace of top officials in Hubei province, likely in a move to protect Xi Jinping from people's anger over the coronavirus outbreak"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=China+sacked+a+brace+of+top+officials+in+Hubei+province%2C+likely+in+a+move+to+protect+Xi+Jinping+from+people%27s+anger+over+the+coronavirus+outbreak&rft.date=2020-02-13&rft.aulast=Bostock&rft.aufirst=B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fanalysis-china-hubei-officials-sacked-xi-jinping-protected-2020-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-621"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-621">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-54277439" rel="nofollow">"Chen Qiushi: Chinese journalist missing since February 'under state supervision<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 24 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Chen+Qiushi%3A+Chinese+journalist+missing+since+February+%27under+state+supervision%27&rft.date=2020-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-china-54277439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-622"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-622">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-52392762" rel="nofollow">"Li Zehua: Journalist who 'disappeared' after Wuhan chase reappears"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 23 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Li+Zehua%3A+Journalist+who+%27disappeared%27+after+Wuhan+chase+reappears&rft.date=2020-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-china-52392762&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-623"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-623">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org.uk/urgent-actions/covid-19-journalist-tortured-exposing-truth" rel="nofollow">"Covid-19 journalist tortured for exposing truth"</a>. <i>amnesty.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=amnesty.org.uk&rft.atitle=Covid-19+journalist+tortured+for+exposing+truth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org.uk%2Furgent-actions%2Fcovid-19-journalist-tortured-exposing-truth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-abcnews-censorship-654"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abcnews-censorship_654-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abcnews-censorship_654-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/coronavirus-crisis-excuses-curbs-free-speech-70177977" rel="nofollow">"Some leaders use pandemic to sharpen tools against critics"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 16 April 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Some+leaders+use+pandemic+to+sharpen+tools+against+critics&rft.date=2020-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Fcoronavirus-crisis-excuses-curbs-free-speech-70177977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20200330cnn-655"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20200330cnn_655-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/30/europe/hungary-viktor-orban-powers-vote-intl/index.html" rel="nofollow">"Hungarian parliament votes to let Viktor Orban rule by decree in wake of coronavirus pandemic"</a>. CNN. 30 March 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hungarian+parliament+votes+to+let+Viktor+Orban+rule+by+decree+in+wake+of+coronavirus+pandemic&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2020-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2020%2F03%2F30%2Feurope%2Fhungary-viktor-orban-powers-vote-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20200401foreignpolicy-657"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20200401foreignpolicy_657-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/01/coronavirus-censorship-pandemic-disinformation-fake-news-speech-freedom/" rel="nofollow">"Coronavirus Has Started a Censorship Pandemic"</a>. <i>The Foreign Policy</i>. 1 April 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+Has+Started+a+Censorship+Pandemic&rft.date=2020-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2020%2F04%2F01%2Fcoronavirus-censorship-pandemic-disinformation-fake-news-speech-freedom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20200410straitstimes-658"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20200410straitstimes_658-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/coronavirus-asia-cracks-down-on-virus-fake-news" rel="nofollow">"Asia cracks down on coronavirus 'fake news<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>. 10 April 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Asia+cracks+down+on+coronavirus+%27fake+news%27&rft.date=2020-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fcoronavirus-asia-cracks-down-on-virus-fake-news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-659"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-659">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-10-04/india-targets-journalists-who-report-on-covid-19" rel="nofollow">"As COVID-19 spreads, India tries to control the narrative by targeting journalists"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 4 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=As+COVID-19+spreads%2C+India+tries+to+control+the+narrative+by+targeting+journalists&rft.date=2020-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld-nation%2Fstory%2F2020-10-04%2Findia-targets-journalists-who-report-on-covid-19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-660"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-660">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-global-rights-journalists-idUKKBN28P0DO" rel="nofollow">"Record number of journalists imprisoned in 2020 – report"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 15 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Record+number+of+journalists+imprisoned+in+2020+%E2%80%93+report&rft.date=2020-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-global-rights-journalists-idUKKBN28P0DO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-738"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-738">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFKuhnLiebFreemanAndreou2021">Kuhn SA, Lieb R, Freeman D, Andreou C, Zander-Schellenberg T (March 2021). <a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8027560" rel="nofollow">"Coronavirus conspiracy beliefs in the German-speaking general population: endorsement rates and links to reasoning biases and paranoia"</a>. <i>Psychological Medicine</i>: 1–15. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0033291721001124" rel="nofollow">10.1017/S0033291721001124</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8027560" rel="nofollow">8027560</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33722315" rel="nofollow">33722315</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychological+Medicine&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+conspiracy+beliefs+in+the+German-speaking+general+population%3A+endorsement+rates+and+links+to+reasoning+biases+and+paranoia&rft.pages=1-15&rft.date=2021-03&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8027560%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33722315&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0033291721001124&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.au=Lieb%2C+R&rft.au=Freeman%2C+D&rft.au=Andreou%2C+C&rft.au=Zander-Schellenberg%2C+T&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8027560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-739"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-739">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation magazine cs1" id="CITEREFRadford2020"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Radford" title="Benjamin Radford">Radford B</a> (November–December 2020). "Conspiracy Theories Grow as COVID-19 Spreads". <i><a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a></i>. Amherst, New York: <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Inquiry" title="Center for Inquiry">Center for Inquiry</a>. p. 5.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Conspiracy+Theories+Grow+as+COVID-19+Spreads&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2020-11%2F2020-12&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011217839">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em">
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<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFTayPohRéniaMacAry2020">Tay MZ, Poh CM, Rénia L, MacAry PA, Ng LF (June 2020). <a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7187672" rel="nofollow">"The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention"</a>. <i>Nature Reviews. Immunology</i>. <b>20</b> (6): 363–374. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41577-020-0311-8" rel="nofollow">10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7187672" rel="nofollow">7187672</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32346093" rel="nofollow">32346093</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews.+Immunology&rft.atitle=The+trinity+of+COVID-19%3A+immunity%2C+inflammation+and+intervention&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=363-374&rft.date=2020-06&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7187672%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32346093&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41577-020-0311-8&rft.aulast=Tay&rft.aufirst=MZ&rft.au=Poh%2C+CM&rft.au=R%C3%A9nia%2C+L&rft.au=MacAry%2C+PA&rft.au=Ng%2C+LF&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7187672&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation report cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/covid-19-infection-prevention-and-control-primary-care" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 infection prevention and control measures for primary care, including general practitioner practices, dental clinics and pharmacy settings: first update</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Disease_Prevention_and_Control" title="European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control">European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control</a> (ECDC)</i> (Report). October 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=COVID-19+infection+prevention+and+control+measures+for+primary+care%2C+including+general+practitioner+practices%2C+dental+clinics+and+pharmacy+settings%3A+first+update&rft.date=2020-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecdc.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fpublications-data%2Fcovid-19-infection-prevention-and-control-primary-care&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation journal cs1">Bar-On YM, Flamholz A, Phillips R, Milo R (April 2020). <a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7224694" rel="nofollow">"SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) by the numbers"</a>. <i>eLife</i>. <b>9</b>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/2003.12886" rel="nofollow">2003.12886</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020arXiv200312886B" rel="nofollow">2020arXiv200312886B</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7554%2FeLife.57309" rel="nofollow">10.7554/eLife.57309</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7224694" rel="nofollow">7224694</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32228860" rel="nofollow">32228860</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=eLife&rft.atitle=SARS-CoV-2+%28COVID-19%29+by+the+numbers&rft.volume=9&rft.date=2020-04&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7224694%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020arXiv200312886B&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2003.12886&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32228860&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7554%2FeLife.57309&rft.aulast=Bar-On&rft.aufirst=YM&rft.au=Flamholz%2C+A&rft.au=Phillips%2C+R&rft.au=Milo%2C+R&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7224694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation journal cs1">Brüssow H (May 2020). <a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7111068" rel="nofollow">"The Novel Coronavirus - A Snapshot of Current Knowledge"</a>. <i>Microbial Biotechnology</i>. <b>13</b> (3): 607–612. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1751-7915.13557" rel="nofollow">10.1111/1751-7915.13557</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7111068" rel="nofollow">7111068</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32144890" rel="nofollow">32144890</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=The+Novel+Coronavirus+-+A+Snapshot+of+Current+Knowledge&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=607-612&rft.date=2020-05&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7111068%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32144890&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1751-7915.13557&rft.aulast=Br%C3%BCssow&rft.aufirst=H&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7111068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></li>
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<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFBirhaneBresslerChangClark2021">Birhane M, Bressler S, Chang G, Clark T, Dorough L, Fischer M, et al. (May 2021). <a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8158893" rel="nofollow">"COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reported to CDC - United States, January 1-April 30, 2021"</a>. <i>MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report</i>. <b>70</b> (21): 792–793. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15585%2Fmmwr.mm7021e3" rel="nofollow">10.15585/mmwr.mm7021e3</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8158893" rel="nofollow">8158893</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34043615" rel="nofollow">34043615</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+Mortality+Weekly+Report&rft.atitle=COVID-19+Vaccine+Breakthrough+Infections+Reported+to+CDC+-+United+States%2C+January+1-April+30%2C+2021&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=792-793&rft.date=2021-05&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8158893%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34043615&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15585%2Fmmwr.mm7021e3&rft.aulast=Birhane&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Bressler%2C+S&rft.au=Chang%2C+G&rft.au=Clark%2C+T&rft.au=Dorough%2C+L&rft.au=Fischer%2C+M&rft.au=Watkins%2C+LF&rft.au=Goldstein%2C+JM&rft.au=Kugeler%2C+K&rft.au=Langley%2C+G&rft.au=Lecy%2C+K&rft.au=Martin%2C+K&rft.au=Medalla%2C+F&rft.au=Mitruka%2C+K&rft.au=Nolen%2C+L&rft.au=Sadigh%2C+K&rft.au=Spratling%2C+R&rft.au=Thompson%2C+G&rft.au=Trujillo%2C+A&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8158893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFBieksieneZaveckieneMalakauskasVaguliene2021">Bieksiene K, Zaveckiene J, Malakauskas K, Vaguliene N, Zemaitis M, Miliauskas S (March 2021). <a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8003092" rel="nofollow">"Post COVID-19 Organizing Pneumonia: The Right Time to Interfere"</a>. <i>Medicina</i>. <b>57</b> (3): 283. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmedicina57030283" rel="nofollow">10.3390/medicina57030283</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8003092" rel="nofollow">8003092</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33803690" rel="nofollow">33803690</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medicina&rft.atitle=Post+COVID-19+Organizing+Pneumonia%3A+The+Right+Time+to+Interfere&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=283&rft.date=2021-03&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8003092%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33803690&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fmedicina57030283&rft.aulast=Bieksiene&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Zaveckiene%2C+J&rft.au=Malakauskas%2C+K&rft.au=Vaguliene%2C+N&rft.au=Zemaitis%2C+M&rft.au=Miliauskas%2C+S&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8003092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFChenAllotLu2021">Chen, Qingyu; Allot, Alexis; Lu, Zhiyong (8 January 2021). <a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7778958" rel="nofollow">"LitCovid: an open database of COVID-19 literature"</a>. <i>Nucleic Acids Research</i>. <b>49</b> (D1): D1534–D1540. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkaa952" rel="nofollow">10.1093/nar/gkaa952</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1362-4962" rel="nofollow">1362-4962</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7778958" rel="nofollow">7778958</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33166392" rel="nofollow">33166392</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=LitCovid%3A+an+open+database+of+COVID-19+literature&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=D1&rft.pages=D1534-D1540&rft.date=2021-01-08&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7778958%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1362-4962&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33166392&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkaa952&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Qingyu&rft.au=Allot%2C+Alexis&rft.au=Lu%2C+Zhiyong&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7778958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></li></ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<table class="metadata mbox-small" role="presentation" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" class="noviewer" data-file-height="104" data-file-width="107" decoding="async" height="39" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/40px-Scholia_logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/60px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/80px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 2x" width="40"/></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a class="extiw" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Scholia" title="d:Wikidata:Scholia">Scholia</a> has a profile for <a class="extiw" href="https://iw.toolforge.org/scholia/Q81068910" title="toolforge:scholia/Q81068910"><b>COVID-19 pandemic <small>(Q81068910)</small></b></a>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Health_agencies">Health agencies</span></h3>
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019" rel="nofollow">COVID-19</a> (<a class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses" rel="nofollow">Questions & Answers</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbpi6ZahtOH5PLTT1yfXxcxDsNM40N1uG" rel="nofollow">instructional videos</a>; <a class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters" rel="nofollow">Facts/MythBusters</a>) by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO)</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/coronavirus-disease-covid-19.html" rel="nofollow">COVID-19</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://en.nhc.gov.cn/antivirusfight.html" rel="nofollow">COVID-19</a> by the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Commission" title="National Health Commission">National Health Commission</a>, China</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/novel-coronavirus-china" rel="nofollow">COVID-19</a> (<a class="external text" href="http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/novel-coronavirus-china/questions-answers" rel="nofollow">Q&A</a>) by the <a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Disease_Prevention_and_Control" title="European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control">European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19" rel="nofollow">COVID-19</a> (<a class="external text" href="http://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19/faqs" rel="nofollow">Q&A</a>) by the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health" title="Ministry of Health">Ministry of Health</a>, Singapore</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html" rel="nofollow">COVID-19</a> (<a class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/index.html" rel="nofollow">Q&A</a>) by the US <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC)</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/emres/2019_ncov.html" rel="nofollow">Coronavirus Disease 2019</a> (<a class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-130/pdfs/2018-130.pdf?id=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2018130" rel="nofollow">Q&A</a>) by the US <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> (NIOSH)</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Directories">Directories</span></h3>
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Respiratory_Disorders/COVID-19/" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 Directory on Curlie</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://openmd.com/directory/covid-19" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 Resource Directory on OpenMD</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Data_and_graphs">Data and graphs</span></h3>
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/" rel="nofollow">Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation reports</a> and <a class="external text" href="https://who.sprinklr.com/" rel="nofollow">map</a> by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO)</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 Resource Center</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html" rel="nofollow">map</a>, and <a class="external text" href="https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19" rel="nofollow">historical data</a> by <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/data" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 data sets</a> published by the <a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Disease_Prevention_and_Control" title="European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control">European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control</a> (ECDC)</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://covid.observer" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 Observer</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> data</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 Statistics and Research</a> published by <a href="/wiki/Our_World_in_Data" title="Our World in Data">Our World in Data</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.statnews.com/feature/coronavirus/covid-19-tracker/" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 Tracker</a> from <a href="/wiki/Stat_(website)" title="Stat (website)">Stat News</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://covid19.healthdata.org/global" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 Projections</a> for many countries published by <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Health_Metrics_and_Evaluation" title="Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://covid19comparisongraphs.webador.co.uk/" rel="nofollow">Spreadsheets: Country comparisons</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://gabgoh.github.io/COVID/index.html" rel="nofollow">Epidemic Calculator</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://unwfp.maps.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/42b8837bb25049b9b1f69a9555d55808" rel="nofollow">World Travel Restrictions</a> based on <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> (WFP) data</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Medical_journals">Medical journals</span></h3>
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://www.nejm.org/coronavirus" rel="nofollow">Coronavirus (COVID-19)</a> by <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine">The New England Journal of Medicine</a></i></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.bmj.com/coronavirus" rel="nofollow">Coronavirus (COVID-19) Hub</a> by <a href="/wiki/BMJ_(company)" title="BMJ (company)">BMJ Publishing Group</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/pages/coronavirus-alert" rel="nofollow">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a> by <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/JAMA_(journal)" title="JAMA (journal)">JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association</a></i></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/" rel="nofollow">COVID-19: Novel Coronavirus Outbreak</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley Publishing</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://collections.plos.org/covid-19" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 pandemic (2019–20) Collection</a> by <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Public_Library_of_Science" title="Public Library of Science">Public Library of Science</a> (PLOS)</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://icite.od.nih.gov/covid19/search/" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 Portfolio</a>, a curated collection of publications and preprints by <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> (NIH)</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/campaigns/coronavirus" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 Research Highlights</a> by <a href="/wiki/Springer_Nature" title="Springer Nature">Springer Nature</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.thelancet.com/coronavirus" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 Resource Centre</a> by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a></i></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center" rel="nofollow">Novel Coronavirus Information Center</a> by <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a></li></ul>
<div aria-labelledby="COVID-19_pandemic" class="navbox" role="navigation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic"><abbr style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;" title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic" title="Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic"><abbr style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;" title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit"><abbr style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;" title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="COVID-19_pandemic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">COVID-19 pandemic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_COVID-19_(disease)_*_SARS-CoV-2_(virus)">
<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a></b> (disease)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">SARS-CoV-2</a></b> (virus)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col"><div id="Timeline" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic">Pre-pandemic</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">Severe acute respiratory syndrome</a> (SARS)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome">Middle East respiratory syndrome</a> (MERS)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crimson_Contagion" title="Crimson Contagion">Crimson Contagion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Disease_X" title="Disease X">Disease X</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security#Event_201" title="Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security">Event 201</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_Cygnus" title="Exercise Cygnus">Exercise Cygnus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">2019</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">January</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">February</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">March</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">April</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">May</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">June</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">July</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">August</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">September</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">October</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">November</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">December</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">January</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">February</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">March</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">April</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">May</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">June</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">July</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">August</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">September</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">October</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col"><div id="Locations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Locations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">Asia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">North America</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">Oceania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South America</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships">Cruise ships</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships">Naval ships</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col"><div id="Impacts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Impacts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Culture and<br/>entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage">Arts and cultural heritage</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture" title="COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture">References in popular culture</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema">Cinema</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">films affected</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">Education</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic">homeschooling</a></li>
<li>by country
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana">Ghana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_UK_GCSE_and_A-Level_grading_controversy" title="2020 UK GCSE and A-Level grading controversy">exam grading controversy</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_events_affected_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic">Events affected</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry">Fashion industry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry">Music industry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts">Performing arts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports">Sports</a>
<ul><li>By country
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philippine_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Philippine sports">Philippines</a></li></ul></li>
<li>By sport
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football">association football</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports">combat sports</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket">cricket</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf">disc golf</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games">Gaelic games</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport">motorsport</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_of_the_2019%E2%80%9320_NBA_season" title="Suspension of the 2019–20 NBA season">NBA</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league">rugby league</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television">Television</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States">U.S.</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">programs affected</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry">Video games</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Society<br/> and rights</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Social</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">social media</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_associated_with_COVID-19" title="Social stigma associated with COVID-19">stigma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_party" title="COVID-19 party">COVID-19 parties</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children">Children</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States">foster care in the U.S.</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gendered_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Gender</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_healthcare_workers" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers">Healthcare workers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">Hospitals</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ICU_capacity" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ICU capacity">ICU capacity</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_issues_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Human rights issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Human rights</a></li>
<li>Legal
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States">abortion in the U.S.</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime">crime</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime in the Republic of Ireland">crime in Ireland</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence">domestic violence</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons">prisons</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention" title="COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention">U.S. immigration detention</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community">LGBT community</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_black_people" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on black people">African-American communities</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities">Native American communities</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities">Long-term care facilities</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_public_transport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport">Public transport</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion">Religion</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj">Hajj</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic">Strikes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Xenophobia and racism</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation">Aviation</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of airlines impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">Airlines</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry">Cannabis industry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Charitable_activities_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Charitable activities related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Charitable activity</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_scams" title="COVID-19 scams">COVID-19 scams</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">COVID-19 recession</a></li>
<li>Economic
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Pandemic_Unemployment_Payment" title="COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment">COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">U.K.</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">U.S.</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Financial markets</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry">Food industry</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada">meat industry in Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States">meat industry in the U.S.</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States">restaurant industry in the U.S.</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">Global stock market crash</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2021_global_supply_chain_crisis" title="2021 global supply chain crisis">Global supply chain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">Hospitals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Mink farming</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war" title="2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war">Oil price war</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail">Retail</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Resignation" title="Great Resignation">Great Resignation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">Tourism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Travel restrictions</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Information</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">Journalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">Media coverage</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">Misinformation</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments" title="COVID-19 misinformation by governments">Governments</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China" title="COVID-19 misinformation by China">China</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 misinformation by the United States">United States</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Plandemic" title="Plandemic">Plandemic</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Wikipedia coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">Wikipedia's response</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">National responses</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_pandemic_legislation" title="List of COVID-19 pandemic legislation">Legislation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_anti-lockdown_protests_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 anti-lockdown protests in Canada">Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_COVID-19_policies_in_Italy" title="Protests over COVID-19 policies in Italy">Italy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_COVID-19_policies_in_Germany" title="Protests over COVID-19 policies in Germany">Germany</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Idar-Oberstein_shooting" title="2021 Idar-Oberstein shooting">Idar-Oberstein shooting</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2021_Dutch_curfew_riots" title="2021 Dutch curfew riots">the Netherlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_anti-lockdown_protests_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 anti-lockdown protests in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_Serbian_protests" title="2020 Serbian protests">Serbia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 protests in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_anti-lockdown_protests_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 anti-lockdown protests in the United States">United States</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_the_States" title="Open the States">Open the States</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations">International relations</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Aid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="International reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan%E2%80%93Romanian_collaboration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Moldovan–Romanian collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic">Moldovan–Romanian collaboration</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan" title="Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan">Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">European Union</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doomscrolling" title="Doomscrolling">Doomscrolling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">Flattening the curve</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">Long-hauler</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology#Telecommunications" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Quarantini</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">Social distancing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Superspreading_event" title="Superspreading event">Superspreader</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_(software)" title="Zoom (software)">Zoom</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_town" title="Zoom town">Zoom towns</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_animals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on animals">Animals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthropause" title="Anthropause">Anthropause</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">Environment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military">Military</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Science and technology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">Food security</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col"><div id="Health_issues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Health issues</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Medical topics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19" title="Transmission of COVID-19">Transmission</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19" title="Symptoms of COVID-19">Symptoms</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_and_cancer" title="COVID-19 and cancer">Cancer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cutaneous_manifestations_of_COVID-19" title="Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19">Skin manifestations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">Long COVID</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">Mental health</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_COVID-19_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes" title="Impact of COVID-19 on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes">neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy" title="COVID-19 in pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">Non-COVID-19–related health issues</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve#Raising_the_line" title="Flattening the curve">Raise the line</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_after_COVID-19" title="Rehabilitation after COVID-19">Rehabilitation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">Unproven medical methods</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Testing and<br/>epidemiology</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">Disease testing</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer" title="Coronavirus breathalyzer">Breathalyzer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Moonshot" title="Operation Moonshot">Operation Moonshot</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Test_to_Release" title="Test to Release">Test to Release</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/UK_Rapid_Test_Consortium" title="UK Rapid Test Consortium">UK Rapid Test Consortium</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/AbC-19_rapid_antibody_test" title="AbC-19 rapid antibody test">AbC-19 rapid antibody test</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_rapid_antigen_test" title="COVID-19 rapid antigen test">Rapid antigen test</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">investigations into the origins</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory" title="COVID-19 lab leak theory">lab leak theory</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_surveillance" title="COVID-19 surveillance">Surveillance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">Death rates by country</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_datasets" title="COVID-19 datasets">Datasets</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_apps" title="COVID-19 apps">Apps</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/CareFIJI" title="CareFIJI">careFIJI</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID_Alert" title="COVID Alert">COVID Alert</a> (Canada)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa#COVID_AlertSA" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">COVID AlertSA</a> (South Africa)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVIDSafe" title="COVIDSafe">COVIDSafe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID_Tracker_Ireland" title="COVID Tracker Ireland">COVID Tracker Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Australia" title="Coronavirus Australia">Coronavirus Australia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aarogya_Setu" title="Aarogya Setu">Aarogya Setu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NZ_COVID_Tracer" title="NZ COVID Tracer">NZ COVID Tracer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TraceTogether" title="TraceTogether">TraceTogether</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/BlueTrace" title="BlueTrace">BlueTrace</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_Privacy-Preserving_Proximity_Tracing" title="Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing">Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_COVID-19" title="NHS COVID-19">NHS COVID-19</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MySejahtera" title="MySejahtera">MySejahtera</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SwissCovid" title="SwissCovid">SwissCovid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TCN_Protocol" title="TCN Protocol">TCN Protocol</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_Notification" title="Exposure Notification">Exposure Notification</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID_Symptom_Study" title="COVID Symptom Study">COVID Symptom Study</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Test,_Trace,_Protect" title="Test, Trace, Protect">Test, Trace, Protect</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Test_and_Trace" title="NHS Test and Trace">NHS Test and Trace</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country" title="Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country">Undercounting COVID-19 deaths</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation" title="Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">Use and development of software</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Prevention</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Social distancing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">Face masks</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mask_refusal" title="Mask refusal">Mask refusal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">Flattening the curve</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19" title="Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19">Workplace hazard controls</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">Lockdowns</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Evacuations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">International aid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Safe_Hands_Challenge" title="Safe Hands Challenge">Safe Hands Challenge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic_fatigue#COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic fatigue">COVID fatigue</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Barrington_Declaration" title="Great Barrington Declaration">Great Barrington Declaration</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chloroquine_and_hydroxychloroquine_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during the COVID-19 pandemic">Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">Vaccines</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development" title="History of COVID-19 vaccine development">Development</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research" title="COVID-19 vaccine clinical research">Clinical research</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations" title="List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations">Authorizations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination" title="Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination">Post-vaccination complications</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">Operation Warp Speed</a> (U.S.)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">Vaccine passports</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card" title="COVID-19 vaccine card">Vaccine card</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy">Misinformation and hesitancy</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Authorized</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/DNA_vaccine" title="DNA vaccine">DNA</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZyCoV-D" title="ZyCoV-D">ZyCoV-D</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine" title="Inactivated vaccine">Inactivated</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences COVID-19 vaccine">Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">CoronaVac</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Covaxin" title="Covaxin">Covaxin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVIran_Barekat" title="COVIran Barekat">COVIran Barekat</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CoviVac_(Russia_COVID-19_vaccine)" title="CoviVac (Russia COVID-19 vaccine)">CoviVac (Russia)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/FAKHRAVAC" title="FAKHRAVAC">FAKHRAVAC</a> (terminated)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Minhai_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Minhai COVID-19 vaccine">Minhai</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/QazCovid-in" title="QazCovid-in">QazCovid-in</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm–BBIBP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_WIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm–WIBP</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/RNA_vaccine" title="RNA vaccine">RNA</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer–BioNTech</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subunit_vaccine" title="Subunit vaccine">Subunit</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdala_(vaccine)" title="Abdala (vaccine)">Abdala</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVAX-19" title="COVAX-19">COVAX-19</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/EpiVacCorona" title="EpiVacCorona">EpiVacCorona</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine" title="MVC COVID-19 vaccine">MVC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soberana_02" title="Soberana 02">Soberana 02</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soberana_Plus" title="Soberana Plus">Soberana Plus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ZF2001" title="ZF2001">ZF2001</a> (Zifivax)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viral_vector_vaccine" title="Viral vector vaccine">Viral vector</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convidecia" title="Convidecia">Convidecia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Janssen COVID-19 vaccine">Janssen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">Oxford–AstraZeneca</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">Sputnik V</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_Light" title="Sputnik Light">Sputnik Light</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">In trials</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine" title="Attenuated vaccine">Attenuated</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVI-VAC_(U.S._COVID-19_vaccine)" title="COVI-VAC (U.S. COVID-19 vaccine)">COVI-VAC (United States)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">DNA</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/AG0302-COVID%E2%80%9119" title="AG0302-COVID‑19">AG0302-COVID‑19</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GX-19" title="GX-19">GX-19</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inovio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Inovio COVID-19 vaccine">Inovio</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Inactivated</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/TurkoVac" title="TurkoVac">TurkoVac</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Valneva_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Valneva COVID-19 vaccine">Valneva</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">RNA</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARCT-021" title="ARCT-021">ARCT-021</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ARCT-154" title="ARCT-154">ARCT-154</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bangavax" title="Bangavax">Bangavax</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CureVac_COVID-19_vaccine" title="CureVac COVID-19 vaccine">CureVac</a> (terminated)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/HGC019" title="HGC019">HGC019</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PTX-COVID19-B" title="PTX-COVID19-B">PTX-COVID19-B</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93Translate_Bio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sanofi–Translate Bio COVID-19 vaccine">Sanofi–Translate Bio</a> (terminated)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Walvax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Walvax COVID-19 vaccine">Walvax</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Subunit</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/202-CoV" title="202-CoV">202-CoV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corbevax" title="Corbevax">Corbevax</a> (Bio E COVID-19)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/EuCorVac-19" title="EuCorVac-19">EuCorVac-19</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GBP510" title="GBP510">GBP510</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/IVX-411" title="IVX-411">IVX-411</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nanocovax" title="Nanocovax">Nanocovax</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Noora_(vaccine)" title="Noora (vaccine)">Noora</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Novavax COVID-19 vaccine">Novavax</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Razi_Cov_Pars" title="Razi Cov Pars">Razi Cov Pars</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93GSK_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine">Sanofi–GSK</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SCB-2019" title="SCB-2019">SCB-2019</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/UB-612" title="UB-612">UB-612</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/V-01" title="V-01">V-01</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/V451_vaccine" title="V451 vaccine">V451</a> (terminated)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vabiotech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Vabiotech COVID-19 vaccine">Vabiotech</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/West_China_Hospital_COVID-19_vaccine" title="West China Hospital COVID-19 vaccine">West China Hospital</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Zhongyianke_Biotech%E2%80%93Liaoning_Maokangyuan_Biotech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech COVID-19 vaccine">Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Viral vector</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/AdCLD-CoV19" title="AdCLD-CoV19">AdCLD-CoV19</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/BBV154" title="BBV154">BBV154</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/BriLife" title="BriLife">BriLife</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT" title="DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT">DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GRAd-COV2" title="GRAd-COV2">GRAd-COV2</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ImmunityBio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="ImmunityBio COVID-19 vaccine">ImmunityBio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NDV-HXP-S" title="NDV-HXP-S">NDV-HXP-S</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virus-like_particle" title="Virus-like particle">Virus-like particles</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/CoVLP" title="CoVLP">CoVLP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/VBI-2902" title="VBI-2902">VBI-2902</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment<br/>by location</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Algeria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Algeria">Algeria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Angola" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Angola">Angola</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin#Vaccination" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Benin">Benin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Botswana" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Botswana">Botswana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burkina_Faso" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burundi" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Burundi">Burundi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cape_Verde" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Chad" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Chad">Chad</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Comoros" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Djibouti" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Egypt">Egypt</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Eswatini" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ghana" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana">Ghana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Morocco" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Morocco">Morocco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nigeria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Senegal" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Senegal">Senegal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 vaccination in South Africa">South Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Zimbabwe" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bangladesh" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bhutan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China">Mainland China</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India" title="COVID-19 vaccination in India">India</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Indonesia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Israel">Israel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Japan">Japan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Kazakhstan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Malaysia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nepal" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Nepal">Nepal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Russia">Russia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore">Singapore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea">South Korea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sri_Lanka" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Taiwan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand">Thailand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Turkey" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Turkey">Turkey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Albania" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Albania">Albania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bulgaria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Croatia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Croatia">Croatia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Denmark" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Denmark">Denmark</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France" title="COVID-19 vaccination in France">France</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Germany">Germany</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Greece" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Greece">Greece</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Hungary" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Hungary">Hungary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iceland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Iceland">Iceland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Italy">Italy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Moldova" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Moldova">Moldova</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Norway" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Norway">Norway</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Romania" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Romania">Romania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Russia">Russia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Spain">Spain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sweden" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Sweden">Sweden</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Switzerland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ukraine" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Canada">Canada</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Quebec" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Haiti" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Haiti">Haiti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico">Mexico</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United States">United States</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States">mandates</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Australia">Australia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Fiji" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Fiji">Fiji</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Argentina" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Argentina">Argentina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil">Brazil</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Colombia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia">Colombia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Peru" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Peru">Peru</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica#Vaccination" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19" title="Treatment and management of COVID-19">Treatment</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">Drug development</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research" title="COVID-19 drug repurposing research">Drug repurposing research</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone#COVID‑19" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Baricitinib" title="Baricitinib">Baricitinib</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/RECOVERY_Trial" title="RECOVERY Trial">RECOVERY Trial</a> (UK)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_trial" title="Solidarity trial">Solidarity trial</a> (WHO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_ventilator#COVID-19_pandemic" title="Open-source ventilator">Open-source ventilator</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Extracorporeal_membrane_oxygenation#Use_in_COVID-19_patients" title="Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation">Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">Monoclonal antibodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamlanivimab/etesevimab" title="Bamlanivimab/etesevimab">Bamlanivimab/etesevimab</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamlanivimab" title="Bamlanivimab">Bamlanivimab</a></li>
<li>Etesevimab</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Casirivimab/imdevimab" title="Casirivimab/imdevimab">Casirivimab/imdevimab</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Regdanvimab" title="Regdanvimab">Regdanvimab</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sarilumab" title="Sarilumab">Sarilumab</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sotrovimab" title="Sotrovimab">Sotrovimab</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tocilizumab" title="Tocilizumab">Tocilizumab</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antiviral_drug" title="Antiviral drug">Small molecule antivirals</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad-spectrum_antiviral_drug" title="Broad-spectrum antiviral drug">Broad-spectrum</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remdesivir#COVID-19" title="Remdesivir">Remdesivir</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Molnupiravir" title="Molnupiravir">Molnupiravir</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col"><div id="Variants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Variants</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant">Alpha</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant">Beta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant">Gamma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant">Epsilon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant">Zeta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant">Eta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant">Theta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant">Iota</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant">Kappa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant">Lambda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant">Mu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Cluster 5</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617" title="SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617">Lineage B.1.617</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Variant_of_concern" title="Variant of concern">Variant of concern</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col"><div id="Institutions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Institutions</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Hospitals and<br/>medical clinics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Mainland China</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Hospital_of_Wuhan" title="Central Hospital of Wuhan">Central Hospital of Wuhan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dabie_Mountain_Regional_Medical_Centre" title="Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre">Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fangcang_hospital" title="Fangcang hospital">Fangcang hospitals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Huoshenshan_Hospital" title="Huoshenshan Hospital">Huoshenshan Hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Leishenshan_Hospital" title="Leishenshan Hospital">Leishenshan Hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_Xinjia_Express_Hotel" title="Collapse of Xinjia Express Hotel">Xinjia Express Hotel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Jinyintan_Hospital" title="Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital">Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic">Hospital ships</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Canberra_Coronavirus_Field_Hospital" title="Canberra Coronavirus Field Hospital">Canberra Coronavirus Field Hospital</a> (Australia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_El_Salvador" title="Hospital El Salvador">Hospital El Salvador</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SevenHills_Hospital#COVID-19_hospital" title="SevenHills Hospital">SevenHills Hospital</a> (India)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kemayoran_Athletes_Village" title="Kemayoran Athletes Village">Kemayoran Athletes Village</a> (Indonesia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pyongyang_General_Hospital" title="Pyongyang General Hospital">Pyongyang General Hospital</a> (North Korea)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Agro_Exposition_Park_Serdang" title="Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang">Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang</a> (Malaysia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mega_Ligtas_COVID_Centers" title="Mega Ligtas COVID Centers">Mega Ligtas COVID Centers</a> (Philippines)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kandakadu_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Centre" title="Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre">Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre</a> (Sri Lanka)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sancaktepe_Prof._Dr._Feriha_%C3%96z_Emergency_Hospital" title="Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital">Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital</a> (Turkey)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y_Prof._Dr._Murat_Dilmener_Emergency_Hospital" title="Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital">Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital</a> (Turkey)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_Heart_Hospital" title="Dragon's Heart Hospital">Dragon's Heart Hospital</a> (Wales)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Louisa_Jordan" title="NHS Louisa Jordan">NHS Louisa Jordan</a> (Scotland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom#NHS_England" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">NHS Nightingale Hospitals</a> (England)
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Birmingham" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital London">London</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_East" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital North East">North East</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_West" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital North West">North West</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Global</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Epidemic_Preparedness_Innovations" title="Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations">Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Tech_Handbook" title="Coronavirus Tech Handbook">Coronavirus Tech Handbook</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Solidarity_Response_Fund" title="COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund">COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Covid_Watch" title="Covid Watch">Covid Watch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/EcoHealth_Alliance" title="EcoHealth Alliance">EcoHealth Alliance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Committee_on_Vaccination_and_Immunisation" title="Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation">Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MusiCares_COVID-19_Relief_Fund" title="MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund">MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pasteur_Institute" title="Pasteur Institute">Pasteur Institute</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institut_Pasteur_du_Cambodge" title="Institut Pasteur du Cambodge">in Cambodia</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/UN_COVID-19_Supply_Chain_Task_Force" title="UN COVID-19 Supply Chain Task Force">UN COVID-19 Supply Chain Task Force</a> (WHO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic">United Nations</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_in_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of United Nations resolutions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic">resolutions</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic">World Health Organization</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (African Union)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Cabinet_(Australia)" title="National Cabinet (Australia)">National Cabinet (Australia)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_COVID-19_Commission_Advisory_Board" title="National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board">National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board</a> (Australia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Immunity_Task_Force" title="COVID-19 Immunity Task Force">COVID-19 Immunity Task Force</a> (Canada)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Supply_Council" title="COVID-19 Supply Council">COVID-19 Supply Council</a> (Canada)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ScienceUpFirst" title="ScienceUpFirst">ScienceUpFirst</a> (Canada)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Institute_of_Virology" title="Wuhan Institute of Virology">Wuhan Institute of Virology</a> (China)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PREPARE" title="PREPARE">PREPARE</a> (European Union)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Infectious_Disease_Centre" title="Ghana Infectious Disease Centre">Ghana Infectious Disease Centre</a> (Ghana)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Hong_Kong)" title="Department of Health (Hong Kong)">Department of Health (Hong Kong)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Expert_Group_on_Vaccine_Administration_for_COVID-19" title="National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19">National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19</a> (India)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund" title="PM CARES Fund">PM CARES Fund</a> (India)</li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/SAARC_COVID-19_Emergency_Fund" title="SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund">SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund</a> (India)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Response_Acceleration_Task_Force" title="COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force">COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force</a> (Indonesia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Health_Emergency_Team_(2020)" title="National Public Health Emergency Team (2020)">National Public Health Emergency Team</a> (Ireland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Novel_Coronavirus_Expert_Meeting" title="Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting">Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting</a> (Japan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Disease_Control_and_Prevention_Agency" title="Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency">Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency</a> (South Korea)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_Preparedness_and_Response_Centre" title="Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre">Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre</a> (Malaysia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Outbreak_Management_Team" title="Outbreak Management Team">Outbreak Management Team</a> (Netherlands)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Defeat_COVID-19_Ad_Hoc_Committee" title="Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee">Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee</a> (Philippines)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Agency_Task_Force_for_the_Management_of_Emerging_Infectious_Diseases" title="Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases">Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases</a> (Philippines)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Communicable_Diseases" title="National Institute for Communicable Diseases">National Institute for Communicable Diseases</a> (South Africa)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Central_Epidemic_Command_Center" title="Central Epidemic Command Center">Central Epidemic Command Center</a> (Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Centers_for_Disease_Control" title="Taiwan Centers for Disease Control">Taiwan Centers for Disease Control</a> (Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Scientific_Advisory_Board" title="Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board">Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board</a> (Turkey)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Genomics_UK_Consortium" title="COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium">COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium</a> (United Kingdom)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team">Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team</a> (United Kingdom)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Independent_SAGE" title="Independent SAGE">Independent SAGE</a> (United Kingdom)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Biosecurity_Centre" title="Joint Biosecurity Centre">Joint Biosecurity Centre</a> (United Kingdom)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_Taskforce" title="Vaccine Taskforce">Vaccine Taskforce</a> (United Kingdom)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Artist_Relief" title="Artist Relief">Artist Relief</a> (United States)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board" title="COVID-19 Advisory Board">COVID-19 Advisory Board</a> (United States)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups" title="Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups">Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups</a> (United States)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force" title="White House Coronavirus Task Force">White House Coronavirus Task Force</a> (United States)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="White House COVID-19 Response Team">White House COVID-19 Response Team</a> (United States)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GACH" title="GACH">GACH</a> (Uruguay)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Medical<br/>professionals</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai_Fen" title="Ai Fen">Ai Fen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corona_Rintawan" title="Corona Rintawan">Corona Rintawan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Li_Wenliang" title="Li Wenliang">Li Wenliang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Wen_(doctor)" title="Liu Wen (doctor)">Liu Wen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xie_Linka" title="Xie Linka">Xie Linka</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Wenhong" title="Zhang Wenhong">Zhang Wenhong</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Coronavirus_researchers" title="Category:Coronavirus researchers">Researchers</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awang_Bulgiba_Awang_Mahmud" title="Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud">Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Burioni" title="Roberto Burioni">Roberto Burioni</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Wei_(medical_scientist)" title="Chen Wei (medical scientist)">Chen Wei</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kizzmekia_Corbett" title="Kizzmekia Corbett">Kizzmekia Corbett</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Crisanti_(scientist)" title="Andrea Crisanti (scientist)">Andrea Crisanti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Daszak" title="Peter Daszak">Peter Daszak</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Drosten" title="Christian Drosten">Christian Drosten</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Ferguson_(epidemiologist)" title="Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)">Neil Ferguson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Fisher" title="Dale Fisher">Dale Fisher</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Gao" title="George F. Gao">George F. Gao</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Azra_Ghani" title="Azra Ghani">Azra Ghani</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Gilbert" title="Sarah Gilbert">Sarah Gilbert</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Yi" title="Guan Yi">Guan Yi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kentaro_Iwata" title="Kentaro Iwata">Kentaro Iwata</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Katalin Karikó</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Keeling" title="Matt Keeling">Matt Keeling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trudie_Lang" title="Trudie Lang">Trudie Lang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Li_Lanjuan" title="Li Lanjuan">Li Lanjuan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/W._Ian_Lipkin" title="W. Ian Lipkin">W. Ian Lipkin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xiaowei" title="Ma Xiaowei">Ma Xiaowei</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shabir_Madhi" title="Shabir Madhi">Shabir Madhi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Allison_McGeer" title="Allison McGeer">Allison McGeer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Camilla_Rothe" title="Camilla Rothe">Camilla Rothe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Zhengli" title="Shi Zhengli">Shi Zhengli</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moncef_Slaoui" title="Moncef Slaoui">Moncef Slaoui</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Tildesley" title="Mike Tildesley">Mike Tildesley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_Todd_(British_biologist)" title="John Todd (British biologist)">John Todd</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chen_(physician)" title="Wang Chen (physician)">Wang Chen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Guangfa" title="Wang Guangfa">Wang Guangfa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yuen_Kwok-yung" title="Yuen Kwok-yung">Yuen Kwok-yung</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zeng_Guang" title="Zeng Guang">Zeng Guang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jixian" title="Zhang Jixian">Zhang Jixian</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yongzhen" title="Zhang Yongzhen">Zhang Yongzhen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zhong_Nanshan" title="Zhong Nanshan">Zhong Nanshan</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Officials</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">WHO</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom" title="Tedros Adhanom">Tedros Adhanom</a> (Director-General of the WHO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Aylward" title="Bruce Aylward">Bruce Aylward</a> (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Van_Kerkhove" title="Maria Van Kerkhove">Maria Van Kerkhove</a> (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Ryan_(doctor)" title="Michael J. Ryan (doctor)">Michael J. Ryan</a> (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Atherton" title="Frank Atherton">Frank Atherton</a> (Wales)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Bloomfield" title="Ashley Bloomfield">Ashley Bloomfield</a> (New Zealand)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Calderwood" title="Catherine Calderwood">Catherine Calderwood</a> (Scotland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chang_Shan-chwen" title="Chang Shan-chwen">Chang Shan-chwen</a> (Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Shih-chung" title="Chen Shih-chung">Chen Shih-chung</a> (Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chuang_Yin-ching" title="Chuang Yin-ching">Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching</a> (Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Costache" title="Victor Costache">Victor Costache</a> (Romania)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Curcio" title="Fabrizio Curcio">Fabrizio Curcio</a> (Italy)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Deseda" title="Carmen Deseda">Carmen Deseda</a> (Puerto Rico)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jaap_van_Dissel" title="Jaap van Dissel">Jaap van Dissel</a> (the Netherlands)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Drosten" title="Christian Drosten">Christian Drosten</a> (Germany)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Duque_III" title="Francisco Duque III">Francisco Duque III</a> (Philippines)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a> (United States)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Paolo_Figliuolo" title="Francesco Paolo Figliuolo">Francesco Paolo Figliuolo</a> (Italy)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Freitas" title="Graça Freitas">Graça Freitas</a> (Portugal)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Henrique_Gouveia_e_Melo" title="Henrique Gouveia e Melo">Henrique Gouveia e Melo</a> (Portugal)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Hancock" title="Matt Hancock">Matt Hancock</a> (United Kingdom)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hamad_Hasan" title="Hamad Hasan">Hamad Hasan</a> (Lebanon)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Hunt" title="Greg Hunt">Greg Hunt</a> (Australia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Holohan" title="Tony Holohan">Tony Holohan</a> (Ireland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jeong_Eun-kyeong" title="Jeong Eun-kyeong">Jeong Eun-kyeong</a> (South Korea)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fahrettin_Koca" title="Fahrettin Koca">Fahrettin Koca</a> (Turkey)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a> (China)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McBride_(doctor)" title="Michael McBride (doctor)">Michael McBride</a> (Northern Ireland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oriol_Mitj%C3%A0" title="Oriol Mitjà">Oriol Mitjà</a> (Andorra)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zweli_Mkhize" title="Zweli Mkhize">Zweli Mkhize</a> (South Africa)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Doni_Monardo" title="Doni Monardo">Doni Monardo</a> (Indonesia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alma_M%C3%B6ller" title="Alma Möller">Alma Möller</a> (Iceland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Namaki" title="Saeed Namaki">Saeed Namaki</a> (Iran)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ala_Nemerenco" title="Ala Nemerenco">Ala Nemerenco</a> (Moldova)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Thanh_Long" title="Nguyễn Thanh Long">Nguyễn Thanh Long</a> (Vietnam)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Noor_Hisham_Abdullah" title="Noor Hisham Abdullah">Noor Hisham Abdullah</a> (Malaysia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Pilli" title="Ali Pilli">Ali Pilli</a> (Northern Cyprus)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Salinas" title="Daniel Salinas">Daniel Salinas</a> (Uruguay)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Salomon" title="Jérôme Salomon">Jérôme Salomon</a> (France)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sim%C3%B3n" title="Fernando Simón">Fernando Simón</a> (Spain)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Smith" title="Gregor Smith">Gregor Smith</a> (Scotland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Su_Ih-jen" title="Su Ih-jen">Su Ih-jen</a> (Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81ukasz_Szumowski" title="Łukasz Szumowski">Łukasz Szumowski</a> (Poland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_Tam" title="Theresa Tam">Theresa Tam</a> (Canada)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Tegnell" title="Anders Tegnell">Anders Tegnell</a> (Sweden)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B3lfur_Gu%C3%B0nason" title="Þórólfur Guðnason">Þórólfur Guðnason</a> (Iceland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sotiris_Tsiodras" title="Sotiris Tsiodras">Sotiris Tsiodras</a> (Greece)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Harsh_Vardhan_(Delhi_politician)" title="Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)">Harsh Vardhan</a> (India)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0ir_Reynisson" title="Víðir Reynisson">Víðir Reynisson</a> (Iceland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Vizzotti" title="Carla Vizzotti">Carla Vizzotti</a> (Argentina)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vlad_Voiculescu" title="Vlad Voiculescu">Vlad Voiculescu</a> (Romania)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Whitty" title="Chris Whitty">Chris Whitty</a> (United Kingdom)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Lawrence Wong</a> (Singapore)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Zients" title="Jeffrey Zients">Jeffrey Zients</a> (United States)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Qiushi" title="Chen Qiushi">Chen Qiushi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Crozier" title="Brett Crozier">Brett Crozier</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Bin" title="Fang Bin">Fang Bin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Fang" title="Fang Fang">Fang Fang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ashitey_Hammond" title="Joseph Ashitey Hammond">Joseph Ashitey Hammond</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zehua" title="Li Zehua">Li Zehua</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Tom_Moore" title="Captain Tom Moore">Captain Tom Moore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Qiu_Menghuang" title="Qiu Menghuang">Qiu Menghuang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ren_Zhiqiang" title="Ren Zhiqiang">Ren Zhiqiang</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Deaths</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">List</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col"><div id="Data_(templates)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Data (templates)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory#Statistics" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Cases, deaths, recoveries by country</a></li>
<li>WHO situation reports
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">cases</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_January_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in January 2020">January 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_February_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in February 2020">February 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_March_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in March 2020">March 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_April_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in April 2020">April 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_May_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in May 2020">May 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_June_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in June 2020">June 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_July_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in July 2020">July 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_August_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in August 2020">August 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_September_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in September 2020">September 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_October_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in October 2020">October 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_November_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in November 2020">November 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_December_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in December 2020">December 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_January_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in January 2021">January 2021</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_February_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in February 2021">February 2021</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_March_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in March 2021">March 2021</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_April_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in April 2021">April 2021</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_May_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in May 2021">May 2021</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_June_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in June 2021">June 2021</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_July_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in July 2021">July 2021</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">deaths</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">World map by countries: confirmed per capita</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_hospital_beds#Numbers" title="List of countries by hospital beds">Hospital beds by country</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns#Table_of_pandemic_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">Lockdowns</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><b><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_(Wikimedia_colors).svg"><img alt="SARS-CoV-2 (Wikimedia colors).svg" class="noviewer" data-file-height="666" data-file-width="666" decoding="async" height="16" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/16px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/24px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/32px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 2x" width="16"/></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:COVID-19" title="Portal:COVID-19">COVID-19 portal</a></b></li>
<li><img alt="Category" class="noviewer" data-file-height="185" data-file-width="180" decoding="async" height="16" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" title="Category" width="16"/> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:COVID-19_pandemic" title="Category:COVID-19 pandemic">Category</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r891577481">.mw-parser-output .subjectbar{background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:88%}</style><table class="subjectbar noprint metadata plainlist" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td style="width:125px;border-right:solid 1px black; padding-left:3px; padding-right:3px;"><span style="font-size:125%"><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a></b></span><br/><span style="font-size:90%">Access related topics</span></td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_(Wikimedia_colors).svg"><img alt="SARS-CoV-2 (Wikimedia colors).svg" data-file-height="666" data-file-width="666" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/30px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/45px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/60px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 2x" width="30"/></a></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:COVID-19" title="Portal:COVID-19">COVID-19 portal</a></b></i></span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg"><img alt="Ambox globe Asia Australia.svg" data-file-height="512" data-file-width="512" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg/30px-Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg/45px-Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg/60px-Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" width="30"/></a></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></b></i></span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Sida-aids.png"><img alt="Sida-aids.png" data-file-height="290" data-file-width="290" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sida-aids.png/30px-Sida-aids.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sida-aids.png/45px-Sida-aids.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sida-aids.png/60px-Sida-aids.png 2x" width="30"/></a></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Viruses" title="Portal:Viruses">Viruses portal</a></b></i></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td style="width:125px;border-right:solid 1px black; padding-left:3px; padding-right:3px;"><span style="font-size:90%">Find out more on<br/>Wikipedia's</span><br/><span style="font-size:125%"><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">Sister projects</a></b></span></td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="1376" data-file-width="1024" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" width="22"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:COVID-19_pandemic" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:COVID-19 pandemic">Media</a><br/>from Commons</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="1103" data-file-width="941" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/26px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/38px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" width="26"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19" title="wikispecies:Special:Search/COVID-19">Species directories</a><br/>from Wikispecies</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="193" data-file-width="193" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/30px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/45px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" width="30"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19_pandemic" title="voy:Special:Search/COVID-19 pandemic">Travel guides</a><br/>from Wikivoyage</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="415" data-file-width="759" decoding="async" height="16" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/30px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/45px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" width="30"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19" title="wikinews:Special:Search/COVID-19">News stories</a><br/>from Wikinews</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="391" data-file-width="391" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/45px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" width="30"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19#English" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/COVID-19">Definitions</a><br/>from Wiktionary</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="300" data-file-width="300" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/30px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/45px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" width="30"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/COVID-19">Textbooks</a><br/>from Wikibooks</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="355" data-file-width="300" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/25px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/38px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" width="25"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19_pandemic" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/COVID-19 pandemic">Quotations</a><br/>from Wikiquote</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="430" data-file-width="410" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/29px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/43px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" width="29"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19" title="wikisource:Special:Search/COVID-19">Source texts</a><br/>from Wikisource</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="512" data-file-width="626" decoding="async" height="25" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/30px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/45px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/60px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" width="30"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/COVID-19">Learning resources</a><br/>from Wikiversity</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="590" data-file-width="1050" decoding="async" height="17" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/45px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" width="30"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19" title="wikidata:Special:Search/COVID-19">Data</a><br/>from Wikidata</span></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covid-19-pandemie" hreflang="af" lang="af" title="Covid-19-pandemie – Afrikaans"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19-Pandemie" hreflang="gsw" lang="gsw" title="COVID-19-Pandemie – Alemannisch"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-20_%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%AE%E1%8A%93%E1%89%AB%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%A8%E1%88%B5_%E1%8B%88%E1%88%A8%E1%88%AD%E1%88%BD%E1%8A%9D" hreflang="am" lang="am" title="2019-20 ኮሮናቫይረስ ወረርሽኝ – Amharic"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" hreflang="ar" lang="ar" title="جائحة فيروس كورونا – Arabic"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="an" lang="an" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Aragonese"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A8mia_de_cr%C3%A8va_de_coronavirus_de_2019-2020" hreflang="frp" lang="frp" title="Pandèmia de crèva de coronavirus de 2019-2020 – Arpitan"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%27%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80" hreflang="as" lang="as" title="ক'ভিড-১৯ বৈশ্বিক মহামাৰী – Assamese"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="ast" lang="ast" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Asturian"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" hreflang="awa" lang="awa" title="२०१९-२० कोरोना भाइरस महामारी – Awadhi"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%C3%B1emosarambi_guasu" hreflang="gn" lang="gn" title="COVID-19 ñemosarambi guasu – Guarani"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_koronavirus_pandemiyas%C4%B1" hreflang="az" lang="az" title="COVID-19 koronavirus pandemiyası – Azerbaijani"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DB%B1%DB%B9_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" hreflang="azb" lang="azb" title="کووید-۱۹ پاندامی – South Azerbaijani"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_koronavirus_2019-2020" hreflang="ban" lang="ban" title="Pandemi koronavirus 2019-2020 – Balinese"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80" hreflang="bn" lang="bn" title="কোভিড-১৯ এর বৈশ্বিক মহামারী – Bangla"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_COVID-19" hreflang="bjn" lang="bjn" title="Pandemi COVID-19 – Banjar"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_t%C5%8Da-li%C3%BB-h%C3%AAng" hreflang="nan" lang="nan" title="COVID-19 tōa-liû-hêng – Chinese (Min Nan)"><span>Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_COVID-19" hreflang="be" lang="be" title="Пандэмія COVID-19 – Belarusian"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96_(2019)" hreflang="be-tarask" lang="be-tarask" title="Пандэмія каранавіруснай інфэкцыі (2019) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1-19_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" hreflang="bh" lang="bh" title="कोविड-19 महामारी – Bhojpuri"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus-_Pagbungkaras_2019-20" hreflang="bcl" lang="bcl" title="Coronavirus- Pagbungkaras 2019-20 – Central Bikol"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" hreflang="bg" lang="bg" title="Коронавирусна пандемия – Bulgarian"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" hreflang="bo" lang="bo" title="ཏོག་དབྱིབས་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་རིམས་ནད། – Tibetan"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_COVID-a_19" hreflang="bs" lang="bs" title="Pandemija COVID-a 19 – Bosnian"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedreuziad_COVID-19" hreflang="br" lang="br" title="Bedreuziad COVID-19 – Breton"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB" hreflang="bxr" lang="bxr" title="Коронавирус тахал – Russia Buriat"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A8mia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="ca" lang="ca" title="Pandèmia de COVID-19 – Catalan"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" hreflang="cv" lang="cv" title="COVID-19 пандеми – Chuvash"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_pandemya" hreflang="ceb" lang="ceb" title="Coronavirus pandemya – Cebuano"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemie_covidu-19" hreflang="cs" lang="cs" title="Pandemie covidu-19 – Czech"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mliri_wa_kachilombo_ka_corona_2019-20" hreflang="ny" lang="ny" title="Mliri wa kachilombo ka corona 2019-20 – Nyanja"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemig_COVID-19" hreflang="cy" lang="cy" title="Pandemig COVID-19 – Welsh"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronaviruspandemien" hreflang="da" lang="da" title="Coronaviruspandemien – Danish"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19-Pandemie" hreflang="de" lang="de" title="COVID-19-Pandemie – German"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" hreflang="dty" lang="dty" title="२०१९-२० कोरोनाभाइरस महामारी – Doteli"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koroonapandeemia" hreflang="et" lang="et" title="Koroonapandeemia – Estonian"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1_COVID-19" hreflang="el" lang="el" title="Πανδημία COVID-19 – Greek"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="es" lang="es" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Spanish"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronvirusa_pandemio_de_2019-2021" hreflang="eo" lang="eo" title="Kronvirusa pandemio de 2019-2021 – Esperanto"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemia" hreflang="eu" lang="eu" title="COVID-19 pandemia – Basque"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DB%B1%DB%B9" hreflang="fa" lang="fa" title="دنیاگیری کووید-۱۹ – Persian"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A9mie_de_Covid-19" hreflang="fr" lang="fr" title="Pandémie de Covid-19 – French"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paind%C3%A9im_COVID-19" hreflang="ga" lang="ga" title="Paindéim COVID-19 – Irish"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="gl" lang="gl" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Galician"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85" hreflang="gan" lang="gan" title="2019冠状病毒病疫情 – Gan Chinese"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_thai-li%C3%B9-h%C3%A0ng" hreflang="hak" lang="hak" title="COVID-19 thai-liù-hàng – Hakka Chinese"><span>客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%82%9819_%EB%B2%94%EC%9C%A0%ED%96%89" hreflang="ko" lang="ko" title="코로나19 범유행 – Korean"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%CA%BBi_laul%C4%81_kolona" hreflang="haw" lang="haw" title="Maʻi laulā kolona – Hawaiian"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF" hreflang="hy" lang="hy" title="COVID-19 համավարակ – Armenian"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" hreflang="hi" lang="hi" title="2019–20 कोरोनावायरस महामारी – Hindi"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_COVID-19" hreflang="hr" lang="hr" title="Pandemija COVID-19 – Croatian"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_Covid-19" hreflang="id" lang="id" title="Pandemi Covid-19 – Indonesian"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_Covid-19" hreflang="ia" lang="ia" title="Pandemia de Covid-19 – Interlingua"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%84%E1%95%99%E1%92%A1%E1%94%AA%E1%90%8A%E1%95%90%E1%93%87%E1%96%85-19_%E1%96%83%E1%93%84%E1%90%83%E1%93%90%E1%93%82%E1%90%85%E1%94%AA%E1%93%84%E1%91%A6" hreflang="iu" lang="iu" title="ᓄᕙᒡᔪᐊᕐᓇᖅ-19 ᖃᓄᐃᓐᓂᐅᔪᓄᑦ – Inuktitut"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ/inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isifo_se-Coronavirus_2019" hreflang="xh" lang="xh" title="Isifo se-Coronavirus 2019 – Xhosa"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isifo_seCoronavirus_2019" hreflang="zu" lang="zu" title="Isifo seCoronavirus 2019 – Zulu"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3r%C3%B3naveirufaraldurinn_2019%E2%80%932021" hreflang="is" lang="is" title="Kórónaveirufaraldurinn 2019–2021 – Icelandic"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_di_COVID-19" hreflang="it" lang="it" title="Pandemia di COVID-19 – Italian"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" hreflang="he" lang="he" title="מגפת הקורונה – Hebrew"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pageblug_koronavirus_2019%E2%80%932020" hreflang="jv" lang="jv" title="Pageblug koronavirus 2019–2020 – Javanese"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_2019-2020" hreflang="ka" lang="ka" title="კორონავირუსის პანდემია 2019-2020 – Georgian"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" hreflang="kk" lang="kk" title="COVID-19 пандемиясы – Kazakh"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlipuko_wa_virusi_vya_corona_2019-20" hreflang="sw" lang="sw" title="Mlipuko wa virusi vya corona 2019-20 – Swahili"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_Covid-19" hreflang="ht" lang="ht" title="Pandemi Covid-19 – Haitian Creole"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belavb%C3%BBna_v%C3%AErusa_Koronay%C3%AA_2019-20" hreflang="ku" lang="ku" title="Belavbûna vîrusa Koronayê 2019-20 – Kurdish"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" hreflang="ky" lang="ky" title="COVID-19 пандемиясы – Kyrgyz"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%84%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%AA_2019-2020" hreflang="lo" lang="lo" title="ການລະບາດທົ່ວຂອງໂຄໂຣນາໄວຣັສ 2019-2020 – Lao"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pand%C4%93mija" hreflang="lv" lang="lv" title="COVID-19 pandēmija – Latvian"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19-Pandemie" hreflang="lb" lang="lb" title="COVID-19-Pandemie – Luxembourgish"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemija" hreflang="lt" lang="lt" title="COVID-19 pandemija – Lithuanian"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandem%C3%AEa_de_COVID-19_do_2019-2020" hreflang="lij" lang="lij" title="Pandemîa de COVID-19 do 2019-2020 – Ligurian"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemica_de_coronavirus_de_2019-2020" hreflang="lfn" lang="lfn" title="Pandemica de coronavirus de 2019-2020 – Lingua Franca Nova"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="lmo" lang="lmo" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Lombard"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covid19-pand%C3%A9mia" hreflang="hu" lang="hu" title="Covid19-pandémia – Hungarian"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%98%D0%94-19" hreflang="mk" lang="mk" title="Пандемија на КОВИД-19 – Macedonian"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D-19_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" hreflang="ml" lang="ml" title="കോവിഡ്-19 ആഗോള മഹാമാരി – Malayalam"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_tal-COVID-19" hreflang="mt" lang="mt" title="Pandemija tal-COVID-19 – Maltese"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95" hreflang="mr" lang="mr" title="२०१९-२०२० वुहान कोरोना व्हायरसचा उद्रेक – Marathi"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%83%D9%88%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%AF-19" hreflang="arz" lang="arz" title="وباء كوڤيد-19 – Egyptian Arabic"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemik_COVID-19" hreflang="ms" lang="ms" title="Pandemik COVID-19 – Malay"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5_%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%81_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5_%EA%AF%B2%EA%AF%B0%EA%AF%B1%EA%AF%B9_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A0" hreflang="mni" lang="mni" title="ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯏꯔꯁ ꯂꯩꯅꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯹ ꯂꯥꯏꯆꯠ – Manipuri"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_koronavirus_2019%E2%80%932020" hreflang="min" lang="min" title="Pandemi koronavirus 2019–2020 – Minangkabau"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%C4%ADk-c%C3%ACng" hreflang="cdo" lang="cdo" title="COVID-19 ĭk-cìng – Min Dong Chinese"><span>Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemie_de_coronab%C3%ADrus" hreflang="mwl" lang="mwl" title="Pandemie de coronabírus – Mirandese"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%82%E1%81%80%E1%81%81%E1%81%89-%E1%81%82%E1%81%80_%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%97%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF" hreflang="my" lang="my" title="၂၀၁၉-၂၀ ကိုရိုနာဗိုင်းရပ်စ် ဖြစ်ပွားမှု – Burmese"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronapandemie" hreflang="nl" lang="nl" title="Coronapandemie – Dutch"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" hreflang="ne" lang="ne" title="२०१९-२० कोरोना भाइरस प्रकोप – Nepali"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E7%97%87%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C_(2019%E5%B9%B4-)" hreflang="ja" lang="ja" title="新型コロナウイルス感染症の世界的流行 (2019年-) – Japanese"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" hreflang="ce" lang="ce" title="COVID-19 уьнан пандеми – Chechen"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronaviruspandemien" hreflang="nb" lang="nb" title="Koronaviruspandemien – Norwegian Bokmål"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronapandemien" hreflang="nn" lang="nn" title="Koronapandemien – Norwegian Nynorsk"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemiyasi" hreflang="uz" lang="uz" title="COVID-19 pandemiyasi – Uzbek"><span>Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" hreflang="pa" lang="pa" title="2019–20 ਕੋਰੋਨਾਵਾਇਰਸ ਮਹਾਮਾਰੀ – Punjabi"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%8C_2019%D8%A1_-_2020%D8%A1" hreflang="pnb" lang="pnb" title="کورونا وائرس دی عالمی وبا، 2019ء - 2020ء – Western Punjabi"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_coronavirus_2019-2020" hreflang="pap" lang="pap" title="Pandemia coronavirus 2019-2020 – Papiamento"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%A1%E1%9F%A9" hreflang="km" lang="km" title="ជម្ងឺរាតត្បាតកូវីដ១៩ – Khmer"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" hreflang="tpi" lang="tpi" title="COVID-19 pandemic – Tok Pisin"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_COVID-19" hreflang="pl" lang="pl" title="Pandemia COVID-19 – Polish"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="pt" lang="pt" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Portuguese"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="ro" lang="ro" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Romanian"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurunawirus_lliw_unqurichiq" hreflang="qu" lang="qu" title="Kurunawirus lliw unqurichiq – Quechua"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0_COVID-19" hreflang="rue" lang="rue" title="Пандемія коронавіруса COVID-19 – Rusyn"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_COVID-19" hreflang="ru" lang="ru" title="Пандемия COVID-19 – Russian"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" hreflang="sah" lang="sah" title="COVID-19 пандемията – Sakha"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%92%E1%B1%90%E1%B1%91%E1%B1%99-%E1%B1%92%E1%B1%90_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C_%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AB_%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AD" hreflang="sat" lang="sat" title="᱒᱐᱑᱙-᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱳᱹᱨᱞᱚᱭ – Santali"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A8mia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="sc" lang="sc" title="Pandèmia de COVID-19 – Sardinian"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" hreflang="sco" lang="sco" title="COVID-19 pandemic – Scots"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefu_la_Coronavirus" hreflang="st" lang="st" title="Lefu la Coronavirus – Southern Sotho"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolwetse_jwa_Mogare_wa_Khorona_2019" hreflang="tn" lang="tn" title="Bolwetse jwa Mogare wa Khorona 2019 – Tswana"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_e_COVID-19" hreflang="sq" lang="sq" title="Pandemia e COVID-19 – Albanian"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A-19_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" hreflang="si" lang="si" title="කොවිඩ්-19 ව්යාප්ත වසංගතය – Sinhala"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" hreflang="en-simple" lang="en-simple" title="COVID-19 pandemic – Simple English"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_%DA%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" hreflang="sd" lang="sd" title="2019–20 ڪوروناوائرس مها وبا – Sindhi"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A9mia_ochorenia_COVID-19" hreflang="sk" lang="sk" title="Pandémia ochorenia COVID-19 – Slovak"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_koronavirusne_bolezni_2019" hreflang="sl" lang="sl" title="Pandemija koronavirusne bolezni 2019 – Slovenian"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandymijo_COVID-19" hreflang="szl" lang="szl" title="Pandymijo COVID-19 – Silesian"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayraska_faafa_ee_Korona_2019%E2%80%9320" hreflang="so" lang="so" title="Fayraska faafa ee Korona 2019–20 – Somali"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%A2%D9%A0%D9%A1%D9%A9%E2%80%93%D9%A2%D9%A0" hreflang="ckb" lang="ckb" title="گشتگیربوونی ڤایرۆسی کۆرۆنای ٢٠١٩–٢٠ – Central Kurdish"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0_19" hreflang="sr" lang="sr" title="Пандемија ковида 19 – Serbian"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_COVID-19" hreflang="sh" lang="sh" title="Pandemija COVID-19 – Serbo-Croatian"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronaviruspandemia_2019%E2%80%93" hreflang="fi" lang="fi" title="Koronaviruspandemia 2019– – Finnish"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronaviruspandemin_2019%E2%80%932021" hreflang="sv" lang="sv" title="Coronaviruspandemin 2019–2021 – Swedish"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemya_ng_COVID-19" hreflang="tl" lang="tl" title="Pandemya ng COVID-19 – Tagalog"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D-19_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" hreflang="ta" lang="ta" title="கோவிட்-19 பெருந்தொற்று – Tamil"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADan_n_kurunafirus_2019" hreflang="shi" lang="shi" title="Aṭṭan n kurunafirus 2019 – Tachelhit"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arwas_n_wa%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADan_n_Ku%E1%B9%9Bunavirus_2019-20" hreflang="kab" lang="kab" title="Arwas n waṭṭan n Kuṛunavirus 2019-20 – Kabyle"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%95%E1%80%B5%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B5%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9D%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%82%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%81%B6%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%87_2019-20" hreflang="shn" lang="shn" title="လွင်ႈပဵၼ်တၢင်းပဵၼ် ဝၢႆးရႅတ်ႉၶူဝ်ႇရူဝ်ႇၼႃႇ 2019-20 – Shan"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9321_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF" hreflang="te" lang="te" title="2019–21 కరోనావైరస్ మహమ్మారి – Telugu"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94-19" hreflang="th" lang="th" title="การระบาดทั่วของโควิด-19 – Thai"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%88%E1%89%A0%E1%8B%B3_%E1%8A%AE%E1%89%AA%E1%8B%B5-19" hreflang="ti" lang="ti" title="ለበዳ ኮቪድ-19 – Tigrinya"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_COVID-19" hreflang="tg" lang="tg" title="Дунёгирии COVID-19 – Tajik"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vhulwadze_Ha_Coronavirus_2019" hreflang="ve" lang="ve" title="Vhulwadze Ha Coronavirus 2019 – Venda"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemisi" hreflang="tr" lang="tr" title="COVID-19 pandemisi – Turkish"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korona_wirusy_(2019-2020)" hreflang="tk" lang="tk" title="Korona wirusy (2019-2020) – Turkmen"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yare%C9%9B_a_y%C9%9B_fr%C9%9B_no_Coronavirus" hreflang="tw" lang="tw" title="Yareɛ a yɛ frɛ no Coronavirus – Twi"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%8C%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%93%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%89-19_%E1%A8%84%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%89%E1%A8%99%E1%A8%86%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%80" hreflang="bug" lang="bug" title="ᨌᨚᨓᨗᨉ-19 ᨄᨕᨊᨉᨙᨆᨗᨀ – Buginese"><span>ᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_2019" hreflang="uk" lang="uk" title="Пандемія коронавірусної хвороби 2019 – Ukrainian"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%B3_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" hreflang="ur" lang="ur" title="کورونا وائرس کی عالمی وبا – Urdu"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-2020_%DB%8B%DB%87%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8B%D9%89%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%89%DA%AD_%D8%B4%D9%89%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B4%D9%89_%DB%8B%DB%95%D9%82%DB%95%D8%B3%D9%89" hreflang="ug" lang="ug" title="2019-2020 ۋۇخەن تاجىسىمان ۋىرۇسنىڭ شىددەتلىك تارقىلىشى ۋەقەسى – Uyghur"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="vec" lang="vec" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Venetian"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_d%E1%BB%8Bch_COVID-19" hreflang="vi" lang="vi" title="Đại dịch COVID-19 – Vietnamese"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B1%E4%BA%A5%E8%8D%8A%E6%A5%9A%E5%A4%A7%E7%96%AB" hreflang="lzh" lang="lzh" title="己亥荊楚大疫 – Classical Chinese"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemya_nga_COVID-19" hreflang="war" lang="war" title="Pandemya nga COVID-19 – Waray"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A0ngoro_Koronaawiris_2019" hreflang="wo" lang="wo" title="Jàngoro Koronaawiris 2019 – Wolof"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80j%C3%A0k%C3%A1y%C3%A9-%C3%A0r%C3%B9n_%C3%A8r%C3%A0nk%C3%B2r%C3%B3n%C3%A0_%E1%BB%8Dd%C3%BAn_2019-2020" hreflang="yo" lang="yo" title="Àjàkáyé-àrùn èrànkòrónà ọdún 2019-2020 – Yoruba"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E6%BC%A2%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E%E5%A4%A7%E7%88%86%E7%99%BC" hreflang="yue" lang="yue" title="武漢肺炎大爆發 – Cantonese"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemiya_COVID-19i" hreflang="diq" lang="diq" title="Pandemiya COVID-19i – Zazaki"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-2020_m._Kuoruonas_v%C4%97rosa_ep%C4%97dem%C4%97j%C4%97" hreflang="sgs" 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COVID-19 pandemic - Wikipedia
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<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading">
COVID-19 pandemic
</h1>
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019
</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048617464">
.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}
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<table class="infobox">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="infobox-above" colspan="2" style="background:#FFCCCB">
COVID-19 pandemic
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="infobox-image" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Nurse.jpg">
<img alt="COVID-19 Nurse.jpg" data-file-height="1080" data-file-width="1920" decoding="async" height="169" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/COVID-19_Nurse.jpg/300px-COVID-19_Nurse.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/COVID-19_Nurse.jpg/450px-COVID-19_Nurse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/COVID-19_Nurse.jpg/600px-COVID-19_Nurse.jpg 2x" width="300"/>
</a>
<div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align:left;">
<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">
A nurse treats a COVID-19 patient in an
<a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">
intensive care unit
</a>
aboard a US
<a href="/wiki/Hospital_ship" title="Hospital ship">
hospital ship
</a>
in April 2020
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="infobox-image" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg">
<img alt="COVID-19 Outbreak World Map Total Deaths per Capita.svg" data-file-height="1398" data-file-width="2754" decoding="async" height="168" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg/330px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg/495px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg/660px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg.png 2x" width="330"/>
</a>
<div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align:left;">
<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">
Confirmed deaths per 100,000 population
<br/>
as of 18 October 2021
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em;">
<div style="margin:0 3.5em">
<span class="nowrap">
Cases per capita
</span>
</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="infobox-image" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg">
<img alt="COVID-19 Outbreak World Map per Capita.svg" data-file-height="1500" data-file-width="2921" decoding="async" height="164" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg/320px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg/480px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg/640px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg.png 2x" width="320"/>
</a>
<div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align:left;">
<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">
Cumulative percentage of population infected
<br/>
as of 3 October 2021
</div>
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<ul>
<li>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">
.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}
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<span class="legend nowrap">
<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#290000; color:white;">
</span>
>10%
</span>
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<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<span class="legend nowrap">
<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#510000; color:white;">
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3–10%
</span>
</li>
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<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<span class="legend nowrap">
<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#900000; color:white;">
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1–3%
</span>
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<li>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<span class="legend nowrap">
<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#c80200; color:white;">
</span>
0.3–1%
</span>
</li>
<li>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<span class="legend nowrap">
<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ee7070; color:black;">
</span>
0.1–0.3%
</span>
</li>
<li>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<span class="legend nowrap">
<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffc0c0; color:black;">
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0.03–0.1%
</span>
</li>
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<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<span class="legend nowrap">
<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffdfe0; color:black;">
</span>
0–0.03%
</span>
</li>
<li>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<span class="legend nowrap">
<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#e0e0e0; color:black;">
</span>
None or no data
</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="infobox-label" scope="row">
Disease
</th>
<td class="infobox-data">
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">
Coronavirus disease 2019
</a>
(COVID-19)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="infobox-label" scope="row">
Virus strain
</th>
<td class="infobox-data">
<a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
<br/>
coronavirus 2
</a>
(SARS‑CoV‑2)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="infobox-label" scope="row">
Source
</th>
<td class="infobox-data">
Bats,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1">
<a href="#cite_note-1">
[1]
</a>
</sup>
likely indirectly
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-who-origins-20210330_2-0">
<a href="#cite_note-who-origins-20210330-2">
[2]
</a>
</sup>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="infobox-label" scope="row">
Location
</th>
<td class="infobox-data">
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">
Worldwide
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="infobox-label" scope="row">
<a href="/wiki/Index_case" title="Index case">
Index case
</a>
</th>
<td class="infobox-data">
<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">
Wuhan
</a>
, Hubei, China
<br/>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r994658806">
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<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">
<a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=COVID-19_pandemic&params=30_37_11_N_114_15_28_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-42">
<span class="geo-default">
<span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">
<span class="latitude">
30°37′11″N
</span>
<span class="longitude">
114°15′28″E
</span>
</span>
</span>
<span class="geo-multi-punct">
/
</span>
<span class="geo-nondefault">
<span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">
30.61972°N 114.25778°E
</span>
<span style="display:none">
/
<span class="geo">
30.61972; 114.25778
</span>
</span>
</span>
</a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="infobox-label" scope="row">
Date
</th>
<td class="infobox-data">
17 November 2019
<span style="display:none">
(
<span class="bday dtstart published updated">
2019-11-17
</span>
)
</span>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3">
<a href="#cite_note-3">
[3]
</a>
</sup>
– present
<br/>
(1 year, 11 months and 1 week)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="infobox-label" scope="row">
Confirmed cases
</th>
<td class="infobox-data">
243,226,997
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-0">
<a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">
[4]
</a>
</sup>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="infobox-label" scope="row">
<div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">
Deaths
</div>
</th>
<td class="infobox-data">
4,941,660
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-1">
<a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">
[4]
</a>
</sup>
(reported)
<br/>
9.5–18.6 million (estimated total)
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:7_5-0">
<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">
[5]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_Projections_6-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_Projections-6">
[6]
</a>
</sup>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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Part of
<a href="/wiki/Category:COVID-19_pandemic" title="Category:COVID-19 pandemic">
a series
</a>
on the
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle">
<a class="mw-selflink selflink">
COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="sidebar-image">
<div class="center">
<div class="floatnone">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png" title='Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom.'>
<img alt='Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom.' data-file-height="2048" data-file-width="2048" decoding="async" height="110" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/110px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/165px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/220px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png 2x" width="110"/>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="sidebar-above hlist">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">
COVID-19
</a>
(disease)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">
SARS-CoV-2
</a>
(virus)
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">
Cases
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">
Deaths
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
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<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Timeline
</a>
</div>
<div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<b>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">
2019
</a>
</b>
<br/>
<p>
<b>
2020
</b>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">
January
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">
February
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">
March
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">
April
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">
May
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">
June
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">
July
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">
August
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">
September
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">
October
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">
November
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">
December
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
<b>
2021
</b>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">
January
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">
February
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">
March
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">
April
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">
May
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">
June
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">
July
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">
August
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">
September
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">
October
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;">
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">
Locations
</a>
</div>
<div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<b>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">
By country and territory
</a>
</b>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">
Africa
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">
Antarctica
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">
Asia
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">
Europe
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">
North America
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">
Oceania
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">
South America
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
<b>
By conveyance
</b>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships">
Cruise ships
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships">
Naval ships
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;">
International response
</div>
<div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Evacuations
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">
Face masks
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
International aid
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">
Investigations into origin
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">
Lockdowns
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">
Misinformation
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments" title="COVID-19 misinformation by governments">
By governments
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China" title="COVID-19 misinformation by China">
China
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 misinformation by the United States">
US
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">
Fake treatments
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Protests
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_anti-lockdown_protests_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 anti-lockdown protests in the United States">
US
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation" title="Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">
Software
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Travel restrictions
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic">
United Nations
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic">
World Health Organization
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Waiver_from_certain_provisions_of_the_TRIPS_Agreement_for_the_Prevention,_Containment_and_Treatment_of_COVID-19" title="Waiver from certain provisions of the TRIPS Agreement for the Prevention, Containment and Treatment of COVID-19">
WTO IP waiver
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country" title="Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country">
Undercounting of deaths
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
<b>
<a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">
National responses
</a>
</b>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">
Africa
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Ghana
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">
European Union
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Germany
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">
India
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">
New Zealand
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Nigeria
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Philippines
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Russia
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Sweden
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">
UK
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">
government
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">
US
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">
federal government
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Vietnam
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;">
Medical response
</div>
<div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">
Disease testing
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer" title="Coronavirus breathalyzer">
Breathalyzer
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Development_of_COVID-19_tests" title="Development of COVID-19 tests">
Development
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">
Drug development
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research" title="COVID-19 drug repurposing research">
Drug repurposing
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
<b>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">
Vaccines
</a>
</b>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development" title="History of COVID-19 vaccine development">
History
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research" title="COVID-19 vaccine clinical research">
Research
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination" title="Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination">
VITT
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">
Deployment
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations" title="List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations">
Authorizations
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">
Operation Warp Speed
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy">
Misinformation and hesitancy
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States">
US
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card" title="COVID-19 vaccine card">
Vaccine card
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">
Vaccine passports
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Covaxin" title="Covaxin">
Bharat Biotech
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Convidecia" title="Convidecia">
CanSino
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Janssen COVID-19 vaccine">
Janssen
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">
Moderna
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">
Oxford–AstraZeneca
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">
Pfizer–BioNTech
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine">
Sinopharm
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">
Sinovac
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">
Sputnik V
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ZyCoV-D" title="ZyCoV-D">
Zydus Cadila
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;">
<a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">
Variants
</a>
</div>
<div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant">
Alpha
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant">
Beta
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant">
Gamma
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">
Delta
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant">
Epsilon
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant">
Zeta
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant">
Eta
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant">
Theta
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant">
Iota
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant">
Kappa
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant">
Lambda
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant">
Mu
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">
Cluster 5
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617" title="SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617">
Lineage B.1.617
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Variant_of_concern" title="Variant of concern">
Variant of concern
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;">
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Economic impact
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">
recession
</a>
</div>
<div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage">
Arts and culture
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation">
Aviation
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry">
Cannabis
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema">
Cinema
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">
films
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on The Walt Disney Company">
Disney
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_events_affected_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic">
Events
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry">
Fashion
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Financial markets
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry">
Food industry
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada">
Canadian meat
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States">
US meat
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">
Food security
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">
Journalism
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry">
Music
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts">
Performing arts
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail">
Retail
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_shipping" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on shipping">
Shipping
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports">
Sports
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports in the Republic of Ireland">
Ireland
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Philippine_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Philippine sports">
Philippines
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television">
Television
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States">
US
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">
programs
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">
Tourism
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry">
Video games
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
<b>
By country
</b>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">
Canada
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">
India
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">
Ireland
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">
Malaysia
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">
New Zealand
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">
Russia
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">
UK
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">
US
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;">
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Impacts
</a>
</div>
<div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_animals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on animals">
Animals
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_black_people" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on black people">
Black people
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime">
Crime
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime in the Republic of Ireland">
Ireland
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">
Death rates by country
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities">
Disability
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence">
Domestic violence
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Emergency_evacuation_procedures_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Emergency evacuation procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic">
Emergency evacuations
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">
Education
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana">
Ghana
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Republic of Ireland">
Ireland
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom">
UK
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States">
US
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">
Environment
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">
Hospitals
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Language
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community">
LGBT community
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities">
Long-term care
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">
Mental health
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_COVID-19_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes" title="Impact of COVID-19 on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes">
Symptoms
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_migration" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migration">
Migration
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military">
Military
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">
Notable deaths
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_deaths_in_South_Africa" title="List of COVID-19 deaths in South Africa">
South Africa
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">
Other health issues
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Politics
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland">
Ireland
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia">
Malaysia
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia">
Russia
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Protests
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy" title="COVID-19 in pregnancy">
Pregnancy
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons">
Prisons
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion">
Religion
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">
Catholic Church
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj">
Hajj
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">
Science and technology
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Society
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">
Ireland
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">
Malaysia
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">
New Zealand
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">
Russia
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">
UK
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">
US
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic">
Strikes
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Xenophobia and racism
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="sidebar-below">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_(Wikimedia_colors).svg">
<img alt="SARS-CoV-2 (Wikimedia colors).svg" class="noviewer" data-file-height="666" data-file-width="666" decoding="async" height="16" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/16px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/24px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/32px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 2x" width="16"/>
</a>
<a href="/wiki/Portal:COVID-19" title="Portal:COVID-19">
COVID-19 portal
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="sidebar-navbar">
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r992953826">
.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}
</style>
<div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini">
<ul>
<li class="nv-view">
<a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar">
<abbr style=";text-decoration:inherit;" title="View this template">
v
</abbr>
</a>
</li>
<li class="nv-talk">
<a href="/wiki/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar" title="Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar">
<abbr style=";text-decoration:inherit;" title="Discuss this template">
t
</abbr>
</a>
</li>
<li class="nv-edit">
<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar&action=edit">
<abbr style=";text-decoration:inherit;" title="Edit this template">
e
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</a>
</li>
</ul>
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</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
The
<b>
COVID-19 pandemic
</b>
, also known as the
<b>
coronavirus pandemic
</b>
, is an ongoing global
<a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">
pandemic
</a>
of
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">
coronavirus disease 2019
</a>
(COVID-19) caused by
<a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
</a>
(SARS-CoV-2). The
<a href="/wiki/Novel_virus" title="Novel virus">
novel virus
</a>
was first identified in the Chinese city of
<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">
Wuhan
</a>
in December 2019; a
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_China" title="COVID-19 lockdown in China">
lockdown in Wuhan
</a>
and other cities in surrounding
<a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">
Hubei
</a>
failed to contain the outbreak, and it quickly spread to
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">
other parts of mainland China
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">
around the world
</a>
. The
<a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">
World Health Organization
</a>
(WHO) declared a
<a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Emergency_of_International_Concern" title="Public Health Emergency of International Concern">
Public Health Emergency of International Concern
</a>
on 30 January 2020, and a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Multiple
<a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">
variants of the virus
</a>
have emerged and become dominant in many countries since 2021, with the
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant">
Alpha
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant">
Beta
</a>
, and
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">
Delta
</a>
variants being the most
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Virulent" title="Virulent">
virulent
</a>
. As of 23 October 2021,
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">
more than 243
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
million cases
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">
4.94
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
million deaths
</a>
have been confirmed, making it one of the
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Deadliest_pandemics_in_history" title="Deadliest pandemics in history">
deadliest pandemics in history
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/COVID-19_symptoms" title="COVID-19 symptoms">
COVID-19 symptoms
</a>
range from
<a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic" title="Asymptomatic">
none
</a>
to life-threatening. Severe illness is more likely in elderly patients and those with certain underlying medical conditions.
<a href="/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19" title="Transmission of COVID-19">
Transmission of COVID-19
</a>
occurs when people breathe in air contaminated by droplets and small
<a href="/wiki/Airborne_transmission" title="Airborne transmission">
airborne
</a>
particles. The risk of breathing these in is highest when people are in close proximity, but the virus can transmit over longer distances, particularly indoors and in poorly ventilated areas. Transmission can also occur, rarely, via contaminated surfaces or fluids. People remain contagious for up to 20 days, and can spread the virus even if they do not develop symptoms.
</p>
<p>
Several vaccines have been
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">
approved and distributed
</a>
in various countries, which have initiated
<a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">
mass vaccination campaigns
</a>
since December 2020. Other recommended
<a href="/wiki/Preventive_healthcare" title="Preventive healthcare">
preventive measures
</a>
include
<a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
social distancing
</a>
, wearing
<a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">
face masks
</a>
in public, ventilation and air-filtering,
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Respiratory_etiquette" title="Respiratory etiquette">
covering one's mouth when sneezing or coughing
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Hand_washing" title="Hand washing">
hand washing
</a>
, disinfecting surfaces, and
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Self-isolation" title="Self-isolation">
quarantining
</a>
people who have been exposed or are symptomatic.
<a href="/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19" title="Treatment and management of COVID-19">
Treatments
</a>
focus on addressing symptoms, but work is underway to
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">
develop medications
</a>
that inhibit the virus. Authorities worldwide
<a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">
have responded
</a>
by implementing
<a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
travel restrictions
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">
lockdowns
</a>
, business closures,
<a href="/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19" title="Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19">
workplace hazard controls
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">
testing
</a>
protocols, and systems for
<a href="/wiki/Contact_tracing" title="Contact tracing">
tracing contacts
</a>
of the infected.
</p>
<p>
The pandemic has resulted in severe
<a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
social
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
economic disruption
</a>
around the world, including
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">
the largest global recession
</a>
since the
<a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">
Great Depression
</a>
in the 1930s.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RFXoH_7-0">
<a href="#cite_note-RFXoH-7">
[7]
</a>
</sup>
It has led to
<a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
widespread supply shortages
</a>
exacerbated by
<a href="/wiki/Panic_buying" title="Panic buying">
panic buying
</a>
, agricultural disruption, and
<a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">
food shortages
</a>
. The resultant near-global sustained quarantine saw an
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">
unprecedented decrease in the emission of pollutants
</a>
. Numerous
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">
educational institutions
</a>
and public areas have been partially or fully closed, and many
<a href="/wiki/List_of_events_affected_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic">
events have been cancelled or postponed
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">
Misinformation has circulated
</a>
through
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">
social media
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">
mass media
</a>
, and
<a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
political tensions have been exacerbated
</a>
. The pandemic has raised issues of
<a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
racial and geographic discrimination
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Health_equity" title="Health equity">
health equity
</a>
, and
<a href="/wiki/Individual_and_group_rights" title="Individual and group rights">
the balance
</a>
between public health imperatives and individual rights.
</p>
<div aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading" class="toc" id="toc" role="navigation">
<input class="toctogglecheckbox" id="toctogglecheckbox" role="button" style="display:none" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="toctitle" dir="ltr" lang="en">
<h2 id="mw-toc-heading">
Contents
</h2>
<span class="toctogglespan">
<label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox">
</label>
</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1">
<a href="#Naming">
<span class="tocnumber">
1
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Naming
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2">
<a href="#Epidemiology">
<span class="tocnumber">
2
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Epidemiology
</span>
</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3">
<a href="#Background">
<span class="tocnumber">
2.1
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Background
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4">
<a href="#Cases">
<span class="tocnumber">
2.2
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Cases
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5">
<a href="#Deaths">
<span class="tocnumber">
2.3
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Deaths
</span>
</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6">
<a href="#Reporting">
<span class="tocnumber">
2.3.1
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Reporting
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7">
<a href="#Infection_fatality_ratio_(IFR)">
<span class="tocnumber">
2.3.2
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Infection fatality ratio (IFR)
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8">
<a href="#Case_fatality_ratio_(CFR)">
<span class="tocnumber">
2.3.3
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Case fatality ratio (CFR)
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9">
<a href="#Disease">
<span class="tocnumber">
3
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Disease
</span>
</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10">
<a href="#Signs_and_symptoms">
<span class="tocnumber">
3.1
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Signs and symptoms
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11">
<a href="#Transmission">
<span class="tocnumber">
3.2
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Transmission
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12">
<a href="#Cause">
<span class="tocnumber">
3.3
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Cause
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13">
<a href="#Diagnosis">
<span class="tocnumber">
3.4
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Diagnosis
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14">
<a href="#Prevention">
<span class="tocnumber">
3.5
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Prevention
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15">
<a href="#Vaccines">
<span class="tocnumber">
3.6
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Vaccines
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16">
<a href="#Treatment">
<span class="tocnumber">
3.7
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Treatment
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17">
<a href="#Variants">
<span class="tocnumber">
3.8
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Variants
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18">
<a href="#Prognosis">
<span class="tocnumber">
3.9
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Prognosis
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19">
<a href="#Mitigation">
<span class="tocnumber">
4
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Mitigation
</span>
</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20">
<a href="#Screening,_containment_and_mitigation">
<span class="tocnumber">
4.1
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Screening, containment and mitigation
</span>
</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21">
<a href="#Contact_tracing">
<span class="tocnumber">
4.1.1
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Contact tracing
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22">
<a href="#Health_care">
<span class="tocnumber">
4.2
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Health care
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23">
<a href="#History">
<span class="tocnumber">
5
</span>
<span class="toctext">
History
</span>
</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24">
<a href="#2019">
<span class="tocnumber">
5.1
</span>
<span class="toctext">
2019
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25">
<a href="#2020">
<span class="tocnumber">
5.2
</span>
<span class="toctext">
2020
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26">
<a href="#2021">
<span class="tocnumber">
5.3
</span>
<span class="toctext">
2021
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27">
<a href="#National_responses">
<span class="tocnumber">
6
</span>
<span class="toctext">
National responses
</span>
</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28">
<a href="#Asia">
<span class="tocnumber">
6.1
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Asia
</span>
</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29">
<a href="#China">
<span class="tocnumber">
6.1.1
</span>
<span class="toctext">
China
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30">
<a href="#India">
<span class="tocnumber">
6.1.2
</span>
<span class="toctext">
India
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31">
<a href="#Iran">
<span class="tocnumber">
6.1.3
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Iran
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32">
<a href="#South_Korea">
<span class="tocnumber">
6.1.4
</span>
<span class="toctext">
South Korea
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33">
<a href="#Europe">
<span class="tocnumber">
6.2
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Europe
</span>
</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34">
<a href="#France">
<span class="tocnumber">
6.2.1
</span>
<span class="toctext">
France
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35">
<a href="#Italy">
<span class="tocnumber">
6.2.2
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Italy
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36">
<a href="#Spain">
<span class="tocnumber">
6.2.3
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Spain
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-37">
<a href="#Sweden">
<span class="tocnumber">
6.2.4
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Sweden
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-38">
<a href="#United_Kingdom">
<span class="tocnumber">
6.2.5
</span>
<span class="toctext">
United Kingdom
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39">
<a href="#North_America">
<span class="tocnumber">
6.3
</span>
<span class="toctext">
North America
</span>
</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-40">
<a href="#United_States">
<span class="tocnumber">
6.3.1
</span>
<span class="toctext">
United States
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41">
<a href="#South_America">
<span class="tocnumber">
6.4
</span>
<span class="toctext">
South America
</span>
</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-42">
<a href="#Brazil">
<span class="tocnumber">
6.4.1
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Brazil
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43">
<a href="#Africa">
<span class="tocnumber">
6.5
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Africa
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44">
<a href="#Oceania">
<span class="tocnumber">
6.6
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Oceania
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45">
<a href="#Antarctica">
<span class="tocnumber">
6.7
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Antarctica
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46">
<a href="#International_responses">
<span class="tocnumber">
7
</span>
<span class="toctext">
International responses
</span>
</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47">
<a href="#Travel_restrictions">
<span class="tocnumber">
7.1
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Travel restrictions
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48">
<a href="#Evacuation_of_foreign_citizens">
<span class="tocnumber">
7.2
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Evacuation of foreign citizens
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49">
<a href="#United_Nations_response_measures">
<span class="tocnumber">
7.3
</span>
<span class="toctext">
United Nations response measures
</span>
</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-50">
<a href="#WHO_response_measures">
<span class="tocnumber">
7.3.1
</span>
<span class="toctext">
WHO response measures
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-51">
<a href="#Protests_against_governmental_measures">
<span class="tocnumber">
7.4
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Protests against governmental measures
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-52">
<a href="#Impact">
<span class="tocnumber">
8
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Impact
</span>
</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53">
<a href="#Economics">
<span class="tocnumber">
8.1
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Economics
</span>
</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-54">
<a href="#Supply_shortages">
<span class="tocnumber">
8.1.1
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Supply shortages
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-55">
<a href="#Oil_and_other_energy_markets">
<span class="tocnumber">
8.1.2
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Oil and other energy markets
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-56">
<a href="#Culture">
<span class="tocnumber">
8.2
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Culture
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-57">
<a href="#Politics">
<span class="tocnumber">
8.3
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Politics
</span>
</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-58">
<a href="#China_2">
<span class="tocnumber">
8.3.1
</span>
<span class="toctext">
China
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-59">
<a href="#Italy_2">
<span class="tocnumber">
8.3.2
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Italy
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-60">
<a href="#United_States_2">
<span class="tocnumber">
8.3.3
</span>
<span class="toctext">
United States
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-61">
<a href="#Other_countries">
<span class="tocnumber">
8.3.4
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Other countries
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-62">
<a href="#Agriculture_and_food_systems">
<span class="tocnumber">
8.4
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Agriculture and food systems
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-63">
<a href="#Education">
<span class="tocnumber">
8.5
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Education
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-64">
<a href="#Other_health_issues">
<span class="tocnumber">
8.6
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Other health issues
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-65">
<a href="#Environment_and_climate">
<span class="tocnumber">
8.7
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Environment and climate
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-66">
<a href="#Discrimination_and_prejudice">
<span class="tocnumber">
8.8
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Discrimination and prejudice
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-67">
<a href="#Lifestyle_changes">
<span class="tocnumber">
8.9
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Lifestyle changes
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-68">
<a href="#Information_dissemination">
<span class="tocnumber">
9
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Information dissemination
</span>
</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-69">
<a href="#Misinformation">
<span class="tocnumber">
9.1
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Misinformation
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-70">
<a href="#See_also">
<span class="tocnumber">
10
</span>
<span class="toctext">
See also
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-71">
<a href="#Notes">
<span class="tocnumber">
11
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Notes
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-72">
<a href="#References">
<span class="tocnumber">
12
</span>
<span class="toctext">
References
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-73">
<a href="#Further_reading">
<span class="tocnumber">
13
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Further reading
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-74">
<a href="#External_links">
<span class="tocnumber">
14
</span>
<span class="toctext">
External links
</span>
</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-75">
<a href="#Health_agencies">
<span class="tocnumber">
14.1
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Health agencies
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-76">
<a href="#Directories">
<span class="tocnumber">
14.2
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Directories
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-77">
<a href="#Data_and_graphs">
<span class="tocnumber">
14.3
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Data and graphs
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-78">
<a href="#Medical_journals">
<span class="tocnumber">
14.4
</span>
<span class="toctext">
Medical journals
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Naming">
Naming
</span>
</h2>
<p>
The pandemic is known by several names. It is often referred to as its colloquial name, "the coronavirus pandemic",
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8">
<a href="#cite_note-8">
[8]
</a>
</sup>
despite the existence of other
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Human_coronaviruses" title="Human coronaviruses">
human coronaviruses
</a>
that have caused epidemics and outbreaks (e.g.
<a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002–2004 SARS outbreak">
SARS
</a>
).
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9">
<a href="#cite_note-9">
[9]
</a>
</sup>
Before it was declared a pandemic, it was known as "the coronavirus outbreak" and "Wuhan coronavirus outbreak".
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10">
<a href="#cite_note-10">
[10]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
During
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei">
the initial outbreak
</a>
in
<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">
Wuhan
</a>
, the virus and disease were commonly referred to as "coronavirus" and "Wuhan coronavirus",
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11">
<a href="#cite_note-11">
[11]
</a>
</sup>
with the disease sometimes called "Wuhan pneumonia".
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12">
<a href="#cite_note-12">
[12]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13">
<a href="#cite_note-13">
[13]
</a>
</sup>
In January 2020, the WHO recommended 2019-nCoV
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14">
<a href="#cite_note-14">
[14]
</a>
</sup>
and 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15">
<a href="#cite_note-15">
[15]
</a>
</sup>
as interim names for the virus and disease per 2015 guidance and international guidelines against using geographical locations (e.g. Wuhan, China), animal species, or groups of people in disease and virus names in part to prevent
<a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">
social stigma
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16">
<a href="#cite_note-16">
[16]
</a>
</sup>
The official names COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 were issued by the WHO on 11 February 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO-naming_17-0">
<a href="#cite_note-WHO-naming-17">
[17]
</a>
</sup>
<a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom" title="Tedros Adhanom">
Tedros Adhanom
</a>
explained: CO
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
for
<i>
corona
</i>
, VI
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
for
<i>
virus
</i>
, D
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
for
<i>
disease
</i>
and 19 for when the outbreak was first identified (31 December 2019).
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18">
<a href="#cite_note-18">
[18]
</a>
</sup>
The WHO additionally uses "the COVID-19 virus" and "the virus responsible for COVID-19" in public communications.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO-naming_17-1">
<a href="#cite_note-WHO-naming-17">
[17]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
The
<a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">
variants of the virus
</a>
are also known by several names. Before being given official names by the WHO, they were commonly named after where the variants were found (e.g. Delta variant was known as the Indian variant),
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19">
<a href="#cite_note-19">
[19]
</a>
</sup>
and are also known colloquially as "variants of concern".
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20">
<a href="#cite_note-20">
[20]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21">
<a href="#cite_note-21">
[21]
</a>
</sup>
At the end of May 2021, the WHO assigned labels to all the variants after introducing a new policy of using
<a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">
Greek letters
</a>
for variants of concern and variants of interest.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC.May.31.2021_22-0">
<a href="#cite_note-BBC.May.31.2021-22">
[22]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Epidemiology">
Epidemiology
</span>
</h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1048617464" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<table class="infobox">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="infobox-subheader" colspan="2">
For country-level
<a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data">
data
</a>
, see:
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="infobox-subheader" colspan="2">
<div style="padding:3px 0; font-size:larger;">
<b>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">
COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory
</a>
</b>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="infobox-image" colspan="2">
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country" title="732-bar-chart">
<img alt="732-bar-chart" data-file-height="512" data-file-width="512" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/732-bar-chart.svg/80px-732-bar-chart.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/732-bar-chart.svg/120px-732-bar-chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/732-bar-chart.svg/160px-732-bar-chart.svg.png 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align:center">
<td class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2">
<div style="display:inline-block;margin: 0 5px 10px">
<b>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">
Cases
</a>
</b>
<br/>
<span style="font-size:1.2em;">
243,226,997
</span>
</div>
<div style="display:inline-block;margin: 0 5px 10px">
<b>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">
Deaths
</a>
</b>
<br/>
<span style="font-size:1.2em;">
4,941,660
</span>
</div>
<div>
As of 23 October 2021
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-2">
<a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">
[4]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
<div class="hlist nowraplinks" style="margin:5px 10px 5px;font-weight:bold;">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">
Africa
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">
Asia
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">
Europe
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">
North America
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">
Oceania
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">
South America
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">
Antarctica
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Background">
Background
</span>
</h3>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">
.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}
</style>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main articles:
<a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">
Investigations into the origin of COVID-19
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei">
COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei
</a>
</div>
<p>
Although the exact origin of the virus is still unknown,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23">
<a href="#cite_note-23">
[23]
</a>
</sup>
the first
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Outbreak" title="Outbreak">
outbreak
</a>
started in
<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">
Wuhan
</a>
, Hubei, China, in November 2019. Many early cases of COVID-19 were linked to people who had visited the
<a href="/wiki/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market" title="Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market">
Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market
</a>
in Wuhan,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41UYw_24-0">
<a href="#cite_note-41UYw-24">
[24]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25">
<a href="#cite_note-25">
[25]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:5_26-0">
<a href="#cite_note-:5-26">
[26]
</a>
</sup>
but it is possible that human-to-human transmission was already happening before this.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hu2020natureReviews_27-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Hu2020natureReviews-27">
[27]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Graham2020immunity_28-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Graham2020immunity-28">
[28]
</a>
</sup>
On 11 February 2020, the
<a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">
World Health Organization
</a>
(WHO) named the disease "
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">
COVID-19
</a>
", which is short for "coronavirus disease 2019".
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TLY19_29-0">
<a href="#cite_note-TLY19-29">
[29]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cD8mY_30-0">
<a href="#cite_note-cD8mY-30">
[30]
</a>
</sup>
The virus that caused the outbreak is known as
<a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
</a>
(SARS-CoV-2), a newly discovered virus closely related to
<a href="/wiki/Bat_virome#Coronaviruses" title="Bat virome">
bat coronaviruses
</a>
,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-LancetNowcasting_31-0">
<a href="#cite_note-LancetNowcasting-31">
[31]
</a>
</sup>
<a href="/wiki/Pangolin" title="Pangolin">
pangolin
</a>
coronaviruses,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ia56U_32-0">
<a href="#cite_note-ia56U-32">
[32]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Zhang6April2020_33-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Zhang6April2020-33">
[33]
</a>
</sup>
and
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus">
SARS-CoV
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ECDC_risk_assessment_34-0">
<a href="#cite_note-ECDC_risk_assessment-34">
[34]
</a>
</sup>
The scientific consensus is that the virus is most likely of
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Zoonotic" title="Zoonotic">
zoonotic
</a>
origin, from bats or another closely-related mammal.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hu2020natureReviews_27-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Hu2020natureReviews-27">
[27]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35">
<a href="#cite_note-35">
[35]
</a>
</sup>
Despite this, the subject has generated extensive speculation and conspiracy theories,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36">
<a href="#cite_note-36">
[36]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Graham2020immunity_28-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Graham2020immunity-28">
[28]
</a>
</sup>
which were amplified by rapidly growing online
<a href="/wiki/Echo_chamber_(media)" title="Echo chamber (media)">
echo chambers
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37">
<a href="#cite_note-37">
[37]
</a>
</sup>
Global geopolitical divisions, notably between the United States and China, have been heightened because of this issue.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38">
<a href="#cite_note-38">
[38]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
The earliest known person with symptoms was later discovered to have fallen ill on 1
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
December 2019, and that person did not have visible connections with the later
<a href="/wiki/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market#Link_to_COVID-19" title="Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market">
wet market
</a>
cluster.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-67_39-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-67-39">
[39]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wang24Jan2020_40-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Wang24Jan2020-40">
[40]
</a>
</sup>
However, an earlier case of infection could have occurred on 17 November.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-November_case_41-0">
<a href="#cite_note-November_case-41">
[41]
</a>
</sup>
Of the early cluster of cases reported that month, two-thirds were found to have a link with the market.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Huang24Jan2020_42-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Huang24Jan2020-42">
[42]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Joseph24Jan2020_43-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Joseph24Jan2020-43">
[43]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-han24Jan2020_44-0">
<a href="#cite_note-han24Jan2020-44">
[44]
</a>
</sup>
<a href="/wiki/Molecular_clock" title="Molecular clock">
Molecular clock
</a>
analysis suggests that the
<a href="/wiki/Index_case" title="Index case">
index case
</a>
is likely to have been infected with the virus between mid-October and mid-November 2019.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45">
<a href="#cite_note-45">
[45]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46">
<a href="#cite_note-46">
[46]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Cases">
Cases
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main articles:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">
COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">
COVID-19 pandemic cases
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1500" data-file-width="2921" decoding="async" height="180" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg/350px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg/525px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg/700px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg.png 2x" width="350"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Cumulative confirmed cases by country, as of 25 August 2021
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1022511316">
.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key-wide{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key-narrow{column-count:1}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key>ol{margin-left:1.3em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key>ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}
</style>
<div class="plainlist image-key">
<ul>
<li>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="legend">
<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#290000; color:white;">
</span>
10,000,000+
</div>
</li>
<li>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="legend">
<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#510000; color:white;">
</span>
1,000,000–9,999,999
</div>
</li>
<li>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="legend">
<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#900000; color:white;">
</span>
100,000–999,999
</div>
</li>
<li>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="legend">
<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#c80200; color:white;">
</span>
10,000–99,999
</div>
</li>
<li>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="legend">
<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ee7070; color:black;">
</span>
1,000–9,999
</div>
</li>
<li>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="legend">
<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffc0c0; color:black;">
</span>
100–999
</div>
</li>
<li>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="legend">
<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffdfe0; color:black;">
</span>
1–99
</div>
</li>
<li>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="legend">
<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#e0e0e0; color:black;">
</span>
0
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Official case counts refer to the number of people who have been
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">
tested for COVID-19
</a>
and whose test has been confirmed positive according to official protocols.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1ceLG_47-0">
<a href="#cite_note-1ceLG-47">
[47]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-J0rix_48-0">
<a href="#cite_note-J0rix-48">
[48]
</a>
</sup>
Many countries, early on, had official policies to not test those with only mild symptoms.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-elpais640000_49-0">
<a href="#cite_note-elpais640000-49">
[49]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200313reuters_50-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200313reuters-50">
[50]
</a>
</sup>
An analysis of the early phase of the outbreak up to 23 January estimated 86 percent of COVID-19 infections had not been detected, and that these undocumented infections were the source for 79 percent of documented cases.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Li_eabb3221_51-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Li_eabb3221-51">
[51]
</a>
</sup>
Several other studies, using a variety of methods, have estimated that numbers of infections in many countries are likely to be considerably greater than the reported cases.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WqXOo_52-0">
<a href="#cite_note-WqXOo-52">
[52]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BtFLV_53-0">
<a href="#cite_note-BtFLV-53">
[53]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 9 April 2020,
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Case-Cluster-Study" title="COVID-19 Case-Cluster-Study">
preliminary results
</a>
found that 15 percent of people tested in
<a href="/wiki/Gangelt" title="Gangelt">
Gangelt
</a>
, the centre of a major infection cluster in Germany, tested positive for
<a href="/wiki/Antibody" title="Antibody">
antibodies
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-otW1O_54-0">
<a href="#cite_note-otW1O-54">
[54]
</a>
</sup>
Screening for COVID-19 in pregnant women in New York City, and
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Blood_donor" title="Blood donor">
blood donors
</a>
in the Netherlands, has also found rates of positive antibody tests that may indicate more infections than reported.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rCdvL_55-0">
<a href="#cite_note-rCdvL-55">
[55]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200416reuters_56-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200416reuters-56">
[56]
</a>
</sup>
Seroprevalence based estimates are conservative as some studies show that persons with mild symptoms do not have detectable antibodies.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0LgFK_57-0">
<a href="#cite_note-0LgFK-57">
[57]
</a>
</sup>
Some results (such as the Gangelt study) have received substantial press coverage without first passing through peer review.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dSUxs_58-0">
<a href="#cite_note-dSUxs-58">
[58]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
An analysis in early 2020 of cases by age in China indicated that a relatively low proportion of cases occurred in individuals under 20.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-statista1095024_59-0">
<a href="#cite_note-statista1095024-59">
[59]
</a>
</sup>
It was not clear whether this was because young people were less likely to be infected, or less likely to develop serious symptoms and seek medical attention and be tested.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vox21190033_60-0">
<a href="#cite_note-vox21190033-60">
[60]
</a>
</sup>
A retrospective
<a href="/wiki/Cohort_study" title="Cohort study">
cohort study
</a>
in China found that
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children">
children
</a>
and adults were just as likely to be infected.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-489Q3_61-0">
<a href="#cite_note-489Q3-61">
[61]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
Initial estimates of the
<a href="/wiki/Basic_reproduction_number" title="Basic reproduction number">
basic reproduction number
</a>
(R
<sub>
0
</sub>
) for COVID-19 in January were between 1.4 and 2.5,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WFNfK_62-0">
<a href="#cite_note-WFNfK-62">
[62]
</a>
</sup>
but a subsequent analysis concluded that it may be about 5.7 (with a 95 percent
<a href="/wiki/Confidence_interval" title="Confidence interval">
confidence interval
</a>
of 3.8 to 8.9).
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mmCQc_63-0">
<a href="#cite_note-mmCQc-63">
[63]
</a>
</sup>
R
<sub>
0
</sub>
can vary across populations and is not to be confused with the
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Effective_reproduction_number" title="Effective reproduction number">
effective reproduction number
</a>
(commonly just called R), which takes into account effects such as social distancing and
<a href="/wiki/Herd_immunity" title="Herd immunity">
herd immunity
</a>
. By mid-May 2020, the effective R was close to or below 1.0 in many countries, meaning the spread of the disease in these areas at that time was stable or decreasing.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200508telegraph_64-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200508telegraph-64">
[64]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<div style="clear:both;">
</div>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 332.66666666667px">
<div style="width: 332.66666666667px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 330.66666666667px;">
<div style="margin:0px auto;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png">
<img alt="" data-file-height="622" data-file-width="935" decoding="async" height="220" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/496px-Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/744px-Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png 2x" width="331"/>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>
Semi-log plot of weekly new cases of COVID-19 in the world and the current top six countries (mean with deaths)
</p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310px">
<div style="width: 310px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 308px;">
<div style="margin:0px auto;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png">
<img alt="" data-file-height="565" data-file-width="791" decoding="async" height="220" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png/462px-Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png/693px-Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png 2x" width="308"/>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>
COVID-19 total cases per 100 000 population from selected countries
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ECDC_65-0">
<a href="#cite_note-ECDC-65">
[65]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310px">
<div style="width: 310px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 308px;">
<div style="margin:0px auto;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png">
<img alt="" data-file-height="565" data-file-width="791" decoding="async" height="220" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png/462px-COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png/693px-COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png 2x" width="308"/>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>
COVID-19 active cases per 100 000 population from selected countries
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ECDC_65-1">
<a href="#cite_note-ECDC-65">
[65]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Deaths">
Deaths
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main articles:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">
COVID-19 pandemic deaths
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">
COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country
</a>
</div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Further information:
<a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">
List of deaths due to COVID-19
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2250" data-file-width="3000" decoding="async" height="165" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg/220px-COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg/330px-COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg/440px-COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Deceased in a refrigerated "mobile morgue" outside a hospital in
<a href="/wiki/Hackensack,_New_Jersey" title="Hackensack, New Jersey">
Hackensack, New Jersey
</a>
, U.S.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Official deaths from COVID-19 generally refer to people who died after testing positive according to protocols. These counts may ignore deaths of people who die without having been tested.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200331reuters_66-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200331reuters-66">
[66]
</a>
</sup>
Conversely, deaths of people who had underlying conditions may lead to over-counting.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-stuff120443722_67-0">
<a href="#cite_note-stuff120443722-67">
[67]
</a>
</sup>
Comparisons of statistics for deaths for all causes versus the seasonal average indicate excess mortality in many countries.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wu_2020_68-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Wu_2020-68">
[68]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-gR8g3_69-0">
<a href="#cite_note-gR8g3-69">
[69]
</a>
</sup>
This may include deaths due to strained healthcare systems and bans on
<a href="/wiki/Elective_surgery" title="Elective surgery">
elective surgery
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200429reason_70-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200429reason-70">
[70]
</a>
</sup>
The first confirmed death was in Wuhan on 9 January 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-25_71-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-25-71">
[71]
</a>
</sup>
Nevertheless, the first reported death outside of China occurred on
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
1 February 2020 in the Philippines,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT2020PhilDeath_72-0">
<a href="#cite_note-NYT2020PhilDeath-72">
[72]
</a>
</sup>
and the first reported death outside Asia was in the United States on 6 February 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FpBPA_73-0">
<a href="#cite_note-FpBPA-73">
[73]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
More than 95 per cent of the people who contract COVID-19 recover. Otherwise, the time between symptoms onset and death usually ranges from
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
6 to 41 days, typically about 14 days.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pathogenesis_74-0">
<a href="#cite_note-pathogenesis-74">
[74]
</a>
</sup>
As of 23 October 2021, more than 4.94
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
million
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-3">
<a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">
[4]
</a>
</sup>
deaths have been attributed to COVID-19. People at the greatest risk of mortality from COVID-19 tend to be those with underlying conditions, such as those with a
<a href="/wiki/Immunodeficiency" title="Immunodeficiency">
weakened immune system
</a>
, serious heart or lung problems, severe
<a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">
obesity
</a>
, or the elderly (including individuals age 65 years or older).
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-75">
<a href="#cite_note-75">
[75]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6XONR_76-0">
<a href="#cite_note-6XONR-76">
[76]
</a>
</sup>
The strongest risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness are obesity,
<a href="/wiki/Complications_of_diabetes" title="Complications of diabetes">
complications of diabetes
</a>
, and anxiety disorders.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-77">
<a href="#cite_note-77">
[77]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
Multiple measures are used to quantify mortality.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wBm2a_78-0">
<a href="#cite_note-wBm2a-78">
[78]
</a>
</sup>
These numbers vary by region and over time, influenced by testing volume, healthcare system quality, treatment options, government response,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-79">
<a href="#cite_note-79">
[79]
</a>
</sup>
time since the initial outbreak, and population characteristics, such as age, sex, and overall health.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-worldindata_80-0">
<a href="#cite_note-worldindata-80">
[80]
</a>
</sup>
Countries like Belgium include deaths from suspected cases of COVID-19, regardless of whether the person was tested, resulting in higher numbers compared to countries that include only test-confirmed cases.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-npr841005901_81-0">
<a href="#cite_note-npr841005901-81">
[81]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
The death-to-case ratio reflects the number of deaths attributed to COVID-19 divided by the number of diagnosed cases within a given time interval. Based on Johns Hopkins University statistics, the global death-to-case ratio is
<span data-sort-value="7000203170703127169♠" style="display:none">
</span>
2.03 percent (4,941,660 deaths for 243,226,997 cases) as of 23 October 2021.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-4">
<a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">
[4]
</a>
</sup>
The number varies by region.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-b0L7I_82-0">
<a href="#cite_note-b0L7I-82">
[82]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 354px">
<div style="width: 354px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 352px;">
<div style="margin:0px auto;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png">
<img alt="" data-file-height="590" data-file-width="944" decoding="async" height="220" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/528px-Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/792px-Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png 2x" width="352"/>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>
Semi-log plot of weekly deaths due to COVID-19 in the world and top six current countries (mean with cases)
</p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310px">
<div style="width: 310px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 308px;">
<div style="margin:0px auto;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_deaths_per_100,000_population.png">
<img alt="" data-file-height="565" data-file-width="791" decoding="async" height="220" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png/462px-COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png/693px-COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png 2x" width="308"/>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>
COVID-19 deaths per 100 000 population from selected countries
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ECDC_65-2">
<a href="#cite_note-ECDC-65">
[65]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
The official death counts have been criticised for underreporting the actual death toll, because comparisons of death rates before and during the pandemic show an increase in deaths that is not explained by COVID-19 deaths alone.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:7_5-1">
<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">
[5]
</a>
</sup>
Using such data, estimates of the true number of deaths from COVID-19 worldwide have included a range from 9.5 to 18.6 million by
<i>
<a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">
The Economist
</a>
</i>
, as well as over 10.3 million by the
<a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Health_Metrics_and_Evaluation" title="Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation">
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:7_5-2">
<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">
[5]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_Projections_6-1">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_Projections-6">
[6]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Reporting">
Reporting
</span>
</h4>
<p>
On 24 March 2020, the
<a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
</a>
(CDC) of the United States, indicated the WHO had provided two codes for COVID-19: U07.1 when confirmed by laboratory testing and U07.2 for clinically or epidemiological diagnosis where laboratory confirmation is inconclusive or not available.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MsVEW_83-0">
<a href="#cite_note-MsVEW-83">
[83]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-84">
<a href="#cite_note-84">
[84]
</a>
</sup>
The CDC noted that "Because laboratory test results are not typically reported on death certificates in the US, [the
<a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Health_Statistics" title="National Center for Health Statistics">
National Center for Health Statistics
</a>
(NCHS)] is not planning to implement U07.2 for mortality statistics" and that U07.1 would be used "If the death certificate reports terms such as 'probable COVID-19' or 'likely COVID-19'." The CDC also noted "It Is not likely that NCHS will follow up on these cases" and while the "underlying cause depends upon what and where conditions are reported on the death certificate, ... the rules for coding and selection of the ... cause of death are expected to result in COVID–19 being the underlying cause more often than not."
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MsVEW_83-1">
<a href="#cite_note-MsVEW-83">
[83]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 16 April 2020, the WHO, in its formal publication of the two codes, U07.1 and U07.2, "recognized that in many countries detail as to the laboratory confirmation ... will not be reported [and] recommended, for mortality purposes only, to code COVID-19 provisionally to code U07.1 unless it is stated as 'probable' or 'suspected'."
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-d3wei_85-0">
<a href="#cite_note-d3wei-85">
[85]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5aSHW_86-0">
<a href="#cite_note-5aSHW-86">
[86]
</a>
</sup>
It was also noted that the WHO "does not distinguish" between infection by SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hauser_2020_87-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Hauser_2020-87">
[87]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h4>
<span id="Infection_fatality_ratio_.28IFR.29">
</span>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Infection_fatality_ratio_(IFR)">
Infection fatality ratio (IFR)
</span>
</h4>
<table class="wikitable floatright">
<caption>
<span class="nowrap">
IFR estimate per age group
</span>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EJE_levinetal_88-0">
<a href="#cite_note-EJE_levinetal-88">
[88]
</a>
</sup>
</caption>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Age group
</th>
<th>
IFR
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
0–34
</td>
<td>
0.004%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
35–44
</td>
<td>
0.068%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
45–54
</td>
<td>
0.23%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
55–64
</td>
<td>
0.75%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
65–74
</td>
<td>
2.5%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
75–84
</td>
<td>
8.5%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
85 +
</td>
<td>
28.3%
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
A crucial metric in assessing the severity of a disease is the
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Infection_fatality_rate" title="Infection fatality rate">
infection fatality ratio
</a>
(IFR), which is the cumulative number of deaths attributed to the disease divided by the cumulative number of infected individuals (including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections) as measured or estimated as of a specific date.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-fjMw6_89-0">
<a href="#cite_note-fjMw6-89">
[89]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHOest_90-0">
<a href="#cite_note-WHOest-90">
[90]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ovoEx_91-0">
<a href="#cite_note-ovoEx-91">
[91]
</a>
</sup>
Epidemiologists frequently refer to this metric as the 'infection fatality rate' to clarify that it is expressed in percentage points (not as a decimal).
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-92">
<a href="#cite_note-92">
[92]
</a>
</sup>
Other published studies refer to this metric as the 'infection fatality risk'.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-93">
<a href="#cite_note-93">
[93]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-94">
<a href="#cite_note-94">
[94]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
In November 2020, a review article in
<a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">
<i>
Nature
</i>
</a>
reported estimates of population-weighted IFRs for a number of countries, excluding deaths in elderly care facilities, and found a median range of 0.24% to 1.49%.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-95">
<a href="#cite_note-95">
[95]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
In December 2020, a systematic review and meta-analysis published in the
<i>
<a href="/wiki/European_Journal_of_Epidemiology" title="European Journal of Epidemiology">
European Journal of Epidemiology
</a>
</i>
estimated that population-weighted IFR was 0.5% to 1% in some countries (France, Netherlands, New Zealand, and Portugal), 1% to 2% in several other countries (Australia, England, Lithuania, and Spain), and about 2.5% in Italy; these estimates included fatalities in elderly care facilities.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EJE_levinetal_88-1">
<a href="#cite_note-EJE_levinetal-88">
[88]
</a>
</sup>
This study also found that most of the differences in IFR across locations reflected corresponding differences in the age composition of the population and the age-specific pattern of infection rates, due to very low IFRs for children and younger adults (e.g., 0.002% at age 10 and 0.01% at age 25) and progressively higher IFRs for older adults (0.4% at age 55, 1.4% at age 65, 4.6% at age 75, and 15% at age 85).
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EJE_levinetal_88-2">
<a href="#cite_note-EJE_levinetal-88">
[88]
</a>
</sup>
These results were also highlighted in a December 2020 report issued by the World Health Organization.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-96">
<a href="#cite_note-96">
[96]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
An analysis of those IFR rates indicates that COVID-19 is hazardous not only for the elderly but also for middle-aged adults, for whom a fatal COVID-19 infection is two orders of magnitude more likely than the annualised risk of a fatal automobile accident and far more dangerous than seasonal influenza.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EJE_levinetal_88-3">
<a href="#cite_note-EJE_levinetal-88">
[88]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<div style="clear:left;">
</div>
<h4>
<span id="Case_fatality_ratio_.28CFR.29">
</span>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Case_fatality_ratio_(CFR)">
Case fatality ratio (CFR)
</span>
</h4>
<p>
Another metric in assessing death rate is the
<a href="/wiki/Case_fatality_rate" title="Case fatality rate">
case fatality ratio
</a>
(CFR),
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-97">
<a href="#cite_note-97">
[a]
</a>
</sup>
which is deaths attributed to disease divided by individuals diagnosed to-date. This metric can be misleading because of the delay between symptom onset and death and because testing focuses on individuals with symptoms (and particularly on those manifesting more severe symptoms).
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hauser_2020_87-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Hauser_2020-87">
[87]
</a>
</sup>
On 4 August 2020, WHO indicated "at this early stage of the pandemic, most estimates of fatality ratios have been based on cases detected through surveillance and calculated using crude methods, giving rise to widely variable estimates of CFR by country – from less than 0.1% to over 25%."
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHOest_90-2">
<a href="#cite_note-WHOest-90">
[90]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<div style="clear:right;">
</div>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Disease">
Disease
</span>
</h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">
COVID-19
</a>
</div>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Signs_and_symptoms">
Signs and symptoms
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19" title="Symptoms of COVID-19">
Symptoms of COVID-19
</a>
</div>
<div class="excerpt-block">
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r952607947">
.mw-parser-output .excerpt .selflink{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .excerpt-indicator{border-left:3px solid #c8ccd1;margin:1em 0;padding-left:1em}
</style>
<div class="excerpt">
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:262px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1001" data-file-width="1972" decoding="async" height="132" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg/260px-Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg/390px-Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg/520px-Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg.png 2x" width="260"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
<a href="/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms" title="Signs and symptoms">
Symptoms
</a>
of COVID-19
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
<a href="/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19" title="Symptoms of COVID-19">
Symptoms of COVID-19
</a>
are variable, ranging from mild symptoms to severe illness.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_CDC2020Sym_98-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_CDC2020Sym-98">
[97]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Grant_et_al_2020_99-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Grant_et_al_2020-99">
[98]
</a>
</sup>
Common symptoms include
<a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">
headache
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Anosmia" title="Anosmia">
loss of smell
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Ageusia" title="Ageusia">
taste
</a>
,
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Nasal_Obstruction" title="Nasal Obstruction">
nasal congestion
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Rhinorrhea" title="Rhinorrhea">
runny nose
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Cough" title="Cough">
cough
</a>
,
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Muscle_pain" title="Muscle pain">
muscle pain
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Sore_throat" title="Sore throat">
sore throat
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">
fever
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">
diarrhea
</a>
, and
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Breathing_difficulties" title="Breathing difficulties">
breathing difficulties
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_ECDC_100-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_ECDC-100">
[99]
</a>
</sup>
People with the same infection may have different symptoms, and their symptoms may change over time. Three common clusters of symptoms have been identified: one respiratory symptom cluster with cough,
<a href="/wiki/Sputum" title="Sputum">
sputum
</a>
, shortness of breath, and fever; a musculoskeletal symptom cluster with muscle and joint pain, headache, and fatigue; a cluster of digestive symptoms with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_ECDC_100-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_ECDC-100">
[99]
</a>
</sup>
In people without prior ear, nose, and throat disorders,
<a href="/wiki/Hypogeusia" title="Hypogeusia">
loss of taste
</a>
combined with
<a href="/wiki/Hyposmia" title="Hyposmia">
loss of smell
</a>
is associated with
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">
COVID-19
</a>
and is reported in as many as 88% of cases
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-101">
<a href="#cite_note-101">
[100]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-102">
<a href="#cite_note-102">
[101]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32483687_103-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32483687-103">
[102]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
Of people who show symptoms, 81% develop only mild to moderate symptoms (up to mild
<a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">
pneumonia
</a>
), while 14% develop severe symptoms (
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Dyspnea" title="Dyspnea">
dyspnea
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Hypoxia_(medical)" title="Hypoxia (medical)">
hypoxia
</a>
, or more than 50% lung involvement on imaging) and 5% of patients suffer critical symptoms (
<a href="/wiki/Respiratory_failure" title="Respiratory failure">
respiratory failure
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)" title="Shock (circulatory)">
shock
</a>
, or
<a href="/wiki/Organ_dysfunction" title="Organ dysfunction">
multiorgan dysfunction
</a>
).
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_CDC_Interim_Guidance_104-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_CDC_Interim_Guidance-104">
[103]
</a>
</sup>
At least a third of the people who are infected with the virus do not develop noticeable symptoms at any point in time.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-105">
<a href="#cite_note-105">
[104]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Asymptomatic_106-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Asymptomatic-106">
[105]
</a>
</sup>
These
<a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic" title="Asymptomatic">
asymptomatic
</a>
carriers tend not to get tested and can spread the disease.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Asymptomatic_106-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Asymptomatic-106">
[105]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-107">
<a href="#cite_note-107">
[106]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-108">
<a href="#cite_note-108">
[107]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_:2_109-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_:2-109">
[108]
</a>
</sup>
Other infected people will develop symptoms later, called "pre-symptomatic", or have very mild symptoms and can also spread the virus.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_:2_109-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_:2-109">
[108]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
As is common with infections, there is
<a href="/wiki/Incubation_period" title="Incubation period">
a delay
</a>
between the moment a person first becomes infected and the appearance of the first symptoms. The
<a href="/wiki/Median" title="Median">
median
</a>
delay for COVID-19 is four to five days.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32329974_110-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32329974-110">
[109]
</a>
</sup>
Most symptomatic people experience symptoms within two to seven days after exposure, and almost all will experience at least one symptom within 12 days.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32329974_110-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32329974-110">
[109]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-111">
<a href="#cite_note-111">
[110]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
Most people recover from the acute phase of the disease. However, some people – over half of a
<a href="/wiki/Cohort_study" title="Cohort study">
cohort
</a>
of home-isolated young patients
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-112">
<a href="#cite_note-112">
[111]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-113">
<a href="#cite_note-113">
[112]
</a>
</sup>
– continue to experience a range of effects, such as
<a href="/wiki/Fatigue" title="Fatigue">
fatigue
</a>
, for months after recovery, a condition called
<a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">
long COVID
</a>
; long-term damage to organs has been observed. Multi-year studies are underway to further investigate the long-term effects of the disease.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-114">
<a href="#cite_note-114">
[113]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Transmission">
Transmission
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19" title="Transmission of COVID-19">
Transmission of COVID-19
</a>
</div>
<div class="excerpt-block">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="excerpt">
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="886" data-file-width="1379" decoding="async" height="141" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg/220px-Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg/330px-Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg/440px-Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">
The respiratory route of spread of COVID-19, encompassing larger droplets and aerosols.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The disease is mainly transmitted via the respiratory route when people inhale droplets and small airborne particles (that form an
<a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">
aerosol
</a>
) that infected people breath out as they breathe, talk, cough, sneeze, or sing.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Wang_2021_115-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Wang_2021-115">
[114]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-116">
<a href="#cite_note-116">
[115]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AR2021_117-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AR2021-117">
[116]
</a>
</sup>
Infected people are more likely to transmit COVID-19 when they are physically close. However, infection can occur over longer distances, particularly indoors.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Wang_2021_115-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Wang_2021-115">
[114]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Miller_2021_118-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Miller_2021-118">
[117]
</a>
</sup>
2).
</p>
<p>
<a href="/wiki/Infectivity" title="Infectivity">
Infectivity
</a>
can occur 1-3 days before the onset of symptoms.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG_119-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG-119">
[118]
</a>
</sup>
Infected persons can spread the disease even if they are pre-symptomatic or
<a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic" title="Asymptomatic">
asymptomatic
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG_119-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG-119">
[118]
</a>
</sup>
Most commonly, the peak viral load in
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Upper_respiratory_tract" title="Upper respiratory tract">
upper respiratory tract
</a>
samples occurs close to the time of symptom onset and declines after the first week after symptoms begin.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG_119-2">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG-119">
[118]
</a>
</sup>
Current evidence suggests a duration of viral shedding and the period of infectiousness of up to 10 days following symptom onset for persons with mild to moderate COVID-19, and a up to 20 days for persons with severe COVID-19, including immunocompromised persons.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDCClinicalQuestions_120-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDCClinicalQuestions-120">
[119]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG_119-3">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG-119">
[118]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
Infectious particles range in size from
<a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">
aerosols
</a>
that remain suspended in the air for long periods of time to larger
<a href="/wiki/Respiratory_droplet" title="Respiratory droplet">
droplets
</a>
that remain airborne or fall to the ground.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDCScientificBriefTransmission_121-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDCScientificBriefTransmission-121">
[120]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_who_transmitted_122-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_who_transmitted-122">
[121]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals_123-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals-123">
[122]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021_124-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021-124">
[123]
</a>
</sup>
Additionally, COVID-19 research has redefined the traditional understanding of how respiratory viruses are transmitted.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021_124-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021-124">
[123]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Morawska_2021_125-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Morawska_2021-125">
[124]
</a>
</sup>
The largest droplets of respiratory fluid do not travel far, and can be inhaled or land on mucous membranes on the eyes, nose, or mouth to infect.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals_123-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals-123">
[122]
</a>
</sup>
Aerosols are highest in concentration when people are in close proximity, which leads to easier viral transmission when people are physically close,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals_123-2">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals-123">
[122]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021_124-2">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021-124">
[123]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Morawska_2021_125-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Morawska_2021-125">
[124]
</a>
</sup>
but
<a href="/wiki/Airborne_transmission" title="Airborne transmission">
airborne transmission
</a>
can occur at longer distances, mainly in locations that are poorly ventilated;
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals_123-3">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals-123">
[122]
</a>
</sup>
in those conditions small particles can remain suspended in the air for minutes to hours.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals_123-4">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals-123">
[122]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
The number of people generally infected by one infected person varies;
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AnnalsTransmit2_126-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AnnalsTransmit2-126">
[125]
</a>
</sup>
as only 10 to 20% of people are responsible for the disease's spread.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Lessler_2021_127-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Lessler_2021-127">
[126]
</a>
</sup>
It often spreads in
<a href="/wiki/Disease_cluster" title="Disease cluster">
clusters
</a>
, where infections can be traced back to an index case or geographical location.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Lui_2020_128-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Lui_2020-128">
[127]
</a>
</sup>
Often in these instances,
<a href="/wiki/Superspreading_event" title="Superspreading event">
superspreading events
</a>
occur, where many people are infected by one person.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AnnalsTransmit2_126-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AnnalsTransmit2-126">
[125]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Cause">
Cause
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045330069" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="sidebar-title">
<a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">
Coronaviruses
</a>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="sidebar-image">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg" title="HCoV-229E virus">
<img alt="HCoV-229E virus" data-file-height="1368" data-file-width="1920" decoding="async" height="114" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg/160px-Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg/240px-Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg/320px-Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg 2x" width="160"/>
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="sidebar-list-title">
<a href="/wiki/Coronavirus#Classification" title="Coronavirus">
Types
</a>
</div>
<div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Alphacoronavirus" title="Alphacoronavirus">
Alphacoronavirus
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Betacoronavirus" title="Betacoronavirus">
Betacoronavirus
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Gammacoronavirus" title="Gammacoronavirus">
Gammacoronavirus
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Deltacoronavirus_(genus)" title="Deltacoronavirus (genus)">
Deltacoronavirus
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="sidebar-list-title">
<a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_diseases" title="Coronavirus diseases">
Diseases
</a>
</div>
<div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">
Common cold
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">
SARS
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome">
MERS
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">
COVID-19
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="sidebar-list-title">
Vaccines
</div>
<div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">
COVID-19 vaccine
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="sidebar-list-title">
Epidemics and pandemics
</div>
<div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002–2004 SARS outbreak">
SARS
</a>
<small>
(2002–2004)
</small>
</li>
<li>
MERS
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/2012_Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome_outbreak" title="2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak">
2012
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/2015_Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome_outbreak_in_South_Korea" title="2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak in South Korea">
2015
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/2018_Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome_outbreak" title="2018 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak">
2018
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="mw-selflink selflink">
COVID-19
</a>
<small>
(2019–2021)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="sidebar-list-title">
See also
</div>
<div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Coronaviridae" title="Coronaviridae">
Coronaviridae
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Novel_coronavirus" title="Novel coronavirus">
Novel coronavirus
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/History_of_coronavirus" title="History of coronavirus">
History of coronavirus
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="sidebar-navbar">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini">
<ul>
<li class="nv-view">
<a href="/wiki/Template:Coronavirus" title="Template:Coronavirus">
<abbr style=";text-decoration:inherit;" title="View this template">
v
</abbr>
</a>
</li>
<li class="nv-talk">
<a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coronavirus" title="Template talk:Coronavirus">
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t
</abbr>
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<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Coronavirus&action=edit">
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<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
</a>
</div>
<div class="excerpt-block">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="excerpt">
SARS‑CoV‑2 belongs to the broad family of viruses known as
<a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">
coronaviruses
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_Fox2020_129-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_Fox2020-129">
[128]
</a>
</sup>
It is a
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Positive-sense_single-stranded_RNA_virus" title="Positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus">
positive-sense single-stranded RNA
</a>
(+ssRNA) virus, with a single linear RNA segment. Coronaviruses infect humans, other mammals, including livestock and companion animals, and avian species.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_V’kovskik:21_130-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_V’kovskik:21-130">
[129]
</a>
</sup>
Human coronaviruses are capable of causing illnesses ranging from the
<a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">
common cold
</a>
to more severe diseases such as
<a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome">
Middle East respiratory syndrome
</a>
(MERS, fatality rate ~34%). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh known coronavirus to infect people, after
<a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_229E" title="Human coronavirus 229E">
229E
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_NL63" title="Human coronavirus NL63">
NL63
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_OC43" title="Human coronavirus OC43">
OC43
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_HKU1" title="Human coronavirus HKU1">
HKU1
</a>
,
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome-related_coronavirus" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus">
MERS-CoV
</a>
, and the original
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus">
SARS-CoV
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NEJM-Novel_131-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NEJM-Novel-131">
[130]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="393" data-file-width="512" decoding="async" height="169" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg/220px-Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg/330px-Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg/440px-Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg.png 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Illustration of SARS-CoV-2
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Virion" title="Virion">
virion
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="excerpt-block">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="excerpt">
Viral genetic sequence data can provide critical information about whether viruses separated by time and space are likely to be epidemiologically linked.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-132">
<a href="#cite_note-132">
[131]
</a>
</sup>
With a sufficient number of sequenced
<a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">
genomes
</a>
, it is possible to reconstruct a
<a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree" title="Phylogenetic tree">
phylogenetic tree
</a>
of the mutation history of a family of viruses. By 12 January 2020, five genomes of SARS‑CoV‑2 had been isolated from Wuhan and reported by the
<a href="/wiki/Chinese_Center_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention">
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
</a>
(CCDC) and other institutions;
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_gisaid_133-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_gisaid-133">
[132]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_VirologicalInitial_134-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_VirologicalInitial-134">
[133]
</a>
</sup>
the number of genomes increased to 42 by 30 January 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NextstrainJanuary_135-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NextstrainJanuary-135">
[134]
</a>
</sup>
A phylogenetic analysis of those samples showed they were "highly related with at most seven mutations relative to a
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Common_ancestor" title="Common ancestor">
common ancestor
</a>
", implying that the first human infection occurred in November or December 2019.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NextstrainJanuary_135-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NextstrainJanuary-135">
[134]
</a>
</sup>
Examination of the topology of the phylogenetic tree at the start of the pandemic also found high similarities between human isolates.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_Sun2020Trends_136-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_Sun2020Trends-136">
[135]
</a>
</sup>
As of 21 August 2021,
<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;">
<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">
[update]
</a>
</sup>
3,422 SARS‑CoV‑2 genomes, belonging to 19 strains, sampled on all continents except Antarctica were publicly available.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NexstrainApril_137-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NexstrainApril-137">
[136]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
<div style="clear:both;">
</div>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Diagnosis">
Diagnosis
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19#Diagnosis" title="COVID-19">
COVID-19 § Diagnosis
</a>
</div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Further information:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">
COVID-19 testing
</a>
</div>
<div class="excerpt-block">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="excerpt">
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum,_K%C3%B6ln-6313_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3044" data-file-width="3311" decoding="async" height="202" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum,_K%C3%B6ln-6313_(cropped).jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Demonstration of a
<a href="/wiki/Nasopharyngeal_swab" title="Nasopharyngeal swab">
nasopharyngeal swab
</a>
for
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">
COVID-19 testing
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
The standard methods of testing for presence of SARS-CoV-2 are
<a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acid_test" title="Nucleic acid test">
nucleic acid tests
</a>
,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pmid32621814_138-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pmid32621814-138">
[137]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_20200130cdc_139-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_20200130cdc-139">
[138]
</a>
</sup>
which detects the presence of viral RNA fragments.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_WHO_InterimGuidance_140-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_WHO_InterimGuidance-140">
[139]
</a>
</sup>
As these tests detect RNA but not infectious virus, its "ability to determine duration of infectivity of patients is limited."
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_2k0iS_141-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_2k0iS-141">
[140]
</a>
</sup>
The test is typically done on respiratory samples obtained by a
<a href="/wiki/Nasopharyngeal_swab" title="Nasopharyngeal swab">
nasopharyngeal swab
</a>
; however, a nasal swab or sputum sample may also be used.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_CDC2020Testing_142-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_CDC2020Testing-142">
[141]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_20200129cdc_143-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_20200129cdc-143">
[142]
</a>
</sup>
Results are generally available within hours.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pmid32621814_138-1">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pmid32621814-138">
[137]
</a>
</sup>
The WHO has published several testing protocols for the disease.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-144">
<a href="#cite_note-144">
[143]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
<div class="excerpt-block">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="excerpt">
Chest CT scans may be helpful to diagnose COVID-19 in individuals with a high clinical suspicion of infection but are not recommended for routine screening.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_:0_145-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_:0-145">
[144]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_acr.org_146-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_acr.org-146">
[145]
</a>
</sup>
Bilateral multilobar
<a href="/wiki/Ground-glass_opacity" title="Ground-glass opacity">
ground-glass opacities
</a>
with a peripheral, asymmetric, and posterior distribution are common in early infection.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_:0_145-1">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_:0-145">
[144]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-147">
<a href="#cite_note-147">
[146]
</a>
</sup>
Subpleural dominance,
<a href="/wiki/Crazy_paving_(medicine)" title="Crazy paving (medicine)">
crazy paving
</a>
(lobular septal thickening with variable alveolar filling), and
<a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_consolidation" title="Pulmonary consolidation">
consolidation
</a>
may appear as the disease progresses.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_:0_145-2">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_:0-145">
[144]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-148">
<a href="#cite_note-148">
[147]
</a>
</sup>
Characteristic imaging features on chest
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Radiographs" title="Radiographs">
radiographs
</a>
and
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Computed_tomography" title="Computed tomography">
computed tomography
</a>
(CT) of people who are symptomatic include asymmetric peripheral ground-glass opacities without
<a href="/wiki/Pleural_effusion" title="Pleural effusion">
pleural effusions
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_AJR_149-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_AJR-149">
[148]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Prevention">
Prevention
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Further information:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19#Prevention" title="COVID-19">
COVID-19 § Prevention
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">
Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
, and
<a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</div>
<div class="excerpt-block">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="excerpt">
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="675" data-file-width="1200" decoding="async" height="124" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif/220px-20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif/330px-20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif/440px-20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Without pandemic containment measures – such as social distancing, vaccination, and face masks – pathogens can spread exponentially.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_Science_20200515_150-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_Science_20200515-150">
[149]
</a>
</sup>
This graphic shows how early adoption of containment measures tends to protect wider swaths of the population.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Preventive measures to reduce the chances of infection include getting vaccinated, staying at home, wearing a mask in public, avoiding crowded places, keeping distance from others, ventilating indoor spaces, managing potential exposure durations,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-151">
<a href="#cite_note-151">
[150]
</a>
</sup>
washing hands with soap and water often and for at least twenty seconds, practising good respiratory hygiene, and avoiding touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_CDC042020_152-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_CDC042020-152">
[151]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-153">
<a href="#cite_note-153">
[152]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
Those diagnosed with COVID-19 or who believe they may be infected are advised by the CDC to stay home except to get medical care, call ahead before visiting a healthcare provider,
<a href="#Face_masks_and_respiratory_hygiene">
wear a face mask
</a>
before entering the healthcare provider's office and when in any room or vehicle with another person, cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue, regularly wash hands with soap and water and avoid sharing personal household items.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_CDC2020IfSick_154-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_CDC2020IfSick-154">
[153]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-155">
<a href="#cite_note-155">
[154]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Vaccines">
Vaccines
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">
COVID-19 vaccine
</a>
</div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
See also:
<a href="/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development" title="History of COVID-19 vaccine development">
History of COVID-19 vaccine development
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">
Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_vaccination_(2020).jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3136" data-file-width="4937" decoding="async" height="140" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg/220px-COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg/330px-COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg/440px-COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_vaccination_(2020).jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
A doctor at
<a href="/wiki/Walter_Reed_National_Military_Medical_Center" title="Walter Reed National Military Medical Center">
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
</a>
receiving a COVID-19 vaccination
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="excerpt-block">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="excerpt">
<p>
A
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">
COVID‑19 vaccine
</a>
is a
<a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">
vaccine
</a>
intended to provide
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Acquired_immunity" title="Acquired immunity">
acquired immunity
</a>
against
<a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
</a>
(SARS‑CoV‑2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/COVID%E2%80%9119" title="COVID‑19">
COVID‑19
</a>
). Prior to the COVID‑19 pandemic, an established body of knowledge existed about the structure and function of
<a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">
coronaviruses
</a>
causing diseases like
<a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">
severe acute respiratory syndrome
</a>
(SARS) and
<a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome">
Middle East respiratory syndrome
</a>
(MERS). This knowledge accelerated the development of various
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Vaccine_platform" title="Vaccine platform">
vaccine platforms
</a>
during early 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_vaccine_pmid33341119_156-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_vaccine_pmid33341119-156">
[155]
</a>
</sup>
The initial focus of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was on preventing symptomatic, often severe illness.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-157">
<a href="#cite_note-157">
[156]
</a>
</sup>
On 10 January 2020, the SARS-CoV-2
<a href="/wiki/DNA_sequencing" title="DNA sequencing">
genetic sequence
</a>
data was shared through
<a href="/wiki/GISAID" title="GISAID">
GISAID
</a>
, and by 19 March, the global pharmaceutical industry announced a major commitment to address COVID-19.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-158">
<a href="#cite_note-158">
[157]
</a>
</sup>
The COVID‑19 vaccines are widely credited for their role in reducing the spread, severity, and death caused by COVID-19.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-159">
<a href="#cite_note-159">
[158]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
Many countries have implemented phased distribution plans that prioritize those at highest risk of complications, such as the elderly, and those at high risk of exposure and transmission, such as healthcare workers.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_vaccine_Beaumont_160-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_vaccine_Beaumont-160">
[159]
</a>
</sup>
Single dose interim use is under consideration to extend vaccination to as many people as possible until vaccine availability improves.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-161">
<a href="#cite_note-161">
[160]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-162">
<a href="#cite_note-162">
[161]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-163">
<a href="#cite_note-163">
[162]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-164">
<a href="#cite_note-164">
[163]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
<p>
On 21 December 2020, the
<a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">
European Union
</a>
approved the
<a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">
Pfizer BioNTech vaccine
</a>
. Vaccinations began to be administered on 27 December 2020. The
<a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">
Moderna vaccine
</a>
was authorised on 6 January 2021 and the
<a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">
AstraZeneca vaccine
</a>
was authorised on 29 January 2021.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-165">
<a href="#cite_note-165">
[164]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Elderly woman roles up sleeve as two nurses administer a vaccine" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2155" data-file-width="2875" decoding="async" height="165" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_(cropped).jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Vaccinations at an
<a href="/wiki/Retirement_home" title="Retirement home">
old people's home
</a>
in
<a href="/wiki/Gij%C3%B3n" title="Gijón">
Gijón
</a>
, Spain
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
On 4 February 2020, US Secretary of Health and Human Services
<a href="/wiki/Alex_Azar" title="Alex Azar">
Alex Azar
</a>
published a notice of declaration under the
<a href="/wiki/Public_Readiness_and_Emergency_Preparedness_Act" title="Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act">
Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act
</a>
for medical countermeasures against COVID-19, covering "any vaccine, used to treat, diagnose, cure, prevent, or mitigate COVID-19, or the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 or a virus mutating therefrom", and stating that the declaration precludes "liability claims alleging negligence by a manufacturer in creating a vaccine, or negligence by a health care provider in prescribing the wrong dose, absent willful misconduct".
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mXTUz_166-0">
<a href="#cite_note-mXTUz-166">
[165]
</a>
</sup>
The declaration is effective in the United States through 1 October 2024.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-167">
<a href="#cite_note-167">
[166]
</a>
</sup>
On 8 December, it was reported that the AstraZeneca vaccine is about 70% effective, according to a study.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-168">
<a href="#cite_note-168">
[167]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
As of mid-August 2021, more than 4.6 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been administered in over 190 countries worldwide. The Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine is the most widely used around the globe.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-169">
<a href="#cite_note-169">
[168]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Treatment">
Treatment
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19" title="Treatment and management of COVID-19">
Treatment and management of COVID-19
</a>
</div>
<p>
There is no specific, effective treatment or cure for
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">
coronavirus disease 2019
</a>
(COVID-19), the disease caused by the
<a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">
SARS-CoV-2
</a>
virus.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BMJLivingReview_170-0">
<a href="#cite_note-BMJLivingReview-170">
[169]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-63_171-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-63-171">
[170]
</a>
</sup>
Thus, the cornerstone of management of COVID-19 is
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Supportive_care" title="Supportive care">
supportive care
</a>
, which includes treatment to
<a href="/wiki/Symptomatic_treatment" title="Symptomatic treatment">
relieve symptoms
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Fluid_replacement" title="Fluid replacement">
fluid therapy
</a>
,
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Oxygen_support" title="Oxygen support">
oxygen support
</a>
and
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Prone_positioning" title="Prone positioning">
prone positioning
</a>
as needed, and medications or devices to support other affected vital organs.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-172">
<a href="#cite_note-172">
[171]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_(50119127303).jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3466" data-file-width="5180" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg/220px-Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg/330px-Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg/440px-Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_(50119127303).jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
A critically ill patient receiving invasive ventilation in the intensive care unit of the
<a href="/wiki/Heart_Institute,_University_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Heart Institute, University of São Paulo">
Heart Institute, University of São Paulo
</a>
. Due to a shortage of mechanical ventilators, a
<a href="/wiki/Resuscitator" title="Resuscitator">
bridge ventilator
</a>
is being used to automatically actuate a
<a href="/wiki/Bag_valve_mask" title="Bag valve mask">
bag valve mask
</a>
.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Most cases of COVID-19 are mild. In these, supportive care includes medication such as
<a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">
paracetamol
</a>
or
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/NSAID" title="NSAID">
NSAIDs
</a>
to relieve symptoms (fever,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-173">
<a href="#cite_note-173">
[172]
</a>
</sup>
body aches, cough), adequate intake of oral fluids and rest.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-63_171-1">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-63-171">
[170]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-174">
<a href="#cite_note-174">
[173]
</a>
</sup>
Good personal hygiene and a
<a href="/wiki/Healthy_diet" title="Healthy diet">
healthy diet
</a>
are also recommended.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-175">
<a href="#cite_note-175">
[174]
</a>
</sup>
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that those who suspect they are carrying the virus isolate themselves at home and wear a face mask.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CDC2020IfSick_176-0">
<a href="#cite_note-CDC2020IfSick-176">
[175]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
People with more severe cases may need treatment in hospital. In those with low oxygen levels, use of the
<a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">
glucocorticoid
</a>
<a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">
dexamethasone
</a>
is strongly recommended, as it can reduce the risk of death.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-177">
<a href="#cite_note-177">
[176]
</a>
</sup>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Noninvasive_ventilation" title="Noninvasive ventilation">
Noninvasive ventilation
</a>
and, ultimately, admission to an
<a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">
intensive care unit
</a>
for
<a href="/wiki/Mechanical_ventilation" title="Mechanical ventilation">
mechanical ventilation
</a>
may be required to support breathing.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NIHGuidelines2020_178-0">
<a href="#cite_note-NIHGuidelines2020-178">
[177]
</a>
</sup>
<a href="/wiki/Extracorporeal_membrane_oxygenation" title="Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation">
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
</a>
(ECMO) has been used to address the issue of respiratory failure, but its benefits are still under consideration.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Guan_Ni_Hu_Liang_p._179-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Guan_Ni_Hu_Liang_p.-179">
[178]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Henry_2020_p._180-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Henry_2020_p.-180">
[179]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
Several
<a href="/wiki/Clinical_research" title="Clinical research">
experimental treatments
</a>
are being actively studied in
<a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">
clinical trials
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BMJLivingReview_170-1">
<a href="#cite_note-BMJLivingReview-170">
[169]
</a>
</sup>
Others were thought to be promising early in the pandemic, such as
<a href="/wiki/Hydroxychloroquine" title="Hydroxychloroquine">
hydroxychloroquine
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Lopinavir/ritonavir" title="Lopinavir/ritonavir">
lopinavir/ritonavir
</a>
, but later research found them to be ineffective or even harmful.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BMJLivingReview_170-2">
<a href="#cite_note-BMJLivingReview-170">
[169]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kim_Read_Fauci_p=2149_181-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Kim_Read_Fauci_p=2149-181">
[180]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement_182-0">
<a href="#cite_note-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement-182">
[181]
</a>
</sup>
Despite ongoing research, there is still not enough high-quality evidence to recommend so-called early treatment.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kim_Read_Fauci_p=2149_181-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Kim_Read_Fauci_p=2149-181">
[180]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement_182-1">
<a href="#cite_note-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement-182">
[181]
</a>
</sup>
Nevertheless, in the United States, two
<a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">
monoclonal antibody
</a>
-based therapies are available for early use in cases thought to be at high risk of progression to severe disease.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement_182-2">
<a href="#cite_note-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement-182">
[181]
</a>
</sup>
The antiviral
<a href="/wiki/Remdesivir" title="Remdesivir">
remdesivir
</a>
is available in the US, Canada, Australia, and several other countries, with varying restrictions; however, it is not recommended for people needing mechanical ventilation, and is discouraged altogether by the
<a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">
World Health Organization
</a>
(WHO),
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hsu_p=m4457_183-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Hsu_p=m4457-183">
[182]
</a>
</sup>
due to limited evidence of its efficacy.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BMJLivingReview_170-3">
<a href="#cite_note-BMJLivingReview-170">
[169]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Variants">
Variants
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">
Variants of SARS-CoV-2
</a>
</div>
<p>
Several variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged that are spreading globally. The most prevalent, all of which share the more infectious
<a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2#D614G" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">
D614G mutation
</a>
, are:
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-184">
<a href="#cite_note-184">
[183]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-185">
<a href="#cite_note-185">
[184]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-186">
<a href="#cite_note-186">
[185]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Lineage_B.1.1.7" title="Lineage B.1.1.7">
<i>
B.1.1.7
</i>
</a>
, also known as the Alpha variant, first detected in the UK, which has spread to over 190 countries
</li>
<li>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Lineage_P.1" title="Lineage P.1">
<i>
P.1
</i>
</a>
, also known as the Gamma variant, first detected in Brazil, which has spread to over 90 countries
</li>
<li>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Lineage_B.1.351" title="Lineage B.1.351">
<i>
B.1.351
</i>
</a>
, also known as the Beta variant, first detected in South Africa, which has spread to over 140 countries
</li>
<li>
<i>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">
B.1.617.2
</a>
,
</i>
also known as the Delta variant, first detected in India, which has spread to over 170 countries
</li>
</ul>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="640" data-file-width="945" decoding="async" height="149" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg/220px-Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg/330px-Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg/440px-Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Burial of a deceased COVID-19 patient in
<a href="/wiki/Hamadan" title="Hamadan">
Hamadan
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">
Iran
</a>
, March 2020
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Prognosis">
Prognosis
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Further information:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19#Prognosis" title="COVID-19">
COVID-19 § Prognosis
</a>
</div>
<div class="excerpt-block">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="excerpt">
The severity of COVID-19 varies. The disease may take a mild course with few or no symptoms, resembling other common upper respiratory diseases such as the
<a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">
common cold
</a>
. In 3–4% of cases (7.4% for those over age 65) symptoms are severe enough to cause hospitalization.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pmid33087398_187-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pmid33087398-187">
[186]
</a>
</sup>
Mild cases typically recover within two weeks, while those with severe or critical diseases may take three to six weeks to recover. Among those who have died, the time from symptom onset to death has ranged from two to eight weeks.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_WHOReport24Feb2020_188-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_WHOReport24Feb2020-188">
[187]
</a>
</sup>
The Italian
<a href="/wiki/Istituto_Superiore_di_Sanit%C3%A0" title="Istituto Superiore di Sanità">
Istituto Superiore di Sanità
</a>
reported that the median time between the onset of symptoms and death was twelve days, with seven being hospitalised. However, people transferred to an ICU had a median time of ten days between hospitalisation and death.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_ISSCharacteristics_189-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_ISSCharacteristics-189">
[188]
</a>
</sup>
Prolonged
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Prothrombin" title="Prothrombin">
prothrombin
</a>
time and elevated
<a href="/wiki/C-reactive_protein" title="C-reactive protein">
C-reactive protein
</a>
levels on admission to the hospital are associated with severe course of COVID-19 and with a transfer to ICU.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-190">
<a href="#cite_note-190">
[189]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-191">
<a href="#cite_note-191">
[190]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
<div style="clear:both;">
</div>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Mitigation">
Mitigation
</span>
</h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19" title="Public health mitigation of COVID-19">
Public health mitigation of COVID-19
</a>
</div>
<p>
Speed and scale are key to mitigation, due to the
<a href="/wiki/Fat-tailed_distribution" title="Fat-tailed distribution">
fat-tailed
</a>
nature of pandemic risk and the exponential growth of COVID-19 infections.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-192">
<a href="#cite_note-192">
[191]
</a>
</sup>
For mitigation to be effective, (a) chains of transmission must be broken as quickly as possible through screening and containment, (b) health care must be available to provide for the needs of those infected, and (c) contingencies must be in place to allow for effective rollout of (a) and (b).
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-193">
<a href="#cite_note-193">
[192]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">
[
<i>
<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">
<span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (August 2021)">
failed verification
</span>
</a>
</i>
]
</sup>
</p>
<p>
In July 2021, several experts expressed concern that achieving
<a href="/wiki/Herd_immunity" title="Herd immunity">
herd immunity
</a>
may not currently be possible because the
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">
Delta variant
</a>
is transmitted among those immunized with current vaccines.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-194">
<a href="#cite_note-194">
[193]
</a>
</sup>
The CDC published data showing that vaccinated people could transmit the
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">
Delta variant
</a>
, something officials believed was not possible with other variants. Consequently, the WHO and the CDC encourage vaccinated people to continue with preventive measures, such as social distancing and wearing masks indoors.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-195">
<a href="#cite_note-195">
[194]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h3>
<span id="Screening.2C_containment_and_mitigation">
</span>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Screening,_containment_and_mitigation">
Screening, containment and mitigation
</span>
</h3>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:20200410_Flatten_the_curve,_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_(English).gif">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="675" data-file-width="1200" decoding="async" height="186" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif/330px-20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif/495px-20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif/660px-20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif 2x" width="330"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:20200410_Flatten_the_curve,_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_(English).gif" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Goals of mitigation include delaying and reducing peak burden on healthcare (
<i>
<a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">
flattening the curve
</a>
</i>
) and lessening overall cases and health impact.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Lancet2020Flatten_196-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Lancet2020Flatten-196">
[195]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RnW59_197-0">
<a href="#cite_note-RnW59-197">
[196]
</a>
</sup>
Moreover, progressively greater increases in healthcare capacity (
<i>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Raising_the_line" title="Raising the line">
raising the line
</a>
</i>
) such as by increasing bed count, personnel, and equipment, help to meet increased demand.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Vox_20200407_198-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Vox_20200407-198">
[197]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1365" data-file-width="2048" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg/220px-04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg/330px-04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg/440px-04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
The CDC and WHO advise that masks (such as worn here by Taiwanese president
<a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">
Tsai Ing-wen
</a>
) reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Strategies in the control of an outbreak are screening, containment (or suppression), and mitigation. Screening is done with a device such as a
<a href="/wiki/Thermometer" title="Thermometer">
thermometer
</a>
to detect the elevated body temperature associated with fevers caused by the infection.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-f4SpW_199-0">
<a href="#cite_note-f4SpW-199">
[198]
</a>
</sup>
Containment is undertaken in the early stages of the outbreak and aims to trace and isolate those infected as well as introduce other measures to stop the disease from spreading. When it is no longer possible to contain the disease, efforts then move to the mitigation stage: measures are taken to slow the spread and mitigate its effects on the healthcare system and society. A combination of both containment and mitigation measures may be undertaken at the same time.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NY0JD_200-0">
<a href="#cite_note-NY0JD-200">
[199]
</a>
</sup>
Suppression requires more extreme measures so as to reverse the pandemic by reducing the basic reproduction number to less than 1.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ImpCollege16mar2020_201-0">
<a href="#cite_note-ImpCollege16mar2020-201">
[200]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
Part of managing an infectious disease outbreak is trying to delay and decrease the epidemic peak, known as flattening the epidemic curve.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Lancet2020Flatten_196-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Lancet2020Flatten-196">
[195]
</a>
</sup>
This decreases the risk of health services being overwhelmed and provides more time for vaccines and treatments to be developed.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Lancet2020Flatten_196-2">
<a href="#cite_note-Lancet2020Flatten-196">
[195]
</a>
</sup>
Non-pharmaceutical interventions that may manage the outbreak include personal preventive measures such as hand hygiene, wearing face masks, and self-quarantine; community measures aimed at physical distancing such as closing schools and cancelling mass gathering events; community engagement to encourage acceptance and participation in such interventions; as well as environmental measures such surface cleaning.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-community_mitigation_202-0">
<a href="#cite_note-community_mitigation-202">
[201]
</a>
</sup>
Some measures, particularly those that focus on cleaning surfaces rather than preventing airborne transmission, have been criticised as
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Hygiene_theatre" title="Hygiene theatre">
hygiene theatre
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hygiene_theatre_203-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Hygiene_theatre-203">
[202]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
More drastic actions aimed at containing the outbreak were taken in China once the severity of the outbreak became apparent, such as quarantining entire cities and imposing strict travel bans.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RwmYm_204-0">
<a href="#cite_note-RwmYm-204">
[203]
</a>
</sup>
Other countries also adopted a variety of measures aimed at limiting the spread of the virus. South Korea introduced mass screening and localised quarantines and issued alerts on the movements of infected individuals. Singapore provided financial support for those infected who quarantined themselves and imposed large fines for those who failed to do so. Taiwan increased face mask production and penalised the hoarding of medical supplies.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-shZdf_205-0">
<a href="#cite_note-shZdf-205">
[204]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
Simulations for Great Britain and the United States show that mitigation (slowing but not stopping epidemic spread) and suppression (reversing epidemic growth) have major challenges. Optimal mitigation policies might reduce peak healthcare demand by two-thirds and deaths by half, but still result in hundreds of thousands of deaths and overwhelmed health systems. Suppression can be preferred but needs to be maintained for as long as the virus is circulating in the human population (or until a vaccine becomes available), as transmission otherwise quickly rebounds when measures are relaxed. Long-term intervention to suppress the pandemic has considerable social and economic costs.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ImpCollege16mar2020_201-1">
<a href="#cite_note-ImpCollege16mar2020-201">
[200]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Contact_tracing">
Contact tracing
</span>
</h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
See also:
<a href="/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation" title="Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">
Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19#Information_technology" title="Public health mitigation of COVID-19">
Public health mitigation of COVID-19 § Information technology
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<div class="PopUpMediaTransform" id="mwe_player_0" style="width:220px;" videopayload='<div class="mediaContainer" style="width:854px"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/854px--COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" style="width:854px;height:480px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="53.021" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.480p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="SD WebM (480P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 480P" data-transcodekey="480p.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="1078672" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.720p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="HD WebM (720P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 720P" data-transcodekey="720p.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-bandwidth="2093336" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="HD VP9 (720P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 720P" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-bandwidth="2609288" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Original WebM file, 1,280 × 720 (4.23 Mbps)" data-shorttitle="WebM source" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-bandwidth="4228964" data-framerate="25"/></video></div>'>
<img alt="File:COVID-19 Airport Contact Tracing.webm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/220px--COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.jpg" style="width:220px;height:124px"/>
<a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm" target="new" title="Play media">
<span class="play-btn-large">
<span class="mw-tmh-playtext">
Play media
</span>
</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Mandatory traveller information collection for use in COVID-19
<a href="/wiki/Contact_tracing" title="Contact tracing">
contact tracing
</a>
at New York City's
<a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" title="LaGuardia Airport">
LaGuardia Airport
</a>
in August 2020
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
<a href="/wiki/Contact_tracing" title="Contact tracing">
Contact tracing
</a>
is an important method for health authorities to determine the source of infection and to prevent further transmission.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-web_206-0">
<a href="#cite_note-web-206">
[205]
</a>
</sup>
The use of location data from mobile phones by governments for this purpose has prompted privacy concerns, with
<a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">
Amnesty International
</a>
and more than a hundred other organisations issuing a statement calling for limits on this kind of surveillance.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IngramWard20200407_207-0">
<a href="#cite_note-IngramWard20200407-207">
[206]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_apps" title="COVID-19 apps">
Several mobile apps
</a>
have been implemented or proposed for voluntary use, and as of 7
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
April 2020, more than a dozen expert groups were working on privacy-friendly solutions such as using
<a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">
Bluetooth
</a>
to log a user's proximity to other cellphones.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IngramWard20200407_207-1">
<a href="#cite_note-IngramWard20200407-207">
[206]
</a>
</sup>
(Users are alerted if they have been near someone who subsequently tests positive.)
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IngramWard20200407_207-2">
<a href="#cite_note-IngramWard20200407-207">
[206]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 10 April 2020, Google and
<a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">
Apple
</a>
jointly announced an initiative for privacy-preserving contact tracing based on Bluetooth technology and
<a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">
cryptography
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0DF25_208-0">
<a href="#cite_note-0DF25-208">
[207]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200410apple_209-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200410apple-209">
[208]
</a>
</sup>
The system is intended to allow governments to create official privacy-preserving COVID-19 tracking apps, with the eventual goal of integration of this functionality directly into the
<a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">
iOS
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">
Android
</a>
mobile platforms.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HQTFY_210-0">
<a href="#cite_note-HQTFY-210">
[209]
</a>
</sup>
In Europe and in the US,
<a href="/wiki/Palantir_Technologies" title="Palantir Technologies">
Palantir Technologies
</a>
is also providing COVID-19 tracking services.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0k3hR_211-0">
<a href="#cite_note-0k3hR-211">
[210]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Health_care">
Health care
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Further information:
<a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">
Flattening the curve
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_hospital_beds" title="List of countries by hospital beds">
list of countries by hospital beds
</a>
, and
<a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2347" data-file-width="3373" decoding="async" height="153" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg/220px-%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg/330px-%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg/440px-%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
An army-constructed
<a href="/wiki/Field_hospital" title="Field hospital">
field hospital
</a>
outside
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/%C3%96stra_sjukhuset" title="Östra sjukhuset">
Östra sjukhuset
</a>
(
<i>
Eastern hospital
</i>
) in
<a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">
Gothenburg
</a>
, Sweden, contains temporary
<a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">
intensive care units
</a>
for COVID-19 patients.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Increasing capacity and adapting healthcare for the needs of COVID-19 patients is described by the WHO as a fundamental outbreak response measure.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHOEuropeResponse_212-0">
<a href="#cite_note-WHOEuropeResponse-212">
[211]
</a>
</sup>
The ECDC and the European regional office of the WHO have issued guidelines for hospitals and
<a href="/wiki/Primary_health_care" title="Primary health care">
primary healthcare services
</a>
for shifting of resources at multiple levels, including focusing laboratory services towards COVID-19 testing, cancelling elective procedures whenever possible, separating and isolating COVID-19 positive patients, and increasing
<a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">
intensive care
</a>
capabilities by training personnel and increasing the number of available
<a href="/wiki/Ventilator" title="Ventilator">
ventilators
</a>
and beds.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHOEuropeResponse_212-1">
<a href="#cite_note-WHOEuropeResponse-212">
[211]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ECDCresponse_213-0">
<a href="#cite_note-ECDCresponse-213">
[212]
</a>
</sup>
In addition, in an attempt to maintain physical distancing, and to protect both patients and clinicians, in some areas non-emergency healthcare services are being provided virtually.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-214">
<a href="#cite_note-214">
[213]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
Due to capacity limitations in the standard
<a href="/wiki/Supply_chain" title="Supply chain">
supply chains
</a>
, some manufacturers are
<a href="/wiki/3D_printing" title="3D printing">
3D printing
</a>
healthcare material such as nasal swabs and ventilator parts.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-technologyreview615420_215-0">
<a href="#cite_note-technologyreview615420-215">
[214]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aCPem_216-0">
<a href="#cite_note-aCPem-216">
[215]
</a>
</sup>
In one example, when an Italian hospital urgently required a ventilator valve, and the supplier was unable to deliver in the timescale required, a local startup received legal threats due to alleged patent infringement after reverse-engineering and printing the required hundred valves overnight.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-217">
<a href="#cite_note-217">
[216]
</a>
</sup>
On 23 April 2020,
<a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">
NASA
</a>
reported building, in 37 days, a ventilator which is undergoing further testing. NASA is seeking fast-track approval.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NASA-20200423_218-0">
<a href="#cite_note-NASA-20200423-218">
[217]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SPC-20200424_219-0">
<a href="#cite_note-SPC-20200424-219">
[218]
</a>
</sup>
Individuals and groups of
<a href="/wiki/Maker_culture" title="Maker culture">
makers
</a>
around the world also assisted in the efforts by creating and sharing
<a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">
open source
</a>
designs, and manufacturing devices using locally sourced materials, sewing, and 3D printing. Millions of
<a href="/wiki/Face_shield" title="Face shield">
face shields
</a>
, protective gowns, and masks were made. Other medical supplies were made such as shoes covers, surgical caps,
<a href="/wiki/Powered_air-purifying_respirator" title="Powered air-purifying respirator">
powered air-purifying respirators
</a>
, and
<a href="/wiki/Hand_sanitizer" title="Hand sanitizer">
hand sanitizer
</a>
. Novel devices were created such as
<a href="/wiki/Ear_saver" title="Ear saver">
ear savers
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Non-invasive_ventilation" title="Non-invasive ventilation">
non-invasive ventilation
</a>
helmets, and ventilator splitters.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-220">
<a href="#cite_note-220">
[219]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="History">
History
</span>
</h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Further information:
<a href="/wiki/Pandemic_prevention" title="Pandemic prevention">
Pandemic prevention
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</div>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="2019">
2019
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png">
<img alt="An aerial view of the market, looking like a construction site." class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1080" data-file-width="1829" decoding="async" height="130" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png/220px-Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png/330px-Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png/440px-Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
The
<a href="/wiki/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market" title="Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market">
Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market
</a>
in March 2020, after it was closed down
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:100%">
<div class="thumbinner">
<div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;">
<div style="white-space:nowrap">
<div id="confirmed-covid-map-per-capita" style="">
<div class="mw-graph mw-graph-always mw-graph-nofallback" data-graph-id="b8658f9e840c8cf96bf231934b36c627650da281" style="min-width:500px;min-height:260px">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div style="float:right">
<a href="/wiki/Template:Interactive_COVID-19_maps" title="Template:Interactive COVID-19 maps">
<img alt="Desc-i.svg" data-file-height="648" data-file-width="648" decoding="async" height="16" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/16px-Desc-i.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/24px-Desc-i.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/32px-Desc-i.svg.png 2x" width="16"/>
</a>
</div>
Interactive timeline map of confirmed cases per million people
<br/>
(drag circle to adjust; may not work on mobile devices)
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Based on the retrospective analysis, starting from December 2019, the number of COVID-19 cases in Hubei gradually increased, reaching 60 by 20 December and at least 266 by 31 December.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-original_report_221-0">
<a href="#cite_note-original_report-221">
[220]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 24 December 2019,
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Wuhan_Central_Hospital" title="Wuhan Central Hospital">
Wuhan Central Hospital
</a>
sent a
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Bronchoalveolar_lavage_fluid" title="Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid">
bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
</a>
(BAL) sample from an unresolved clinical case to sequencing company Vision Medicals.
<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">
[
<i>
<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">
<span title="citation needed for company used (February 2021)">
citation needed
</span>
</a>
</i>
]
</sup>
On 27 and 28 December, Vision Medicals informed the Wuhan Central Hospital and the Chinese CDC of the results of the test, showing a
<a href="/wiki/Novel_coronavirus" title="Novel coronavirus">
new coronavirus
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-caixintrace_222-0">
<a href="#cite_note-caixintrace-222">
[221]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-223">
<a href="#cite_note-223">
[222]
</a>
</sup>
A pneumonia cluster of unknown cause was observed on 26 December and treated by the doctor
<a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jixian" title="Zhang Jixian">
Zhang Jixian
</a>
in Hubei Provincial Hospital, who informed the Wuhan Jianghan CDC on 27 December.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-D54YB_224-0">
<a href="#cite_note-D54YB-224">
[223]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 30 December 2019, a test report addressed to Wuhan Central Hospital, from company CapitalBio Medlab, stated that there was an erroneous positive result for
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/SARS" title="SARS">
SARS
</a>
, causing a group of doctors at Wuhan Central Hospital to alert their colleagues and relevant hospital authorities of the result. Eight of those doctors, including
<a href="/wiki/Li_Wenliang" title="Li Wenliang">
Li Wenliang
</a>
(who was also punished on 3
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
January),
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-siStf_225-0">
<a href="#cite_note-siStf-225">
[224]
</a>
</sup>
were later admonished by the police for spreading false rumours; and another doctor,
<a href="/wiki/Ai_Fen" title="Ai Fen">
Ai Fen
</a>
, was reprimanded by her superiors for raising the alarm.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200311theguardian_226-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200311theguardian-226">
[225]
</a>
</sup>
That evening, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission issued a notice to various medical institutions about "the treatment of pneumonia of unknown cause".
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-promedmail6864153_227-0">
<a href="#cite_note-promedmail6864153-227">
[226]
</a>
</sup>
The next day, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission made the first public announcement of a pneumonia outbreak of unknown cause, confirming 27 cases
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-69_228-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-69-228">
[227]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PYMIR_229-0">
<a href="#cite_note-PYMIR-229">
[228]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-68_230-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-68-230">
[229]
</a>
</sup>
—enough to trigger an investigation.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc50984025_231-0">
<a href="#cite_note-bbc50984025-231">
[230]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
The following day, on 31 December, the WHO office in China was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO_report_232-0">
<a href="#cite_note-WHO_report-232">
[231]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-69_228-1">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-69-228">
[227]
</a>
</sup>
An investigation was launched at the start of January 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc50984025_231-1">
<a href="#cite_note-bbc50984025-231">
[230]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
According to official Chinese sources, the early cases were mostly linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, which also sold live animals.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-characteristicsZH_233-0">
<a href="#cite_note-characteristicsZH-233">
[232]
</a>
</sup>
However, in May 2020,
<a href="/wiki/George_F._Gao" title="George F. Gao">
George Gao
</a>
, the director of the
<a href="/wiki/Chinese_Center_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention">
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
</a>
, said animal samples collected from the seafood market had tested negative for the virus, indicating the market was not the source of the initial outbreak.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ALmAQ_234-0">
<a href="#cite_note-ALmAQ-234">
[233]
</a>
</sup>
In March 2021, the WHO published their report on the potential zoonotic source of the virus. The WHO concluded that human spillover via an intermediate animal host was the most likely explanation, with direct spillover from bats next most likely and introduction through the food supply chain as another possible explanation.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-who-origins-20210330_2-1">
<a href="#cite_note-who-origins-20210330-2">
[2]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:5_26-1">
<a href="#cite_note-:5-26">
[26]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="2020">
2020
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Timelines of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 by month:
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">
January
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">
February
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">
March
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">
April
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">
May
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">
June
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">
July
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">
August
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">
September
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">
October
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">
November
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">
December
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="4032" data-file-width="3024" decoding="async" height="227" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg/170px-2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg/255px-2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg/340px-2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg 2x" width="170"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Chinese medics in the city of
<a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">
Huanggang
</a>
, Hubei on 20 March 2020
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
From 31 December 2019 to 3 January 2020, a total of 44 cases of "pneumonia of unknown causes" were reported to WHO by the Chinese authorities.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-235">
<a href="#cite_note-235">
[234]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 11 January, WHO received further information from the Chinese National Health Commission that the outbreak is associated with exposures in one seafood market in Wuhan, and that the Chinese authorities had identified a new type of coronavirus, which was isolated on 7 January.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO_report_232-1">
<a href="#cite_note-WHO_report-232">
[231]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
During the early stages of the outbreak, the number of cases doubled approximately every seven and a half days.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Qun29Jan2020_236-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Qun29Jan2020-236">
[235]
</a>
</sup>
In early and mid-January, the virus spread to other
<a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">
Chinese provinces
</a>
, helped by the
<a href="/wiki/Chunyun" title="Chunyun">
Chinese New Year migration
</a>
and Wuhan being a transport hub and major rail interchange.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO_report_28_February_2020_237-0">
<a href="#cite_note-WHO_report_28_February_2020-237">
[236]
</a>
</sup>
On 10 January, the SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequence data was shared through
<a href="/wiki/GISAID" title="GISAID">
GISAID
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-238">
<a href="#cite_note-238">
[237]
</a>
</sup>
On 20 January, China reported nearly 140 new cases in one day, including two people in Beijing and one in
<a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">
Shenzhen
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-france2420200120_239-0">
<a href="#cite_note-france2420200120-239">
[238]
</a>
</sup>
A retrospective official study published in March found that 6,174 people had already developed symptoms by 20 January (most of them would be diagnosed later)
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Epidemiology17Feb2020_240-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Epidemiology17Feb2020-240">
[239]
</a>
</sup>
and more may have been infected.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-flattery_241-0">
<a href="#cite_note-flattery-241">
[240]
</a>
</sup>
A report in
<i>
<a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">
The Lancet
</a>
</i>
on 24 January indicated human transmission, strongly recommended
<a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">
personal protective equipment
</a>
for health workers, and said testing for the virus was essential due to its "pandemic potential".
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Huang24Jan2020_42-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Huang24Jan2020-42">
[42]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Horton_18_March_242-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Horton_18_March-242">
[241]
</a>
</sup>
On 31 January,
<i>
The Lancet
</i>
would publish the first modelling study explicitly warning of inevitable "independent self-sustaining outbreaks in major cities globally" and calling for "large-scale public health interventions."
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pmid32014114_243-0">
<a href="#cite_note-pmid32014114-243">
[242]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 30 January, with 7,818 confirmed cases across 19 countries, the WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a
<a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Emergency_of_International_Concern" title="Public Health Emergency of International Concern">
Public Health Emergency of International Concern
</a>
(PHEIC),
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO_PHEICSR_244-0">
<a href="#cite_note-WHO_PHEICSR-244">
[243]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO_PHEIC_decl2_245-0">
<a href="#cite_note-WHO_PHEIC_decl2-245">
[244]
</a>
</sup>
and then a
<a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">
pandemic
</a>
on 11 March 2020
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO_pandemicSR_246-0">
<a href="#cite_note-WHO_pandemicSR-246">
[245]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHOpandemic_247-0">
<a href="#cite_note-WHOpandemic-247">
[246]
</a>
</sup>
as Italy, Iran, South Korea, and Japan reported increasing numbers of cases.
</p>
<p>
On 31 January, Italy had its first confirmed cases, two tourists from China.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Corriere_20Jan_248-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Corriere_20Jan-248">
[247]
</a>
</sup>
On 19 March, Italy overtook China as the country with the most reported deaths.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sky11960412_249-0">
<a href="#cite_note-sky11960412-249">
[248]
</a>
</sup>
By 26 March, the United States had overtaken China and Italy with the highest number of confirmed cases in the world.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT-20200326_250-0">
<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20200326-250">
[249]
</a>
</sup>
Research on SARS-CoV-2 genomes indicates the majority of COVID-19 cases in
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)">
New York
</a>
came from European travellers, rather than directly from China or any other Asian country.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200408nytimes_251-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200408nytimes-251">
[250]
</a>
</sup>
Retesting of prior samples found a person in France who had the virus on 27 December 2019
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-France-retest_252-0">
<a href="#cite_note-France-retest-252">
[251]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Deslandes_2020_253-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Deslandes_2020-253">
[252]
</a>
</sup>
and a person in the United States who died from the disease on 6
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
February 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PBS-2wks_254-0">
<a href="#cite_note-PBS-2wks-254">
[253]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi,_Ukraine.jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2338" data-file-width="3500" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg/220px-COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg/330px-COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg/440px-COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi,_Ukraine.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
A patient in Ukraine in May 2020 wears a
<a href="/wiki/Diving_mask" title="Diving mask">
scuba mask
</a>
in the absence of
<a href="/wiki/Artificial_ventilation" title="Artificial ventilation">
artificial ventilation
</a>
.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
On 11 June, after 55 days without a locally transmitted case being officially reported,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-scmp-markets_255-0">
<a href="#cite_note-scmp-markets-255">
[254]
</a>
</sup>
the city of Beijing reported a single COVID-19 case, followed by two more cases on 12 June.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Vlsb1_256-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Vlsb1-256">
[255]
</a>
</sup>
As of 15 June 2020, 79 cases were officially confirmed.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wAsR1_257-0">
<a href="#cite_note-wAsR1-257">
[256]
</a>
</sup>
Most of these patients went to
<a href="/wiki/Xinfadi_Market" title="Xinfadi Market">
Xinfadi Wholesale Market
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-scmp-markets_255-1">
<a href="#cite_note-scmp-markets-255">
[254]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-oOS1t_258-0">
<a href="#cite_note-oOS1t-258">
[257]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 29 June, WHO warned that the spread of the virus was still accelerating as countries reopened their economies, despite many countries having made progress in slowing down the spread.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HfGjG_259-0">
<a href="#cite_note-HfGjG-259">
[258]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 15 July, one COVID-19 case was officially reported in
<a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">
Dalian
</a>
in more than three months. The patient did not travel outside the city in the 14 days before developing symptoms, nor did he have contact with people from "areas of attention."
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-undercurrent_260-0">
<a href="#cite_note-undercurrent-260">
[259]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
In October, the WHO stated, at a special meeting of WHO leaders, that one in ten people around the world may have been infected with COVID-19. At the time, that translated to 780 million people being infected, while only 35 million infections had been confirmed.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc_oneinten_261-0">
<a href="#cite_note-bbc_oneinten-261">
[260]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
In early November, Denmark reported on
<a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">
an outbreak of a unique mutated variant
</a>
being transmitted to humans from
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Minks" title="Minks">
minks
</a>
in its
<a href="/wiki/North_Jutland_Region" title="North Jutland Region">
North Jutland Region
</a>
. All twelve human cases of the mutated variant were identified in September 2020. The WHO released a report saying the variant "had a combination of mutations or changes that have not been previously observed."
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5qH0Q_262-0">
<a href="#cite_note-5qH0Q-262">
[261]
</a>
</sup>
In response, Prime Minister
<a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">
Mette Frederiksen
</a>
ordered for the country – the world's largest producer of mink fur – to cull its mink population by as many as 17 million.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-y6eQ0_263-0">
<a href="#cite_note-y6eQ0-263">
[262]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 9 November,
<a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">
Pfizer
</a>
released their trial results for a candidate vaccine, showing that it is 90% effective against the virus.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FEv4C_264-0">
<a href="#cite_note-FEv4C-264">
[263]
</a>
</sup>
Later that day,
<a href="/wiki/Novavax" title="Novavax">
Novavax
</a>
entered an
<a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">
FDA
</a>
Fast Track application for their vaccine.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NPZ5P_265-0">
<a href="#cite_note-NPZ5P-265">
[264]
</a>
</sup>
Virologist and US
<a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases" title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases">
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
</a>
director
<a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">
Anthony Fauci
</a>
indicated that the Pfizer vaccine targets the spike protein used to infect cells by the virus. Some issues left to be answered are how long the vaccine offers protection, and if it offers the same level of protection to all ages. Initial doses will likely go to healthcare workers on the front lines.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-qAMCq_266-0">
<a href="#cite_note-qAMCq-266">
[265]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 9 November 2020, the United States surpassed 10 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, making it the country with the most cases worldwide by a large margin.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JCmUy_267-0">
<a href="#cite_note-JCmUy-267">
[266]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
It was reported on 27 November, that a publication released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicated that the number of viral infections are via confirmed laboratory test only. However, the true number could be about eight times the reported number; the report further indicated that the true number of virus infected cases
<i>
could be
</i>
around 100 million in the US.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-268">
<a href="#cite_note-268">
[267]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-269">
<a href="#cite_note-269">
[268]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 14 December,
<a href="/wiki/Public_Health_England" title="Public Health England">
Public Health England
</a>
reported a new variant had been discovered in the South East of England, predominantly in
<a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">
Kent
</a>
. The variant, named
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Variant_of_Concern_202012/01" title="Variant of Concern 202012/01">
Variant of Concern 202012/01
</a>
, showed changes to the
<a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_spike_protein" title="Coronavirus spike protein">
spike protein
</a>
which could make the virus more infectious. As of 13 December, there were 1,108 cases identified.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-270">
<a href="#cite_note-270">
[269]
</a>
</sup>
Many countries halted all flights from the UK;
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-271">
<a href="#cite_note-271">
[270]
</a>
</sup>
France-bound
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Eurotunnel" title="Eurotunnel">
Eurotunnel
</a>
service was suspended and ferries carrying passengers and accompanied freight were cancelled as the French border closed to people on 20 December.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-France_shuts_border_272-0">
<a href="#cite_note-France_shuts_border-272">
[271]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="2021">
2021
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Timelines of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021 by month:
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">
January
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">
February
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">
March
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">
April
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">
May
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">
June
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">
July
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">
August
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">
September
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">
October
</a>
</div>
<p>
On 2 January, VOC-202012/01, a variant of SARS-CoV-2 first discovered in the UK, had been identified in 33 countries around the world, including Pakistan, South Korea, Switzerland, Taiwan, Norway, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, India, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Iceland, and China.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-273">
<a href="#cite_note-273">
[272]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 6 January, the
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Lineage_P.1" title="Lineage P.1">
P.1 variant
</a>
was first identified in Japanese travellers who had just returned from Brazil.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-274">
<a href="#cite_note-274">
[273]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 12 January, it was reported that a team of scientists from the World Health Organization would arrive in Wuhan on the 14th of the month; this is to ascertain the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and determine what were the intermediate hosts between the original reservoir and humans.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-275">
<a href="#cite_note-275">
[274]
</a>
</sup>
On the following day, two of the WHO members were barred from entering China because, according to the country, antibodies for the virus were detected in both.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-276">
<a href="#cite_note-276">
[275]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 29 January, it was reported that the Novavax vaccine was only 49% effective against the 501.V2 variant in a clinical trial in South Africa.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-277">
<a href="#cite_note-277">
[276]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-278">
<a href="#cite_note-278">
[277]
</a>
</sup>
The China COVID-19 vaccine CoronaVac indicated 50.4% effectivity in a Brazil clinical trial.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-279">
<a href="#cite_note-279">
[278]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 12 March, it was reported that several countries, including Thailand, Denmark, Bulgaria, Norway and Iceland, had stopped using the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine due to what was being called severe blood clotting problems, a
<a href="/wiki/Cerebral_venous_sinus_thrombosis" title="Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis">
cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
</a>
(CVST). Additionally, Austria halted the use of one batch of the aforementioned vaccine as well.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-280">
<a href="#cite_note-280">
[279]
</a>
</sup>
On 20 March, the WHO and European Medicines Agency found no link between
<a href="/wiki/Thrombus" title="Thrombus">
thrombus
</a>
(a blood clot of clinical importance), leading several European countries to resume administering the AstraZeneca vaccine.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-281">
<a href="#cite_note-281">
[280]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 29 March, it was reported that the US government was planning to introduce
<a href="/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation#Digital_vaccination_passport" title="Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">
COVID-19 vaccination 'passports'
</a>
to allow those who have been vaccinated the ability to board aeroplanes, cruise ships as well as other activities.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-282">
<a href="#cite_note-282">
[281]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
In April and May, a severe wave of infections hit India, where the
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">
Delta variant
</a>
was first identified. In mid-April, the variant was first detected in the UK and two months later it has catalysed a third wave in the country, forcing the government to delay the full reopening from lockdown which was originally scheduled on 21 June.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-283">
<a href="#cite_note-283">
[282]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 11 August, the developers of
<a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">
Sputnik V
</a>
offered the first component of that two-dose vaccine, '
<a href="/wiki/Sputnik_Light" title="Sputnik Light">
Sputnik Light
</a>
' (Ad26), to
<a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">
Pfizer
</a>
for trial as a booster against the Delta variant.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-284">
<a href="#cite_note-284">
[283]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-285">
<a href="#cite_note-285">
[284]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 31 August, The National Institute for Communicable Diseases (South Africa) indicated a potential variant of interest known as C.1.2; it has been identified in the entire country and abroad.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-286">
<a href="#cite_note-286">
[285]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 3 September Dr. Anthony Fauci, medical adviser to President Biden and Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, indicated that 3 doses of vaccine for COVID-19 will become the new norm.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-287">
<a href="#cite_note-287">
[286]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
As of 23 October 2021, more than 243
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
million cases have been reported worldwide due to COVID-19; more than 4.94
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
million have died.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-5">
<a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">
[4]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="National_responses">
National responses
</span>
</h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main articles:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">
COVID-19 lockdowns
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">
COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory
</a>
, and
<a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">
National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_(49627907646).jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2000" data-file-width="3000" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_(49627907646).jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Then-US President
<a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">
Donald Trump
</a>
signs the
<a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Preparedness_and_Response_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2020" title="Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020">
Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act
</a>
into law with
<a href="/wiki/Alex_Azar" title="Alex Azar">
Alex Azar
</a>
on 6
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
March 2020.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Due to the
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">
pandemic in Europe
</a>
, many countries in the
<a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">
Schengen Area
</a>
have restricted free movement and set up border controls.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-iR2Oj_288-0">
<a href="#cite_note-iR2Oj-288">
[287]
</a>
</sup>
National reactions have included containment measures such as
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Curfews_and_lockdowns_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Curfews and lockdowns related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
quarantines and curfews
</a>
(known as
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Stay-at-home_orders" title="Stay-at-home orders">
stay-at-home orders
</a>
, shelter-in-place orders, or lockdowns).
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IVdfl_289-0">
<a href="#cite_note-IVdfl-289">
[288]
</a>
</sup>
The WHO's recommendation on curfews and lockdowns is that they should be short-term measures to reorganise, regroup, rebalance resources, and protect health workers who are exhausted. To achieve a balance between restrictions and normal life, the long-term responses to the pandemic should consist of strict personal hygiene, effective contact tracing, and isolating when ill.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58tIM_290-0">
<a href="#cite_note-58tIM-290">
[289]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
By 26 March 2020, 1.7 billion people worldwide were under some form of lockdown,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-theguardian500000_291-0">
<a href="#cite_note-theguardian500000-291">
[290]
</a>
</sup>
which increased to 3.9 billion people by the first week of April—more than half the
<a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">
world's population
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200403euronews_292-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200403euronews-292">
[291]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200328businessinsider_293-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200328businessinsider-293">
[292]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
By late April 2020, around 300 million people were under lockdown in nations of Europe, including but not limited to
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">
Italy
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">
Spain
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">
France
</a>
, and the
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">
United Kingdom
</a>
, while around 200 million people were under lockdown in Latin America.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-end_april_294-0">
<a href="#cite_note-end_april-294">
[293]
</a>
</sup>
Nearly 300 million people, or about 90 per cent of the population, were under some form of lockdown in the United States,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200402businessinsider_295-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200402businessinsider-295">
[294]
</a>
</sup>
around 100 million people in the Philippines,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-end_april_294-1">
<a href="#cite_note-end_april-294">
[293]
</a>
</sup>
about 59 million people in
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">
South Africa
</a>
,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200327nytimes_296-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200327nytimes-296">
[295]
</a>
</sup>
and 1.3 billion people have been under
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_India" title="COVID-19 lockdown in India">
lockdown in India
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200329theguardian_297-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200329theguardian-297">
[296]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aljazeera2003270945_298-0">
<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2003270945-298">
[297]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Asia">
Asia
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">
COVID-19 pandemic in Asia
</a>
</div>
<p>
As of 30 April 2020,
<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;">
<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">
[update]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Tajik1st_299-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Tajik1st-299">
[298]
</a>
</sup>
cases have been reported in all Asian countries except for
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan">
Turkmenistan
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea">
North Korea
</a>
, although these countries likely also have cases.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc52186521_300-0">
<a href="#cite_note-bbc52186521-300">
[299]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc52146989_301-0">
<a href="#cite_note-bbc52146989-301">
[300]
</a>
</sup>
Despite being the first area of the world hit by the outbreak, the early wide-scale response of some Asian states, particularly
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bhutan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bhutan">
Bhutan
</a>
,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-302">
<a href="#cite_note-302">
[301]
</a>
</sup>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore">
Singapore
</a>
,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-303">
<a href="#cite_note-303">
[302]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-304">
<a href="#cite_note-304">
[303]
</a>
</sup>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Taiwan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan">
Taiwan
</a>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Nation_Taiwan_305-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Nation_Taiwan-305">
[304]
</a>
</sup>
and
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam">
Vietnam
</a>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7news973119_306-0">
<a href="#cite_note-7news973119-306">
[305]
</a>
</sup>
has allowed them to fare comparatively well. China is criticised for initially minimising the severity of the outbreak, but the delayed wide-scale response has largely contained the disease since March 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:0_307-0">
<a href="#cite_note-:0-307">
[306]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-308">
<a href="#cite_note-308">
[307]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
In
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">
Japan
</a>
, the pandemic has been believed to have caused direct side effects in regards to mental health. According to the report by the country's
<a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_(Japan)" title="National Police Agency (Japan)">
National Police Agency
</a>
, suicides had increased to 2,153 in October 2020. Experts also state that the pandemic has worsened mental health issues due to lockdowns and isolation from family members, among other issues.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-309">
<a href="#cite_note-309">
[308]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="China">
China
</span>
</h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">
COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3024" data-file-width="4032" decoding="async" height="165" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg/220px-%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg/330px-%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg/440px-%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
A
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Fangcang_Hospital" title="Fangcang Hospital">
temporary hospital
</a>
constructed in
<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">
Wuhan
</a>
in February 2020
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
As of 14 July 2020, there are 83,545 cases confirmed in China—excluding 114 asymptomatic cases, 62 of which were imported, under medical observation; asymptomatic cases have not been reported prior to 31 March 2020—with 4,634 deaths and 78,509 recoveries,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-llOna_310-0">
<a href="#cite_note-llOna-310">
[309]
</a>
</sup>
meaning there are only 402 cases. Hubei has the most cases, followed by
<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">
Xinjiang
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-xS8Ev_311-0">
<a href="#cite_note-xS8Ev-311">
[310]
</a>
</sup>
By March 2020, COVID-19 infections were largely put under control in China,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:0_307-1">
<a href="#cite_note-:0-307">
[306]
</a>
</sup>
with minor outbreaks since.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-312">
<a href="#cite_note-312">
[311]
</a>
</sup>
It was reported on 25 November 2020, that some 1 million people in the country of China had been vaccinated according to China's state council; the vaccines against COVID-19 came from
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/BBIBP-CorV" title="BBIBP-CorV">
Sinopharm
</a>
, which makes two, and one produced by
<a href="/wiki/CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">
Sinovac
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-313">
<a href="#cite_note-313">
[312]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
However, throughout the pandemic, multiple sources have cast doubt upon the accuracy of China's official numbers for deaths and infections of COVID-19 during the initial outbreak, with some suggesting intentional suppression of data.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-314">
<a href="#cite_note-314">
[313]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-315">
<a href="#cite_note-315">
[314]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-316">
<a href="#cite_note-316">
[315]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="India">
India
</span>
</h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">
COVID-19 pandemic in India
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="871" data-file-width="959" decoding="async" height="154" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg/170px-Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg/255px-Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg/340px-Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg 2x" width="170"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Indian officials conducting temperature checks at the
<a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra" title="Ratha Yatra">
Ratha Yatra
</a>
Hindu festival on 23 June 2020
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The first case of COVID-19 in India was reported on 30 January 2020. India ordered a nationwide lockdown for the entire population starting 24 March 2020,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mrGsK_317-0">
<a href="#cite_note-mrGsK-317">
[316]
</a>
</sup>
with a phased unlock beginning 1 June 2020. Six cities account for around half of all reported cases in the country—
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra">
Mumbai
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delhi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi">
Delhi
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gujarat" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat">
Ahmedabad
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu">
Chennai
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra">
Pune
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Bengal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal">
Kolkata
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sHMHJ_318-0">
<a href="#cite_note-sHMHJ-318">
[317]
</a>
</sup>
On 10 June 2020, India's recoveries exceeded active cases for the first time.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-P0IqK_319-0">
<a href="#cite_note-P0IqK-319">
[318]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 30 August 2020, India surpassed the US record for the most cases in a single day, with more than 78,000 cases,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2it1s_320-0">
<a href="#cite_note-2it1s-320">
[319]
</a>
</sup>
and set a new record on 16 September 2020, with almost 98,000 cases reported that day.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-321">
<a href="#cite_note-321">
[320]
</a>
</sup>
As of 30 August 2020, India's case fatality rate is relatively low at 2.3%, against the global 4.7%.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SYon7_322-0">
<a href="#cite_note-SYon7-322">
[321]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">
[
<i>
<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">
<span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (February 2021)">
needs update
</span>
</a>
</i>
]
</sup>
</p>
<p>
As of September 2020, India had the largest number of
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">
confirmed cases in Asia
</a>
;
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-asia_first_323-0">
<a href="#cite_note-asia_first-323">
[322]
</a>
</sup>
and the second-highest number of confirmed cases in the world,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-E8R37_324-0">
<a href="#cite_note-E8R37-324">
[323]
</a>
</sup>
behind the
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">
United States
</a>
,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5yBLb_325-0">
<a href="#cite_note-5yBLb-325">
[324]
</a>
</sup>
with the number of total confirmed cases breaching the 100,000 mark on 19 May 2020,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2ACPr_326-0">
<a href="#cite_note-2ACPr-326">
[325]
</a>
</sup>
1,000,000 on 16 July 2020,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dT4iD_327-0">
<a href="#cite_note-dT4iD-327">
[326]
</a>
</sup>
and 5,000,000 confirmed cases on 16 September 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-btBce_328-0">
<a href="#cite_note-btBce-328">
[327]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 19 December 2020, India crossed the total number of 10,000,000 confirmed cases but with a slow pace.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-329">
<a href="#cite_note-329">
[328]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
The Indian Ministry of Science initiated a mathematical simulation of the pandemic, the so-called "Indian Supermodel", which correctly predicted the decrease of active cases starting in September 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-330">
<a href="#cite_note-330">
[329]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
A second wave hit India in April 2021, placing healthcare services under severe strain.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-331">
<a href="#cite_note-331">
[330]
</a>
</sup>
By late April, the government was reporting over 300,000 new infections and 2,000 deaths per day, with concerns of undercounting.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-332">
<a href="#cite_note-332">
[331]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Iran">
Iran
</span>
</h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iran" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iran">
COVID-19 pandemic in Iran
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="635" data-file-width="1050" decoding="async" height="133" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg/220px-Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg/330px-Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg/440px-Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Disinfection of
<a href="/wiki/Tehran_Metro" title="Tehran Metro">
Tehran Metro
</a>
trains against COVID-19 transmission. Similar measures have also been taken in other countries.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2kQpo_333-0">
<a href="#cite_note-2kQpo-333">
[332]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Iran reported its first confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections on 19 February 2020 in
<a href="/wiki/Qom" title="Qom">
Qom
</a>
, where, according to the
<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Medical_Education" title="Ministry of Health and Medical Education">
Ministry of Health and Medical Education
</a>
, two people had died that day.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wHBRB_334-0">
<a href="#cite_note-wHBRB-334">
[333]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4yrqM_335-0">
<a href="#cite_note-4yrqM-335">
[334]
</a>
</sup>
Early measures announced by the government included the cancellation of concerts and other cultural events,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Xm5nq_336-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Xm5nq-336">
[335]
</a>
</sup>
sporting events,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aEO6O_337-0">
<a href="#cite_note-aEO6O-337">
[336]
</a>
</sup>
Friday prayers,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Urdn6_338-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Urdn6-338">
[337]
</a>
</sup>
and closures of universities, higher education institutions, and schools.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2YX6a_339-0">
<a href="#cite_note-2YX6a-339">
[338]
</a>
</sup>
Iran allocated 5
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
trillion
<a href="/wiki/Iranian_rial" title="Iranian rial">
rials
</a>
(equivalent to
<span style="white-space: nowrap">
US$120,000,000
</span>
) to combat the virus.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-grT4c_340-0">
<a href="#cite_note-grT4c-340">
[339]
</a>
</sup>
President
<a href="/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani" title="Hassan Rouhani">
Hassan Rouhani
</a>
said on 26 February 2020 there were no plans to quarantine areas affected by the outbreak, and only individuals would be quarantined.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BEhed_341-0">
<a href="#cite_note-BEhed-341">
[340]
</a>
</sup>
Plans to limit travel between cities were announced in March 2020,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBqei_342-0">
<a href="#cite_note-BBqei-342">
[341]
</a>
</sup>
although heavy traffic between cities ahead of the Persian New Year
<a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">
Nowruz
</a>
continued.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc24032020_343-0">
<a href="#cite_note-bbc24032020-343">
[342]
</a>
</sup>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Shia" title="Shia">
Shia
</a>
shrines in Qom remained open to pilgrims until 16 March.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HhmZ1_344-0">
<a href="#cite_note-HhmZ1-344">
[343]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-iran_shrines_345-0">
<a href="#cite_note-iran_shrines-345">
[344]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
Iran became a centre of the spread of the virus after China in February 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HHOnl_346-0">
<a href="#cite_note-HHOnl-346">
[345]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-newyorker_347-0">
<a href="#cite_note-newyorker-347">
[346]
</a>
</sup>
More than ten countries had traced their cases back to Iran by 28 February, indicating the outbreak may have been more severe than the 388 cases reported by the Iranian government by that date.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-newyorker_347-1">
<a href="#cite_note-newyorker-347">
[346]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-D2Xpc_348-0">
<a href="#cite_note-D2Xpc-348">
[347]
</a>
</sup>
The
<a href="/wiki/Islamic_Consultative_Assembly" title="Islamic Consultative Assembly">
Iranian Parliament
</a>
was shut down, with 23 of its 290 members reported to have had tested positive for the virus on 3
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
March 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-fXv2K_349-0">
<a href="#cite_note-fXv2K-349">
[348]
</a>
</sup>
On 15 March 2020, the Iranian government reported a hundred deaths in a single day, the most recorded in the country since the outbreak began.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-omeCS_350-0">
<a href="#cite_note-omeCS-350">
[349]
</a>
</sup>
At least twelve sitting or former Iranian politicians and government officials had died from the disease by 17 March 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-oxtUC_351-0">
<a href="#cite_note-oxtUC-351">
[350]
</a>
</sup>
By 23 March 2020, Iran was experiencing fifty new cases every hour and one new death every ten minutes due to COVID-19.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-V0Gmj_352-0">
<a href="#cite_note-V0Gmj-352">
[351]
</a>
</sup>
According to a WHO official, there may be five times more cases in Iran than what is being reported. It is also suggested that US sanctions on Iran may be affecting the country's financial ability to respond to the viral outbreak.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9upke_353-0">
<a href="#cite_note-9upke-353">
[352]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 20 April 2020, Iran reopened shopping malls and other shopping areas across the country.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-yahoo080329918_354-0">
<a href="#cite_note-yahoo080329918-354">
[353]
</a>
</sup>
After reaching a low in new cases in early May, a new peak was reported on 4
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
June 2020, raising fear of a second wave.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ibeNh_355-0">
<a href="#cite_note-ibeNh-355">
[354]
</a>
</sup>
On 18 July 2020, President Rouhani estimated that 25 million Iranians had already become infected, which is considerably higher than the official count.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-reuters_july2020_356-0">
<a href="#cite_note-reuters_july2020-356">
[355]
</a>
</sup>
Leaked data
<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">
[
<i>
<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">
<span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (August 2021)">
who?
</span>
</a>
</i>
]
</sup>
suggest that 42,000 people had died with COVID-19 symptoms by 20 July 2020, nearly tripling the 14,405 officially reported by that date.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-QtjEU_357-0">
<a href="#cite_note-QtjEU-357">
[356]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
In August 2021, the pandemic was in its the fifth wave in the country with more than 400 deaths in 1 day according to the official reported statistics.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-358">
<a href="#cite_note-358">
[357]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="South_Korea">
South Korea
</span>
</h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea">
COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1597" data-file-width="2400" decoding="async" height="146" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg/220px-Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg/330px-Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg/440px-Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
A
<a href="/wiki/Drive-through" title="Drive-through">
drive-through
</a>
test centre at the
<a href="/wiki/Gyeongju" title="Gyeongju">
Gyeongju
</a>
Public Health Centre
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
COVID-19 was confirmed to have spread to South Korea on 20 January 2020 from China. The nation's health agency reported a significant increase in confirmed cases on 20 February,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ThomReut_SKorea_zombie_359-0">
<a href="#cite_note-ThomReut_SKorea_zombie-359">
[358]
</a>
</sup>
largely attributed to a gathering in
<a href="/wiki/Daegu" title="Daegu">
Daegu
</a>
of the
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Shincheonji_Church_of_Jesus_the_Temple_of_the_Tabernacle_of_the_Testimony" title="Shincheonji Church of Jesus the Temple of the Tabernacle of the Testimony">
Shincheonji Church of Jesus
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ThomReut_SKorea_zombie_359-1">
<a href="#cite_note-ThomReut_SKorea_zombie-359">
[358]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-zMJnB_360-0">
<a href="#cite_note-zMJnB-360">
[359]
</a>
</sup>
Shincheonji devotees visiting Daegu from Wuhan were suspected to be the origin of the outbreak.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-b82186_361-0">
<a href="#cite_note-b82186-361">
[360]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-koreabiomed_362-0">
<a href="#cite_note-koreabiomed-362">
[361]
</a>
</sup>
By 22 February
<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;">
<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">
[update]
</a>
</sup>
, among 9,336 followers of the church, 1,261 or about 13 per cent reported symptoms.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BOQ2O_363-0">
<a href="#cite_note-BOQ2O-363">
[362]
</a>
</sup>
South Korea declared the highest level of alert on 23 February 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-GKvzB_364-0">
<a href="#cite_note-GKvzB-364">
[363]
</a>
</sup>
On 29 February, more than 3,150 confirmed cases were reported.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SPmG7_365-0">
<a href="#cite_note-SPmG7-365">
[364]
</a>
</sup>
All South Korean military bases were quarantined after tests showed three soldiers had the virus.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-b82186_361-1">
<a href="#cite_note-b82186-361">
[360]
</a>
</sup>
Airline schedules were also changed.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-l2hq3_366-0">
<a href="#cite_note-l2hq3-366">
[365]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-iLVLj_367-0">
<a href="#cite_note-iLVLj-367">
[366]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
South Korea introduced what was considered the largest and best-organised programme in the world to screen the population for the virus, isolate any infected people, and trace and quarantine those who contacted them.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-science20200317_368-0">
<a href="#cite_note-science20200317-368">
[367]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mNKf7_369-0">
<a href="#cite_note-mNKf7-369">
[368]
</a>
</sup>
Screening methods included mandatory self-reporting of symptoms by new international arrivals through mobile application,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nbcnews1167376_370-0">
<a href="#cite_note-nbcnews1167376-370">
[369]
</a>
</sup>
<a href="/wiki/Drive-through" title="Drive-through">
drive-through
</a>
testing for the virus with the results available the next day,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CvyZS_371-0">
<a href="#cite_note-CvyZS-371">
[370]
</a>
</sup>
and increasing testing capability to allow up to 20,000 people to be tested every day.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-fdhQW_372-0">
<a href="#cite_note-fdhQW-372">
[371]
</a>
</sup>
Despite some early criticisms of President
<a href="/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">
Moon Jae-in
</a>
's response to the crisis,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-imx38_373-0">
<a href="#cite_note-imx38-373">
[372]
</a>
</sup>
South Korea's programme is considered a success in controlling the outbreak without quarantining entire cities.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-science20200317_368-1">
<a href="#cite_note-science20200317-368">
[367]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wypis_374-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Wypis-374">
[373]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-joins23778577_375-0">
<a href="#cite_note-joins23778577-375">
[374]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 23 March 2020, it was reported that South Korea had the lowest one-day case total in four weeks.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-fdhQW_372-1">
<a href="#cite_note-fdhQW-372">
[371]
</a>
</sup>
On 29 March, it was reported that beginning 1
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
April all new overseas arrivals will be quarantined for two weeks.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-yahoo013830705_376-0">
<a href="#cite_note-yahoo013830705-376">
[375]
</a>
</sup>
Per media reports on 1
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
April, South Korea has received requests for virus testing assistance from 121 different countries.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-U0Hrf_377-0">
<a href="#cite_note-U0Hrf-377">
[376]
</a>
</sup>
Persistent local groups of infections in the greater Seoul area continued to be found, which led to Korea's CDC director saying in June that the country had entered the second wave of infections,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-gKU7Q_378-0">
<a href="#cite_note-gKU7Q-378">
[377]
</a>
</sup>
although a WHO official disagreed with that assessment.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tfxTS_379-0">
<a href="#cite_note-tfxTS-379">
[378]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Europe">
Europe
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">
COVID-19 pandemic in Europe
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1457" data-file-width="1440" decoding="async" height="304" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg/300px-Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg/450px-Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg/600px-Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg.png 2x" width="300"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Deaths per 100,000 residents
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="excerpt-block">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="excerpt">
<p>
The first case in Europe was confirmed in Bordeaux, France, on 24 January 2020.
</p>
<p>
By 13 March 2020, when the number of reported new cases of
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">
COVID-19
</a>
became greater than those in China, the
<a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">
World Health Organization
</a>
(WHO) began to consider Europe the active centre of the COVID-19 pandemic.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-380">
<a href="#cite_note-380">
[379]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-381">
<a href="#cite_note-381">
[380]
</a>
</sup>
By 22 May 2020, the WHO said that
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">
South America
</a>
was now experiencing a worse outbreak.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-382">
<a href="#cite_note-382">
[381]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
By 17 March 2020, all countries within Europe had a confirmed case of COVID-19, with Montenegro being the last European country to report at least one case.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-383">
<a href="#cite_note-383">
[382]
</a>
</sup>
At least one death has been reported in all European countries, apart from the Vatican City.
</p>
<p>
By 18 March 2020, more than 250 million people were in
<a href="/wiki/Stay-at-home_order" title="Stay-at-home order">
lockdown
</a>
in Europe.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-384">
<a href="#cite_note-384">
[383]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
On 24 May 2020, 68 days since its first recorded case, Montenegro became the first COVID-free country in Europe,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-385">
<a href="#cite_note-385">
[384]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-386">
<a href="#cite_note-386">
[385]
</a>
</sup>
but this only lasted for 44 days before a newly imported case was identified there.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-387">
<a href="#cite_note-387">
[386]
</a>
</sup>
The European countries with the highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases are the
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">
United Kingdom
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">
Russia
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">
France
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">
Spain
</a>
, and
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">
Italy
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe_jhumap_388-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe_jhumap-388">
[387]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
<p>
On 21 August, it was reported the COVID-19 cases were climbing among younger individuals across Europe.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HFR3b_389-0">
<a href="#cite_note-HFR3b-389">
[388]
</a>
</sup>
On 21 November, it was reported by the Voice of America that Europe is the worst hit area by COVID-19, with numbers exceeding 15 million cases.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-390">
<a href="#cite_note-390">
[389]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="France">
France
</span>
</h4>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<div class="PopUpMediaTransform" id="mwe_player_2" style="width:220px;" videopayload='<div class="mediaContainer" style="width:854px"><video id="mwe_player_3" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/854px--Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" style="width:854px;height:480px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="74.802" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="SD VP9 (480P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 480P" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="1069224" data-framerate="29.97"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.480p.webm" type="video/webm; 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codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="Full HD WebM (1080P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 1080P" data-transcodekey="1080p.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" data-bandwidth="4153136" data-framerate="29.97"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Full HD VP9 (1080P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 1080P" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" data-bandwidth="4230176" data-framerate="29.97"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Original WebM file, 1,920 × 1,080 (10.51 Mbps)" data-shorttitle="WebM source" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" data-bandwidth="10514434" data-framerate="29.97"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.120p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; 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codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="Small WebM (240P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="332856" data-framerate="29.97"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Small VP9 (240P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="348000" data-framerate="29.97"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="VP9 (360P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="587400" data-framerate="29.97"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="WebM (360P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="587896" data-framerate="29.97"/></video></div>'>
<img alt="File:Paris Covid19 Avril 2020.webm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/220px--Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.jpg" style="width:220px;height:124px"/>
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<span class="mw-tmh-playtext">
Play media
</span>
</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Empty streets in Paris, 2020
</div>
</div>
</div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">
COVID-19 pandemic in France
</a>
</div>
<p>
Although it was originally thought the pandemic reached France on 24 January 2020, when the first COVID-19 case in Europe was confirmed in
<a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">
Bordeaux
</a>
, it was later discovered that a person near Paris had tested positive for the virus on 27 December 2019 after retesting old samples.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-France-retest_252-1">
<a href="#cite_note-France-retest-252">
[251]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Deslandes_2020_253-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Deslandes_2020-253">
[252]
</a>
</sup>
A key event in the spread of the disease in the country was the annual assembly of the
<a href="/wiki/Christian_Open_Door_Church" title="Christian Open Door Church">
Christian Open Door Church
</a>
between 17 and 24 February in
<a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">
Mulhouse
</a>
, which was attended by about 2,500 people, at least half of whom are believed to have contracted the virus.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-lepoint2369173_391-0">
<a href="#cite_note-lepoint2369173-391">
[390]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-francetvinfo3889133_392-0">
<a href="#cite_note-francetvinfo3889133-392">
[391]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 13 March, Prime Minister
<a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">
Édouard Philippe
</a>
ordered the closure of all non-essential public places,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc51892477_393-0">
<a href="#cite_note-bbc51892477-393">
[392]
</a>
</sup>
and on 16 March, French President
<a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">
Emmanuel Macron
</a>
announced mandatory home confinement, a policy which was extended at least until 11 May.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-394">
<a href="#cite_note-394">
[393]
</a>
</sup>
As of 14 September
<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;">
<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">
[update]
</a>
</sup>
, France has reported more than 402,000 confirmed cases, 30,000 deaths, and 90,000 recoveries,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dashboard_Covid19_France_395-0">
<a href="#cite_note-dashboard_Covid19_France-395">
[394]
</a>
</sup>
ranking fourth in number of confirmed cases.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoQ7-3_396-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoQ7-3-396">
[395]
</a>
</sup>
In April, there were riots in some
<a href="/wiki/Banlieue" title="Banlieue">
Paris suburbs
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-washingtonpost9881111_397-0">
<a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost9881111-397">
[396]
</a>
</sup>
On 18 May, it was reported that schools in France had to close again after reopening, due to COVID-19 case flare-ups.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-iqGod_398-0">
<a href="#cite_note-iqGod-398">
[397]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 12 November, it was reported that France had become the worst-hit country by the COVID-19 pandemic, in all of Europe, in the process surpassing Russia. The new total of confirmed cases was more than 1.8 million and counting; additionally it was indicated by the French government that the national lockdown would remain in place.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-W4fOQ_399-0">
<a href="#cite_note-W4fOQ-399">
[398]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Italy">
Italy
</span>
</h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">
COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Emergenza_coronavirus_(49496308758).jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1020" data-file-width="1361" decoding="async" height="165" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg/220px-Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg/330px-Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg/440px-Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Emergenza_coronavirus_(49496308758).jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
<a href="/wiki/Protezione_Civile" title="Protezione Civile">
Civil Protection
</a>
volunteers conduct health checks at the
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi_Airport" title="Guglielmo Marconi Airport">
Guglielmo Marconi Airport
</a>
in
<a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">
Bologna
</a>
on 5
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
February 2020.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The outbreak was confirmed to have spread to Italy on 31 January 2020, when two Chinese tourists tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Rome.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Corriere_20Jan_248-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Corriere_20Jan-248">
[247]
</a>
</sup>
Cases began to rise sharply, which prompted the Italian government to suspend all flights to and from China and declare a state of emergency.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-thelocal-flight_400-0">
<a href="#cite_note-thelocal-flight-400">
[399]
</a>
</sup>
An unassociated cluster of COVID-19 cases was later detected, starting with 16 confirmed cases in
<a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">
Lombardy
</a>
on 21 February 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ThomReut_IT_16cluster_21Feb_401-0">
<a href="#cite_note-ThomReut_IT_16cluster_21Feb-401">
[400]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 22 February 2020, the Council of Ministers announced a new decree-law to contain the outbreak, including quarantining more than 50,000 people from eleven different municipalities in northern Italy.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-201_402-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-201-402">
[401]
</a>
</sup>
Prime Minister
<a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">
Giuseppe Conte
</a>
said, "In the outbreak areas, entry and exit will not be provided. Suspension of work activities and sports events has already been ordered in those areas."
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-202_403-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-202-403">
[402]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-203_404-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-203-404">
[403]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 4 March 2020, the Italian government ordered the full closure of all schools and universities nationwide as Italy reached a hundred deaths. All major sporting events were to be held behind closed doors until April,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-gZcpG_405-0">
<a href="#cite_note-gZcpG-405">
[404]
</a>
</sup>
but on 9
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
March, all sport was suspended completely for at least one month.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kv4Ld_406-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Kv4Ld-406">
[405]
</a>
</sup>
On 11 March 2020, Prime Minister Conte ordered stoppage of nearly all commercial activity except supermarkets and pharmacies.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SWDJe_407-0">
<a href="#cite_note-SWDJe-407">
[406]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1B1Ui_408-0">
<a href="#cite_note-1B1Ui-408">
[407]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2652" data-file-width="3976" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg/220px-Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg/330px-Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg/440px-Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
An exhausted
<a href="/wiki/Anesthesiology" title="Anesthesiology">
anesthesiologist physician
</a>
in
<a href="/wiki/Pesaro" title="Pesaro">
Pesaro
</a>
, Italy, March 2020
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
On 6 March 2020, the Italian College of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) published
<a href="/wiki/Medical_ethics" title="Medical ethics">
medical ethics
</a>
recommendations regarding
<a href="/wiki/Triage" title="Triage">
triage
</a>
protocols.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ZtNSb_409-0">
<a href="#cite_note-ZtNSb-409">
[408]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dKNFI_410-0">
<a href="#cite_note-dKNFI-410">
[409]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-uSIDF_411-0">
<a href="#cite_note-uSIDF-411">
[410]
</a>
</sup>
On 19 March 2020, Italy overtook China as the country with the most COVID-19-related deaths in the world after reporting 3,405 fatalities from the pandemic.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-To26Y_412-0">
<a href="#cite_note-To26Y-412">
[411]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ClzT6_413-0">
<a href="#cite_note-ClzT6-413">
[412]
</a>
</sup>
On 22 March 2020, it was reported that Russia had sent nine military planes with medical equipment to Italy.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200323euractiv_414-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200323euractiv-414">
[413]
</a>
</sup>
As of 28 March
<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;">
<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">
[update]
</a>
</sup>
, there were 3,532,057 confirmed cases, 107,933 deaths, and 2,850,889 recoveries in Italy, with a large number of those cases occurring in the Lombardy region.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-6">
<a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">
[4]
</a>
</sup>
A CNN report indicated that the combination of Italy's large elderly population and inability to test all who have the virus to date may be contributing to the high fatality rate.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PJt9i_415-0">
<a href="#cite_note-PJt9i-415">
[414]
</a>
</sup>
On 19 April 2020, it was reported that the country had its lowest deaths at 433 in seven days and some businesses were asking for a loosening of restrictions after six weeks of lockdown.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-thehill493586_416-0">
<a href="#cite_note-thehill493586-416">
[415]
</a>
</sup>
On 13 October 2020, the Italian government again issued restrictive rules to contain a rise in infections.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-KhaW7_417-0">
<a href="#cite_note-KhaW7-417">
[416]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 11 November, it was reported that Silvestro Scotti, president of the Italian Federation of General Practitioners indicated that all of Italy should come under restrictions due to the spread of COVID-19. A couple of days prior Filippo Anelli, president of the National Federation of Doctor's Guilds (FNOMCEO) asked for a complete lockdown of the peninsular nation due to the pandemic.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fe7MN_418-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Fe7MN-418">
[417]
</a>
</sup>
On the 10th, a day before, Italy surpassed 1 million confirmed COVID-19 cases.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8XEwk_419-0">
<a href="#cite_note-8XEwk-419">
[418]
</a>
</sup>
On 23 November, it was reported that the second wave of the virus has caused some hospitals in Italy to stop accepting patients.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-420">
<a href="#cite_note-420">
[419]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Spain">
Spain
</span>
</h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">
COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3096" data-file-width="4128" decoding="async" height="165" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg/220px-2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg/330px-2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg/440px-2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Residents of
<a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">
Valencia
</a>
, Spain, maintaining social distancing while queueing (20 March 2020)
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="excerpt-block">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="excerpt">
<p>
The virus was first confirmed to have spread to
<a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">
Spain
</a>
on 31 January 2020, when a German tourist tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in
<a href="/wiki/La_Gomera" title="La Gomera">
La Gomera
</a>
, Canary Islands.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_SanidadConfirmaEnLaGomera_421-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_SanidadConfirmaEnLaGomera-421">
[420]
</a>
</sup>
Post-hoc genetic analysis has shown that at least 15 strains of the virus had been imported, and
<a href="/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)#Definition_and_related_terms" title="Transmission (medicine)">
community transmission
</a>
began by mid-February.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_genetic_analysis_422-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_genetic_analysis-422">
[421]
</a>
</sup>
By 13 March, cases had been confirmed in all 50 provinces of the country.
</p>
<p>
A partially unconstitutional lockdown was imposed on 14 March 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-423">
<a href="#cite_note-423">
[422]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_:9_424-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_:9-424">
[423]
</a>
</sup>
On 29 March, it was announced that, beginning the following day, all non-essential workers were ordered to remain at home for the next 14 days.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-425">
<a href="#cite_note-425">
[424]
</a>
</sup>
By late March, the
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Community of Madrid">
Community of Madrid
</a>
has recorded the most cases and deaths in the country. Medical professionals and those who live in retirement homes have experienced especially high infection rates.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_IrishTimes_426-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_IrishTimes-426">
[425]
</a>
</sup>
On 25 March, the official death toll in Spain surpassed
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">
that of mainland China
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-427">
<a href="#cite_note-427">
[426]
</a>
</sup>
On 2
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
April, 950 people died of the virus in a 24-hour period—at the time, the most by any country in a single day.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-428">
<a href="#cite_note-428">
[427]
</a>
</sup>
On 17 May, the daily death toll announced by the Spanish government fell below 100 for the first time,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-429">
<a href="#cite_note-429">
[428]
</a>
</sup>
and 1 June was the first day without deaths by COVID-19.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-430">
<a href="#cite_note-430">
[429]
</a>
</sup>
The state of alarm ended on 21 June.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_2020-06-22-elpais_431-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_2020-06-22-elpais-431">
[430]
</a>
</sup>
However, the number of cases increased again in July in a number of cities including
<a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">
Barcelona
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">
Zaragoza
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">
Madrid
</a>
, which led to reimposition of some restrictions but no national lockdown.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_bbc25july_432-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_bbc25july-432">
[431]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_elpais6aug_433-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_elpais6aug-433">
[432]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_telegraph_aug16_434-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_telegraph_aug16-434">
[433]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-435">
<a href="#cite_note-435">
[434]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
Studies have suggested that the number of infections and deaths may have been underestimated due to lack of testing and reporting, and many people with only mild or no symptoms were not tested.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-436">
<a href="#cite_note-436">
[435]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-437">
<a href="#cite_note-437">
[436]
</a>
</sup>
Reports in May suggested that, based on a sample of more than 63,000 people, the number of infections may be ten times higher than the number of confirmed cases by that date, and
<a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">
Madrid
</a>
and several provinces of
<a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">
Castilla–La Mancha
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">
Castile and León
</a>
were the most affected areas with a percentage of infection greater than 10%.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_Europa_Press-20200513_438-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_Europa_Press-20200513-438">
[437]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_Mundo-20200513_439-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_Mundo-20200513-439">
[438]
</a>
</sup>
There may also be as many as 15,815 more deaths according to the
<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Health (Spain)">
Spanish Ministry of Health
</a>
monitoring system on daily
<a href="/wiki/Mortality_displacement" title="Mortality displacement">
excess mortality
</a>
(Sistema de Monitorización de la Mortalidad Diaria – MoMo).
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_País-20200527_440-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_País-20200527-440">
[439]
</a>
</sup>
On 6 July 2020, the results of a
<a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">
Government of Spain
</a>
nationwide seroprevalence study showed that about two million people, or 5.2% of the population, could have been infected during the pandemic.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_RTVE-20200706_441-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_RTVE-20200706-441">
[440]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_País-20200706_442-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_País-20200706-442">
[441]
</a>
</sup>
Spain was the second country in Europe (behind Russia) to record half a million cases.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_half_million_443-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_half_million-443">
[442]
</a>
</sup>
On 21 October, Spain passed 1 million COVID-19 cases, with 1,005,295 infections and 34,366 deaths reported, a third of which occurred in Madrid.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-444">
<a href="#cite_note-444">
[443]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
As of September 2021, Spain is one of the countries with the highest percentage of its population vaccinated (76% fully vaccinated and 79% with the first dose),
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-445">
<a href="#cite_note-445">
[444]
</a>
</sup>
while also being one of the countries more in favor of vaccines against COVID-19 (nearly 94% of its population is already vaccinated or wants to be).
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-446">
<a href="#cite_note-446">
[445]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Sweden">
Sweden
</span>
</h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden">
COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden
</a>
</div>
<p>
Sweden differed from most other European countries in that it mostly remained open.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT20200515_447-0">
<a href="#cite_note-NYT20200515-447">
[446]
</a>
</sup>
Per the Swedish Constitution, the
<a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Agency_of_Sweden" title="Public Health Agency of Sweden">
Public Health Agency of Sweden
</a>
has autonomy which prevents political interference and the agency's policy favoured forgoing a lockdown. The Swedish strategy focused on measures that could be put in place over a longer period of time, based on the assumption that the virus would start spreading again after a shorter lockdown.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7ys2k_448-0">
<a href="#cite_note-7ys2k-448">
[447]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-I06mN_449-0">
<a href="#cite_note-I06mN-449">
[448]
</a>
</sup>
<i>
<a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">
The New York Times
</a>
</i>
said that, as of May 2020, the outbreak had been far deadlier there but the economic impact had been reduced as Swedes have continued to go to work, restaurants, and shopping.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT20200515_447-1">
<a href="#cite_note-NYT20200515-447">
[446]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BloombergOpen_450-0">
<a href="#cite_note-BloombergOpen-450">
[449]
</a>
</sup>
On 19 May, it was reported that the country had in the week of 12–19 May the highest per capita deaths in Europe, 6.25 deaths per million per day.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-yahoo162855274_451-0">
<a href="#cite_note-yahoo162855274-451">
[450]
</a>
</sup>
In the end of June, Sweden no longer had
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Excess_mortality" title="Excess mortality">
excess mortality
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HEUrz_452-0">
<a href="#cite_note-HEUrz-452">
[451]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="United_Kingdom">
United Kingdom
</span>
</h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">
COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
</a>
</div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
See also:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_England" title="COVID-19 pandemic in England">
COVID-19 pandemic in England
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland">
COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland">
COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland
</a>
, and
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wales">
COVID-19 pandemic in Wales
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Wee_Annie,_Kempock_Street,_face_mask.jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2877" data-file-width="2292" decoding="async" height="213" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg/170px-Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg/255px-Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg/340px-Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg 2x" width="170"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Wee_Annie,_Kempock_Street,_face_mask.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
The "Wee Annie" statue in
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Gourock,_Scotland" title="Gourock, Scotland">
Gourock
</a>
, Scotland, was given a face mask during the pandemic.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
<a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">
Devolution in the United Kingdom
</a>
meant that each of the four
<a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">
countries of the UK
</a>
had its own different response to COVID-19, and the UK government, on behalf of England, moved quicker to lift restrictions.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8VnMf_453-0">
<a href="#cite_note-8VnMf-453">
[452]
</a>
</sup>
The
<a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">
UK government
</a>
started enforcing social distancing and quarantine measures on 18 March 2020
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PkWGD_454-0">
<a href="#cite_note-PkWGD-454">
[453]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Pkx25_455-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Pkx25-455">
[454]
</a>
</sup>
and was criticised for a perceived lack of intensity in its response to concerns faced by the public.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-LlWkl_456-0">
<a href="#cite_note-LlWkl-456">
[455]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nsOiP_457-0">
<a href="#cite_note-nsOiP-457">
[456]
</a>
</sup>
On 16 March, Prime Minister
<a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">
Boris Johnson
</a>
advised against non-essential travel and social contact, suggesting people work from home and avoid venues such as pubs, restaurants, and theatres.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5Q93q_458-0">
<a href="#cite_note-5Q93q-458">
[457]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hYdUy_459-0">
<a href="#cite_note-hYdUy-459">
[458]
</a>
</sup>
On 20 March, the government ordered all leisure establishments to close as soon as possible,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dmBNt_460-0">
<a href="#cite_note-dmBNt-460">
[459]
</a>
</sup>
and promised to prevent unemployment.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mV2p3_461-0">
<a href="#cite_note-mV2p3-461">
[460]
</a>
</sup>
On 23 March, Johnson banned gatherings of multiple people and restricting non-essential travel and outdoor activity. Unlike previous measures, these restrictions were enforceable by police through fines and dispersal of gatherings. Most non-essential businesses were ordered to close.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc-pm-2403_462-0">
<a href="#cite_note-bbc-pm-2403-462">
[461]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 24 April, it was reported that a promising vaccine trial had begun in England; the government pledged more than £50 million towards research.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vKeXC_463-0">
<a href="#cite_note-vKeXC-463">
[462]
</a>
</sup>
A number of
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">
temporary critical care hospitals
</a>
were built.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200330nursingtimes_464-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200330nursingtimes-464">
[463]
</a>
</sup>
The first operating was the 4,000-bed
<a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital London">
NHS Nightingale Hospital London
</a>
, constructed in just over nine days.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200403theguardian_465-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200403theguardian-465">
[464]
</a>
</sup>
On 4
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
May, it was announced that it would be placed on standby and remaining patients transferred to other facilities;
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc52531845_466-0">
<a href="#cite_note-bbc52531845-466">
[465]
</a>
</sup>
51 patients had been treated in the first three weeks.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc52448982_467-0">
<a href="#cite_note-bbc52448982-467">
[466]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 16 April, it was reported that the UK would have first access to the Oxford vaccine, due to a prior contract; should the trial be successful, some 30 million doses in the UK would be available.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Lbt4o_468-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Lbt4o-468">
[467]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 2 December, the UK became the first Western country to approve the Pfizer vaccine against the COVID-19 virus; 800,000 doses would be immediately available for use.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-469">
<a href="#cite_note-469">
[468]
</a>
</sup>
It was reported on 5 December, that the United Kingdom
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_programme_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 vaccination programme in the United Kingdom">
would begin vaccination
</a>
against the virus on 8 December, less than a week after having been approved.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-470">
<a href="#cite_note-470">
[469]
</a>
</sup>
On 9 December, MHRA stated that any individual with a significant allergic reaction to a vaccine, such as an anaphylactoid reaction, should not take the Pfizer vaccine for COVID-19 protection.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-471">
<a href="#cite_note-471">
[470]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-472">
<a href="#cite_note-472">
[471]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="North_America">
North America
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">
COVID-19 pandemic in North America
</a>
</div>
<div class="excerpt-block">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="excerpt">
<p>
The first cases in North America were reported in the
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">
United States
</a>
on 23 January 2020. Cases were reported in all North American countries after
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Kitts and Nevis">
Saint Kitts and Nevis
</a>
confirmed a case on 25 March, and in all North American territories after
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bonaire" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bonaire">
Bonaire
</a>
confirmed a case on 16 April.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America_FirstBonaire_local_473-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America_FirstBonaire_local-473">
[472]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
As of 24 May 2021,
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">
Canada
</a>
has reported 1,361,564 cases and 25,265 deaths,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-474">
<a href="#cite_note-474">
[473]
</a>
</sup>
while
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">
Mexico
</a>
has reported 2,396,604 cases and 221,647 deaths.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-475">
<a href="#cite_note-475">
[474]
</a>
</sup>
The most cases by state is California with 3,778,711 cases and 62,945 deaths as of 24 May 2021.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-476">
<a href="#cite_note-476">
[475]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="United_States">
United States
</span>
</h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">
COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="4903" data-file-width="6905" decoding="async" height="156" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg/220px-USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg/330px-USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg/440px-USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
The hospital ship
<a href="/wiki/USNS_Comfort_(T-AH-20)" title="USNS Comfort (T-AH-20)">
USNS
<i>
Comfort
</i>
</a>
arrives in
<a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">
Manhattan
</a>
on 30 March 2020.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="excerpt-block">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="excerpt">
<p>
45,400,466
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Template:COVID-19_data_477-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Template:COVID-19_data-477">
[476]
</a>
</sup>
confirmed cases have been reported in the United States with 735,373
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Template:COVID-19_data_477-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Template:COVID-19_data-477">
[476]
</a>
</sup>
deaths, the most of any country, and
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">
the twentieth-highest
</a>
per capita worldwide.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_JH_Mortality_478-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_JH_Mortality-478">
[477]
</a>
</sup>
As many infections have gone undetected, the
<a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
</a>
(CDC) estimated that, as of May 2021, there could be a total 120.2
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
million infections in the United States, or more than a third of the total population.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_CNN.Third_479-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_CNN.Third-479">
[478]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_CDC-Estimated_480-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_CDC-Estimated-480">
[479]
</a>
</sup>
COVID-19 is the
<a href="/wiki/List_of_disasters_in_the_United_States_by_death_toll" title="List of disasters in the United States by death toll">
deadliest pandemic in U.S. history
</a>
;
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-481">
<a href="#cite_note-481">
[480]
</a>
</sup>
it was the third-leading cause of death in the U.S. in 2020, behind heart disease and cancer.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-482">
<a href="#cite_note-482">
[481]
</a>
</sup>
From 2019 to 2020, U.S. life expectancy dropped by 3
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
years for Hispanic Americans, 2.9
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
years for African Americans, and 1.2
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
years for white Americans.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Bosman_483-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Bosman-483">
[482]
</a>
</sup>
These effects have persisted as U.S. deaths due to COVID-19 in 2021 exceeded those in 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-484">
<a href="#cite_note-484">
[483]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
The first American case was reported on January 20, and President
<a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">
Donald Trump
</a>
declared the U.S. outbreak a
<a href="/wiki/Public_health_emergency_(United_States)" title="Public health emergency (United States)">
public health emergency
</a>
on January 31. Restrictions were placed on flights arriving from China,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-485">
<a href="#cite_note-485">
[484]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_RobertsonApril15_486-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_RobertsonApril15-486">
[485]
</a>
</sup>
but the initial U.S. response to the pandemic was otherwise slow, in terms of preparing the healthcare system, stopping other travel, and
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 testing in the United States">
testing
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-487">
<a href="#cite_note-487">
[486]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_:10_488-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_:10-488">
[487]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-489">
<a href="#cite_note-489">
[488]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-491">
<a href="#cite_note-491">
[b]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
The first known American deaths occurred in February. On March 6, 2020, Trump allocated $8.3 billion to fight the outbreak and declared a
<a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">
national emergency
</a>
on March 13. The government also purchased large quantities of medical equipment, invoking the
<a href="/wiki/Defense_Production_Act_of_1950" title="Defense Production Act of 1950">
Defense Production Act of 1950
</a>
to assist.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_WatsonMarch27_492-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_WatsonMarch27-492">
[490]
</a>
</sup>
By mid-April, disaster declarations were made by all states and territories as they all had increasing cases. A second wave of infections began in June, following relaxed restrictions in several states, leading to daily cases surpassing 60,000. By mid-October, a third surge of cases began; there were over 200,000 new daily cases during parts of December 2020 and January 2021.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-493">
<a href="#cite_note-493">
[491]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-494">
<a href="#cite_note-494">
[492]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">
COVID-19 vaccines
</a>
became available in December 2020, under emergency use, beginning the
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United States">
national vaccination program
</a>
, with the first vaccine officially approved by the
<a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
</a>
on August 23, 2021.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-495">
<a href="#cite_note-495">
[493]
</a>
</sup>
Studies have shown them to be highly protective against severe illness, hospitalization, and death. In comparison with fully vaccinated people, the CDC found that those who were not vaccinated were from 5 to nearly 30 times more likely to become either infected or hospitalized. There has nonetheless been some
<a href="/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy" title="Vaccine hesitancy">
vaccine hesitancy
</a>
for various reasons, although side effects are rare.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-496">
<a href="#cite_note-496">
[494]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-497">
<a href="#cite_note-497">
[495]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-498">
<a href="#cite_note-498">
[496]
</a>
</sup>
There have also been numerous reports that unvaccinated COVID-19 patients have
<a href="/wiki/2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19" title="2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19">
strained the capacity of hospitals throughout the country
</a>
, forcing many to turn away patients with life-threatening diseases.
</div>
</div>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="South_America">
South America
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">
COVID-19 pandemic in South America
</a>
</div>
<div class="excerpt-block">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="excerpt">
<p>
The pandemic was confirmed to have reached South America on 26 February 2020 when Brazil confirmed a case in
<a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">
São Paulo
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-499">
<a href="#cite_note-499">
[497]
</a>
</sup>
By 3 April, all countries and territories in South America had recorded at least one case.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Stuff/Fairfax_500-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Stuff/Fairfax-500">
[498]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 13 May 2020, it was reported that Latin America and the
<a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">
Caribbean
</a>
had reported over 400,000 cases of COVID-19 infection with, 23,091 deaths. On 22 May 2020, citing the rapid increase of
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">
infections in Brazil
</a>
, the WHO declared South America the epicentre of the pandemic.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-501">
<a href="#cite_note-501">
[499]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-502">
<a href="#cite_note-502">
[500]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
As of 16 July 2021, South America had recorded 34,359,631 confirmed cases and 1,047,229 deaths from COVID-19. Due to a shortage of testing and medical facilities, it is believed that the outbreak is far larger than the official numbers show.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-503">
<a href="#cite_note-503">
[501]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Brazil">
Brazil
</span>
</h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">
COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:(2020.04.17)_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_(49784811813).jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3037" data-file-width="4555" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg/220px-%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg/330px-%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg/440px-%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:(2020.04.17)_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_(49784811813).jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Disinfection of public area in
<a href="/wiki/Itapevi" title="Itapevi">
Itapevi
</a>
, Brazil.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
On 20 May, it was reported that Brazil had a record 1,179 deaths in a single day, for a total of almost 18,000 fatalities. With a total number of almost 272,000 cases, Brazil became the country with the third-highest number of cases, following Russia and the United States.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200520reuters_504-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200520reuters-504">
[502]
</a>
</sup>
On 25 May, Brazil exceeded the number of reported cases in Russia when they reported that 11,687 new cases had been confirmed over the previous 24 hours, bringing the total number to over 374,800, with more than 23,400 deaths. President
<a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">
Jair Bolsonaro
</a>
has created controversy by referring to the virus as a "little flu" and frequently speaking out against preventive measures such as lockdowns and quarantines. His attitude towards the outbreak has been likened to that of former US President Trump, with Bolsonaro being called the "Trump of the Tropics".
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9hz3E_505-0">
<a href="#cite_note-9hz3E-505">
[503]
</a>
</sup>
Bolsonaro later tested positive for the virus.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-D2hqe_506-0">
<a href="#cite_note-D2hqe-506">
[504]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
In June 2020, the
<a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Brazil" title="Federal government of Brazil">
government of Brazil
</a>
attempted to conceal the actual figures of the COVID-19 active cases and deaths, as it stopped publishing the total number of infections and deaths. On 5
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
June,
<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Brazil)" title="Ministry of Health (Brazil)">
Brazil's health ministry
</a>
took down the official website reflecting the total numbers of infections and deaths. The website was live on 6
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
June, with only the number of infections of the previous 24 hours. The last official numbers reported about 615,000 infections and over 34,000 deaths.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-c803k_507-0">
<a href="#cite_note-c803k-507">
[505]
</a>
</sup>
On 15 June, it was reported that the worldwide cases had jumped from seven to eight million in one week, citing Latin America, specifically Brazil as one of the countries where cases are surging, in this case, towards 1 million cases.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-H8V6v_508-0">
<a href="#cite_note-H8V6v-508">
[506]
</a>
</sup>
Brazil briefly paused Phase III trials for the Coronavac COVID-19 vaccine on 10 November after the suicide of a volunteer before resuming on 11 November.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:4_509-0">
<a href="#cite_note-:4-509">
[507]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
By early 2021, the death toll had climbed to 231,534. The total number of cases on 7 February exceeded 9.5 million. The only countries with worse outbreaks were India and the United States.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-510">
<a href="#cite_note-510">
[508]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Africa">
Africa
</span>
</h3>
<div class="excerpt">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">
COVID-19 pandemic in Africa
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_(49829156488).jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="4912" data-file-width="7360" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg/220px-Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg/330px-Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg/440px-Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_(49829156488).jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
<a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">
US Air Force
</a>
personnel unload a
<a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">
C-17
</a>
aircraft carrying approximately 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) of medical supplies in
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Niamey,_Niger" title="Niamey, Niger">
Niamey, Niger
</a>
.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="excerpt-block">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="excerpt">
<p>
The pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Africa on 14 February 2020, with the first confirmed case announced in
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt">
Egypt
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_bbc_51509248_511-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_bbc_51509248-511">
[509]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-512">
<a href="#cite_note-512">
[510]
</a>
</sup>
The first confirmed case in
<a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">
sub-Saharan Africa
</a>
was announced in
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nigeria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria">
Nigeria
</a>
at the end of February 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_bbc_51671834_513-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_bbc_51671834-513">
[511]
</a>
</sup>
Within three months, the virus had spread throughout the continent, as Lesotho, the last African sovereign state to have remained free of the virus, reported a case on 13 May 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_reuters_idUSKBN22P1R4_514-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_reuters_idUSKBN22P1R4-514">
[512]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_latimes.com_515-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_latimes.com-515">
[513]
</a>
</sup>
By 26 May, it appeared that most African countries were experiencing community transmission, although testing capacity was limited.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20200526_africa_516-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20200526_africa-516">
[514]
</a>
</sup>
Most of the identified imported cases arrived from Europe and the United States rather than from China where the virus originated.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_Africa_Braces_517-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_Africa_Braces-517">
[515]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
In early June 2021, Africa faced a third wave of COVID infections with cases rising in 14 countries.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20210607_third_518-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20210607_third-518">
[516]
</a>
</sup>
By 4 July the continent recorded more than 251,000 new Covid cases, a 20% increase from the prior week and a 12% increase from the January peak. More than sixteen African countries, including Malawi and Senegal, recorded an uptick in new cases.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_Mendez_519-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_Mendez-519">
[517]
</a>
</sup>
The World Health Organization labelled it Africa's 'Worst Pandemic Week Ever'.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-520">
<a href="#cite_note-520">
[518]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
It is believed that there is widespread
<a href="/wiki/Under-reporting" title="Under-reporting">
under-reporting
</a>
in many African countries with less developed
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Healthcare_system" title="Healthcare system">
healthcare systems
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20200502_somali_521-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20200502_somali-521">
[519]
</a>
</sup>
According to the autumn 2020
<a href="/wiki/Seroprevalence" title="Seroprevalence">
seroprevalence
</a>
study in
<a href="/wiki/Juba" title="Juba">
Juba
</a>
in South Sudan, less than 1% of infected were actually reported.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-522">
<a href="#cite_note-522">
[520]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Oceania">
Oceania
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">
COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania
</a>
</div>
<div class="excerpt-block">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="excerpt">
<p>
The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Oceania on 25 January 2020 with the first confirmed case reported in
<a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">
Melbourne
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Australia">
Australia
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_AustraliaCase1_523-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_AustraliaCase1-523">
[521]
</a>
</sup>
It has since spread elsewhere in the region,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_WHO_Dashboard_524-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_WHO_Dashboard-524">
[522]
</a>
</sup>
although many small Pacific
<a href="/wiki/Island_country" title="Island country">
island nations
</a>
have thus far avoided the outbreak by closing their international borders. Three Oceania sovereign states (Nauru, Tonga, and Tuvalu) and one dependency (
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cook Islands">
Cook Islands
</a>
) have yet to report a case.
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Australia">
Australia
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">
New Zealand
</a>
were praised for their handling of the pandemic in comparison to other Western nations, with New Zealand and each state in Australia wiping out all community transmission of the virus several times even after re-introduction in the community.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_reuters-oz-10days_525-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_reuters-oz-10days-525">
[523]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_bloomberg-oz-tassie-price_526-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_bloomberg-oz-tassie-price-526">
[524]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-527">
<a href="#cite_note-527">
[525]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
However, by August 2021, the Australian states of
<a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">
New South Wales
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia)">
Victoria
</a>
had conceded defeat in their eradication efforts.
<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">
[
<i>
<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">
<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">
citation needed
</span>
</a>
</i>
]
</sup>
In early October 2021, New Zealand also abandoned its elimination strategy.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_The_Guardian_NZ_abandons_elimination_528-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_The_Guardian_NZ_abandons_elimination-528">
[526]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_NZH_NZ_abandons_elimination_529-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_NZH_NZ_abandons_elimination-529">
[527]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Antarctica">
Antarctica
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">
COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica
</a>
</div>
<div class="excerpt-block">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="excerpt">
Due to its remoteness and sparse population,
<a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">
Antarctica
</a>
was the last
<a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">
continent
</a>
to have confirmed cases of COVID-19 and was one of the last regions of the world affected directly by the pandemic.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica_:0_530-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica_:0-530">
[528]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-531">
<a href="#cite_note-531">
[529]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-532">
<a href="#cite_note-532">
[530]
</a>
</sup>
The first cases were reported in December 2020, almost a year after the first cases of COVID-19 were detected in China. At least 36 people are confirmed to have been infected.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica_:2_533-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica_:2-533">
[531]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="International_responses">
International responses
</span>
</h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Further information:
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg">
<img alt="Workers unloading boxes of medical supplies at Villamor Air Base" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="900" data-file-width="1350" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg/220px-China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg/330px-China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg/440px-China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Donated medical supplies received in the Philippines
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The COVID-19 pandemic shook the world's economy, with especially severe economic damage in the United States, Europe, and Latin America.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-534">
<a href="#cite_note-534">
[532]
</a>
</sup>
A consensus report by American intelligence agencies in April 2021 concluded, "Efforts to contain and manage the virus have reinforced nationalist trends globally, as some states turned inward to protect their citizens and sometimes cast blame on marginalized groups." Furthermore, COVID-19 has inflamed partisanship and polarisation around the world as bitter arguments explode over whom to scapegoat and whom to help first. The risks include further disruption of international trade and the formation of no-entry enclaves.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-535">
<a href="#cite_note-535">
[533]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Travel_restrictions">
Travel restrictions
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</div>
<p>
As a result of the pandemic, many countries and regions imposed quarantines, entry bans, or other restrictions, either for citizens, recent travellers to affected areas,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200326nytimes_536-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200326nytimes-536">
[534]
</a>
</sup>
or for all travellers.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kh5YZ_537-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Kh5YZ-537">
[535]
</a>
</sup>
Together with a decreased willingness to travel, this had a
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
negative economic
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
social impact
</a>
on the travel sector. Concerns have been raised over the effectiveness of travel restrictions to contain the spread of COVID-19.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200224nationalgeographic_538-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200224nationalgeographic-538">
[536]
</a>
</sup>
A study in
<i>
<a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">
Science
</a>
</i>
found that travel restrictions had only modestly affected the initial spread of COVID-19, unless combined with
<a href="/wiki/Infection_prevention_and_control" title="Infection prevention and control">
infection prevention and control
</a>
measures to considerably reduce transmissions.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DJYtB_539-0">
<a href="#cite_note-DJYtB-539">
[537]
</a>
</sup>
Researchers concluded that "travel restrictions are most useful in the early and late phase of an epidemic" and "restrictions of travel from Wuhan unfortunately came too late".
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-283GD_540-0">
<a href="#cite_note-283GD-540">
[538]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
The
<a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">
European Union
</a>
rejected the idea of suspending the
<a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">
Schengen free travel zone
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dw52497811_541-0">
<a href="#cite_note-dw52497811-541">
[539]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200313euractiv_542-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200313euractiv-542">
[540]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Evacuation_of_foreign_citizens">
Evacuation of foreign citizens
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="804" data-file-width="1280" decoding="async" height="138" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg/220px-Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg/330px-Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg/440px-Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Ukraine evacuates Ukrainian and foreign citizens from
<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">
Wuhan
</a>
, China
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Owing to the effective lockdown of Wuhan and Hubei, several countries evacuated their citizens and diplomatic staff from the area, primarily through
<a href="/wiki/Air_charter" title="Air charter">
chartered flights
</a>
of the home nation, with Chinese authorities providing clearance. Canada, the United States, Japan, India,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FLdHv_543-0">
<a href="#cite_note-FLdHv-543">
[541]
</a>
</sup>
Sri Lanka, Australia, France, Argentina, Germany, and Thailand were among the first to plan the evacuation of their citizens.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-169_544-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-169-544">
[542]
</a>
</sup>
Brazil and New Zealand also evacuated their own nationals and some other people.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-171_545-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-171-545">
[543]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6l9jG_546-0">
<a href="#cite_note-6l9jG-546">
[544]
</a>
</sup>
On 14 March 2020, South Africa repatriated 112 South Africans who tested negative for the virus from Wuhan, while four who showed symptoms were left behind to mitigate risk.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-auto3_547-0">
<a href="#cite_note-auto3-547">
[545]
</a>
</sup>
Pakistan said it would not evacuate citizens from China.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200131dialoguepakistan_548-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200131dialoguepakistan-548">
[546]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 15 February 2020, the US announced it would evacuate Americans aboard the cruise ship
<i>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Diamond_Princess_outbreak" title="Diamond Princess outbreak">
Diamond Princess
</a>
</i>
,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-174_549-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-174-549">
[547]
</a>
</sup>
and on 21 February, Canada evacuated 129 Canadian passengers from the ship.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-175_550-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-175-550">
[548]
</a>
</sup>
In early March, the Indian government began evacuating its citizens from Iran.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-czjOG_551-0">
<a href="#cite_note-czjOG-551">
[549]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-indiatimes74647353_552-0">
<a href="#cite_note-indiatimes74647353-552">
[550]
</a>
</sup>
On 20 March, the United States began to partially withdraw its troops from Iraq due to the pandemic.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-USWithdraw_553-0">
<a href="#cite_note-USWithdraw-553">
[551]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="United_Nations_response_measures">
United Nations response measures
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic">
United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</div>
<p>
In June 2020, the
<a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">
Secretary-General of the United Nations
</a>
launched the "UN Comprehensive Response to COVID-19".
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Krm4a_554-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Krm4a-554">
[552]
</a>
</sup>
The
<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
</a>
(UNSC) has been criticised for a slow coordinated response, especially regarding the UN's
<a href="/wiki/Global_ceasefire" title="Global ceasefire">
global ceasefire
</a>
, which aims to open up humanitarian access to the world's most vulnerable in conflict zones.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:22_555-0">
<a href="#cite_note-:22-555">
[553]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="WHO_response_measures">
WHO response measures
</span>
</h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic">
World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</div>
<div class="excerpt-block">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="excerpt">
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="639" data-file-width="1050" decoding="async" height="134" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg/220px-13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg/330px-13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg/440px-13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
<a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">
World Health Organization
</a>
representatives holding joint meeting with
<a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">
Tehran
</a>
city administrators in March 2020
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The WHO is a leading organisation involved in the global coordination for mitigating the pandemic.
</p>
<p>
The WHO has spearheaded several initiatives like the
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Solidarity_Response_Fund" title="COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund">
COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund
</a>
to raise money for the pandemic response, the
<a href="/wiki/UN_COVID-19_Supply_Chain_Task_Force" title="UN COVID-19 Supply Chain Task Force">
UN COVID-19 Supply Chain Task Force
</a>
, and the
<a href="/wiki/Solidarity_trial" title="Solidarity trial">
solidarity trial
</a>
for investigating potential treatment options for the disease. The WHO's
<a href="/wiki/COVAX" title="COVAX">
COVAX
</a>
vaccine-sharing program aims to distribute 2 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccine for free or at a reduced cost by the end of 2021, and has begun distributing them.
</p>
The WHO's handling of the initial outbreak of the pandemic has required a "diplomatic balancing act" between member states, in particular between the United States and China. On August 27, the WHO announced the setting up of an independent expert Review Committee to examine aspects of the international treaty that governs preparedness and response to health emergencies. A WHO-led international mission arrived in China in January 2021 to
<a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">
investigate the origins of the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
and released preliminary findings in February 2021.
</div>
</div>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Protests_against_governmental_measures">
Protests against governmental measures
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</div>
<p>
In several countries, protests have risen against governmental restrictive responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as lockdowns. A February 2021 study found that large protest rallies against COVID-19 measures are likely to directly increase the spread of viruses, including COVID-19.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-556">
<a href="#cite_note-556">
[554]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Impact">
Impact
</span>
</h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Further information:
<a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</div>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Economics">
Economics
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
See also:
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation">
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">
on science and technology
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
on financial markets
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">
2020 stock market crash
</a>
, and
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">
COVID-19 recession
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:292px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="378" data-file-width="504" decoding="async" height="218" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg/290px-Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg/435px-Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg/580px-Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg.png 2x" width="290"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
A
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Stock_index" title="Stock index">
stock index
</a>
chart shows the
<a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">
2020 stock market crash
</a>
.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The outbreak is a major destabilising threat to the global economy. One estimate from an expert at
<a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">
Washington University in St. Louis
</a>
gave a $300+
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
billion impact on the world's supply chain that could last up to two years.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-268_557-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-268-557">
[555]
</a>
</sup>
Global stock markets fell on 24 February due to a significant rise in the number of COVID-19 cases outside China.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-270_558-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-270-558">
[556]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-271_559-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-271-559">
[557]
</a>
</sup>
On 27 February, due to mounting worries about the COVID-19 outbreak, US stock indexes posted their sharpest falls since 2008, with the
<a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">
Dow
</a>
falling 1,191 points (the largest one-day drop since the
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308" title="Financial crisis of 2007–08">
financial crisis of 2007–08
</a>
)
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-S6DVx_560-0">
<a href="#cite_note-S6DVx-560">
[558]
</a>
</sup>
and all three major indexes ending the week down more than 10 per cent.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-U7teI_561-0">
<a href="#cite_note-U7teI-561">
[559]
</a>
</sup>
On 28 February, Scope Ratings GmbH affirmed China's sovereign credit rating but maintained a Negative Outlook.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NRWqJ_562-0">
<a href="#cite_note-NRWqJ-562">
[560]
</a>
</sup>
Stocks plunged again due to COVID-19 fears, the largest fall being on 16 March.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-m0beI_563-0">
<a href="#cite_note-m0beI-563">
[561]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
<a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_of_London" title="Lloyd's of London">
Lloyd's of London
</a>
estimated that the global insurance industry will absorb losses of US$204 billion, exceeding the losses from the
<a href="/wiki/2017_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2017 Atlantic hurricane season">
2017 Atlantic hurricane season
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">
11 September attacks
</a>
, suggesting the COVID-19 pandemic will likely go down in history as the costliest disaster ever in human history.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jJAfD_564-0">
<a href="#cite_note-jJAfD-564">
[562]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto,_March_2020_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1654" data-file-width="2493" decoding="async" height="146" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto,_March_2020_(cropped).jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
A highway sign in
<a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">
Toronto
</a>
discouraging non-essential travel in March 2020
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Tourism is one of the worst affected sectors due to travel bans, closing of public places including travel attractions, and advice of governments against travel. Numerous airlines have cancelled flights due to lower demand, and British regional airline
<a href="/wiki/Flybe" title="Flybe">
Flybe
</a>
collapsed.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-z2VrM_565-0">
<a href="#cite_note-z2VrM-565">
[563]
</a>
</sup>
The cruise line industry was hard hit,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-smh20200227_566-0">
<a href="#cite_note-smh20200227-566">
[564]
</a>
</sup>
and several train stations and ferry ports have also been closed.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wnn7L_567-0">
<a href="#cite_note-wnn7L-567">
[565]
</a>
</sup>
International mail between some countries stopped or was delayed due to reduced transportation between them or suspension of domestic service.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wsj1158868721_568-0">
<a href="#cite_note-wsj1158868721-568">
[566]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
The retail sector has been impacted globally, with reductions in store hours or temporary closures.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4QUSL_569-0">
<a href="#cite_note-4QUSL-569">
[567]
</a>
</sup>
Visits to retailers in Europe and Latin America declined by 40 per cent. North America and Middle East retailers saw a 50–60 per cent drop.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200402aislelabs_570-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200402aislelabs-570">
[568]
</a>
</sup>
This also resulted in a 33–43 per cent drop in foot traffic to shopping centres in March compared to February. Shopping mall operators around the world imposed additional measures, such as increased sanitation, installation of thermal scanners to check the temperature of shoppers, and cancellation of events.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-J6Y6Z_571-0">
<a href="#cite_note-J6Y6Z-571">
[569]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_(49935630543).jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3640" data-file-width="5165" decoding="async" height="155" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg/220px-Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg/330px-Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg/440px-Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_(49935630543).jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
A socially distanced homeless encampment in San Francisco, California, in May 2020
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Hundreds of millions of jobs could be lost globally.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aljazeera2004271718_572-0">
<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2004271718-572">
[570]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200506csmonitor_573-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200506csmonitor-573">
[571]
</a>
</sup>
More than 40 million Americans
<a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Unemployment in the United States">
lost their jobs
</a>
and filed
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Unemployment_insurance" title="Unemployment insurance">
unemployment insurance
</a>
claims.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200528WaPo_574-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200528WaPo-574">
[572]
</a>
</sup>
The economic impact and mass unemployment caused by the pandemic has raised fears of a mass
<a href="/wiki/Eviction_in_the_United_States" title="Eviction in the United States">
eviction crisis
</a>
,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CvJoN_575-0">
<a href="#cite_note-CvJoN-575">
[573]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DqnOV_576-0">
<a href="#cite_note-DqnOV-576">
[574]
</a>
</sup>
with an analysis by the
<a href="/wiki/Aspen_Institute" title="Aspen Institute">
Aspen Institute
</a>
indicating between 30 and 40 million Americans are at risk for eviction by the end of 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BPAdu_577-0">
<a href="#cite_note-BPAdu-577">
[575]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DuTwi_578-0">
<a href="#cite_note-DuTwi-578">
[576]
</a>
</sup>
According to a report by
<a href="/wiki/Yelp" title="Yelp">
Yelp
</a>
, about 60% of US businesses that have closed since the start of the pandemic will stay shut permanently.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vLHxV_579-0">
<a href="#cite_note-vLHxV-579">
[577]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
According to a
<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean">
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America
</a>
estimate, the pandemic-induced recession could leave 14–22 million more people in
<a href="/wiki/Extreme_poverty" title="Extreme poverty">
extreme poverty
</a>
in Latin America than would have been in that situation without the pandemic.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200403elpais_580-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200403elpais-580">
[578]
</a>
</sup>
According to the
<a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">
World Bank
</a>
, up to 100 million more people globally could fall into extreme poverty due to the shutdowns.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Extreme_poverty_1_581-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Extreme_poverty_1-581">
[579]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Extreme_poverty_3_582-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Extreme_poverty_3-582">
[580]
</a>
</sup>
The
<a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">
International Labour Organization
</a>
(ILO) informed that the income generated in the first nine months of 2020 from work across the world dropped by 10.7 per cent, or $3.5 trillion, amidst the COVID-19 outbreak.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rd8bm_583-0">
<a href="#cite_note-rd8bm-583">
[581]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Supply_shortages">
Supply shortages
</span>
</h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Ntuc_super_store,_Singapore_(49505410793).jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3024" data-file-width="4032" decoding="async" height="165" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg/220px-Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg/330px-Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg/440px-Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Ntuc_super_store,_Singapore_(49505410793).jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
COVID-19 fears have led to panic buying of essentials across the world, including
<a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper" title="Toilet paper">
toilet paper
</a>
, dried and
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Instant_noodles" title="Instant noodles">
instant noodles
</a>
, bread, rice, vegetables, disinfectant, and
<a href="/wiki/Rubbing_alcohol" title="Rubbing alcohol">
rubbing alcohol
</a>
.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The outbreak has been blamed for several instances of
<a href="/wiki/Shortage" title="Shortage">
supply shortages
</a>
, stemming from globally increased usage of equipment to fight outbreaks, panic buying (which in several places led to shelves being cleared of grocery essentials such as food, toilet paper, and bottled water), and disruption to factory and logistic operations.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-XvcU9_584-0">
<a href="#cite_note-XvcU9-584">
[582]
</a>
</sup>
The spread of panic buying has been found to stem from perceived threat, perceived scarcity, fear of the unknown, coping behaviour and social psychological factors (e.g.
<a href="/wiki/Social_influence" title="Social influence">
social influence
</a>
and trust).
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cSvA4_585-0">
<a href="#cite_note-cSvA4-585">
[583]
</a>
</sup>
The technology industry, in particular, has warned of delays to shipments of electronic goods.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-263_586-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-263-586">
[584]
</a>
</sup>
According to the WHO director-general
<a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom" title="Tedros Adhanom">
Tedros Adhanom
</a>
, demand for personal protection equipment has risen a hundredfold, leading to prices up to twenty times the normal price and also delays in the supply of medical items of four to six months.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-275_587-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-275-587">
[585]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-276_588-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-276-588">
[586]
</a>
</sup>
It has also caused a shortage of personal protective equipment worldwide, with the WHO warning that this will endanger health workers.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mycfo_589-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Mycfo-589">
[587]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak was worldwide. The virus created a shortage of
<a href="/wiki/Precursor_(chemistry)" title="Precursor (chemistry)">
precursors
</a>
(raw material) used in the manufacturing of
<a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">
fentanyl
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">
methamphetamine
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DSstandaard_590-0">
<a href="#cite_note-DSstandaard-590">
[588]
</a>
</sup>
Price increases and shortages in these illegal drugs have been noticed on the streets of the UK.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Guardian_591-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-591">
[589]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
The pandemic has disrupted global
<a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">
food supplies
</a>
and threatens to trigger a new
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Food_crisis" title="Food crisis">
food crisis
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200414foreignpolicy_592-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200414foreignpolicy-592">
[590]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aljazeera2004211359_593-0">
<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2004211359-593">
[591]
</a>
</sup>
In April 2020, David Beasley, head of the
<a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">
World Food Programme
</a>
(WFP), said "we could be facing multiple
<a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">
famines
</a>
of biblical proportions within a short few months."
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc52373888_594-0">
<a href="#cite_note-bbc52373888-594">
[592]
</a>
</sup>
Senior officials at the United Nations estimated in April 2020 that an additional 130 million people could
<a href="/wiki/Starvation" title="Starvation">
starve
</a>
, for a total of 265 million by the end of 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc52373888_594-1">
<a href="#cite_note-bbc52373888-594">
[592]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200421un_595-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200421un-595">
[593]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200422nytimes_596-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200422nytimes-596">
[594]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Oil_and_other_energy_markets">
Oil and other energy markets
</span>
</h4>
<p>
In early February 2020,
<a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
</a>
(OPEC) "scrambled" after a steep decline in
<a href="/wiki/Price_of_oil" title="Price of oil">
oil prices
</a>
due to lower demand from China.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-269_597-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-269-597">
[595]
</a>
</sup>
On Monday, 20 April, the price of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) went negative and fell to a record low (minus $37.63 a barrel) due to traders' offloading holdings so as not to take delivery and incur storage costs.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC,_US_oil_prices,_21_April_2020_598-0">
<a href="#cite_note-BBC,_US_oil_prices,_21_April_2020-598">
[596]
</a>
</sup>
June prices were down but in the positive range, with a barrel of West Texas trading above $20.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC,_US_oil_prices,_21_April_2020_598-1">
<a href="#cite_note-BBC,_US_oil_prices,_21_April_2020-598">
[596]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Culture">
Culture
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/List_of_events_affected_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic">
List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg">
<img alt="A man wearing purple vestments and standing at an altar uses a mobile phone camera to record himself. Empty pews are visible in the background." class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1500" data-file-width="2100" decoding="async" height="157" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg/220px-Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg/330px-Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg/440px-Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
An American Catholic military chaplain prepares for a live-streamed
<a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">
Mass
</a>
in an empty chapel at
<a href="/wiki/Offutt_Air_Force_Base" title="Offutt Air Force Base">
Offutt Air Force Base
</a>
in March 2020
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The performing arts and
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage_sector" title="Cultural heritage sector">
cultural heritage sectors
</a>
have been profoundly affected by the pandemic, impacting organisations' operations as well as individuals—both employed and independent—globally. By March 2020, across the world and to varying degrees, museums, libraries, performance venues, and other cultural institutions had been indefinitely closed with their exhibitions, events and performances cancelled or postponed.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-v5Qlx_599-0">
<a href="#cite_note-v5Qlx-599">
[597]
</a>
</sup>
Some services continued through digital platforms,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ZljIY_600-0">
<a href="#cite_note-ZljIY-600">
[598]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Burke2020_601-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Burke2020-601">
[599]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SxIEK_602-0">
<a href="#cite_note-SxIEK-602">
[600]
</a>
</sup>
such as live streaming concerts
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SZ5Mc_603-0">
<a href="#cite_note-SZ5Mc-603">
[601]
</a>
</sup>
or web-based arts festivals.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mYlLn_604-0">
<a href="#cite_note-mYlLn-604">
[602]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Politics">
Politics
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics">
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics
</a>
</div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
See also:
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations">
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations
</a>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg">
<img alt="Meeting of the Italian government task force to face the coronavirus outbreak, 23 February 2020" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1133" data-file-width="1700" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg/220px-2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg/330px-2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg/440px-2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
An
<a href="/wiki/Conte_II_Cabinet" title="Conte II Cabinet">
Italian government
</a>
task force meets to discuss COVID-19 in February 2020
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The pandemic has affected the political systems of multiple countries, causing suspensions of legislative activities,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200313nationalpost_605-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200313nationalpost-605">
[603]
</a>
</sup>
isolations or deaths of multiple politicians,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200318foreignpolicy_606-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200318foreignpolicy-606">
[604]
</a>
</sup>
and rescheduling of elections due to fears of spreading the virus.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200427nytimes_607-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200427nytimes-607">
[605]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
Although they have broad support among epidemiologists, social distancing measures have been politically controversial in many countries. Intellectual opposition to social distancing has come primarily from writers of other fields, although there are a few heterodox epidemiologists.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-74OHE_608-0">
<a href="#cite_note-74OHE-608">
[606]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
On 23 March 2020, United Nations Secretary-General
<a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">
António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres
</a>
issued an appeal for a global ceasefire in response to the pandemic;
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tFb4N_609-0">
<a href="#cite_note-tFb4N-609">
[607]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-lzoeV_610-0">
<a href="#cite_note-lzoeV-610">
[608]
</a>
</sup>
172 UN Member States and Observers signed a non-binding statement in support of the appeal in June,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AGhvz_611-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AGhvz-611">
[609]
</a>
</sup>
and the
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" title="UN Security Council">
UN Security Council
</a>
passed a
<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2532" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2532">
resolution
</a>
supporting it in July.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9rN79_612-0">
<a href="#cite_note-9rN79-612">
[610]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nJTuX_613-0">
<a href="#cite_note-nJTuX-613">
[611]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="China_2">
China
</span>
</h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Further information:
<a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations#COVID-19" title="China–United States relations">
China–United States relations § COVID-19
</a>
</div>
<p>
The government of China has been criticised by the
<a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">
United States
</a>
,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200311foreignpolicy_614-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200311foreignpolicy-614">
[612]
</a>
</sup>
the UK Minister for the Cabinet Office
<a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">
Michael Gove
</a>
,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-xmEit_615-0">
<a href="#cite_note-xmEit-615">
[613]
</a>
</sup>
and others
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200319bloomberg_616-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200319bloomberg-616">
[614]
</a>
</sup>
for its handling of the pandemic. A number of provincial-level administrators of the
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" title="Communist Party of China">
Communist Party of China
</a>
were dismissed over their handling of the quarantine measures in China, a sign of discontent with their response to the outbreak. Some commentators believed this move was intended to protect CCP
<a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party">
general secretary
</a>
<a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">
Xi Jinping
</a>
from the controversy.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vLpPa_617-0">
<a href="#cite_note-vLpPa-617">
[615]
</a>
</sup>
The
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/US_intelligence_community" title="US intelligence community">
US intelligence community
</a>
claims China intentionally under-reported its number of COVID-19 cases.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200402nytimes_618-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200402nytimes-618">
[616]
</a>
</sup>
The Chinese government maintains it has acted swiftly and transparently.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hMc3w_619-0">
<a href="#cite_note-hMc3w-619">
[617]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NF0y6_620-0">
<a href="#cite_note-NF0y6-620">
[618]
</a>
</sup>
However, journalists and activists who have reported on the pandemic have been detained by authorities,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-621">
<a href="#cite_note-621">
[619]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-622">
<a href="#cite_note-622">
[620]
</a>
</sup>
such as
<a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zhan" title="Zhang Zhan">
Zhang Zhan
</a>
, who was arrested and tortured for reporting on the pandemic and the detainment of other independent journalists.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-623">
<a href="#cite_note-623">
[621]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-624">
<a href="#cite_note-624">
[622]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-625">
<a href="#cite_note-625">
[623]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Italy_2">
Italy
</span>
</h4>
<p>
In early March, the Italian government criticised the EU's lack of solidarity with COVID-19-affected Italy
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Y27Kh_626-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Y27Kh-626">
[624]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-91jge_627-0">
<a href="#cite_note-91jge-627">
[625]
</a>
</sup>
—Maurizio Massari, Italy's ambassador to the EU, said "only China responded bilaterally", not the EU.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-politico-corona_628-0">
<a href="#cite_note-politico-corona-628">
[626]
</a>
</sup>
On 22 March, after a phone call with Italian Prime Minister
<a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">
Giuseppe Conte
</a>
, Russian president
<a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">
Vladimir Putin
</a>
had the
<a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">
Russian army
</a>
send military medics, disinfection vehicles, and other medical equipment to Italy.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-reuters219081_629-0">
<a href="#cite_note-reuters219081-629">
[627]
</a>
</sup>
<a href="/wiki/President_of_Lombardy" title="President of Lombardy">
President of Lombardy
</a>
<a href="/wiki/Attilio_Fontana" title="Attilio Fontana">
Attilio Fontana
</a>
and Italian Foreign Minister
<a href="/wiki/Luigi_Di_Maio" title="Luigi Di Maio">
Luigi Di Maio
</a>
expressed their gratitude for the aid.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200328insideover_630-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200328insideover-630">
[628]
</a>
</sup>
Russia also sent a cargo plane with medical aid to the United States.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200401themoscowtimes_631-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200401themoscowtimes-631">
[629]
</a>
</sup>
Kremlin spokesman
<a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Peskov" title="Dmitry Peskov">
Dmitry Peskov
</a>
said "when offering assistance to US colleagues, [Putin] assumes that when US manufacturers of medical equipment and materials gain momentum, they will also be able to reciprocate if necessary."
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aljazeera2004010659_632-0">
<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2004010659-632">
[630]
</a>
</sup>
In early April,
<a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">
Norway
</a>
and EU states like
<a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">
Romania
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">
Austria
</a>
started to offer help by sending medical personnel and disinfectant,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-eumedicalteams_633-0">
<a href="#cite_note-eumedicalteams-633">
[631]
</a>
</sup>
and
<a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">
Ursula von der Leyen
</a>
offered an official apology to the country.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-euapology_634-0">
<a href="#cite_note-euapology-634">
[632]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="United_States_2">
United States
</span>
</h4>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_(49799974031).jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1450" data-file-width="1997" decoding="async" height="160" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg/220px-Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg/330px-Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg/440px-Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_(49799974031).jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Several hundred anti-lockdown protesters rallied at the
<a href="/wiki/Ohio_Statehouse" title="Ohio Statehouse">
Ohio Statehouse
</a>
on 20 April 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Columbus_Dispatch_635-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Dispatch-635">
[633]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The outbreak prompted calls for the United States to adopt social policies common in other wealthy countries, including
<a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">
universal health care
</a>
,
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Universal_child_care" title="Universal child care">
universal child care
</a>
,
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Paid_sick_leave" title="Paid sick leave">
paid sick leave
</a>
, and higher levels of funding for public health.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT_Calls_636-0">
<a href="#cite_note-NYT_Calls-636">
[634]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hill5_637-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Hill5-637">
[635]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ddn2P_638-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Ddn2P-638">
[636]
</a>
</sup>
Political analysts believe it may have contributed to Donald Trump's loss in the
<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">
2020 presidential election
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TrumpChances_639-0">
<a href="#cite_note-TrumpChances-639">
[637]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AtlanticChances_640-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AtlanticChances-640">
[638]
</a>
</sup>
Beginning in mid-April 2020, there were
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_United_States_anti-lockdown_protests" title="2020–2021 United States anti-lockdown protests">
protests
</a>
in several US states against government-imposed business closures and restricted personal movement and association.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5YqAF_641-0">
<a href="#cite_note-5YqAF-641">
[639]
</a>
</sup>
Simultaneously, protests ensued by
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Essential_worker" title="Essential worker">
essential workers
</a>
in the form of a
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/2020_United_States_essential_workers_general_strike" title="2020 United States essential workers general strike">
general strike
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-c114M_642-0">
<a href="#cite_note-c114M-642">
[640]
</a>
</sup>
In early October 2020, Donald Trump, his family members, and many other government officials
<a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak" title="White House COVID-19 outbreak">
were diagnosed with COVID-19
</a>
, further disrupting the country's politics.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EVG4L_643-0">
<a href="#cite_note-EVG4L-643">
[641]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Other_countries">
Other countries
</span>
</h4>
<p>
The planned
<a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">
NATO
</a>
"
<a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_exercises" title="List of NATO exercises">
Defender 2020
</a>
" military exercise in Germany, Poland, and the Baltic states, the largest NATO war exercise since the end of the
<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">
Cold War
</a>
, was held on a reduced scale.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200320spectator_644-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200320spectator-644">
[642]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200319reuters_645-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200319reuters-645">
[643]
</a>
</sup>
The
<a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament" title="Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament">
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
</a>
's general secretary
<a href="/wiki/Kate_Hudson_(activist)" title="Kate Hudson (activist)">
Kate Hudson
</a>
criticised the exercise, saying "it jeopardises the lives not only of the troops from the US and the many European countries participating but the inhabitants of the countries in which they are operating."
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200318morningstaronline_646-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200318morningstaronline-646">
[644]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
The Iranian government has been heavily affected by the virus, with about two dozen parliament members and political figures infected.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-D2Xpc_348-1">
<a href="#cite_note-D2Xpc-348">
[347]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nmEQ5_647-0">
<a href="#cite_note-nmEQ5-647">
[645]
</a>
</sup>
Iran's President Hassan Rouhani wrote a public letter to world leaders asking for help on 14 March 2020, saying they were struggling to fight the outbreak due to a lack of access to international markets from the
<a href="/wiki/United_States_sanctions_against_Iran" title="United States sanctions against Iran">
United States sanctions against Iran
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-u2rRX_648-0">
<a href="#cite_note-u2rRX-648">
[646]
</a>
</sup>
<a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">
Saudi Arabia
</a>
, which launched a
<a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">
military intervention in Yemen
</a>
in March 2015, declared a ceasefire.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200409foreignpolicy_649-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200409foreignpolicy-649">
[647]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
<a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Japan–South Korea relations">
Diplomatic relations between Japan and South Korea
</a>
worsened due to the pandemic.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-z8lBE_650-0">
<a href="#cite_note-z8lBE-650">
[648]
</a>
</sup>
South Korea criticised Japan's "ambiguous and passive quarantine efforts" after Japan announced anyone coming from South Korea would be placed in quarantine for two weeks at government-designated sites.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HnqN4_651-0">
<a href="#cite_note-HnqN4-651">
[649]
</a>
</sup>
South Korean society was initially polarised on President Moon Jae-in's response to the crisis; many Koreans signed petitions either calling for Moon's
<a href="/wiki/Impeachment" title="Impeachment">
impeachment
</a>
or praising his response.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-imx38_373-1">
<a href="#cite_note-imx38-373">
[372]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
Some countries have passed emergency legislation in response to the pandemic. Some commentators have expressed concern that it could allow governments to strengthen their grip on power.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200331theguardian_652-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200331theguardian-652">
[650]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200330nytimes_653-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200330nytimes-653">
[651]
</a>
</sup>
In the Philippines, lawmakers granted president
<a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">
Rodrigo Duterte
</a>
temporary emergency powers during the pandemic.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-abcnews-censorship_654-0">
<a href="#cite_note-abcnews-censorship-654">
[652]
</a>
</sup>
In Hungary, the parliament voted to allow the prime minister,
<a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">
Viktor Orbán
</a>
, to rule by decree indefinitely, suspend parliament as well as elections, and punish those deemed to have spread false information about the virus and the government's handling of the crisis.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200330cnn_655-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200330cnn-655">
[653]
</a>
</sup>
In some countries, including
<a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">
Egypt
</a>
,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dw53009293_656-0">
<a href="#cite_note-dw53009293-656">
[654]
</a>
</sup>
<a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">
Turkey
</a>
,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200401foreignpolicy_657-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200401foreignpolicy-657">
[655]
</a>
</sup>
and
<a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">
Thailand
</a>
,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-abcnews-censorship_654-1">
<a href="#cite_note-abcnews-censorship-654">
[652]
</a>
</sup>
opposition activists and government critics have been
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Efforts_to_combat_misinformation" title="Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
arrested
</a>
for allegedly spreading
<a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">
fake news
</a>
about the COVID-19 pandemic.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200410straitstimes_658-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200410straitstimes-658">
[656]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
In India, journalists criticising the government's response were arrested or issued warnings by police and authorities.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-659">
<a href="#cite_note-659">
[657]
</a>
</sup>
Rates of imprisoned or detained journalists increased worldwide, with some being related to the pandemic.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-660">
<a href="#cite_note-660">
[658]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-661">
<a href="#cite_note-661">
[659]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Agriculture_and_food_systems">
Agriculture and food systems
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Further information:
<a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">
Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</div>
<p>
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted agricultural and food systems worldwide.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:9_662-0">
<a href="#cite_note-:9-662">
[660]
</a>
</sup>
COVID-19 hit at a time when hunger or undernourishment was once again on the rise in the world, with an estimated 690 million people already going hungry in 2019.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:10_663-0">
<a href="#cite_note-:10-663">
[661]
</a>
</sup>
Based on the latest UN estimates, the economic recession triggered by the pandemic may lead to another 83 million people, and possibly as many as 132 million, going hungry in 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:10_663-1">
<a href="#cite_note-:10-663">
[661]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-M3hAF_664-0">
<a href="#cite_note-M3hAF-664">
[662]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6HCSA_665-0">
<a href="#cite_note-6HCSA-665">
[663]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-XRNlH_666-0">
<a href="#cite_note-XRNlH-666">
[664]
</a>
</sup>
This is mainly due to a lack of access to food – linked to falling incomes, lost remittances and, in some cases, a rise in food prices. In countries that already suffer from high levels of acute food insecurity, it is no longer an issue of access to food alone, but increasingly also one of food production.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:9_662-1">
<a href="#cite_note-:9-662">
[660]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:10_663-2">
<a href="#cite_note-:10-663">
[661]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
The pandemic, alongside lockdowns and travel restrictions, has prevented movement of aid and greatly impacted food production. As a result, several famines are forecast, which the UN called a crisis "of biblical proportions,"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fiona_Harvey_Environment_667-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Fiona_Harvey_Environment-667">
[665]
</a>
</sup>
or "hunger pandemic."
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aX3dG_668-0">
<a href="#cite_note-aX3dG-668">
[666]
</a>
</sup>
It is estimated that without intervention 30 million people may die of hunger, with
<a href="/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">
Oxfam
</a>
reporting that "12,000 people per day could die from COVID-19 linked hunger" by the end of 2020.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:Oxfam_12000_669-0">
<a href="#cite_note-:Oxfam_12000-669">
[667]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fiona_Harvey_Environment_667-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Fiona_Harvey_Environment-667">
[665]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-M756t_670-0">
<a href="#cite_note-M756t-670">
[668]
</a>
</sup>
This pandemic, in conjunction with the
<a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932021_locust_infestation" title="2019–2021 locust infestation">
2019–2021 locust infestations
</a>
and several
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="Ongoing armed conflicts">
ongoing armed conflicts
</a>
, is predicted to form the worst series of famines since the
<a href="/wiki/Great_Chinese_Famine" title="Great Chinese Famine">
Great Chinese Famine
</a>
, affecting between 10 and 20 per cent of the global population in some way.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-drZJx_671-0">
<a href="#cite_note-drZJx-671">
[669]
</a>
</sup>
55 countries are reported to be at risk, with three dozen succumbing to crisis-level famines or above in the worst-case scenario.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-UN_Food_Report_672-0">
<a href="#cite_note-UN_Food_Report-672">
[670]
</a>
</sup>
265 million people are forecast to be in famine conditions, an increase of 125 million due to the pandemic.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:Oxfam_12000_669-1">
<a href="#cite_note-:Oxfam_12000-669">
[667]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Education">
Education
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education
</a>
</div>
<div class="excerpt">
The pandemic has severely impacted educational systems globally. Most governments have temporarily closed educational institutions, with many switching to
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Online_education" title="Online education">
online education
</a>
. As of September 2020, approximately 1.077 billion
<a href="/wiki/Learning" title="Learning">
learners
</a>
were affected due to school closures in response to the pandemic. According to UNICEF monitoring, as of March 2020, 53 countries had closed all schools and 27 some, impacting about 61.6 per cent of the world's student population.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ynkmU_673-0">
<a href="#cite_note-ynkmU-673">
[671]
</a>
</sup>
School closures impact not only students, teachers, and families but have far-reaching economic and societal consequences. They shed light on social and economic issues, including
<a href="/wiki/Student_debt" title="Student debt">
student debt
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Digital_learning" title="Digital learning">
digital learning
</a>
, food insecurity, and
<a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">
homelessness
</a>
, as well as access to
<a href="/wiki/Child_care" title="Child care">
childcare
</a>
, health care, housing, internet, and
<a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_movement" title="Disability rights movement">
disability services
</a>
. The impact has been more severe for disadvantaged children and their families.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-674">
<a href="#cite_note-674">
[672]
</a>
</sup>
<div class="excerpt">
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="609" data-file-width="1000" decoding="async" height="134" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg/220px-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg/330px-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg/440px-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Students take end-of-year exams in
<a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">
Tabriz
</a>
, Iran, during the pandemic
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The Higher Education Policy Institute conducted a report which discovered that around 63% of students claimed that their mental health had been worsened as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and alongside this 38% demonstrated satisfaction with the accessibility of mental health services. Despite this, the director for policy and advocacy at the institute has explained that it is still unclear as to how and when normality will resume for students regarding their education and living situation.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-675">
<a href="#cite_note-675">
[673]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
</div>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Other_health_issues">
Other health issues
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main articles:
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">
Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</div>
<div class="excerpt-block">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="excerpt">
<p>
The pandemic has had many impacts on global health beyond those caused by the COVID-19 disease itself. It has led to a reduction in hospital visits for other reasons. There have been 38 per cent fewer hospital visits for
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Heart_attack" title="Heart attack">
heart attack
</a>
symptoms in the United States and 40 per cent fewer in Spain.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-676">
<a href="#cite_note-676">
[674]
</a>
</sup>
The head of cardiology at the
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona">
University of Arizona
</a>
said, "My worry is some of these people are dying at home because they're too scared to go to the hospital."
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Stat_News,_with_serious_heart_symptoms_away,_April_23_677-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Stat_News,_with_serious_heart_symptoms_away,_April_23-677">
[675]
</a>
</sup>
There is also concern that people with
<a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">
strokes
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Appendicitis" title="Appendicitis">
appendicitis
</a>
are not seeking timely treatment.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Stat_News,_with_serious_heart_symptoms_away,_April_23_677-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Stat_News,_with_serious_heart_symptoms_away,_April_23-677">
[675]
</a>
</sup>
<a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Shortages
</a>
of medical supplies have impacted people with various conditions.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Atlantic_Shortages_678-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Atlantic_Shortages-678">
[676]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
In several countries there has been a marked reduction of spread of
<a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">
sexually transmitted infections
</a>
, including
<a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">
HIV/AIDS
</a>
, attributable to COVID-19 quarantines, social distancing measures, and recommendations to not engage in casual sex.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-679">
<a href="#cite_note-679">
[677]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-680">
<a href="#cite_note-680">
[678]
</a>
</sup>
Similarly, in some places, rates of transmission of
<a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">
influenza
</a>
and other respiratory viruses significantly decreased during the pandemic.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-681">
<a href="#cite_note-681">
[679]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-682">
<a href="#cite_note-682">
[680]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-683">
<a href="#cite_note-683">
[681]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
The pandemic has also
<a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">
negatively impacted mental health
</a>
globally, including increased
<a href="/wiki/Loneliness" title="Loneliness">
loneliness
</a>
resulting from social distancing
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Brooks26Feb2020_684-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Brooks26Feb2020-684">
[682]
</a>
</sup>
and depression and domestic violence from lockdowns.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_98XVx_685-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_98XVx-685">
[683]
</a>
</sup>
As of June 2020, 40% of U.S. adults were experiencing adverse mental health symptoms, with 11% having seriously considered trying to kill themselves in the past month.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-686">
<a href="#cite_note-686">
[684]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
Paying attention and taking measures to prevent mental health problems and post-traumatic stress syndrome, particularly in women, is already a need.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-687">
<a href="#cite_note-687">
[685]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Environment_and_climate">
Environment and climate
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment
</a>
</div>
<div class="excerpt">
<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">
COVID-19 pandemic on environmental issues and Earth's climate
</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;">
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="595" data-file-width="720" decoding="async" height="273" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png/330px-Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png/495px-Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png/660px-Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png 2x" width="330"/>
</a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png" title="Enlarge">
</a>
</div>
Images from the
<a href="/wiki/NASA_Earth_Observatory" title="NASA Earth Observatory">
NASA Earth Observatory
</a>
show a stark drop in pollution in
<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">
Wuhan
</a>
, when comparing
<a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide" title="Nitrogen dioxide">
NO
<sub>
2
</sub>
</a>
levels in early 2019 (top) and early 2020 (bottom).
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-688">
<a href="#cite_note-688">
[686]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The worldwide disruption caused by the pandemic resulted in numerous positive effects to the
<a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">
environment
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">
climate
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Heidari_1–1_689-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Heidari_1–1-689">
[687]
</a>
</sup>
The global reduction in modern human activity such as the considerable
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Transportation" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
decline in planned travel
</a>
was coined
<a href="/wiki/Anthropause" title="Anthropause">
anthropause
</a>
and has caused a large drop in
<a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">
air pollution
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">
water pollution
</a>
in many regions.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Heidari_1–1_689-1">
<a href="#cite_note-Heidari_1–1-689">
[687]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-690">
<a href="#cite_note-690">
[688]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-691">
<a href="#cite_note-691">
[689]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbcOverview1_692-0">
<a href="#cite_note-bbcOverview1-692">
[690]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-693">
<a href="#cite_note-693">
[691]
</a>
</sup>
In China,
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_Hubei" title="COVID-19 lockdown in Hubei">
lockdowns
</a>
and other measures resulted in a 25
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
percent reduction in
<a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">
carbon emissions
</a>
and
<span class="nowrap">
</span>
50 percent reduction in nitrogen oxides emissions, which one
<a href="/wiki/Earth_system_science" title="Earth system science">
Earth systems
</a>
scientist estimated may have saved at least 77,000 lives over two months.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mdpi_694-0">
<a href="#cite_note-mdpi-694">
[692]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DIm4R_695-0">
<a href="#cite_note-DIm4R-695">
[693]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-GFEED_696-0">
<a href="#cite_note-GFEED-696">
[694]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mcmahon_697-0">
<a href="#cite_note-mcmahon-697">
[695]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
Other positive effects on the environment include
<a href="/wiki/Governance" title="Governance">
governance
</a>
-system-controlled investments towards a
<a href="/wiki/Energy_transition" title="Energy transition">
sustainable energy transition
</a>
and other goals related to environmental protection such as the
<a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">
European Union
</a>
's seven-year €1 trillion budget proposal and €750 billion recovery plan "
<a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_EU" title="Next Generation EU">
Next Generation EU
</a>
" which seeks to reserve 25 percent of EU spending for climate-friendly expenditure.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-698">
<a href="#cite_note-698">
[696]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-699">
<a href="#cite_note-699">
[697]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-700">
<a href="#cite_note-700">
[698]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
However, some human activity during the pandemic also provided cover for illegal activities such as
<a href="/wiki/Deforestation_of_the_Amazon_rainforest" title="Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest">
deforestation of the Amazon rainforest
</a>
and increased
<a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">
poaching
</a>
in Africa. The hindering of
<a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy" title="Environmental policy">
environmental diplomacy
</a>
efforts in combination of
<a href="/wiki/Late_capitalism" title="Late capitalism">
late capitalism
</a>
also created
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">
economic fallout
</a>
that some predict will slow investment in
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Green_energy" title="Green energy">
green energy
</a>
technologies.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Poaching1_701-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Poaching1-701">
[699]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Poaching2_702-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Poaching2-702">
[700]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-UN_703-0">
<a href="#cite_note-UN-703">
[701]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Amazon1_704-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Amazon1-704">
[702]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Amazon2_705-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Amazon2-705">
[703]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9mMFi_706-0">
<a href="#cite_note-9mMFi-706">
[704]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">
[
<i>
<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">
<span title="This claim has too many footnotes for reading to be smooth. (October 2021)">
excessive citations
</span>
</a>
</i>
]
</sup>
</p>
</div>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Discrimination_and_prejudice">
Discrimination and prejudice
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</div>
<p>
Heightened prejudice, xenophobia, and racism have been documented around the world
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Sinophobe" title="Sinophobe">
toward people of Chinese and East Asian descent
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-251_707-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-251-707">
[705]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-zogcf_708-0">
<a href="#cite_note-zogcf-708">
[706]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8BY2Y_709-0">
<a href="#cite_note-8BY2Y-709">
[707]
</a>
</sup>
Reports from February 2020 (when most confirmed cases were confined to China) documented racist sentiments expressed in groups worldwide about Chinese people 'deserving' the virus.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bangkokpost1854094_710-0">
<a href="#cite_note-bangkokpost1854094-710">
[708]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-psychologytoday202002_711-0">
<a href="#cite_note-psychologytoday202002-711">
[709]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200201telegraph_712-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200201telegraph-712">
[710]
</a>
</sup>
Chinese people and other Asian peoples in the United Kingdom and United States have reported increasing levels of racist abuse and assaults.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT_Racism_713-0">
<a href="#cite_note-NYT_Racism-713">
[711]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-05O7n_714-0">
<a href="#cite_note-05O7n-714">
[712]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT_April_Racism_715-0">
<a href="#cite_note-NYT_April_Racism-715">
[713]
</a>
</sup>
Former US President Donald Trump was criticised for referring to the COVID-19 as the "Chinese Virus" and "Kung Flu", which has been condemned as racist and xenophobic.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-trumpnyt_716-0">
<a href="#cite_note-trumpnyt-716">
[714]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200320BI_717-0">
<a href="#cite_note-20200320BI-717">
[715]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MNCw4_718-0">
<a href="#cite_note-MNCw4-718">
[716]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
Age-based discrimination against older adults, while already present before the pandemic, was more prevalent during the pandemic. This has been attributed to their perceived vulnerability to the virus and subsequent physical and social isolation measures, which, coupled with their already reduced social activity, has increased dependency on others. Similarly, limited digital literacy has left the elderly more vulnerable to the effects of isolation, depression, and loneliness.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-719">
<a href="#cite_note-719">
[717]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Lifestyle_changes">
Lifestyle changes
</span>
</h3>
<p>
The pandemic has resulted in many people adapting to massive changes in life, from increased internet commerce activity to the job market. Social distancing has caused increased sales from large e-commerce companies such as
<a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">
Amazon
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group">
Alibaba
</a>
, and
<a href="/wiki/Coupang" title="Coupang">
Coupang
</a>
. Online retailers in the US posted 791.70 billion dollars in sales in 2020, an increase of 32.4% from 598.02 billion dollars from the year before.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DDCV1ECMR_720-0">
<a href="#cite_note-DDCV1ECMR-720">
[718]
</a>
</sup>
The trend of home delivery orders have increased due to the pandemic, with indoor dining restaurants shutting down due to lockdown orders or low sales.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty783_721-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty783-721">
[719]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty784_722-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty784-722">
[720]
</a>
</sup>
Hackers and cybercriminals/scammers have started targeting people due to the massive changes, with some pretending to be part of the CDC, and others using different phishing schemes.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty787_723-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty787-723">
[721]
</a>
</sup>
Education worldwide has increasingly shifted from physical attendance to video conferencing apps such as Zoom as lockdown measures have resulted in schools being forced to shut down.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty790_724-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty790-724">
[722]
</a>
</sup>
Due to the pandemic, mass layoffs have occurred in the airline, travel, hospitality, and some other industries. (There were no signs of permanent recovery as of May 2021
<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;">
<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">
[update]
</a>
</sup>
.)
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty6966_725-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty6966-725">
[723]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty9999_726-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty9999-726">
[724]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Information_dissemination">
Information dissemination
</span>
</h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Further information:
<a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media
</a>
, and
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism
</a>
</div>
<p>
Ongoing COVID-19 research is indexed and searchable in the
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/NIH" title="NIH">
NIH
</a>
COVID-19 Portfolio.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Zygy7_727-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Zygy7-727">
[725]
</a>
</sup>
Some newspaper agencies removed their online
<a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="Paywall">
paywalls
</a>
for some or all of their COVID-19-related articles and posts,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Paywalls_728-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Paywalls-728">
[726]
</a>
</sup>
while scientific publishers made scientific papers related to the outbreak available with
<a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">
open access
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-255_729-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-255-729">
[727]
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Aristovnik_et_al._2020_730-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Aristovnik_et_al._2020-730">
[728]
</a>
</sup>
Some scientists chose to share their results quickly on
<a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">
preprint
</a>
servers such as
<a href="/wiki/BioRxiv" title="BioRxiv">
bioRxiv
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-256_731-0">
<a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-256-731">
[729]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
Maps have played a key role in disseminating information concerning the spatial distribution of the disease, especially with the development of dashboards to present data in near real-time. Methods of data visualisation have drawn some criticism, however, in the over-simplification of geographical patterns indicated by choropleth maps that adopt national, rather than local, map scales.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-732">
<a href="#cite_note-732">
[730]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
<span class="anchor" id="Disinformation">
</span>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Misinformation">
Misinformation
</span>
</h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">
Main article:
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">
COVID-19 misinformation
</a>
</div>
<div class="excerpt-block">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<div class="excerpt">
<p>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">
COVID-19 misinformation
</a>
refers to any kind of subject about the COVID-19 pandemic that has resulted in
<a href="/wiki/Misinformation" title="Misinformation">
misinformation
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">
conspiracy theories
</a>
about the scale of the pandemic and the
<a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">
origin
</a>
, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">
the disease
</a>
. False information, including intentional
<a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">
disinformation
</a>
, has been
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media#Misinformation" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">
spread through social media
</a>
, text messaging,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_misinformation_FTTextMsg_733-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_misinformation_FTTextMsg-733">
[731]
</a>
</sup>
and
<a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">
mass media
</a>
. False information has been propagated by celebrities, politicians, and other prominent public figures. Multiple countries have passed laws against "fake news", and thousands of people have been arrested for spreading COVID-19 misinformation. The spread of
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments" title="COVID-19 misinformation by governments">
COVID-19 misinformation by governments
</a>
has also been significant.
</p>
<p>
Commercial
<a href="/wiki/Confidence_trick" title="Confidence trick">
scams
</a>
have claimed to offer
<a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">
at-home tests, supposed preventives, and "miracle" cures
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-734">
<a href="#cite_note-734">
[732]
</a>
</sup>
Several religious groups have claimed their faith will protect them from the virus.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-735">
<a href="#cite_note-735">
[733]
</a>
</sup>
Without evidence, some people have claimed the virus is a
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Bioweapon" title="Bioweapon">
bioweapon
</a>
accidentally or deliberately leaked from a laboratory, a
<a href="/wiki/Human_population_planning" title="Human population planning">
population control
</a>
scheme, the result of a
<a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">
spy operation
</a>
, or the side effect of
<a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">
5G
</a>
upgrades to cellular networks.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-736">
<a href="#cite_note-736">
[734]
</a>
</sup>
</p>
The
<a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">
World Health Organization
</a>
(WHO) declared an "infodemic" of incorrect information about the virus that poses risks to global health.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_misinformation_Lowy_737-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_misinformation_Lowy-737">
[735]
</a>
</sup>
While belief in conspiracy theories is not a new phenomenon, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this can lead to adverse health effects. Cognitive biases, such as jumping to conclusions and confirmation bias, may be linked to the occurrence of conspiracy beliefs.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-738">
<a href="#cite_note-738">
[736]
</a>
</sup>
In addition to health effects, harms resulting from the spread of misinformation and endorsement of conspiracy theories include increasing distrust of news organizations and medical authorities as well as divisiveness and political fragmentation.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-739">
<a href="#cite_note-739">
[737]
</a>
</sup>
</div>
</div>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">
See also
</span>
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Emerging_infectious_disease" title="Emerging infectious disease">
Emerging infectious disease
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_disease" title="Globalization and disease">
Globalization and disease
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_epidemics" title="List of epidemics">
List of epidemics
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">
Notes
</span>
</h2>
<div class="mw-references-wrap">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-97">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-97">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
Some refer to 'fatality rate'; however 'fatality ratio' is more accurate as this is not per unit time.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHOest_90-1">
<a href="#cite_note-WHOest-90">
[90]
</a>
</sup>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-491">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-491">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
A lack of mass testing obscured the extent of the outbreak.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_WhoriskeyMarch16_490-0">
<a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_WhoriskeyMarch16-490">
[489]
</a>
</sup>
</span>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="References">
References
</span>
</h2>
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<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-1">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">
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10.3892/mmr.2020.11393
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PMC
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7453598
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<b>
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<li id="cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
^
<a href="#cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-0">
<sup>
<i>
<b>
a
</b>
</i>
</sup>
</a>
<a href="#cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-1">
<sup>
<i>
<b>
b
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</i>
</sup>
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<a href="#cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-2">
<sup>
<i>
<b>
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</i>
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<sup>
<i>
<b>
d
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<i>
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<a href="#cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-5">
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<i>
<b>
f
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</i>
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<a href="#cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-6">
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<i>
<b>
g
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a
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<a href="#cite_ref-:7_5-1">
<sup>
<i>
<b>
b
</b>
</i>
</sup>
</a>
<a href="#cite_ref-:7_5-2">
<sup>
<i>
<b>
c
</b>
</i>
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<a class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/ijzcg/status/1264588977727844354" rel="nofollow">
"IT'S OFFICIAL: CURRENTLY THERE ARE NO ACTIVE CASES OF #COVID19 IN MONTENEGRO"
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(Tweet)
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24 May
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.
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</span>
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<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-386">
^
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</b>
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"Montenegro is Corona-Free"
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<li id="cite_note-387">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-387">
^
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</b>
</span>
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<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1">
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"New imported case discovered"
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</span>
<sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">
[
<i>
<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">
<span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (July 2021)">
non-primary source needed
</span>
</a>
</i>
]
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<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
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^
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<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
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^
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<b>
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^
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^
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^
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<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">
Further reading
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</h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011217839">
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<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">
PMC
</a>
<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">
<a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7111068" rel="nofollow">
7111068
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.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">
PMID
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Funk CD, Laferrière C, Ardakani A (2020).
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"A Snapshot of the Global Race for Vaccines Targeting SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 Pandemic"
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Frontiers in Pharmacology
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doi
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:
<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffphar.2020.00937" rel="nofollow">
10.3389/fphar.2020.00937
</a>
</span>
.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">
PMC
</a>
<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">
<a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7317023" rel="nofollow">
7317023
</a>
</span>
.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">
PMID
</a>
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32636754
</a>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=A+Snapshot+of+the+Global+Race+for+Vaccines+Targeting+SARS-CoV-2+and+the+COVID-19+Pandemic&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=937&rft.date=2020&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7317023%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32636754&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffphar.2020.00937&rft.aulast=Funk&rft.aufirst=CD&rft.au=Laferri%C3%A8re%2C+C&rft.au=Ardakani%2C+A&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7317023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic">
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"Development and Licensure of Vaccines to Prevent COVID-19"
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<span class="cs1-format">
(PDF)
</span>
.
<i>
U.S.
<a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">
Food and Drug Administration
</a>
(FDA)
</i>
. June 2020.
<a class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/development-and-licensure-vaccines-prevent-covid-19" rel="nofollow">
Lay summary
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Birhane M, Bressler S, Chang G, Clark T, Dorough L, Fischer M, et al. (May 2021).
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"COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reported to CDC - United States, January 1-April 30, 2021"
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</a>
.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">
PMC
</a>
<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">
<a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8158893" rel="nofollow">
8158893
</a>
</span>
.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">
PMID
</a>
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34043615
</a>
.
</cite>
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</span>
</li>
<li>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFBieksieneZaveckieneMalakauskasVaguliene2021">
Bieksiene K, Zaveckiene J, Malakauskas K, Vaguliene N, Zemaitis M, Miliauskas S (March 2021).
<a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8003092" rel="nofollow">
"Post COVID-19 Organizing Pneumonia: The Right Time to Interfere"
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Medicina
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.
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57
</b>
(3): 283.
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doi
</a>
:
<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmedicina57030283" rel="nofollow">
10.3390/medicina57030283
</a>
</span>
.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">
PMC
</a>
<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">
<a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8003092" rel="nofollow">
8003092
</a>
</span>
.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">
PMID
</a>
<a class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33803690" rel="nofollow">
33803690
</a>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medicina&rft.atitle=Post+COVID-19+Organizing+Pneumonia%3A+The+Right+Time+to+Interfere&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=283&rft.date=2021-03&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8003092%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33803690&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fmedicina57030283&rft.aulast=Bieksiene&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Zaveckiene%2C+J&rft.au=Malakauskas%2C+K&rft.au=Vaguliene%2C+N&rft.au=Zemaitis%2C+M&rft.au=Miliauskas%2C+S&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8003092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic">
</span>
</li>
<li>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFChenAllotLu2021">
Chen, Qingyu; Allot, Alexis; Lu, Zhiyong (8 January 2021).
<a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7778958" rel="nofollow">
"LitCovid: an open database of COVID-19 literature"
</a>
.
<i>
Nucleic Acids Research
</i>
.
<b>
49
</b>
(D1): D1534–D1540.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">
doi
</a>
:
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkaa952" rel="nofollow">
10.1093/nar/gkaa952
</a>
.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" title="ISSN (identifier)">
ISSN
</a>
<a class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1362-4962" rel="nofollow">
1362-4962
</a>
.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">
PMC
</a>
<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">
<a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7778958" rel="nofollow">
7778958
</a>
</span>
.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">
PMID
</a>
<a class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33166392" rel="nofollow">
33166392
</a>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=LitCovid%3A+an+open+database+of+COVID-19+literature&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=D1&rft.pages=D1534-D1540&rft.date=2021-01-08&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7778958%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1362-4962&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33166392&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkaa952&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Qingyu&rft.au=Allot%2C+Alexis&rft.au=Lu%2C+Zhiyong&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7778958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic">
</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">
External links
</span>
</h2>
<table class="metadata mbox-small" role="presentation" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="mbox-image">
<img alt="" class="noviewer" data-file-height="104" data-file-width="107" decoding="async" height="39" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/40px-Scholia_logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/60px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/80px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 2x" width="40"/>
</td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">
<a class="extiw" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Scholia" title="d:Wikidata:Scholia">
Scholia
</a>
has a profile for
<a class="extiw" href="https://iw.toolforge.org/scholia/Q81068910" title="toolforge:scholia/Q81068910">
<b>
COVID-19 pandemic
<small>
(Q81068910)
</small>
</b>
</a>
.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Health_agencies">
Health agencies
</span>
</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019" rel="nofollow">
COVID-19
</a>
(
<a class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses" rel="nofollow">
Questions & Answers
</a>
,
<a class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbpi6ZahtOH5PLTT1yfXxcxDsNM40N1uG" rel="nofollow">
instructional videos
</a>
;
<a class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters" rel="nofollow">
Facts/MythBusters
</a>
) by the
<a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">
World Health Organization
</a>
(WHO)
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/coronavirus-disease-covid-19.html" rel="nofollow">
COVID-19
</a>
by the
<a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">
Government of Canada
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="http://en.nhc.gov.cn/antivirusfight.html" rel="nofollow">
COVID-19
</a>
by the
<a href="/wiki/National_Health_Commission" title="National Health Commission">
National Health Commission
</a>
, China
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/novel-coronavirus-china" rel="nofollow">
COVID-19
</a>
(
<a class="external text" href="http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/novel-coronavirus-china/questions-answers" rel="nofollow">
Q&A
</a>
) by the
<a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Disease_Prevention_and_Control" title="European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control">
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19" rel="nofollow">
COVID-19
</a>
(
<a class="external text" href="http://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19/faqs" rel="nofollow">
Q&A
</a>
) by the
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health" title="Ministry of Health">
Ministry of Health
</a>
, Singapore
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html" rel="nofollow">
COVID-19
</a>
(
<a class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/index.html" rel="nofollow">
Q&A
</a>
) by the US
<a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
</a>
(CDC)
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/emres/2019_ncov.html" rel="nofollow">
Coronavirus Disease 2019
</a>
(
<a class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-130/pdfs/2018-130.pdf?id=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2018130" rel="nofollow">
Q&A
</a>
) by the US
<a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
</a>
(NIOSH)
</li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Directories">
Directories
</span>
</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Respiratory_Disorders/COVID-19/" rel="nofollow">
COVID-19 Directory on Curlie
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://openmd.com/directory/covid-19" rel="nofollow">
COVID-19 Resource Directory on OpenMD
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Data_and_graphs">
Data and graphs
</span>
</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/" rel="nofollow">
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation reports
</a>
and
<a class="external text" href="https://who.sprinklr.com/" rel="nofollow">
map
</a>
by the
<a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">
World Health Organization
</a>
(WHO)
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/" rel="nofollow">
COVID-19 Resource Center
</a>
,
<a class="external text" href="https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html" rel="nofollow">
map
</a>
, and
<a class="external text" href="https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19" rel="nofollow">
historical data
</a>
by
<a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">
Johns Hopkins University
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/data" rel="nofollow">
COVID-19 data sets
</a>
published by the
<a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Disease_Prevention_and_Control" title="European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control">
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
</a>
(ECDC)
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://covid.observer" rel="nofollow">
COVID-19 Observer
</a>
based on
<a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">
Johns Hopkins University
</a>
data
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus" rel="nofollow">
COVID-19 Statistics and Research
</a>
published by
<a href="/wiki/Our_World_in_Data" title="Our World in Data">
Our World in Data
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://www.statnews.com/feature/coronavirus/covid-19-tracker/" rel="nofollow">
COVID-19 Tracker
</a>
from
<a href="/wiki/Stat_(website)" title="Stat (website)">
Stat News
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://covid19.healthdata.org/global" rel="nofollow">
COVID-19 Projections
</a>
for many countries published by
<a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Health_Metrics_and_Evaluation" title="Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation">
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://covid19comparisongraphs.webador.co.uk/" rel="nofollow">
Spreadsheets: Country comparisons
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://gabgoh.github.io/COVID/index.html" rel="nofollow">
Epidemic Calculator
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://unwfp.maps.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/42b8837bb25049b9b1f69a9555d55808" rel="nofollow">
World Travel Restrictions
</a>
based on
<a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">
World Food Programme
</a>
(WFP) data
</li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Medical_journals">
Medical journals
</span>
</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://www.nejm.org/coronavirus" rel="nofollow">
Coronavirus (COVID-19)
</a>
by
<i>
<a href="/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine">
The New England Journal of Medicine
</a>
</i>
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://www.bmj.com/coronavirus" rel="nofollow">
Coronavirus (COVID-19) Hub
</a>
by
<a href="/wiki/BMJ_(company)" title="BMJ (company)">
BMJ Publishing Group
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/pages/coronavirus-alert" rel="nofollow">
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
</a>
by
<i>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/JAMA_(journal)" title="JAMA (journal)">
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
</a>
</i>
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/" rel="nofollow">
COVID-19: Novel Coronavirus Outbreak
</a>
by
<a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">
Wiley Publishing
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://collections.plos.org/covid-19" rel="nofollow">
COVID-19 pandemic (2019–20) Collection
</a>
by
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Public_Library_of_Science" title="Public Library of Science">
Public Library of Science
</a>
(PLOS)
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://icite.od.nih.gov/covid19/search/" rel="nofollow">
COVID-19 Portfolio
</a>
, a curated collection of publications and preprints by
<a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">
National Institutes of Health
</a>
(NIH)
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/campaigns/coronavirus" rel="nofollow">
COVID-19 Research Highlights
</a>
by
<a href="/wiki/Springer_Nature" title="Springer Nature">
Springer Nature
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://www.thelancet.com/coronavirus" rel="nofollow">
COVID-19 Resource Centre
</a>
by
<i>
<a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">
The Lancet
</a>
</i>
</li>
<li>
<a class="external text" href="https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center" rel="nofollow">
Novel Coronavirus Information Center
</a>
by
<a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">
Elsevier
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<div aria-labelledby="COVID-19_pandemic" class="navbox" role="navigation" style="padding:3px">
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COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2">
<div id="*_COVID-19_(disease)_*_SARS-CoV-2_(virus)">
<ul>
<li>
<b>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">
COVID-19
</a>
</b>
(disease)
</li>
<li>
<b>
<a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">
SARS-CoV-2
</a>
</b>
(virus)
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col">
<div id="Timeline" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Timeline
</a>
</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
<a href="/wiki/Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Pre-pandemic
</a>
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
</a>
(SARS)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome">
Middle East respiratory syndrome
</a>
(MERS)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Crimson_Contagion" title="Crimson Contagion">
Crimson Contagion
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Disease_X" title="Disease X">
Disease X
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security#Event_201" title="Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security">
Event 201
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Exercise_Cygnus" title="Exercise Cygnus">
Exercise Cygnus
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">
2019
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
2020
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">
January
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">
February
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">
March
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">
April
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">
May
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">
June
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">
July
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">
August
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">
September
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">
October
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">
November
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">
December
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
2021
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">
January
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">
February
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">
March
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">
April
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">
May
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">
June
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">
July
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">
August
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">
September
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">
October
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">
responses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col">
<div id="Locations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">
Locations
</a>
</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">
Africa
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">
Asia
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">
Europe
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">
North America
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">
Oceania
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">
South America
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">
Antarctica
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships">
Cruise ships
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships">
Naval ships
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col">
<div id="Impacts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Impacts
</a>
</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Culture and
<br/>
entertainment
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage">
Arts and cultural heritage
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture" title="COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture">
References in popular culture
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema">
Cinema
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">
films affected
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on The Walt Disney Company">
Disney
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">
Education
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Homeschooling_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic">
homeschooling
</a>
</li>
<li>
by country
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana">
Ghana
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Republic of Ireland">
Ireland
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom">
United Kingdom
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/2020_UK_GCSE_and_A-Level_grading_controversy" title="2020 UK GCSE and A-Level grading controversy">
exam grading controversy
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States">
United States
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_events_affected_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic">
Events affected
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry">
Fashion industry
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry">
Music industry
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts">
Performing arts
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports">
Sports
</a>
<ul>
<li>
By country
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports in the Republic of Ireland">
Ireland
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philippine_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Philippine sports">
Philippines
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
By sport
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football">
association football
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports">
combat sports
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket">
cricket
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf">
disc golf
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games">
Gaelic games
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport">
motorsport
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Suspension_of_the_2019%E2%80%9320_NBA_season" title="Suspension of the 2019–20 NBA season">
NBA
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league">
rugby league
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television">
Television
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States">
U.S.
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">
programs affected
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry">
Video games
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Society
<br/>
and rights
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Social
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">
social media
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_associated_with_COVID-19" title="Social stigma associated with COVID-19">
stigma
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_party" title="COVID-19 party">
COVID-19 parties
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children">
Children
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States">
foster care in the U.S.
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Gendered_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Gender
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_healthcare_workers" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers">
Healthcare workers
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">
Hospitals
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ICU_capacity" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ICU capacity">
ICU capacity
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Human_rights_issues_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Human rights issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Human rights
</a>
</li>
<li>
Legal
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States">
abortion in the U.S.
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime">
crime
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime in the Republic of Ireland">
crime in Ireland
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence">
domestic violence
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons">
prisons
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention" title="COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention">
U.S. immigration detention
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community">
LGBT community
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_black_people" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on black people">
African-American communities
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities">
Native American communities
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities">
Long-term care facilities
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_public_transport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport">
Public transport
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion">
Religion
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">
Catholic Church
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj">
Hajj
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic">
Strikes
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Xenophobia and racism
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Economic
</a>
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation">
Aviation
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of airlines impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">
Airlines
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry">
Cannabis industry
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Charitable_activities_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Charitable activities related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Charitable activity
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_scams" title="COVID-19 scams">
COVID-19 scams
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">
COVID-19 recession
</a>
</li>
<li>
Economic
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">
Canada
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">
India
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">
Ireland
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Pandemic_Unemployment_Payment" title="COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment">
COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">
Malaysia
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">
New Zealand
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">
U.K.
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">
U.S.
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Financial markets
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry">
Food industry
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada">
meat industry in Canada
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States">
meat industry in the U.S.
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States">
restaurant industry in the U.S.
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">
Global stock market crash
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/2021_global_supply_chain_crisis" title="2021 global supply chain crisis">
Global supply chain
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">
Hospitals
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">
Mink farming
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war" title="2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war">
Oil price war
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail">
Retail
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Great_Resignation" title="Great Resignation">
Great Resignation
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">
Tourism
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Travel restrictions
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Information
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">
Journalism
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Media coverage
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">
Misinformation
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments" title="COVID-19 misinformation by governments">
Governments
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China" title="COVID-19 misinformation by China">
China
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 misinformation by the United States">
United States
</a>
</li>
<li>
<i>
<a href="/wiki/Plandemic" title="Plandemic">
Plandemic
</a>
</i>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Wikipedia coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Wikipedia's response
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
<a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Politics
</a>
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">
National responses
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_pandemic_legislation" title="List of COVID-19 pandemic legislation">
Legislation
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Protests
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_anti-lockdown_protests_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 anti-lockdown protests in Canada">
Canada
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Protests_over_COVID-19_policies_in_Italy" title="Protests over COVID-19 policies in Italy">
Italy
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Protests_over_COVID-19_policies_in_Germany" title="Protests over COVID-19 policies in Germany">
Germany
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/2021_Idar-Oberstein_shooting" title="2021 Idar-Oberstein shooting">
Idar-Oberstein shooting
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/2021_Dutch_curfew_riots" title="2021 Dutch curfew riots">
the Netherlands
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_anti-lockdown_protests_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 anti-lockdown protests in New Zealand">
New Zealand
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/2020_Serbian_protests" title="2020 Serbian protests">
Serbia
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 protests in the United Kingdom">
United Kingdom
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_anti-lockdown_protests_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 anti-lockdown protests in the United States">
United States
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Open_the_States" title="Open the States">
Open the States
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations">
International relations
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Aid
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="International reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">
Italy
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Moldovan%E2%80%93Romanian_collaboration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Moldovan–Romanian collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic">
Moldovan–Romanian collaboration
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan" title="Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan">
Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">
European Union
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland">
Ireland
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia">
Malaysia
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
<a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic">
Language
</a>
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Doomscrolling" title="Doomscrolling">
Doomscrolling
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">
Flattening the curve
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">
Long-hauler
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology#Telecommunications" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">
Quarantini
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">
Social distancing
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Superspreading_event" title="Superspreading event">
Superspreader
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Zoom_(software)" title="Zoom (software)">
Zoom
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Zoom_town" title="Zoom town">
Zoom towns
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Others
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_animals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on animals">
Animals
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Anthropause" title="Anthropause">
Anthropause
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">
Environment
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military">
Military
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">
Science and technology
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">
Food security
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col">
<div id="Health_issues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">
Health issues
</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Medical topics
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19" title="Transmission of COVID-19">
Transmission
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19" title="Symptoms of COVID-19">
Symptoms
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_and_cancer" title="COVID-19 and cancer">
Cancer
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Cutaneous_manifestations_of_COVID-19" title="Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19">
Skin manifestations
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">
Long COVID
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">
Mental health
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_COVID-19_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes" title="Impact of COVID-19 on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes">
neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy" title="COVID-19 in pregnancy">
Pregnancy
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">
Non-COVID-19–related health issues
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Shortages
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve#Raising_the_line" title="Flattening the curve">
Raise the line
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_after_COVID-19" title="Rehabilitation after COVID-19">
Rehabilitation
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">
Unproven medical methods
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Testing and
<br/>
epidemiology
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">
Disease testing
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer" title="Coronavirus breathalyzer">
Breathalyzer
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Operation_Moonshot" title="Operation Moonshot">
Operation Moonshot
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Test_to_Release" title="Test to Release">
Test to Release
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/UK_Rapid_Test_Consortium" title="UK Rapid Test Consortium">
UK Rapid Test Consortium
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/AbC-19_rapid_antibody_test" title="AbC-19 rapid antibody test">
AbC-19 rapid antibody test
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_rapid_antigen_test" title="COVID-19 rapid antigen test">
Rapid antigen test
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">
investigations into the origins
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory" title="COVID-19 lab leak theory">
lab leak theory
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_surveillance" title="COVID-19 surveillance">
Surveillance
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">
Death rates by country
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_datasets" title="COVID-19 datasets">
Datasets
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_apps" title="COVID-19 apps">
Apps
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/CareFIJI" title="CareFIJI">
careFIJI
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID_Alert" title="COVID Alert">
COVID Alert
</a>
(Canada)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa#COVID_AlertSA" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">
COVID AlertSA
</a>
(South Africa)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVIDSafe" title="COVIDSafe">
COVIDSafe
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID_Tracker_Ireland" title="COVID Tracker Ireland">
COVID Tracker Ireland
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Australia" title="Coronavirus Australia">
Coronavirus Australia
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Aarogya_Setu" title="Aarogya Setu">
Aarogya Setu
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/NZ_COVID_Tracer" title="NZ COVID Tracer">
NZ COVID Tracer
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/TraceTogether" title="TraceTogether">
TraceTogether
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/BlueTrace" title="BlueTrace">
BlueTrace
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Decentralized_Privacy-Preserving_Proximity_Tracing" title="Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing">
Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/NHS_COVID-19" title="NHS COVID-19">
NHS COVID-19
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/MySejahtera" title="MySejahtera">
MySejahtera
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SwissCovid" title="SwissCovid">
SwissCovid
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/TCN_Protocol" title="TCN Protocol">
TCN Protocol
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Exposure_Notification" title="Exposure Notification">
Exposure Notification
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID_Symptom_Study" title="COVID Symptom Study">
COVID Symptom Study
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Test,_Trace,_Protect" title="Test, Trace, Protect">
Test, Trace, Protect
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/NHS_Test_and_Trace" title="NHS Test and Trace">
NHS Test and Trace
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country" title="Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country">
Undercounting COVID-19 deaths
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation" title="Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">
Use and development of software
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Prevention
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Social distancing
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">
Face masks
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Mask_refusal" title="Mask refusal">
Mask refusal
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">
United States
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">
Flattening the curve
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19" title="Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19">
Workplace hazard controls
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">
Lockdowns
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
Evacuations
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">
Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">
International aid
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Safe_Hands_Challenge" title="Safe Hands Challenge">
Safe Hands Challenge
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Pandemic_fatigue#COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic fatigue">
COVID fatigue
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Great_Barrington_Declaration" title="Great Barrington Declaration">
Great Barrington Declaration
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Chloroquine_and_hydroxychloroquine_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during the COVID-19 pandemic">
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">
Vaccines
</a>
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Topics
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development" title="History of COVID-19 vaccine development">
Development
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research" title="COVID-19 vaccine clinical research">
Clinical research
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations" title="List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations">
Authorizations
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">
Deployment
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination" title="Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination">
Post-vaccination complications
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">
Operation Warp Speed
</a>
(U.S.)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">
Vaccine passports
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card" title="COVID-19 vaccine card">
Vaccine card
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy">
Misinformation and hesitancy
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States">
US
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Authorized
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
<a href="/wiki/DNA_vaccine" title="DNA vaccine">
DNA
</a>
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ZyCoV-D" title="ZyCoV-D">
ZyCoV-D
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
<a href="/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine" title="Inactivated vaccine">
Inactivated
</a>
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences COVID-19 vaccine">
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">
CoronaVac
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Covaxin" title="Covaxin">
Covaxin
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVIran_Barekat" title="COVIran Barekat">
COVIran Barekat
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/CoviVac_(Russia_COVID-19_vaccine)" title="CoviVac (Russia COVID-19 vaccine)">
CoviVac (Russia)
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/FAKHRAVAC" title="FAKHRAVAC">
FAKHRAVAC
</a>
(terminated)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Minhai_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Minhai COVID-19 vaccine">
Minhai
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/QazCovid-in" title="QazCovid-in">
QazCovid-in
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine">
Sinopharm–BBIBP
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_WIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine">
Sinopharm–WIBP
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/RNA_vaccine" title="RNA vaccine">
RNA
</a>
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">
Moderna
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">
Pfizer–BioNTech
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
<a href="/wiki/Subunit_vaccine" title="Subunit vaccine">
Subunit
</a>
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Abdala_(vaccine)" title="Abdala (vaccine)">
Abdala
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVAX-19" title="COVAX-19">
COVAX-19
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/EpiVacCorona" title="EpiVacCorona">
EpiVacCorona
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine" title="MVC COVID-19 vaccine">
MVC
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Soberana_02" title="Soberana 02">
Soberana 02
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Soberana_Plus" title="Soberana Plus">
Soberana Plus
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ZF2001" title="ZF2001">
ZF2001
</a>
(Zifivax)
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
<a href="/wiki/Viral_vector_vaccine" title="Viral vector vaccine">
Viral vector
</a>
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Convidecia" title="Convidecia">
Convidecia
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Janssen COVID-19 vaccine">
Janssen
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">
Oxford–AstraZeneca
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">
Sputnik V
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Sputnik_Light" title="Sputnik Light">
Sputnik Light
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
In trials
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
<a href="/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine" title="Attenuated vaccine">
Attenuated
</a>
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVI-VAC_(U.S._COVID-19_vaccine)" title="COVI-VAC (U.S. COVID-19 vaccine)">
COVI-VAC (United States)
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
DNA
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/AG0302-COVID%E2%80%9119" title="AG0302-COVID‑19">
AG0302-COVID‑19
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/GX-19" title="GX-19">
GX-19
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Inovio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Inovio COVID-19 vaccine">
Inovio
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Inactivated
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/TurkoVac" title="TurkoVac">
TurkoVac
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Valneva_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Valneva COVID-19 vaccine">
Valneva
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
RNA
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ARCT-021" title="ARCT-021">
ARCT-021
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ARCT-154" title="ARCT-154">
ARCT-154
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Bangavax" title="Bangavax">
Bangavax
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/CureVac_COVID-19_vaccine" title="CureVac COVID-19 vaccine">
CureVac
</a>
(terminated)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/HGC019" title="HGC019">
HGC019
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/PTX-COVID19-B" title="PTX-COVID19-B">
PTX-COVID19-B
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93Translate_Bio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sanofi–Translate Bio COVID-19 vaccine">
Sanofi–Translate Bio
</a>
(terminated)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Walvax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Walvax COVID-19 vaccine">
Walvax
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Subunit
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/202-CoV" title="202-CoV">
202-CoV
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Corbevax" title="Corbevax">
Corbevax
</a>
(Bio E COVID-19)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/EuCorVac-19" title="EuCorVac-19">
EuCorVac-19
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/GBP510" title="GBP510">
GBP510
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/IVX-411" title="IVX-411">
IVX-411
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Nanocovax" title="Nanocovax">
Nanocovax
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Noora_(vaccine)" title="Noora (vaccine)">
Noora
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Novavax COVID-19 vaccine">
Novavax
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Razi_Cov_Pars" title="Razi Cov Pars">
Razi Cov Pars
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93GSK_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine">
Sanofi–GSK
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SCB-2019" title="SCB-2019">
SCB-2019
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/UB-612" title="UB-612">
UB-612
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/V-01" title="V-01">
V-01
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/V451_vaccine" title="V451 vaccine">
V451
</a>
(terminated)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Vabiotech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Vabiotech COVID-19 vaccine">
Vabiotech
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/West_China_Hospital_COVID-19_vaccine" title="West China Hospital COVID-19 vaccine">
West China Hospital
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Zhongyianke_Biotech%E2%80%93Liaoning_Maokangyuan_Biotech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech COVID-19 vaccine">
Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Viral vector
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/AdCLD-CoV19" title="AdCLD-CoV19">
AdCLD-CoV19
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/BBV154" title="BBV154">
BBV154
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/BriLife" title="BriLife">
BriLife
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT" title="DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT">
DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/GRAd-COV2" title="GRAd-COV2">
GRAd-COV2
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ImmunityBio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="ImmunityBio COVID-19 vaccine">
ImmunityBio
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/NDV-HXP-S" title="NDV-HXP-S">
NDV-HXP-S
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
<a href="/wiki/Virus-like_particle" title="Virus-like particle">
Virus-like particles
</a>
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/CoVLP" title="CoVLP">
CoVLP
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/VBI-2902" title="VBI-2902">
VBI-2902
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
<a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">
Deployment
<br/>
by location
</a>
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Africa">
Africa
</a>
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Algeria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Algeria">
Algeria
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Angola" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Angola">
Angola
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin#Vaccination" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Benin">
Benin
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Botswana" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Botswana">
Botswana
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burkina_Faso" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Burkina Faso">
Burkina Faso
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burundi" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Burundi">
Burundi
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon">
Cameroon
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cape_Verde" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cape Verde">
Cape Verde
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon">
Cameroon
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Chad" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Chad">
Chad
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Comoros" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Comoros">
Comoros
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">
Democratic Republic of the Congo
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Djibouti" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Djibouti">
Djibouti
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Egypt">
Egypt
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Equatorial Guinea">
Equatorial Guinea
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Eswatini" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Eswatini">
Eswatini
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ghana" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana">
Ghana
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Morocco" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Morocco">
Morocco
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nigeria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria">
Nigeria
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Senegal" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Senegal">
Senegal
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 vaccination in South Africa">
South Africa
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Zimbabwe" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Zimbabwe">
Zimbabwe
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Asia
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bangladesh" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bangladesh">
Bangladesh
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bhutan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bhutan">
Bhutan
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China">
Mainland China
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India" title="COVID-19 vaccination in India">
India
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Indonesia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia">
Indonesia
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Israel">
Israel
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Japan">
Japan
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Kazakhstan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Kazakhstan">
Kazakhstan
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Malaysia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Malaysia">
Malaysia
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nepal" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Nepal">
Nepal
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines">
Philippines
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Russia">
Russia
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore">
Singapore
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea">
South Korea
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sri_Lanka" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Sri Lanka">
Sri Lanka
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Taiwan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan">
Taiwan
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand">
Thailand
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Turkey" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Turkey">
Turkey
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam">
Vietnam
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Europe
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Albania" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Albania">
Albania
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bosnia and Herzegovina">
Bosnia and Herzegovina
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bulgaria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria">
Bulgaria
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Croatia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Croatia">
Croatia
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Denmark" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Denmark">
Denmark
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France" title="COVID-19 vaccination in France">
France
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Germany">
Germany
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Greece" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Greece">
Greece
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Hungary" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Hungary">
Hungary
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iceland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Iceland">
Iceland
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland">
Ireland
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Italy">
Italy
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Moldova" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Moldova">
Moldova
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Norway" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Norway">
Norway
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Romania" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Romania">
Romania
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Russia">
Russia
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Spain">
Spain
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sweden" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Sweden">
Sweden
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Switzerland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Switzerland">
Switzerland
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ukraine" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine">
Ukraine
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United Kingdom">
United Kingdom
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
North America
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Canada">
Canada
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Quebec" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Quebec">
Quebec
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Haiti" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Haiti">
Haiti
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico">
Mexico
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United States">
United States
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States">
mandates
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Oceania
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Australia">
Australia
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Fiji" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Fiji">
Fiji
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand">
New Zealand
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
South America
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Argentina" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Argentina">
Argentina
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil">
Brazil
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Colombia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia">
Colombia
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Peru" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Peru">
Peru
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Others
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica#Vaccination" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">
Antarctica
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
<a href="/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19" title="Treatment and management of COVID-19">
Treatment
</a>
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">
Drug development
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research" title="COVID-19 drug repurposing research">
Drug repurposing research
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone#COVID‑19" title="Dexamethasone">
Dexamethasone
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Baricitinib" title="Baricitinib">
Baricitinib
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/RECOVERY_Trial" title="RECOVERY Trial">
RECOVERY Trial
</a>
(UK)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Solidarity_trial" title="Solidarity trial">
Solidarity trial
</a>
(WHO)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Open-source_ventilator#COVID-19_pandemic" title="Open-source ventilator">
Open-source ventilator
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Extracorporeal_membrane_oxygenation#Use_in_COVID-19_patients" title="Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation">
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
<a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">
Monoclonal antibodies
</a>
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Bamlanivimab/etesevimab" title="Bamlanivimab/etesevimab">
Bamlanivimab/etesevimab
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Bamlanivimab" title="Bamlanivimab">
Bamlanivimab
</a>
</li>
<li>
Etesevimab
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Casirivimab/imdevimab" title="Casirivimab/imdevimab">
Casirivimab/imdevimab
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Regdanvimab" title="Regdanvimab">
Regdanvimab
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Sarilumab" title="Sarilumab">
Sarilumab
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Sotrovimab" title="Sotrovimab">
Sotrovimab
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Tocilizumab" title="Tocilizumab">
Tocilizumab
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
<a href="/wiki/Antiviral_drug" title="Antiviral drug">
Small molecule antivirals
</a>
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Broad-spectrum_antiviral_drug" title="Broad-spectrum antiviral drug">
Broad-spectrum
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Remdesivir#COVID-19" title="Remdesivir">
Remdesivir
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Molnupiravir" title="Molnupiravir">
Molnupiravir
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col">
<div id="Variants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">
<a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">
Variants
</a>
</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant">
Alpha
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant">
Beta
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant">
Gamma
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">
Delta
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant">
Epsilon
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant">
Zeta
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant">
Eta
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant">
Theta
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant">
Iota
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant">
Kappa
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant">
Lambda
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant">
Mu
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">
Cluster 5
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617" title="SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617">
Lineage B.1.617
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Variant_of_concern" title="Variant of concern">
Variant of concern
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col">
<div id="Institutions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">
Institutions
</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Hospitals and
<br/>
medical clinics
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Mainland China
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Central_Hospital_of_Wuhan" title="Central Hospital of Wuhan">
Central Hospital of Wuhan
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Dabie_Mountain_Regional_Medical_Centre" title="Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre">
Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Fangcang_hospital" title="Fangcang hospital">
Fangcang hospitals
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Huoshenshan_Hospital" title="Huoshenshan Hospital">
Huoshenshan Hospital
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Leishenshan_Hospital" title="Leishenshan Hospital">
Leishenshan Hospital
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_Xinjia_Express_Hotel" title="Collapse of Xinjia Express Hotel">
Xinjia Express Hotel
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Jinyintan_Hospital" title="Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital">
Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Others
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic">
Hospital ships
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Canberra_Coronavirus_Field_Hospital" title="Canberra Coronavirus Field Hospital">
Canberra Coronavirus Field Hospital
</a>
(Australia)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Hospital_El_Salvador" title="Hospital El Salvador">
Hospital El Salvador
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SevenHills_Hospital#COVID-19_hospital" title="SevenHills Hospital">
SevenHills Hospital
</a>
(India)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Kemayoran_Athletes_Village" title="Kemayoran Athletes Village">
Kemayoran Athletes Village
</a>
(Indonesia)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Pyongyang_General_Hospital" title="Pyongyang General Hospital">
Pyongyang General Hospital
</a>
(North Korea)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Agro_Exposition_Park_Serdang" title="Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang">
Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang
</a>
(Malaysia)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Mega_Ligtas_COVID_Centers" title="Mega Ligtas COVID Centers">
Mega Ligtas COVID Centers
</a>
(Philippines)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Kandakadu_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Centre" title="Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre">
Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre
</a>
(Sri Lanka)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Sancaktepe_Prof._Dr._Feriha_%C3%96z_Emergency_Hospital" title="Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital">
Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital
</a>
(Turkey)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y_Prof._Dr._Murat_Dilmener_Emergency_Hospital" title="Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital">
Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital
</a>
(Turkey)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">
COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_Heart_Hospital" title="Dragon's Heart Hospital">
Dragon's Heart Hospital
</a>
(Wales)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/NHS_Louisa_Jordan" title="NHS Louisa Jordan">
NHS Louisa Jordan
</a>
(Scotland)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom#NHS_England" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">
NHS Nightingale Hospitals
</a>
(England)
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Birmingham" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham">
Birmingham
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital London">
London
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_East" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital North East">
North East
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_West" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital North West">
North West
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital Yorkshire and the Humber">
Yorkshire and the Humber
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Organizations
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Global
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Epidemic_Preparedness_Innovations" title="Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations">
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Tech_Handbook" title="Coronavirus Tech Handbook">
Coronavirus Tech Handbook
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Solidarity_Response_Fund" title="COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund">
COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Covid_Watch" title="Covid Watch">
Covid Watch
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/EcoHealth_Alliance" title="EcoHealth Alliance">
EcoHealth Alliance
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Joint_Committee_on_Vaccination_and_Immunisation" title="Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation">
Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/MusiCares_COVID-19_Relief_Fund" title="MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund">
MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Pasteur_Institute" title="Pasteur Institute">
Pasteur Institute
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Institut_Pasteur_du_Cambodge" title="Institut Pasteur du Cambodge">
in Cambodia
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/UN_COVID-19_Supply_Chain_Task_Force" title="UN COVID-19 Supply Chain Task Force">
UN COVID-19 Supply Chain Task Force
</a>
(WHO)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic">
United Nations
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_in_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of United Nations resolutions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic">
resolutions
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic">
World Health Organization
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
By location
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
</a>
(African Union)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/National_Cabinet_(Australia)" title="National Cabinet (Australia)">
National Cabinet (Australia)
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/National_COVID-19_Commission_Advisory_Board" title="National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board">
National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board
</a>
(Australia)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Immunity_Task_Force" title="COVID-19 Immunity Task Force">
COVID-19 Immunity Task Force
</a>
(Canada)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Supply_Council" title="COVID-19 Supply Council">
COVID-19 Supply Council
</a>
(Canada)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ScienceUpFirst" title="ScienceUpFirst">
ScienceUpFirst
</a>
(Canada)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Institute_of_Virology" title="Wuhan Institute of Virology">
Wuhan Institute of Virology
</a>
(China)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/PREPARE" title="PREPARE">
PREPARE
</a>
(European Union)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Ghana_Infectious_Disease_Centre" title="Ghana Infectious Disease Centre">
Ghana Infectious Disease Centre
</a>
(Ghana)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Hong_Kong)" title="Department of Health (Hong Kong)">
Department of Health (Hong Kong)
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/National_Expert_Group_on_Vaccine_Administration_for_COVID-19" title="National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19">
National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19
</a>
(India)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund" title="PM CARES Fund">
PM CARES Fund
</a>
(India)
</li>
<li>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/SAARC_COVID-19_Emergency_Fund" title="SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund">
SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund
</a>
(India)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Response_Acceleration_Task_Force" title="COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force">
COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force
</a>
(Indonesia)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/National_Public_Health_Emergency_Team_(2020)" title="National Public Health Emergency Team (2020)">
National Public Health Emergency Team
</a>
(Ireland)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Novel_Coronavirus_Expert_Meeting" title="Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting">
Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting
</a>
(Japan)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Korea_Disease_Control_and_Prevention_Agency" title="Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency">
Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
</a>
(South Korea)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Crisis_Preparedness_and_Response_Centre" title="Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre">
Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre
</a>
(Malaysia)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Outbreak_Management_Team" title="Outbreak Management Team">
Outbreak Management Team
</a>
(Netherlands)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Defeat_COVID-19_Ad_Hoc_Committee" title="Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee">
Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee
</a>
(Philippines)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Inter-Agency_Task_Force_for_the_Management_of_Emerging_Infectious_Diseases" title="Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases">
Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases
</a>
(Philippines)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Communicable_Diseases" title="National Institute for Communicable Diseases">
National Institute for Communicable Diseases
</a>
(South Africa)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Central_Epidemic_Command_Center" title="Central Epidemic Command Center">
Central Epidemic Command Center
</a>
(Taiwan)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Centers_for_Disease_Control" title="Taiwan Centers for Disease Control">
Taiwan Centers for Disease Control
</a>
(Taiwan)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Scientific_Advisory_Board" title="Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board">
Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board
</a>
(Turkey)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Genomics_UK_Consortium" title="COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium">
COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium
</a>
(United Kingdom)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team">
Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
</a>
(United Kingdom)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Independent_SAGE" title="Independent SAGE">
Independent SAGE
</a>
(United Kingdom)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Joint_Biosecurity_Centre" title="Joint Biosecurity Centre">
Joint Biosecurity Centre
</a>
(United Kingdom)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Vaccine_Taskforce" title="Vaccine Taskforce">
Vaccine Taskforce
</a>
(United Kingdom)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Artist_Relief" title="Artist Relief">
Artist Relief
</a>
(United States)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board" title="COVID-19 Advisory Board">
COVID-19 Advisory Board
</a>
(United States)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups" title="Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups">
Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups
</a>
(United States)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force" title="White House Coronavirus Task Force">
White House Coronavirus Task Force
</a>
(United States)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="White House COVID-19 Response Team">
White House COVID-19 Response Team
</a>
(United States)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/GACH" title="GACH">
GACH
</a>
(Uruguay)
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col">
<div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">
People
</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Medical
<br/>
professionals
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Ai_Fen" title="Ai Fen">
Ai Fen
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Corona_Rintawan" title="Corona Rintawan">
Corona Rintawan
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Li_Wenliang" title="Li Wenliang">
Li Wenliang
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Liu_Wen_(doctor)" title="Liu Wen (doctor)">
Liu Wen
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Xie_Linka" title="Xie Linka">
Xie Linka
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Zhang_Wenhong" title="Zhang Wenhong">
Zhang Wenhong
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
<a href="/wiki/Category:Coronavirus_researchers" title="Category:Coronavirus researchers">
Researchers
</a>
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Awang_Bulgiba_Awang_Mahmud" title="Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud">
Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Roberto_Burioni" title="Roberto Burioni">
Roberto Burioni
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Chen_Wei_(medical_scientist)" title="Chen Wei (medical scientist)">
Chen Wei
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Kizzmekia_Corbett" title="Kizzmekia Corbett">
Kizzmekia Corbett
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Andrea_Crisanti_(scientist)" title="Andrea Crisanti (scientist)">
Andrea Crisanti
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Peter_Daszak" title="Peter Daszak">
Peter Daszak
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Christian_Drosten" title="Christian Drosten">
Christian Drosten
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Neil_Ferguson_(epidemiologist)" title="Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)">
Neil Ferguson
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Dale_Fisher" title="Dale Fisher">
Dale Fisher
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/George_F._Gao" title="George F. Gao">
George F. Gao
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Azra_Ghani" title="Azra Ghani">
Azra Ghani
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Sarah_Gilbert" title="Sarah Gilbert">
Sarah Gilbert
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Guan_Yi" title="Guan Yi">
Guan Yi
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Kentaro_Iwata" title="Kentaro Iwata">
Kentaro Iwata
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">
Katalin Karikó
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Matt_Keeling" title="Matt Keeling">
Matt Keeling
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Trudie_Lang" title="Trudie Lang">
Trudie Lang
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Li_Lanjuan" title="Li Lanjuan">
Li Lanjuan
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/W._Ian_Lipkin" title="W. Ian Lipkin">
W. Ian Lipkin
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Ma_Xiaowei" title="Ma Xiaowei">
Ma Xiaowei
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Shabir_Madhi" title="Shabir Madhi">
Shabir Madhi
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Allison_McGeer" title="Allison McGeer">
Allison McGeer
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Camilla_Rothe" title="Camilla Rothe">
Camilla Rothe
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Shi_Zhengli" title="Shi Zhengli">
Shi Zhengli
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Moncef_Slaoui" title="Moncef Slaoui">
Moncef Slaoui
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Mike_Tildesley" title="Mike Tildesley">
Mike Tildesley
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/John_Todd_(British_biologist)" title="John Todd (British biologist)">
John Todd
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Wang_Chen_(physician)" title="Wang Chen (physician)">
Wang Chen
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Wang_Guangfa" title="Wang Guangfa">
Wang Guangfa
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">
Drew Weissman
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Yuen_Kwok-yung" title="Yuen Kwok-yung">
Yuen Kwok-yung
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Zeng_Guang" title="Zeng Guang">
Zeng Guang
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jixian" title="Zhang Jixian">
Zhang Jixian
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yongzhen" title="Zhang Yongzhen">
Zhang Yongzhen
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Zhong_Nanshan" title="Zhong Nanshan">
Zhong Nanshan
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Officials
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
WHO
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom" title="Tedros Adhanom">
Tedros Adhanom
</a>
(Director-General of the WHO)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Bruce_Aylward" title="Bruce Aylward">
Bruce Aylward
</a>
(Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Maria_Van_Kerkhove" title="Maria Van Kerkhove">
Maria Van Kerkhove
</a>
(Technical Lead for COVID-19 response)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Ryan_(doctor)" title="Michael J. Ryan (doctor)">
Michael J. Ryan
</a>
(Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme)
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
By location
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Frank_Atherton" title="Frank Atherton">
Frank Atherton
</a>
(Wales)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Ashley_Bloomfield" title="Ashley Bloomfield">
Ashley Bloomfield
</a>
(New Zealand)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Catherine_Calderwood" title="Catherine Calderwood">
Catherine Calderwood
</a>
(Scotland)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Chang_Shan-chwen" title="Chang Shan-chwen">
Chang Shan-chwen
</a>
(Taiwan)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Chen_Shih-chung" title="Chen Shih-chung">
Chen Shih-chung
</a>
(Taiwan)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Chuang_Yin-ching" title="Chuang Yin-ching">
Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching
</a>
(Taiwan)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Victor_Costache" title="Victor Costache">
Victor Costache
</a>
(Romania)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Curcio" title="Fabrizio Curcio">
Fabrizio Curcio
</a>
(Italy)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Carmen_Deseda" title="Carmen Deseda">
Carmen Deseda
</a>
(Puerto Rico)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Jaap_van_Dissel" title="Jaap van Dissel">
Jaap van Dissel
</a>
(the Netherlands)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Christian_Drosten" title="Christian Drosten">
Christian Drosten
</a>
(Germany)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Francisco_Duque_III" title="Francisco Duque III">
Francisco Duque III
</a>
(Philippines)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">
Anthony Fauci
</a>
(United States)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Francesco_Paolo_Figliuolo" title="Francesco Paolo Figliuolo">
Francesco Paolo Figliuolo
</a>
(Italy)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Freitas" title="Graça Freitas">
Graça Freitas
</a>
(Portugal)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Henrique_Gouveia_e_Melo" title="Henrique Gouveia e Melo">
Henrique Gouveia e Melo
</a>
(Portugal)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Matt_Hancock" title="Matt Hancock">
Matt Hancock
</a>
(United Kingdom)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Hamad_Hasan" title="Hamad Hasan">
Hamad Hasan
</a>
(Lebanon)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Greg_Hunt" title="Greg Hunt">
Greg Hunt
</a>
(Australia)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Tony_Holohan" title="Tony Holohan">
Tony Holohan
</a>
(Ireland)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Jeong_Eun-kyeong" title="Jeong Eun-kyeong">
Jeong Eun-kyeong
</a>
(South Korea)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Fahrettin_Koca" title="Fahrettin Koca">
Fahrettin Koca
</a>
(Turkey)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">
Li Keqiang
</a>
(China)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Michael_McBride_(doctor)" title="Michael McBride (doctor)">
Michael McBride
</a>
(Northern Ireland)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Oriol_Mitj%C3%A0" title="Oriol Mitjà">
Oriol Mitjà
</a>
(Andorra)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Zweli_Mkhize" title="Zweli Mkhize">
Zweli Mkhize
</a>
(South Africa)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Doni_Monardo" title="Doni Monardo">
Doni Monardo
</a>
(Indonesia)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Alma_M%C3%B6ller" title="Alma Möller">
Alma Möller
</a>
(Iceland)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Saeed_Namaki" title="Saeed Namaki">
Saeed Namaki
</a>
(Iran)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Ala_Nemerenco" title="Ala Nemerenco">
Ala Nemerenco
</a>
(Moldova)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Thanh_Long" title="Nguyễn Thanh Long">
Nguyễn Thanh Long
</a>
(Vietnam)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Noor_Hisham_Abdullah" title="Noor Hisham Abdullah">
Noor Hisham Abdullah
</a>
(Malaysia)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Ali_Pilli" title="Ali Pilli">
Ali Pilli
</a>
(Northern Cyprus)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Daniel_Salinas" title="Daniel Salinas">
Daniel Salinas
</a>
(Uruguay)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Salomon" title="Jérôme Salomon">
Jérôme Salomon
</a>
(France)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sim%C3%B3n" title="Fernando Simón">
Fernando Simón
</a>
(Spain)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Gregor_Smith" title="Gregor Smith">
Gregor Smith
</a>
(Scotland)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Su_Ih-jen" title="Su Ih-jen">
Su Ih-jen
</a>
(Taiwan)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/%C5%81ukasz_Szumowski" title="Łukasz Szumowski">
Łukasz Szumowski
</a>
(Poland)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Theresa_Tam" title="Theresa Tam">
Theresa Tam
</a>
(Canada)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Anders_Tegnell" title="Anders Tegnell">
Anders Tegnell
</a>
(Sweden)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B3lfur_Gu%C3%B0nason" title="Þórólfur Guðnason">
Þórólfur Guðnason
</a>
(Iceland)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Sotiris_Tsiodras" title="Sotiris Tsiodras">
Sotiris Tsiodras
</a>
(Greece)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Harsh_Vardhan_(Delhi_politician)" title="Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)">
Harsh Vardhan
</a>
(India)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0ir_Reynisson" title="Víðir Reynisson">
Víðir Reynisson
</a>
(Iceland)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Carla_Vizzotti" title="Carla Vizzotti">
Carla Vizzotti
</a>
(Argentina)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Vlad_Voiculescu" title="Vlad Voiculescu">
Vlad Voiculescu
</a>
(Romania)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Chris_Whitty" title="Chris Whitty">
Chris Whitty
</a>
(United Kingdom)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">
Lawrence Wong
</a>
(Singapore)
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Zients" title="Jeffrey Zients">
Jeffrey Zients
</a>
(United States)
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Others
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Chen_Qiushi" title="Chen Qiushi">
Chen Qiushi
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Brett_Crozier" title="Brett Crozier">
Brett Crozier
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Fang_Bin" title="Fang Bin">
Fang Bin
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Fang_Fang" title="Fang Fang">
Fang Fang
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ashitey_Hammond" title="Joseph Ashitey Hammond">
Joseph Ashitey Hammond
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Li_Zehua" title="Li Zehua">
Li Zehua
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Captain_Tom_Moore" title="Captain Tom Moore">
Captain Tom Moore
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Qiu_Menghuang" title="Qiu Menghuang">
Qiu Menghuang
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Ren_Zhiqiang" title="Ren Zhiqiang">
Ren Zhiqiang
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
Deaths
</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">
List
</a>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col">
<div id="Data_(templates)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">
Data (templates)
</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
</div>
<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory#Statistics" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">
Cases, deaths, recoveries by country
</a>
</li>
<li>
WHO situation reports
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">
cases
</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_January_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in January 2020">
January 2020
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_February_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in February 2020">
February 2020
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_March_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in March 2020">
March 2020
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_April_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in April 2020">
April 2020
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_May_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in May 2020">
May 2020
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_June_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in June 2020">
June 2020
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_July_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in July 2020">
July 2020
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_August_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in August 2020">
August 2020
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_September_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in September 2020">
September 2020
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_October_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in October 2020">
October 2020
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_November_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in November 2020">
November 2020
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_December_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in December 2020">
December 2020
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_January_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in January 2021">
January 2021
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_February_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in February 2021">
February 2021
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_March_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in March 2021">
March 2021
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_April_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in April 2021">
April 2021
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_May_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in May 2021">
May 2021
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_June_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in June 2021">
June 2021
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_July_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in July 2021">
July 2021
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">
deaths
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="mw-selflink selflink">
World map by countries: confirmed per capita
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_hospital_beds#Numbers" title="List of countries by hospital beds">
Hospital beds by country
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns#Table_of_pandemic_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">
Lockdowns
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2">
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<b>
<a class="image" href="/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_(Wikimedia_colors).svg">
<img alt="SARS-CoV-2 (Wikimedia colors).svg" class="noviewer" data-file-height="666" data-file-width="666" decoding="async" height="16" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/16px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/24px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/32px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 2x" width="16"/>
</a>
<a href="/wiki/Portal:COVID-19" title="Portal:COVID-19">
COVID-19 portal
</a>
</b>
</li>
<li>
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</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%27%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80" hreflang="as" lang="as" title="ক'ভিড-১৯ বৈশ্বিক মহামাৰী – Assamese">
<span>
অসমীয়া
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="ast" lang="ast" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Asturian">
<span>
Asturianu
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" hreflang="awa" lang="awa" title="२०१९-२० कोरोना भाइरस महामारी – Awadhi">
<span>
अवधी
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%C3%B1emosarambi_guasu" hreflang="gn" lang="gn" title="COVID-19 ñemosarambi guasu – Guarani">
<span>
Avañe'ẽ
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_koronavirus_pandemiyas%C4%B1" hreflang="az" lang="az" title="COVID-19 koronavirus pandemiyası – Azerbaijani">
<span>
Azərbaycanca
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DB%B1%DB%B9_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" hreflang="azb" lang="azb" title="کووید-۱۹ پاندامی – South Azerbaijani">
<span>
تۆرکجه
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_koronavirus_2019-2020" hreflang="ban" lang="ban" title="Pandemi koronavirus 2019-2020 – Balinese">
<span>
Basa Bali
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80" hreflang="bn" lang="bn" title="কোভিড-১৯ এর বৈশ্বিক মহামারী – Bangla">
<span>
বাংলা
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_COVID-19" hreflang="bjn" lang="bjn" title="Pandemi COVID-19 – Banjar">
<span>
Banjar
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_t%C5%8Da-li%C3%BB-h%C3%AAng" hreflang="nan" lang="nan" title="COVID-19 tōa-liû-hêng – Chinese (Min Nan)">
<span>
Bân-lâm-gú
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_COVID-19" hreflang="be" lang="be" title="Пандэмія COVID-19 – Belarusian">
<span>
Беларуская
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96_(2019)" hreflang="be-tarask" lang="be-tarask" title="Пандэмія каранавіруснай інфэкцыі (2019) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)">
<span>
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1-19_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" hreflang="bh" lang="bh" title="कोविड-19 महामारी – Bhojpuri">
<span>
भोजपुरी
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus-_Pagbungkaras_2019-20" hreflang="bcl" lang="bcl" title="Coronavirus- Pagbungkaras 2019-20 – Central Bikol">
<span>
Bikol Central
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" hreflang="bg" lang="bg" title="Коронавирусна пандемия – Bulgarian">
<span>
Български
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" hreflang="bo" lang="bo" title="ཏོག་དབྱིབས་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་རིམས་ནད། – Tibetan">
<span>
བོད་ཡིག
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_COVID-a_19" hreflang="bs" lang="bs" title="Pandemija COVID-a 19 – Bosnian">
<span>
Bosanski
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedreuziad_COVID-19" hreflang="br" lang="br" title="Bedreuziad COVID-19 – Breton">
<span>
Brezhoneg
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB" hreflang="bxr" lang="bxr" title="Коронавирус тахал – Russia Buriat">
<span>
Буряад
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A8mia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="ca" lang="ca" title="Pandèmia de COVID-19 – Catalan">
<span>
Català
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" hreflang="cv" lang="cv" title="COVID-19 пандеми – Chuvash">
<span>
Чӑвашла
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_pandemya" hreflang="ceb" lang="ceb" title="Coronavirus pandemya – Cebuano">
<span>
Cebuano
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemie_covidu-19" hreflang="cs" lang="cs" title="Pandemie covidu-19 – Czech">
<span>
Čeština
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mliri_wa_kachilombo_ka_corona_2019-20" hreflang="ny" lang="ny" title="Mliri wa kachilombo ka corona 2019-20 – Nyanja">
<span>
Chi-Chewa
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemig_COVID-19" hreflang="cy" lang="cy" title="Pandemig COVID-19 – Welsh">
<span>
Cymraeg
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronaviruspandemien" hreflang="da" lang="da" title="Coronaviruspandemien – Danish">
<span>
Dansk
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19-Pandemie" hreflang="de" lang="de" title="COVID-19-Pandemie – German">
<span>
Deutsch
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" hreflang="dty" lang="dty" title="२०१९-२० कोरोनाभाइरस महामारी – Doteli">
<span>
डोटेली
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koroonapandeemia" hreflang="et" lang="et" title="Koroonapandeemia – Estonian">
<span>
Eesti
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1_COVID-19" hreflang="el" lang="el" title="Πανδημία COVID-19 – Greek">
<span>
Ελληνικά
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="es" lang="es" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Spanish">
<span>
Español
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronvirusa_pandemio_de_2019-2021" hreflang="eo" lang="eo" title="Kronvirusa pandemio de 2019-2021 – Esperanto">
<span>
Esperanto
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemia" hreflang="eu" lang="eu" title="COVID-19 pandemia – Basque">
<span>
Euskara
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DB%B1%DB%B9" hreflang="fa" lang="fa" title="دنیاگیری کووید-۱۹ – Persian">
<span>
فارسی
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A9mie_de_Covid-19" hreflang="fr" lang="fr" title="Pandémie de Covid-19 – French">
<span>
Français
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paind%C3%A9im_COVID-19" hreflang="ga" lang="ga" title="Paindéim COVID-19 – Irish">
<span>
Gaeilge
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="gl" lang="gl" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Galician">
<span>
Galego
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85" hreflang="gan" lang="gan" title="2019冠状病毒病疫情 – Gan Chinese">
<span>
贛語
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_thai-li%C3%B9-h%C3%A0ng" hreflang="hak" lang="hak" title="COVID-19 thai-liù-hàng – Hakka Chinese">
<span>
客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%82%9819_%EB%B2%94%EC%9C%A0%ED%96%89" hreflang="ko" lang="ko" title="코로나19 범유행 – Korean">
<span>
한국어
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%CA%BBi_laul%C4%81_kolona" hreflang="haw" lang="haw" title="Maʻi laulā kolona – Hawaiian">
<span>
Hawaiʻi
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF" hreflang="hy" lang="hy" title="COVID-19 համավարակ – Armenian">
<span>
Հայերեն
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" hreflang="hi" lang="hi" title="2019–20 कोरोनावायरस महामारी – Hindi">
<span>
हिन्दी
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_COVID-19" hreflang="hr" lang="hr" title="Pandemija COVID-19 – Croatian">
<span>
Hrvatski
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_Covid-19" hreflang="id" lang="id" title="Pandemi Covid-19 – Indonesian">
<span>
Bahasa Indonesia
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_Covid-19" hreflang="ia" lang="ia" title="Pandemia de Covid-19 – Interlingua">
<span>
Interlingua
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%84%E1%95%99%E1%92%A1%E1%94%AA%E1%90%8A%E1%95%90%E1%93%87%E1%96%85-19_%E1%96%83%E1%93%84%E1%90%83%E1%93%90%E1%93%82%E1%90%85%E1%94%AA%E1%93%84%E1%91%A6" hreflang="iu" lang="iu" title="ᓄᕙᒡᔪᐊᕐᓇᖅ-19 ᖃᓄᐃᓐᓂᐅᔪᓄᑦ – Inuktitut">
<span>
ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ/inuktitut
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isifo_se-Coronavirus_2019" hreflang="xh" lang="xh" title="Isifo se-Coronavirus 2019 – Xhosa">
<span>
IsiXhosa
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isifo_seCoronavirus_2019" hreflang="zu" lang="zu" title="Isifo seCoronavirus 2019 – Zulu">
<span>
IsiZulu
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3r%C3%B3naveirufaraldurinn_2019%E2%80%932021" hreflang="is" lang="is" title="Kórónaveirufaraldurinn 2019–2021 – Icelandic">
<span>
Íslenska
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_di_COVID-19" hreflang="it" lang="it" title="Pandemia di COVID-19 – Italian">
<span>
Italiano
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" hreflang="he" lang="he" title="מגפת הקורונה – Hebrew">
<span>
עברית
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pageblug_koronavirus_2019%E2%80%932020" hreflang="jv" lang="jv" title="Pageblug koronavirus 2019–2020 – Javanese">
<span>
Jawa
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_2019-2020" hreflang="ka" lang="ka" title="კორონავირუსის პანდემია 2019-2020 – Georgian">
<span>
ქართული
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" hreflang="kk" lang="kk" title="COVID-19 пандемиясы – Kazakh">
<span>
Қазақша
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlipuko_wa_virusi_vya_corona_2019-20" hreflang="sw" lang="sw" title="Mlipuko wa virusi vya corona 2019-20 – Swahili">
<span>
Kiswahili
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_Covid-19" hreflang="ht" lang="ht" title="Pandemi Covid-19 – Haitian Creole">
<span>
Kreyòl ayisyen
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belavb%C3%BBna_v%C3%AErusa_Koronay%C3%AA_2019-20" hreflang="ku" lang="ku" title="Belavbûna vîrusa Koronayê 2019-20 – Kurdish">
<span>
Kurdî
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" hreflang="ky" lang="ky" title="COVID-19 пандемиясы – Kyrgyz">
<span>
Кыргызча
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%84%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%AA_2019-2020" hreflang="lo" lang="lo" title="ການລະບາດທົ່ວຂອງໂຄໂຣນາໄວຣັສ 2019-2020 – Lao">
<span>
ລາວ
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pand%C4%93mija" hreflang="lv" lang="lv" title="COVID-19 pandēmija – Latvian">
<span>
Latviešu
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19-Pandemie" hreflang="lb" lang="lb" title="COVID-19-Pandemie – Luxembourgish">
<span>
Lëtzebuergesch
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemija" hreflang="lt" lang="lt" title="COVID-19 pandemija – Lithuanian">
<span>
Lietuvių
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandem%C3%AEa_de_COVID-19_do_2019-2020" hreflang="lij" lang="lij" title="Pandemîa de COVID-19 do 2019-2020 – Ligurian">
<span>
Ligure
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemica_de_coronavirus_de_2019-2020" hreflang="lfn" lang="lfn" title="Pandemica de coronavirus de 2019-2020 – Lingua Franca Nova">
<span>
Lingua Franca Nova
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="lmo" lang="lmo" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Lombard">
<span>
Lombard
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covid19-pand%C3%A9mia" hreflang="hu" lang="hu" title="Covid19-pandémia – Hungarian">
<span>
Magyar
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%98%D0%94-19" hreflang="mk" lang="mk" title="Пандемија на КОВИД-19 – Macedonian">
<span>
Македонски
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D-19_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" hreflang="ml" lang="ml" title="കോവിഡ്-19 ആഗോള മഹാമാരി – Malayalam">
<span>
മലയാളം
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_tal-COVID-19" hreflang="mt" lang="mt" title="Pandemija tal-COVID-19 – Maltese">
<span>
Malti
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95" hreflang="mr" lang="mr" title="२०१९-२०२० वुहान कोरोना व्हायरसचा उद्रेक – Marathi">
<span>
मराठी
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%83%D9%88%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%AF-19" hreflang="arz" lang="arz" title="وباء كوڤيد-19 – Egyptian Arabic">
<span>
مصرى
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemik_COVID-19" hreflang="ms" lang="ms" title="Pandemik COVID-19 – Malay">
<span>
Bahasa Melayu
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5_%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%81_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5_%EA%AF%B2%EA%AF%B0%EA%AF%B1%EA%AF%B9_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A0" hreflang="mni" lang="mni" title="ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯏꯔꯁ ꯂꯩꯅꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯹ ꯂꯥꯏꯆꯠ – Manipuri">
<span>
ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_koronavirus_2019%E2%80%932020" hreflang="min" lang="min" title="Pandemi koronavirus 2019–2020 – Minangkabau">
<span>
Minangkabau
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%C4%ADk-c%C3%ACng" hreflang="cdo" lang="cdo" title="COVID-19 ĭk-cìng – Min Dong Chinese">
<span>
Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemie_de_coronab%C3%ADrus" hreflang="mwl" lang="mwl" title="Pandemie de coronabírus – Mirandese">
<span>
Mirandés
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%82%E1%81%80%E1%81%81%E1%81%89-%E1%81%82%E1%81%80_%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%97%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF" hreflang="my" lang="my" title="၂၀၁၉-၂၀ ကိုရိုနာဗိုင်းရပ်စ် ဖြစ်ပွားမှု – Burmese">
<span>
မြန်မာဘာသာ
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronapandemie" hreflang="nl" lang="nl" title="Coronapandemie – Dutch">
<span>
Nederlands
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" hreflang="ne" lang="ne" title="२०१९-२० कोरोना भाइरस प्रकोप – Nepali">
<span>
नेपाली
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E7%97%87%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C_(2019%E5%B9%B4-)" hreflang="ja" lang="ja" title="新型コロナウイルス感染症の世界的流行 (2019年-) – Japanese">
<span>
日本語
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" hreflang="ce" lang="ce" title="COVID-19 уьнан пандеми – Chechen">
<span>
Нохчийн
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronaviruspandemien" hreflang="nb" lang="nb" title="Koronaviruspandemien – Norwegian Bokmål">
<span>
Norsk bokmål
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronapandemien" hreflang="nn" lang="nn" title="Koronapandemien – Norwegian Nynorsk">
<span>
Norsk nynorsk
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemiyasi" hreflang="uz" lang="uz" title="COVID-19 pandemiyasi – Uzbek">
<span>
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" hreflang="pa" lang="pa" title="2019–20 ਕੋਰੋਨਾਵਾਇਰਸ ਮਹਾਮਾਰੀ – Punjabi">
<span>
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%8C_2019%D8%A1_-_2020%D8%A1" hreflang="pnb" lang="pnb" title="کورونا وائرس دی عالمی وبا، 2019ء - 2020ء – Western Punjabi">
<span>
پنجابی
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_coronavirus_2019-2020" hreflang="pap" lang="pap" title="Pandemia coronavirus 2019-2020 – Papiamento">
<span>
Papiamentu
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%A1%E1%9F%A9" hreflang="km" lang="km" title="ជម្ងឺរាតត្បាតកូវីដ១៩ – Khmer">
<span>
ភាសាខ្មែរ
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" hreflang="tpi" lang="tpi" title="COVID-19 pandemic – Tok Pisin">
<span>
Tok Pisin
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_COVID-19" hreflang="pl" lang="pl" title="Pandemia COVID-19 – Polish">
<span>
Polski
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="pt" lang="pt" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Portuguese">
<span>
Português
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="ro" lang="ro" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Romanian">
<span>
Română
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurunawirus_lliw_unqurichiq" hreflang="qu" lang="qu" title="Kurunawirus lliw unqurichiq – Quechua">
<span>
Runa Simi
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0_COVID-19" hreflang="rue" lang="rue" title="Пандемія коронавіруса COVID-19 – Rusyn">
<span>
Русиньскый
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_COVID-19" hreflang="ru" lang="ru" title="Пандемия COVID-19 – Russian">
<span>
Русский
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" hreflang="sah" lang="sah" title="COVID-19 пандемията – Sakha">
<span>
Саха тыла
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%92%E1%B1%90%E1%B1%91%E1%B1%99-%E1%B1%92%E1%B1%90_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C_%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AB_%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AD" hreflang="sat" lang="sat" title="᱒᱐᱑᱙-᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱳᱹᱨᱞᱚᱭ – Santali">
<span>
ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A8mia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="sc" lang="sc" title="Pandèmia de COVID-19 – Sardinian">
<span>
Sardu
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" hreflang="sco" lang="sco" title="COVID-19 pandemic – Scots">
<span>
Scots
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefu_la_Coronavirus" hreflang="st" lang="st" title="Lefu la Coronavirus – Southern Sotho">
<span>
Sesotho
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolwetse_jwa_Mogare_wa_Khorona_2019" hreflang="tn" lang="tn" title="Bolwetse jwa Mogare wa Khorona 2019 – Tswana">
<span>
Setswana
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_e_COVID-19" hreflang="sq" lang="sq" title="Pandemia e COVID-19 – Albanian">
<span>
Shqip
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A-19_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" hreflang="si" lang="si" title="කොවිඩ්-19 ව්යාප්ත වසංගතය – Sinhala">
<span>
සිංහල
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" hreflang="en-simple" lang="en-simple" title="COVID-19 pandemic – Simple English">
<span>
Simple English
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_%DA%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" hreflang="sd" lang="sd" title="2019–20 ڪوروناوائرس مها وبا – Sindhi">
<span>
سنڌي
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A9mia_ochorenia_COVID-19" hreflang="sk" lang="sk" title="Pandémia ochorenia COVID-19 – Slovak">
<span>
Slovenčina
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_koronavirusne_bolezni_2019" hreflang="sl" lang="sl" title="Pandemija koronavirusne bolezni 2019 – Slovenian">
<span>
Slovenščina
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandymijo_COVID-19" hreflang="szl" lang="szl" title="Pandymijo COVID-19 – Silesian">
<span>
Ślůnski
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayraska_faafa_ee_Korona_2019%E2%80%9320" hreflang="so" lang="so" title="Fayraska faafa ee Korona 2019–20 – Somali">
<span>
Soomaaliga
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%A2%D9%A0%D9%A1%D9%A9%E2%80%93%D9%A2%D9%A0" hreflang="ckb" lang="ckb" title="گشتگیربوونی ڤایرۆسی کۆرۆنای ٢٠١٩–٢٠ – Central Kurdish">
<span>
کوردی
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0_19" hreflang="sr" lang="sr" title="Пандемија ковида 19 – Serbian">
<span>
Српски / srpski
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_COVID-19" hreflang="sh" lang="sh" title="Pandemija COVID-19 – Serbo-Croatian">
<span>
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronaviruspandemia_2019%E2%80%93" hreflang="fi" lang="fi" title="Koronaviruspandemia 2019– – Finnish">
<span>
Suomi
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronaviruspandemin_2019%E2%80%932021" hreflang="sv" lang="sv" title="Coronaviruspandemin 2019–2021 – Swedish">
<span>
Svenska
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemya_ng_COVID-19" hreflang="tl" lang="tl" title="Pandemya ng COVID-19 – Tagalog">
<span>
Tagalog
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D-19_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" hreflang="ta" lang="ta" title="கோவிட்-19 பெருந்தொற்று – Tamil">
<span>
தமிழ்
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADan_n_kurunafirus_2019" hreflang="shi" lang="shi" title="Aṭṭan n kurunafirus 2019 – Tachelhit">
<span>
Taclḥit
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arwas_n_wa%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADan_n_Ku%E1%B9%9Bunavirus_2019-20" hreflang="kab" lang="kab" title="Arwas n waṭṭan n Kuṛunavirus 2019-20 – Kabyle">
<span>
Taqbaylit
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%95%E1%80%B5%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B5%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9D%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%82%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%81%B6%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%87_2019-20" hreflang="shn" lang="shn" title="လွင်ႈပဵၼ်တၢင်းပဵၼ် ဝၢႆးရႅတ်ႉၶူဝ်ႇရူဝ်ႇၼႃႇ 2019-20 – Shan">
<span>
ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9321_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF" hreflang="te" lang="te" title="2019–21 కరోనావైరస్ మహమ్మారి – Telugu">
<span>
తెలుగు
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94-19" hreflang="th" lang="th" title="การระบาดทั่วของโควิด-19 – Thai">
<span>
ไทย
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%88%E1%89%A0%E1%8B%B3_%E1%8A%AE%E1%89%AA%E1%8B%B5-19" hreflang="ti" lang="ti" title="ለበዳ ኮቪድ-19 – Tigrinya">
<span>
ትግርኛ
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_COVID-19" hreflang="tg" lang="tg" title="Дунёгирии COVID-19 – Tajik">
<span>
Тоҷикӣ
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vhulwadze_Ha_Coronavirus_2019" hreflang="ve" lang="ve" title="Vhulwadze Ha Coronavirus 2019 – Venda">
<span>
Tshivenda
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemisi" hreflang="tr" lang="tr" title="COVID-19 pandemisi – Turkish">
<span>
Türkçe
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korona_wirusy_(2019-2020)" hreflang="tk" lang="tk" title="Korona wirusy (2019-2020) – Turkmen">
<span>
Türkmençe
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yare%C9%9B_a_y%C9%9B_fr%C9%9B_no_Coronavirus" hreflang="tw" lang="tw" title="Yareɛ a yɛ frɛ no Coronavirus – Twi">
<span>
Twi
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%8C%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%93%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%89-19_%E1%A8%84%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%89%E1%A8%99%E1%A8%86%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%80" hreflang="bug" lang="bug" title="ᨌᨚᨓᨗᨉ-19 ᨄᨕᨊᨉᨙᨆᨗᨀ – Buginese">
<span>
ᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_2019" hreflang="uk" lang="uk" title="Пандемія коронавірусної хвороби 2019 – Ukrainian">
<span>
Українська
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%B3_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" hreflang="ur" lang="ur" title="کورونا وائرس کی عالمی وبا – Urdu">
<span>
اردو
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-2020_%DB%8B%DB%87%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8B%D9%89%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%89%DA%AD_%D8%B4%D9%89%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B4%D9%89_%DB%8B%DB%95%D9%82%DB%95%D8%B3%D9%89" hreflang="ug" lang="ug" title="2019-2020 ۋۇخەن تاجىسىمان ۋىرۇسنىڭ شىددەتلىك تارقىلىشى ۋەقەسى – Uyghur">
<span>
ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="vec" lang="vec" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Venetian">
<span>
Vèneto
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_d%E1%BB%8Bch_COVID-19" hreflang="vi" lang="vi" title="Đại dịch COVID-19 – Vietnamese">
<span>
Tiếng Việt
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B1%E4%BA%A5%E8%8D%8A%E6%A5%9A%E5%A4%A7%E7%96%AB" hreflang="lzh" lang="lzh" title="己亥荊楚大疫 – Classical Chinese">
<span>
文言
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemya_nga_COVID-19" hreflang="war" lang="war" title="Pandemya nga COVID-19 – Waray">
<span>
Winaray
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A0ngoro_Koronaawiris_2019" hreflang="wo" lang="wo" title="Jàngoro Koronaawiris 2019 – Wolof">
<span>
Wolof
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8B%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E%E4%BA%8B%E4%BD%93" hreflang="wuu" lang="wuu" title="2019新型冠状病毒肺炎事体 – Wu Chinese">
<span>
吴语
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntungu_wa_Khorona_ya_2019" hreflang="ts" lang="ts" title="Ntungu wa Khorona ya 2019 – Tsonga">
<span>
Xitsonga
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93-19_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7" hreflang="yi" lang="yi" title="קאוויד-19 פאנדעמיק – Yiddish">
<span>
ייִדיש
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80j%C3%A0k%C3%A1y%C3%A9-%C3%A0r%C3%B9n_%C3%A8r%C3%A0nk%C3%B2r%C3%B3n%C3%A0_%E1%BB%8Dd%C3%BAn_2019-2020" hreflang="yo" lang="yo" title="Àjàkáyé-àrùn èrànkòrónà ọdún 2019-2020 – Yoruba">
<span>
Yorùbá
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item">
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<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading">COVID-19 pandemic</h1>
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<div class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" id="mw-content-text" lang="en"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048617464">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th class="infobox-above" colspan="2" style="background:#FFCCCB">COVID-19 pandemic</th></tr><tr><td class="infobox-image" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Nurse.jpg"><img alt="COVID-19 Nurse.jpg" data-file-height="1080" data-file-width="1920" decoding="async" height="169" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/COVID-19_Nurse.jpg/300px-COVID-19_Nurse.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/COVID-19_Nurse.jpg/450px-COVID-19_Nurse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/COVID-19_Nurse.jpg/600px-COVID-19_Nurse.jpg 2x" width="300"/></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">A nurse treats a COVID-19 patient in an <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">intensive care unit</a> aboard a US <a href="/wiki/Hospital_ship" title="Hospital ship">hospital ship</a> in April 2020 </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-image" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg"><img alt="COVID-19 Outbreak World Map Total Deaths per Capita.svg" data-file-height="1398" data-file-width="2754" decoding="async" height="168" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg/330px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg/495px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg/660px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg.png 2x" width="330"/></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Confirmed deaths per 100,000 population<br/>as of 18 October 2021</div>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%;">
<tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em;"><div style="margin:0 3.5em"><span class="nowrap">Cases per capita</span></div></th>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2">
<div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-image" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg"><img alt="COVID-19 Outbreak World Map per Capita.svg" data-file-height="1500" data-file-width="2921" decoding="async" height="164" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg/320px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg/480px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg/640px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg.png 2x" width="320"/></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Cumulative percentage of population infected<br/>as of 3 October 2021</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r998391716">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col plainlist" style="column-width: 8em;column-gap: 0;">
<ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#290000; color:white;"> </span> >10%</span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#510000; color:white;"> </span> 3–10%</span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#900000; color:white;"> </span> 1–3%</span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#c80200; color:white;"> </span> 0.3–1%</span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ee7070; color:black;"> </span> 0.1–0.3%</span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffc0c0; color:black;"> </span> 0.03–0.1%</span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffdfe0; color:black;"> </span> 0–0.03%</span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#e0e0e0; color:black;"> </span> None or no data</span></li></ul>
</div>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">Disease</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">Coronavirus disease 2019</a> (COVID-19)</td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">Virus strain</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">Severe acute respiratory syndrome<br/>coronavirus 2</a> (SARS‑CoV‑2)</td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">Source</th><td class="infobox-data">Bats,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> likely indirectly<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-who-origins-20210330_2-0"><a href="#cite_note-who-origins-20210330-2">[2]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Worldwide</a></td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Index_case" title="Index case">Index case</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, Hubei, China<br/><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r994658806">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=COVID-19_pandemic&params=30_37_11_N_114_15_28_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-42"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°37′11″N</span> <span class="longitude">114°15′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.61972°N 114.25778°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.61972; 114.25778</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">17 November 2019<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2019-11-17</span>)</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> – present<br/>(1 year, 11 months and 1 week)</td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">Confirmed cases</th><td class="infobox-data">243,226,997<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-0"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Deaths</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,941,660<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-1"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup> (reported) <br/> 9.5–18.6 million (estimated total)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:7_5-0"><a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_Projections_6-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_Projections-6">[6]</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1045330069">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:COVID-19_pandemic" title="Category:COVID-19 pandemic">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">COVID-19 pandemic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png" title='Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom.'><img alt='Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom.' data-file-height="2048" data-file-width="2048" decoding="async" height="110" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/110px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/165px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/220px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png 2x" width="110"/></a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> (disease)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">SARS-CoV-2</a> (virus)</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">Cases</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">2019</a></b><br/>
<p><b>2020</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">January</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">February</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">March</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">April</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">May</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">June</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">July</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">August</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">September</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">October</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">November</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">December</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<p><b>2021</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">January</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">February</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">March</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">April</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">May</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">June</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">July</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">August</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">September</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">October</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Locations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">By country and territory</a></b>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">Asia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">North America</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">Oceania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South America</a></li></ul>
<p><b>By conveyance</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships">Cruise ships</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships">Naval ships</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;">International response</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Evacuations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">Face masks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">International aid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">Investigations into origin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">Lockdowns</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">Misinformation</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments" title="COVID-19 misinformation by governments">By governments</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China" title="COVID-19 misinformation by China">China</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 misinformation by the United States">US</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">Fake treatments</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_anti-lockdown_protests_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 anti-lockdown protests in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation" title="Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">Software</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Travel restrictions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic">United Nations</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic">World Health Organization</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Waiver_from_certain_provisions_of_the_TRIPS_Agreement_for_the_Prevention,_Containment_and_Treatment_of_COVID-19" title="Waiver from certain provisions of the TRIPS Agreement for the Prevention, Containment and Treatment of COVID-19">WTO IP waiver</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country" title="Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country">Undercounting of deaths</a></li></ul>
<p><b><a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">National responses</a></b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Ghana</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">European Union</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Germany</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">India</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">New Zealand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Nigeria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Philippines</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Russia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Sweden</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">UK</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">US</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">federal government</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Vietnam</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;">Medical response</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">Disease testing</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer" title="Coronavirus breathalyzer">Breathalyzer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_COVID-19_tests" title="Development of COVID-19 tests">Development</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">Drug development</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research" title="COVID-19 drug repurposing research">Drug repurposing</a></li></ul>
<p><b><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">Vaccines</a></b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development" title="History of COVID-19 vaccine development">History</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research" title="COVID-19 vaccine clinical research">Research</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination" title="Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination">VITT</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations" title="List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations">Authorizations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">Operation Warp Speed</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy">Misinformation and hesitancy</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card" title="COVID-19 vaccine card">Vaccine card</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">Vaccine passports</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Covaxin" title="Covaxin">Bharat Biotech</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Convidecia" title="Convidecia">CanSino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Janssen COVID-19 vaccine">Janssen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">Oxford–AstraZeneca</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer–BioNTech</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">Sinovac</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">Sputnik V</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ZyCoV-D" title="ZyCoV-D">Zydus Cadila</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant">Alpha</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant">Beta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant">Gamma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant">Epsilon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant">Zeta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant">Eta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant">Theta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant">Iota</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant">Kappa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant">Lambda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant">Mu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Cluster 5</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617" title="SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617">Lineage B.1.617</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Variant_of_concern" title="Variant of concern">Variant of concern</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic impact</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">recession</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage">Arts and culture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation">Aviation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry">Cannabis</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema">Cinema</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">films</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_events_affected_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic">Events</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry">Fashion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Financial markets</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry">Food industry</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada">Canadian meat</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States">US meat</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">Food security</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">Journalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry">Music</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts">Performing arts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail">Retail</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_shipping" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on shipping">Shipping</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports">Sports</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Philippine_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Philippine sports">Philippines</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television">Television</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States">US</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">programs</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">Tourism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry">Video games</a></li></ul>
<p><b>By country</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">US</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Impacts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_animals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on animals">Animals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_black_people" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on black people">Black people</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime">Crime</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">Death rates by country</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities">Disability</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence">Domestic violence</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_evacuation_procedures_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Emergency evacuation procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic">Emergency evacuations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">Education</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana">Ghana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">Environment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">Hospitals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic">Language</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community">LGBT community</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities">Long-term care</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">Mental health</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_COVID-19_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes" title="Impact of COVID-19 on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes">Symptoms</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_migration" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migration">Migration</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military">Military</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">Notable deaths</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_deaths_in_South_Africa" title="List of COVID-19 deaths in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">Other health issues</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Politics</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia">Russia</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy" title="COVID-19 in pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons">Prisons</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion">Religion</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj">Hajj</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Science and technology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Society</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic">Strikes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Xenophobia and racism</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below">
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<p>The <b>COVID-19 pandemic</b>, also known as the <b>coronavirus pandemic</b>, is an ongoing global <a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">pandemic</a> of <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">coronavirus disease 2019</a> (COVID-19) caused by <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</a> (SARS-CoV-2). The <a href="/wiki/Novel_virus" title="Novel virus">novel virus</a> was first identified in the Chinese city of <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a> in December 2019; a <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_China" title="COVID-19 lockdown in China">lockdown in Wuhan</a> and other cities in surrounding <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a> failed to contain the outbreak, and it quickly spread to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">other parts of mainland China</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">around the world</a>. The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) declared a <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Emergency_of_International_Concern" title="Public Health Emergency of International Concern">Public Health Emergency of International Concern</a> on 30 January 2020, and a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Multiple <a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">variants of the virus</a> have emerged and become dominant in many countries since 2021, with the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant">Alpha</a>, <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant">Beta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a> variants being the most <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Virulent" title="Virulent">virulent</a>. As of 23 October 2021, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">more than 243<span class="nowrap"> </span>million cases</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">4.94<span class="nowrap"> </span>million deaths</a> have been confirmed, making it one of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Deadliest_pandemics_in_history" title="Deadliest pandemics in history">deadliest pandemics in history</a>.
</p><p><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/COVID-19_symptoms" title="COVID-19 symptoms">COVID-19 symptoms</a> range from <a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic" title="Asymptomatic">none</a> to life-threatening. Severe illness is more likely in elderly patients and those with certain underlying medical conditions. <a href="/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19" title="Transmission of COVID-19">Transmission of COVID-19</a> occurs when people breathe in air contaminated by droplets and small <a href="/wiki/Airborne_transmission" title="Airborne transmission">airborne</a> particles. The risk of breathing these in is highest when people are in close proximity, but the virus can transmit over longer distances, particularly indoors and in poorly ventilated areas. Transmission can also occur, rarely, via contaminated surfaces or fluids. People remain contagious for up to 20 days, and can spread the virus even if they do not develop symptoms.
</p><p>Several vaccines have been <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">approved and distributed</a> in various countries, which have initiated <a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">mass vaccination campaigns</a> since December 2020. Other recommended <a href="/wiki/Preventive_healthcare" title="Preventive healthcare">preventive measures</a> include <a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">social distancing</a>, wearing <a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">face masks</a> in public, ventilation and air-filtering, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Respiratory_etiquette" title="Respiratory etiquette">covering one's mouth when sneezing or coughing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hand_washing" title="Hand washing">hand washing</a>, disinfecting surfaces, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Self-isolation" title="Self-isolation">quarantining</a> people who have been exposed or are symptomatic. <a href="/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19" title="Treatment and management of COVID-19">Treatments</a> focus on addressing symptoms, but work is underway to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">develop medications</a> that inhibit the virus. Authorities worldwide <a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">have responded</a> by implementing <a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">travel restrictions</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">lockdowns</a>, business closures, <a href="/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19" title="Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19">workplace hazard controls</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">testing</a> protocols, and systems for <a href="/wiki/Contact_tracing" title="Contact tracing">tracing contacts</a> of the infected.
</p><p>The pandemic has resulted in severe <a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">economic disruption</a> around the world, including <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">the largest global recession</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> in the 1930s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RFXoH_7-0"><a href="#cite_note-RFXoH-7">[7]</a></sup> It has led to <a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">widespread supply shortages</a> exacerbated by <a href="/wiki/Panic_buying" title="Panic buying">panic buying</a>, agricultural disruption, and <a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">food shortages</a>. The resultant near-global sustained quarantine saw an <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">unprecedented decrease in the emission of pollutants</a>. Numerous <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">educational institutions</a> and public areas have been partially or fully closed, and many <a href="/wiki/List_of_events_affected_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic">events have been cancelled or postponed</a>. <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">Misinformation has circulated</a> through <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">social media</a> and <a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">mass media</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">political tensions have been exacerbated</a>. The pandemic has raised issues of <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">racial and geographic discrimination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Health_equity" title="Health equity">health equity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Individual_and_group_rights" title="Individual and group rights">the balance</a> between public health imperatives and individual rights.
</p>
<div aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading" class="toc" id="toc" role="navigation"><input class="toctogglecheckbox" id="toctogglecheckbox" role="button" style="display:none" type="checkbox"/><div class="toctitle" dir="ltr" lang="en"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Naming"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Naming</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Epidemiology"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Epidemiology</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Cases"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Cases</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Deaths"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Deaths</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Reporting"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Reporting</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Infection_fatality_ratio_(IFR)"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Infection fatality ratio (IFR)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Case_fatality_ratio_(CFR)"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Case fatality ratio (CFR)</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Disease"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Disease</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Signs_and_symptoms"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Signs and symptoms</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Transmission"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Transmission</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Cause"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Cause</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Diagnosis"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Diagnosis</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Prevention"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Prevention</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Vaccines"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Vaccines</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Treatment"><span class="tocnumber">3.7</span> <span class="toctext">Treatment</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Variants"><span class="tocnumber">3.8</span> <span class="toctext">Variants</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Prognosis"><span class="tocnumber">3.9</span> <span class="toctext">Prognosis</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Mitigation"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Mitigation</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Screening,_containment_and_mitigation"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Screening, containment and mitigation</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Contact_tracing"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Contact tracing</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Health_care"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Health care</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#2019"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">2019</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#2020"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">2020</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#2021"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">2021</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#National_responses"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">National responses</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Asia"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Asia</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="#China"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">China</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="#India"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">India</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="#Iran"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Iran</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><a href="#South_Korea"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">South Korea</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Europe"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Europe</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34"><a href="#France"><span class="tocnumber">6.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">France</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><a href="#Italy"><span class="tocnumber">6.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Italy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="#Spain"><span class="tocnumber">6.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Spain</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-37"><a href="#Sweden"><span class="tocnumber">6.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Sweden</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-38"><a href="#United_Kingdom"><span class="tocnumber">6.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">United Kingdom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#North_America"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">North America</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-40"><a href="#United_States"><span class="tocnumber">6.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">United States</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="#South_America"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">South America</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-42"><a href="#Brazil"><span class="tocnumber">6.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Brazil</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="#Africa"><span class="tocnumber">6.5</span> <span class="toctext">Africa</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="#Oceania"><span class="tocnumber">6.6</span> <span class="toctext">Oceania</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="#Antarctica"><span class="tocnumber">6.7</span> <span class="toctext">Antarctica</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="#International_responses"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">International responses</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47"><a href="#Travel_restrictions"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Travel restrictions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48"><a href="#Evacuation_of_foreign_citizens"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Evacuation of foreign citizens</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49"><a href="#United_Nations_response_measures"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">United Nations response measures</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-50"><a href="#WHO_response_measures"><span class="tocnumber">7.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">WHO response measures</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-51"><a href="#Protests_against_governmental_measures"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Protests against governmental measures</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-52"><a href="#Impact"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Impact</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53"><a href="#Economics"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Economics</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-54"><a href="#Supply_shortages"><span class="tocnumber">8.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Supply shortages</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-55"><a href="#Oil_and_other_energy_markets"><span class="tocnumber">8.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Oil and other energy markets</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-56"><a href="#Culture"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Culture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-57"><a href="#Politics"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Politics</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-58"><a href="#China_2"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">China</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-59"><a href="#Italy_2"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Italy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-60"><a href="#United_States_2"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">United States</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-61"><a href="#Other_countries"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Other countries</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-62"><a href="#Agriculture_and_food_systems"><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span> <span class="toctext">Agriculture and food systems</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-63"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">8.5</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-64"><a href="#Other_health_issues"><span class="tocnumber">8.6</span> <span class="toctext">Other health issues</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-65"><a href="#Environment_and_climate"><span class="tocnumber">8.7</span> <span class="toctext">Environment and climate</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-66"><a href="#Discrimination_and_prejudice"><span class="tocnumber">8.8</span> <span class="toctext">Discrimination and prejudice</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-67"><a href="#Lifestyle_changes"><span class="tocnumber">8.9</span> <span class="toctext">Lifestyle changes</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-68"><a href="#Information_dissemination"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Information dissemination</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-69"><a href="#Misinformation"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Misinformation</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-70"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-71"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-72"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-73"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-74"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-75"><a href="#Health_agencies"><span class="tocnumber">14.1</span> <span class="toctext">Health agencies</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-76"><a href="#Directories"><span class="tocnumber">14.2</span> <span class="toctext">Directories</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-77"><a href="#Data_and_graphs"><span class="tocnumber">14.3</span> <span class="toctext">Data and graphs</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-78"><a href="#Medical_journals"><span class="tocnumber">14.4</span> <span class="toctext">Medical journals</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Naming">Naming</span></h2>
<p>The pandemic is known by several names. It is often referred to as its colloquial name, "the coronavirus pandemic",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> despite the existence of other <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Human_coronaviruses" title="Human coronaviruses">human coronaviruses</a> that have caused epidemics and outbreaks (e.g. <a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002–2004 SARS outbreak">SARS</a>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> Before it was declared a pandemic, it was known as "the coronavirus outbreak" and "Wuhan coronavirus outbreak".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>During <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei">the initial outbreak</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, the virus and disease were commonly referred to as "coronavirus" and "Wuhan coronavirus",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> with the disease sometimes called "Wuhan pneumonia".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> In January 2020, the WHO recommended 2019-nCoV<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> and 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> as interim names for the virus and disease per 2015 guidance and international guidelines against using geographical locations (e.g. Wuhan, China), animal species, or groups of people in disease and virus names in part to prevent <a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">social stigma</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> The official names COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 were issued by the WHO on 11 February 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO-naming_17-0"><a href="#cite_note-WHO-naming-17">[17]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom" title="Tedros Adhanom">Tedros Adhanom</a> explained: CO<span class="nowrap"> </span>for <i>corona</i>, VI<span class="nowrap"> </span>for <i>virus</i>, D<span class="nowrap"> </span>for <i>disease</i> and 19 for when the outbreak was first identified (31 December 2019).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> The WHO additionally uses "the COVID-19 virus" and "the virus responsible for COVID-19" in public communications.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO-naming_17-1"><a href="#cite_note-WHO-naming-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">variants of the virus</a> are also known by several names. Before being given official names by the WHO, they were commonly named after where the variants were found (e.g. Delta variant was known as the Indian variant),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> and are also known colloquially as "variants of concern".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> At the end of May 2021, the WHO assigned labels to all the variants after introducing a new policy of using <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek letters</a> for variants of concern and variants of interest.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC.May.31.2021_22-0"><a href="#cite_note-BBC.May.31.2021-22">[22]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</span></h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1048617464" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><td class="infobox-subheader" colspan="2">For country-level <a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data">data</a>, see:</td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-subheader" colspan="2"><div style="padding:3px 0; font-size:larger;"><b><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-image" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country" title="732-bar-chart"><img alt="732-bar-chart" data-file-height="512" data-file-width="512" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/732-bar-chart.svg/80px-732-bar-chart.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/732-bar-chart.svg/120px-732-bar-chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/732-bar-chart.svg/160px-732-bar-chart.svg.png 2x" width="80"/></a></td></tr><tr style="text-align:center"><td class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2"><div style="display:inline-block;margin: 0 5px 10px"><b><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">Cases</a></b><br/><span style="font-size:1.2em;">243,226,997</span></div><div style="display:inline-block;margin: 0 5px 10px"><b><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">Deaths</a></b><br/><span style="font-size:1.2em;">4,941,660</span></div>
<div>As of 23 October 2021<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-2"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup></div>
<div class="hlist nowraplinks" style="margin:5px 10px 5px;font-weight:bold;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">Asia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">North America</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">Oceania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South America</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li></ul></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span></h3>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">Investigations into the origin of COVID-19</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei">COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei</a></div>
<p>Although the exact origin of the virus is still unknown,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> the first <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Outbreak" title="Outbreak">outbreak</a> started in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, Hubei, China, in November 2019. Many early cases of COVID-19 were linked to people who had visited the <a href="/wiki/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market" title="Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market">Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market</a> in Wuhan,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41UYw_24-0"><a href="#cite_note-41UYw-24">[24]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:5_26-0"><a href="#cite_note-:5-26">[26]</a></sup> but it is possible that human-to-human transmission was already happening before this.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hu2020natureReviews_27-0"><a href="#cite_note-Hu2020natureReviews-27">[27]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Graham2020immunity_28-0"><a href="#cite_note-Graham2020immunity-28">[28]</a></sup> On 11 February 2020, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) named the disease "<a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>", which is short for "coronavirus disease 2019".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TLY19_29-0"><a href="#cite_note-TLY19-29">[29]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cD8mY_30-0"><a href="#cite_note-cD8mY-30">[30]</a></sup> The virus that caused the outbreak is known as <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</a> (SARS-CoV-2), a newly discovered virus closely related to <a href="/wiki/Bat_virome#Coronaviruses" title="Bat virome">bat coronaviruses</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-LancetNowcasting_31-0"><a href="#cite_note-LancetNowcasting-31">[31]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pangolin" title="Pangolin">pangolin</a> coronaviruses,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ia56U_32-0"><a href="#cite_note-ia56U-32">[32]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Zhang6April2020_33-0"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang6April2020-33">[33]</a></sup> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus">SARS-CoV</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ECDC_risk_assessment_34-0"><a href="#cite_note-ECDC_risk_assessment-34">[34]</a></sup> The scientific consensus is that the virus is most likely of <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Zoonotic" title="Zoonotic">zoonotic</a> origin, from bats or another closely-related mammal.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hu2020natureReviews_27-1"><a href="#cite_note-Hu2020natureReviews-27">[27]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> Despite this, the subject has generated extensive speculation and conspiracy theories,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Graham2020immunity_28-1"><a href="#cite_note-Graham2020immunity-28">[28]</a></sup> which were amplified by rapidly growing online <a href="/wiki/Echo_chamber_(media)" title="Echo chamber (media)">echo chambers</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> Global geopolitical divisions, notably between the United States and China, have been heightened because of this issue.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup>
</p><p>The earliest known person with symptoms was later discovered to have fallen ill on 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>December 2019, and that person did not have visible connections with the later <a href="/wiki/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market#Link_to_COVID-19" title="Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market">wet market</a> cluster.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-67_39-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-67-39">[39]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wang24Jan2020_40-0"><a href="#cite_note-Wang24Jan2020-40">[40]</a></sup> However, an earlier case of infection could have occurred on 17 November.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-November_case_41-0"><a href="#cite_note-November_case-41">[41]</a></sup> Of the early cluster of cases reported that month, two-thirds were found to have a link with the market.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Huang24Jan2020_42-0"><a href="#cite_note-Huang24Jan2020-42">[42]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Joseph24Jan2020_43-0"><a href="#cite_note-Joseph24Jan2020-43">[43]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-han24Jan2020_44-0"><a href="#cite_note-han24Jan2020-44">[44]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Molecular_clock" title="Molecular clock">Molecular clock</a> analysis suggests that the <a href="/wiki/Index_case" title="Index case">index case</a> is likely to have been infected with the virus between mid-October and mid-November 2019.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Cases">Cases</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">COVID-19 pandemic cases</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1500" data-file-width="2921" decoding="async" height="180" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg/350px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg/525px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg/700px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg.png 2x" width="350"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Cumulative confirmed cases by country, as of 25 August 2021<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1022511316">.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key-wide{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key-narrow{column-count:1}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key>ol{margin-left:1.3em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key>ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="plainlist image-key"><ul><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#290000; color:white;"> </span> 10,000,000+</div></li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#510000; color:white;"> </span> 1,000,000–9,999,999</div></li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#900000; color:white;"> </span> 100,000–999,999</div></li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#c80200; color:white;"> </span> 10,000–99,999</div></li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ee7070; color:black;"> </span> 1,000–9,999</div></li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffc0c0; color:black;"> </span> 100–999</div></li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffdfe0; color:black;"> </span> 1–99</div></li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#e0e0e0; color:black;"> </span> 0</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
<p>Official case counts refer to the number of people who have been <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">tested for COVID-19</a> and whose test has been confirmed positive according to official protocols.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1ceLG_47-0"><a href="#cite_note-1ceLG-47">[47]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-J0rix_48-0"><a href="#cite_note-J0rix-48">[48]</a></sup> Many countries, early on, had official policies to not test those with only mild symptoms.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-elpais640000_49-0"><a href="#cite_note-elpais640000-49">[49]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200313reuters_50-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200313reuters-50">[50]</a></sup> An analysis of the early phase of the outbreak up to 23 January estimated 86 percent of COVID-19 infections had not been detected, and that these undocumented infections were the source for 79 percent of documented cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Li_eabb3221_51-0"><a href="#cite_note-Li_eabb3221-51">[51]</a></sup> Several other studies, using a variety of methods, have estimated that numbers of infections in many countries are likely to be considerably greater than the reported cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WqXOo_52-0"><a href="#cite_note-WqXOo-52">[52]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BtFLV_53-0"><a href="#cite_note-BtFLV-53">[53]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 9 April 2020, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Case-Cluster-Study" title="COVID-19 Case-Cluster-Study">preliminary results</a> found that 15 percent of people tested in <a href="/wiki/Gangelt" title="Gangelt">Gangelt</a>, the centre of a major infection cluster in Germany, tested positive for <a href="/wiki/Antibody" title="Antibody">antibodies</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-otW1O_54-0"><a href="#cite_note-otW1O-54">[54]</a></sup> Screening for COVID-19 in pregnant women in New York City, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Blood_donor" title="Blood donor">blood donors</a> in the Netherlands, has also found rates of positive antibody tests that may indicate more infections than reported.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rCdvL_55-0"><a href="#cite_note-rCdvL-55">[55]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200416reuters_56-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200416reuters-56">[56]</a></sup> Seroprevalence based estimates are conservative as some studies show that persons with mild symptoms do not have detectable antibodies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0LgFK_57-0"><a href="#cite_note-0LgFK-57">[57]</a></sup> Some results (such as the Gangelt study) have received substantial press coverage without first passing through peer review.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dSUxs_58-0"><a href="#cite_note-dSUxs-58">[58]</a></sup>
</p><p>An analysis in early 2020 of cases by age in China indicated that a relatively low proportion of cases occurred in individuals under 20.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-statista1095024_59-0"><a href="#cite_note-statista1095024-59">[59]</a></sup> It was not clear whether this was because young people were less likely to be infected, or less likely to develop serious symptoms and seek medical attention and be tested.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vox21190033_60-0"><a href="#cite_note-vox21190033-60">[60]</a></sup> A retrospective <a href="/wiki/Cohort_study" title="Cohort study">cohort study</a> in China found that <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children">children</a> and adults were just as likely to be infected.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-489Q3_61-0"><a href="#cite_note-489Q3-61">[61]</a></sup>
</p><p>Initial estimates of the <a href="/wiki/Basic_reproduction_number" title="Basic reproduction number">basic reproduction number</a> (R<sub>0</sub>) for COVID-19 in January were between 1.4 and 2.5,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WFNfK_62-0"><a href="#cite_note-WFNfK-62">[62]</a></sup> but a subsequent analysis concluded that it may be about 5.7 (with a 95 percent <a href="/wiki/Confidence_interval" title="Confidence interval">confidence interval</a> of 3.8 to 8.9).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mmCQc_63-0"><a href="#cite_note-mmCQc-63">[63]</a></sup> R<sub>0</sub> can vary across populations and is not to be confused with the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Effective_reproduction_number" title="Effective reproduction number">effective reproduction number</a> (commonly just called R), which takes into account effects such as social distancing and <a href="/wiki/Herd_immunity" title="Herd immunity">herd immunity</a>. By mid-May 2020, the effective R was close to or below 1.0 in many countries, meaning the spread of the disease in these areas at that time was stable or decreasing.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200508telegraph_64-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200508telegraph-64">[64]</a></sup>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 330.66666666667px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png"><img alt="" data-file-height="622" data-file-width="935" decoding="async" height="220" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/496px-Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/744px-Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png 2x" width="331"/></a></div></div>
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<p>Semi-log plot of weekly new cases of COVID-19 in the world and the current top six countries (mean with deaths)
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 308px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png"><img alt="" data-file-height="565" data-file-width="791" decoding="async" height="220" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png/462px-Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png/693px-Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png 2x" width="308"/></a></div></div>
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<p>COVID-19 total cases per 100 000 population from selected countries<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ECDC_65-0"><a href="#cite_note-ECDC-65">[65]</a></sup>
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</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310px"><div style="width: 310px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 308px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png"><img alt="" data-file-height="565" data-file-width="791" decoding="async" height="220" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png/462px-COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png/693px-COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png 2x" width="308"/></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>COVID-19 active cases per 100 000 population from selected countries<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ECDC_65-1"><a href="#cite_note-ECDC-65">[65]</a></sup>
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Deaths">Deaths</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">COVID-19 pandemic deaths</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country</a></div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">List of deaths due to COVID-19</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2250" data-file-width="3000" decoding="async" height="165" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg/220px-COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg/330px-COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg/440px-COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Deceased in a refrigerated "mobile morgue" outside a hospital in <a href="/wiki/Hackensack,_New_Jersey" title="Hackensack, New Jersey">Hackensack, New Jersey</a>, U.S.</div></div></div>
<p>Official deaths from COVID-19 generally refer to people who died after testing positive according to protocols. These counts may ignore deaths of people who die without having been tested.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200331reuters_66-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200331reuters-66">[66]</a></sup> Conversely, deaths of people who had underlying conditions may lead to over-counting.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-stuff120443722_67-0"><a href="#cite_note-stuff120443722-67">[67]</a></sup> Comparisons of statistics for deaths for all causes versus the seasonal average indicate excess mortality in many countries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wu_2020_68-0"><a href="#cite_note-Wu_2020-68">[68]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-gR8g3_69-0"><a href="#cite_note-gR8g3-69">[69]</a></sup> This may include deaths due to strained healthcare systems and bans on <a href="/wiki/Elective_surgery" title="Elective surgery">elective surgery</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200429reason_70-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200429reason-70">[70]</a></sup> The first confirmed death was in Wuhan on 9 January 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-25_71-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-25-71">[71]</a></sup> Nevertheless, the first reported death outside of China occurred on<span class="nowrap"> </span>1 February 2020 in the Philippines,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT2020PhilDeath_72-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYT2020PhilDeath-72">[72]</a></sup> and the first reported death outside Asia was in the United States on 6 February 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FpBPA_73-0"><a href="#cite_note-FpBPA-73">[73]</a></sup>
</p><p>More than 95 per cent of the people who contract COVID-19 recover. Otherwise, the time between symptoms onset and death usually ranges from<span class="nowrap"> </span>6 to 41 days, typically about 14 days.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pathogenesis_74-0"><a href="#cite_note-pathogenesis-74">[74]</a></sup> As of 23 October 2021, more than 4.94<span class="nowrap"> </span>million<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-3"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup> deaths have been attributed to COVID-19. People at the greatest risk of mortality from COVID-19 tend to be those with underlying conditions, such as those with a <a href="/wiki/Immunodeficiency" title="Immunodeficiency">weakened immune system</a>, serious heart or lung problems, severe <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a>, or the elderly (including individuals age 65 years or older).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-75"><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6XONR_76-0"><a href="#cite_note-6XONR-76">[76]</a></sup>
The strongest risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness are obesity, <a href="/wiki/Complications_of_diabetes" title="Complications of diabetes">complications of diabetes</a>, and anxiety disorders.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-77"><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup>
</p><p>Multiple measures are used to quantify mortality.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wBm2a_78-0"><a href="#cite_note-wBm2a-78">[78]</a></sup> These numbers vary by region and over time, influenced by testing volume, healthcare system quality, treatment options, government response,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-79"><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></sup> time since the initial outbreak, and population characteristics, such as age, sex, and overall health.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-worldindata_80-0"><a href="#cite_note-worldindata-80">[80]</a></sup> Countries like Belgium include deaths from suspected cases of COVID-19, regardless of whether the person was tested, resulting in higher numbers compared to countries that include only test-confirmed cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-npr841005901_81-0"><a href="#cite_note-npr841005901-81">[81]</a></sup>
</p><p>The death-to-case ratio reflects the number of deaths attributed to COVID-19 divided by the number of diagnosed cases within a given time interval. Based on Johns Hopkins University statistics, the global death-to-case ratio is <span data-sort-value="7000203170703127169♠" style="display:none"></span>2.03 percent (4,941,660 deaths for 243,226,997 cases) as of 23 October 2021.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-4"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup> The number varies by region.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-b0L7I_82-0"><a href="#cite_note-b0L7I-82">[82]</a></sup>
</p>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 354px"><div style="width: 354px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 352px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png"><img alt="" data-file-height="590" data-file-width="944" decoding="async" height="220" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/528px-Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/792px-Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png 2x" width="352"/></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Semi-log plot of weekly deaths due to COVID-19 in the world and top six current countries (mean with cases)
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310px"><div style="width: 310px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 308px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_deaths_per_100,000_population.png"><img alt="" data-file-height="565" data-file-width="791" decoding="async" height="220" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png/462px-COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png/693px-COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png 2x" width="308"/></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>COVID-19 deaths per 100 000 population from selected countries<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ECDC_65-2"><a href="#cite_note-ECDC-65">[65]</a></sup>
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
</ul><p>The official death counts have been criticised for underreporting the actual death toll, because comparisons of death rates before and during the pandemic show an increase in deaths that is not explained by COVID-19 deaths alone.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:7_5-1"><a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a></sup> Using such data, estimates of the true number of deaths from COVID-19 worldwide have included a range from 9.5 to 18.6 million by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>, as well as over 10.3 million by the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Health_Metrics_and_Evaluation" title="Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:7_5-2"><a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_Projections_6-1"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_Projections-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Reporting">Reporting</span></h4>
<p>On 24 March 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC) of the United States, indicated the WHO had provided two codes for COVID-19: U07.1 when confirmed by laboratory testing and U07.2 for clinically or epidemiological diagnosis where laboratory confirmation is inconclusive or not available.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MsVEW_83-0"><a href="#cite_note-MsVEW-83">[83]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-84"><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></sup> The CDC noted that "Because laboratory test results are not typically reported on death certificates in the US, [the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Health_Statistics" title="National Center for Health Statistics">National Center for Health Statistics</a> (NCHS)] is not planning to implement U07.2 for mortality statistics" and that U07.1 would be used "If the death certificate reports terms such as 'probable COVID-19' or 'likely COVID-19'." The CDC also noted "It Is not likely that NCHS will follow up on these cases" and while the "underlying cause depends upon what and where conditions are reported on the death certificate, ... the rules for coding and selection of the ... cause of death are expected to result in COVID–19 being the underlying cause more often than not."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MsVEW_83-1"><a href="#cite_note-MsVEW-83">[83]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 16 April 2020, the WHO, in its formal publication of the two codes, U07.1 and U07.2, "recognized that in many countries detail as to the laboratory confirmation ... will not be reported [and] recommended, for mortality purposes only, to code COVID-19 provisionally to code U07.1 unless it is stated as 'probable' or 'suspected'."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-d3wei_85-0"><a href="#cite_note-d3wei-85">[85]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5aSHW_86-0"><a href="#cite_note-5aSHW-86">[86]</a></sup> It was also noted that the WHO "does not distinguish" between infection by SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hauser_2020_87-0"><a href="#cite_note-Hauser_2020-87">[87]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span id="Infection_fatality_ratio_.28IFR.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Infection_fatality_ratio_(IFR)">Infection fatality ratio (IFR)</span></h4>
<table class="wikitable floatright">
<caption><span class="nowrap">IFR estimate per age group</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EJE_levinetal_88-0"><a href="#cite_note-EJE_levinetal-88">[88]</a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Age group</th>
<th>IFR
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>0–34</td>
<td>0.004%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>35–44</td>
<td>0.068%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>45–54</td>
<td>0.23%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>55–64</td>
<td>0.75%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>65–74</td>
<td>2.5%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>75–84</td>
<td>8.5%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>85 +</td>
<td>28.3%
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>A crucial metric in assessing the severity of a disease is the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Infection_fatality_rate" title="Infection fatality rate">infection fatality ratio</a> (IFR), which is the cumulative number of deaths attributed to the disease divided by the cumulative number of infected individuals (including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections) as measured or estimated as of a specific date.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-fjMw6_89-0"><a href="#cite_note-fjMw6-89">[89]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHOest_90-0"><a href="#cite_note-WHOest-90">[90]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ovoEx_91-0"><a href="#cite_note-ovoEx-91">[91]</a></sup> Epidemiologists frequently refer to this metric as the 'infection fatality rate' to clarify that it is expressed in percentage points (not as a decimal).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-92"><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></sup> Other published studies refer to this metric as the 'infection fatality risk'.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-93"><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-94"><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></sup>
</p><p>In November 2020, a review article in <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)"><i>Nature</i></a> reported estimates of population-weighted IFRs for a number of countries, excluding deaths in elderly care facilities, and found a median range of 0.24% to 1.49%.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-95"><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></sup>
</p><p>In December 2020, a systematic review and meta-analysis published in the <i><a href="/wiki/European_Journal_of_Epidemiology" title="European Journal of Epidemiology">European Journal of Epidemiology</a></i> estimated that population-weighted IFR was 0.5% to 1% in some countries (France, Netherlands, New Zealand, and Portugal), 1% to 2% in several other countries (Australia, England, Lithuania, and Spain), and about 2.5% in Italy; these estimates included fatalities in elderly care facilities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EJE_levinetal_88-1"><a href="#cite_note-EJE_levinetal-88">[88]</a></sup> This study also found that most of the differences in IFR across locations reflected corresponding differences in the age composition of the population and the age-specific pattern of infection rates, due to very low IFRs for children and younger adults (e.g., 0.002% at age 10 and 0.01% at age 25) and progressively higher IFRs for older adults (0.4% at age 55, 1.4% at age 65, 4.6% at age 75, and 15% at age 85).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EJE_levinetal_88-2"><a href="#cite_note-EJE_levinetal-88">[88]</a></sup> These results were also highlighted in a December 2020 report issued by the World Health Organization.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-96"><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></sup>
</p><p>An analysis of those IFR rates indicates that COVID-19 is hazardous not only for the elderly but also for middle-aged adults, for whom a fatal COVID-19 infection is two orders of magnitude more likely than the annualised risk of a fatal automobile accident and far more dangerous than seasonal influenza.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EJE_levinetal_88-3"><a href="#cite_note-EJE_levinetal-88">[88]</a></sup>
</p>
<div style="clear:left;"></div>
<h4><span id="Case_fatality_ratio_.28CFR.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Case_fatality_ratio_(CFR)">Case fatality ratio (CFR)</span></h4>
<p>Another metric in assessing death rate is the <a href="/wiki/Case_fatality_rate" title="Case fatality rate">case fatality ratio</a> (CFR),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-97"><a href="#cite_note-97">[a]</a></sup> which is deaths attributed to disease divided by individuals diagnosed to-date. This metric can be misleading because of the delay between symptom onset and death and because testing focuses on individuals with symptoms (and particularly on those manifesting more severe symptoms).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hauser_2020_87-1"><a href="#cite_note-Hauser_2020-87">[87]</a></sup> On 4 August 2020, WHO indicated "at this early stage of the pandemic, most estimates of fatality ratios have been based on cases detected through surveillance and calculated using crude methods, giving rise to widely variable estimates of CFR by country – from less than 0.1% to over 25%."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHOest_90-2"><a href="#cite_note-WHOest-90">[90]</a></sup>
</p>
<div style="clear:right;"></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Disease">Disease</span></h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Signs_and_symptoms">Signs and symptoms</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19" title="Symptoms of COVID-19">Symptoms of COVID-19</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r952607947">.mw-parser-output .excerpt .selflink{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .excerpt-indicator{border-left:3px solid #c8ccd1;margin:1em 0;padding-left:1em}</style><div class="excerpt">
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:262px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1001" data-file-width="1972" decoding="async" height="132" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg/260px-Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg/390px-Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg/520px-Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg.png 2x" width="260"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms" title="Signs and symptoms">Symptoms</a> of COVID-19</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19" title="Symptoms of COVID-19">Symptoms of COVID-19</a> are variable, ranging from mild symptoms to severe illness.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_CDC2020Sym_98-0"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_CDC2020Sym-98">[97]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Grant_et_al_2020_99-0"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Grant_et_al_2020-99">[98]</a></sup> Common symptoms include <a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">headache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anosmia" title="Anosmia">loss of smell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ageusia" title="Ageusia">taste</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Nasal_Obstruction" title="Nasal Obstruction">nasal congestion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhinorrhea" title="Rhinorrhea">runny nose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cough" title="Cough">cough</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Muscle_pain" title="Muscle pain">muscle pain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sore_throat" title="Sore throat">sore throat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">fever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Breathing_difficulties" title="Breathing difficulties">breathing difficulties</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_ECDC_100-0"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_ECDC-100">[99]</a></sup> People with the same infection may have different symptoms, and their symptoms may change over time. Three common clusters of symptoms have been identified: one respiratory symptom cluster with cough, <a href="/wiki/Sputum" title="Sputum">sputum</a>, shortness of breath, and fever; a musculoskeletal symptom cluster with muscle and joint pain, headache, and fatigue; a cluster of digestive symptoms with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_ECDC_100-1"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_ECDC-100">[99]</a></sup> In people without prior ear, nose, and throat disorders, <a href="/wiki/Hypogeusia" title="Hypogeusia">loss of taste</a> combined with <a href="/wiki/Hyposmia" title="Hyposmia">loss of smell</a> is associated with <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> and is reported in as many as 88% of cases<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-101"><a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-102"><a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32483687_103-0"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32483687-103">[102]</a></sup>
</p><p>Of people who show symptoms, 81% develop only mild to moderate symptoms (up to mild <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>), while 14% develop severe symptoms (<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Dyspnea" title="Dyspnea">dyspnea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hypoxia_(medical)" title="Hypoxia (medical)">hypoxia</a>, or more than 50% lung involvement on imaging) and 5% of patients suffer critical symptoms (<a href="/wiki/Respiratory_failure" title="Respiratory failure">respiratory failure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)" title="Shock (circulatory)">shock</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Organ_dysfunction" title="Organ dysfunction">multiorgan dysfunction</a>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_CDC_Interim_Guidance_104-0"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_CDC_Interim_Guidance-104">[103]</a></sup> At least a third of the people who are infected with the virus do not develop noticeable symptoms at any point in time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-105"><a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Asymptomatic_106-0"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Asymptomatic-106">[105]</a></sup> These <a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic" title="Asymptomatic">asymptomatic</a> carriers tend not to get tested and can spread the disease.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Asymptomatic_106-1"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_Asymptomatic-106">[105]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-107"><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-108"><a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_:2_109-0"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_:2-109">[108]</a></sup> Other infected people will develop symptoms later, called "pre-symptomatic", or have very mild symptoms and can also spread the virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_:2_109-1"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_:2-109">[108]</a></sup>
</p><p>As is common with infections, there is <a href="/wiki/Incubation_period" title="Incubation period">a delay</a> between the moment a person first becomes infected and the appearance of the first symptoms. The <a href="/wiki/Median" title="Median">median</a> delay for COVID-19 is four to five days.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32329974_110-0"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32329974-110">[109]</a></sup> Most symptomatic people experience symptoms within two to seven days after exposure, and almost all will experience at least one symptom within 12 days.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32329974_110-1"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms_of_COVID-19_pmid32329974-110">[109]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-111"><a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a></sup>
</p>
Most people recover from the acute phase of the disease. However, some people – over half of a <a href="/wiki/Cohort_study" title="Cohort study">cohort</a> of home-isolated young patients<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-112"><a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-113"><a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a></sup> – continue to experience a range of effects, such as <a href="/wiki/Fatigue" title="Fatigue">fatigue</a>, for months after recovery, a condition called <a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">long COVID</a>; long-term damage to organs has been observed. Multi-year studies are underway to further investigate the long-term effects of the disease.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-114"><a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a></sup></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Transmission">Transmission</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19" title="Transmission of COVID-19">Transmission of COVID-19</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt"><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="886" data-file-width="1379" decoding="async" height="141" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg/220px-Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg/330px-Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg/440px-Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_Aerosol.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">The respiratory route of spread of COVID-19, encompassing larger droplets and aerosols.</div></div></div></div>
<p>The disease is mainly transmitted via the respiratory route when people inhale droplets and small airborne particles (that form an <a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">aerosol</a>) that infected people breath out as they breathe, talk, cough, sneeze, or sing.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Wang_2021_115-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Wang_2021-115">[114]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-116"><a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AR2021_117-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AR2021-117">[116]</a></sup> Infected people are more likely to transmit COVID-19 when they are physically close. However, infection can occur over longer distances, particularly indoors.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Wang_2021_115-1"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Wang_2021-115">[114]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Miller_2021_118-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Miller_2021-118">[117]</a></sup>
2).
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Infectivity" title="Infectivity">Infectivity</a> can occur 1-3 days before the onset of symptoms.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG_119-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG-119">[118]</a></sup> Infected persons can spread the disease even if they are pre-symptomatic or <a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic" title="Asymptomatic">asymptomatic</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG_119-1"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG-119">[118]</a></sup> Most commonly, the peak viral load in <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Upper_respiratory_tract" title="Upper respiratory tract">upper respiratory tract</a> samples occurs close to the time of symptom onset and declines after the first week after symptoms begin.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG_119-2"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG-119">[118]</a></sup> Current evidence suggests a duration of viral shedding and the period of infectiousness of up to 10 days following symptom onset for persons with mild to moderate COVID-19, and a up to 20 days for persons with severe COVID-19, including immunocompromised persons.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDCClinicalQuestions_120-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDCClinicalQuestions-120">[119]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG_119-3"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDNASoNG-119">[118]</a></sup>
</p><p>Infectious particles range in size from <a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">aerosols</a> that remain suspended in the air for long periods of time to larger <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_droplet" title="Respiratory droplet">droplets</a> that remain airborne or fall to the ground.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDCScientificBriefTransmission_121-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_CDCScientificBriefTransmission-121">[120]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_who_transmitted_122-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_who_transmitted-122">[121]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals_123-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals-123">[122]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021_124-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021-124">[123]</a></sup> Additionally, COVID-19 research has redefined the traditional understanding of how respiratory viruses are transmitted.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021_124-1"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021-124">[123]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Morawska_2021_125-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Morawska_2021-125">[124]</a></sup> The largest droplets of respiratory fluid do not travel far, and can be inhaled or land on mucous membranes on the eyes, nose, or mouth to infect.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals_123-1"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals-123">[122]</a></sup> Aerosols are highest in concentration when people are in close proximity, which leads to easier viral transmission when people are physically close,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals_123-2"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals-123">[122]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021_124-2"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Tang_2021-124">[123]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Morawska_2021_125-1"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Morawska_2021-125">[124]</a></sup> but <a href="/wiki/Airborne_transmission" title="Airborne transmission">airborne transmission</a> can occur at longer distances, mainly in locations that are poorly ventilated;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals_123-3"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals-123">[122]</a></sup> in those conditions small particles can remain suspended in the air for minutes to hours.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals_123-4"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_WHO-ECDC-CDC-UK-Ca-Aus-Annals-123">[122]</a></sup>
</p>
The number of people generally infected by one infected person varies;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AnnalsTransmit2_126-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AnnalsTransmit2-126">[125]</a></sup> as only 10 to 20% of people are responsible for the disease's spread.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Lessler_2021_127-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Lessler_2021-127">[126]</a></sup> It often spreads in <a href="/wiki/Disease_cluster" title="Disease cluster">clusters</a>, where infections can be traced back to an index case or geographical location.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Lui_2020_128-0"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_Lui_2020-128">[127]</a></sup> Often in these instances, <a href="/wiki/Superspreading_event" title="Superspreading event">superspreading events</a> occur, where many people are infected by one person.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AnnalsTransmit2_126-1"><a href="#cite_note-Transmission_of_COVID-19_AnnalsTransmit2-126">[125]</a></sup></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Cause">Cause</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045330069" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">Coronaviruses</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg" title="HCoV-229E virus"><img alt="HCoV-229E virus" data-file-height="1368" data-file-width="1920" decoding="async" height="114" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg/160px-Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg/240px-Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg/320px-Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg 2x" width="160"/></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus#Classification" title="Coronavirus">Types</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphacoronavirus" title="Alphacoronavirus">Alphacoronavirus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Betacoronavirus" title="Betacoronavirus">Betacoronavirus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gammacoronavirus" title="Gammacoronavirus">Gammacoronavirus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Deltacoronavirus_(genus)" title="Deltacoronavirus (genus)">Deltacoronavirus</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_diseases" title="Coronavirus diseases">Diseases</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">Common cold</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">SARS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome">MERS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Vaccines</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Epidemics and pandemics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002–2004 SARS outbreak">SARS</a> <small>(2002–2004)</small></li>
<li>MERS
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome_outbreak" title="2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak">2012</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2015_Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome_outbreak_in_South_Korea" title="2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak in South Korea">2015</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2018_Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome_outbreak" title="2018 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak">2018</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">COVID-19</a> <small>(2019–2021)</small></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronaviridae" title="Coronaviridae">Coronaviridae</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Novel_coronavirus" title="Novel coronavirus">Novel coronavirus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coronavirus" title="History of coronavirus">History of coronavirus</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coronavirus" title="Template:Coronavirus"><abbr style=";text-decoration:inherit;" title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coronavirus" title="Template talk:Coronavirus"><abbr style=";text-decoration:inherit;" title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Coronavirus&action=edit"><abbr style=";text-decoration:inherit;" title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
SARS‑CoV‑2 belongs to the broad family of viruses known as <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">coronaviruses</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_Fox2020_129-0"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_Fox2020-129">[128]</a></sup> It is a <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Positive-sense_single-stranded_RNA_virus" title="Positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus">positive-sense single-stranded RNA</a> (+ssRNA) virus, with a single linear RNA segment. Coronaviruses infect humans, other mammals, including livestock and companion animals, and avian species.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_V’kovskik:21_130-0"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_V’kovskik:21-130">[129]</a></sup> Human coronaviruses are capable of causing illnesses ranging from the <a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">common cold</a> to more severe diseases such as <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome">Middle East respiratory syndrome</a> (MERS, fatality rate ~34%). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh known coronavirus to infect people, after <a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_229E" title="Human coronavirus 229E">229E</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_NL63" title="Human coronavirus NL63">NL63</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_OC43" title="Human coronavirus OC43">OC43</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_HKU1" title="Human coronavirus HKU1">HKU1</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome-related_coronavirus" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus">MERS-CoV</a>, and the original <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus">SARS-CoV</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NEJM-Novel_131-0"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NEJM-Novel-131">[130]</a></sup></div></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="393" data-file-width="512" decoding="async" height="169" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg/220px-Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg/330px-Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg/440px-Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg.png 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Illustration of SARS-CoV-2 <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Virion" title="Virion">virion</a></div></div></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
Viral genetic sequence data can provide critical information about whether viruses separated by time and space are likely to be epidemiologically linked.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-132"><a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a></sup> With a sufficient number of sequenced <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genomes</a>, it is possible to reconstruct a <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree" title="Phylogenetic tree">phylogenetic tree</a> of the mutation history of a family of viruses. By 12 January 2020, five genomes of SARS‑CoV‑2 had been isolated from Wuhan and reported by the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Center_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention">Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CCDC) and other institutions;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_gisaid_133-0"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_gisaid-133">[132]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_VirologicalInitial_134-0"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_VirologicalInitial-134">[133]</a></sup> the number of genomes increased to 42 by 30 January 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NextstrainJanuary_135-0"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NextstrainJanuary-135">[134]</a></sup> A phylogenetic analysis of those samples showed they were "highly related with at most seven mutations relative to a <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Common_ancestor" title="Common ancestor">common ancestor</a>", implying that the first human infection occurred in November or December 2019.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NextstrainJanuary_135-1"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NextstrainJanuary-135">[134]</a></sup> Examination of the topology of the phylogenetic tree at the start of the pandemic also found high similarities between human isolates.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_Sun2020Trends_136-0"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_Sun2020Trends-136">[135]</a></sup> As of 21 August 2021,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> 3,422 SARS‑CoV‑2 genomes, belonging to 19 strains, sampled on all continents except Antarctica were publicly available.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NexstrainApril_137-0"><a href="#cite_note-Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2_NexstrainApril-137">[136]</a></sup></div></div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19#Diagnosis" title="COVID-19">COVID-19 § Diagnosis</a></div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">COVID-19 testing</a></div>
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<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum,_K%C3%B6ln-6313_(cropped).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3044" data-file-width="3311" decoding="async" height="202" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum,_K%C3%B6ln-6313_(cropped).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Demonstration of a <a href="/wiki/Nasopharyngeal_swab" title="Nasopharyngeal swab">nasopharyngeal swab</a> for <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">COVID-19 testing</a></div></div></div>
The standard methods of testing for presence of SARS-CoV-2 are <a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acid_test" title="Nucleic acid test">nucleic acid tests</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pmid32621814_138-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pmid32621814-138">[137]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_20200130cdc_139-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_20200130cdc-139">[138]</a></sup> which detects the presence of viral RNA fragments.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_WHO_InterimGuidance_140-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_WHO_InterimGuidance-140">[139]</a></sup> As these tests detect RNA but not infectious virus, its "ability to determine duration of infectivity of patients is limited."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_2k0iS_141-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_2k0iS-141">[140]</a></sup> The test is typically done on respiratory samples obtained by a <a href="/wiki/Nasopharyngeal_swab" title="Nasopharyngeal swab">nasopharyngeal swab</a>; however, a nasal swab or sputum sample may also be used.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_CDC2020Testing_142-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_CDC2020Testing-142">[141]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_20200129cdc_143-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_20200129cdc-143">[142]</a></sup> Results are generally available within hours.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pmid32621814_138-1"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pmid32621814-138">[137]</a></sup> The WHO has published several testing protocols for the disease.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-144"><a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a></sup></div></div>
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Chest CT scans may be helpful to diagnose COVID-19 in individuals with a high clinical suspicion of infection but are not recommended for routine screening.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_:0_145-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_:0-145">[144]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_acr.org_146-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_acr.org-146">[145]</a></sup> Bilateral multilobar <a href="/wiki/Ground-glass_opacity" title="Ground-glass opacity">ground-glass opacities</a> with a peripheral, asymmetric, and posterior distribution are common in early infection.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_:0_145-1"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_:0-145">[144]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-147"><a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a></sup> Subpleural dominance, <a href="/wiki/Crazy_paving_(medicine)" title="Crazy paving (medicine)">crazy paving</a> (lobular septal thickening with variable alveolar filling), and <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_consolidation" title="Pulmonary consolidation">consolidation</a> may appear as the disease progresses.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_:0_145-2"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_:0-145">[144]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-148"><a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a></sup> Characteristic imaging features on chest <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Radiographs" title="Radiographs">radiographs</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Computed_tomography" title="Computed tomography">computed tomography</a> (CT) of people who are symptomatic include asymmetric peripheral ground-glass opacities without <a href="/wiki/Pleural_effusion" title="Pleural effusion">pleural effusions</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_AJR_149-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_AJR-149">[148]</a></sup></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Prevention">Prevention</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19#Prevention" title="COVID-19">COVID-19 § Prevention</a>, <a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
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<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="675" data-file-width="1200" decoding="async" height="124" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif/220px-20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif/330px-20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif/440px-20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Without pandemic containment measures – such as social distancing, vaccination, and face masks – pathogens can spread exponentially.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_Science_20200515_150-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_Science_20200515-150">[149]</a></sup> This graphic shows how early adoption of containment measures tends to protect wider swaths of the population.</div></div></div>
<p>Preventive measures to reduce the chances of infection include getting vaccinated, staying at home, wearing a mask in public, avoiding crowded places, keeping distance from others, ventilating indoor spaces, managing potential exposure durations,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-151"><a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a></sup> washing hands with soap and water often and for at least twenty seconds, practising good respiratory hygiene, and avoiding touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_CDC042020_152-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_CDC042020-152">[151]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-153"><a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a></sup>
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Those diagnosed with COVID-19 or who believe they may be infected are advised by the CDC to stay home except to get medical care, call ahead before visiting a healthcare provider, <a href="#Face_masks_and_respiratory_hygiene">wear a face mask</a> before entering the healthcare provider's office and when in any room or vehicle with another person, cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue, regularly wash hands with soap and water and avoid sharing personal household items.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_CDC2020IfSick_154-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_CDC2020IfSick-154">[153]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-155"><a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a></sup></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Vaccines">Vaccines</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a></div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development" title="History of COVID-19 vaccine development">History of COVID-19 vaccine development</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_vaccination_(2020).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3136" data-file-width="4937" decoding="async" height="140" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg/220px-COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg/330px-COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg/440px-COVID-19_vaccination_%282020%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_vaccination_(2020).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A doctor at <a href="/wiki/Walter_Reed_National_Military_Medical_Center" title="Walter Reed National Military Medical Center">Walter Reed National Military Medical Center</a> receiving a COVID-19 vaccination</div></div></div>
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<p>A <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID‑19 vaccine</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">vaccine</a> intended to provide <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Acquired_immunity" title="Acquired immunity">acquired immunity</a> against <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</a> (SARS‑CoV‑2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/COVID%E2%80%9119" title="COVID‑19">COVID‑19</a>). Prior to the COVID‑19 pandemic, an established body of knowledge existed about the structure and function of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">coronaviruses</a> causing diseases like <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">severe acute respiratory syndrome</a> (SARS) and <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome">Middle East respiratory syndrome</a> (MERS). This knowledge accelerated the development of various <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Vaccine_platform" title="Vaccine platform">vaccine platforms</a> during early 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_vaccine_pmid33341119_156-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_vaccine_pmid33341119-156">[155]</a></sup> The initial focus of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was on preventing symptomatic, often severe illness.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-157"><a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a></sup> On 10 January 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 <a href="/wiki/DNA_sequencing" title="DNA sequencing">genetic sequence</a> data was shared through <a href="/wiki/GISAID" title="GISAID">GISAID</a>, and by 19 March, the global pharmaceutical industry announced a major commitment to address COVID-19.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-158"><a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a></sup> The COVID‑19 vaccines are widely credited for their role in reducing the spread, severity, and death caused by COVID-19.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-159"><a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a></sup>
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Many countries have implemented phased distribution plans that prioritize those at highest risk of complications, such as the elderly, and those at high risk of exposure and transmission, such as healthcare workers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_vaccine_Beaumont_160-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_vaccine_Beaumont-160">[159]</a></sup> Single dose interim use is under consideration to extend vaccination to as many people as possible until vaccine availability improves.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-161"><a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-162"><a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-163"><a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-164"><a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a></sup></div></div>
<p>On 21 December 2020, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> approved the <a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer BioNTech vaccine</a>. Vaccinations began to be administered on 27 December 2020. The <a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna vaccine</a> was authorised on 6 January 2021 and the <a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">AstraZeneca vaccine</a> was authorised on 29 January 2021.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-165"><a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_(cropped).jpg"><img alt="Elderly woman roles up sleeve as two nurses administer a vaccine" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2155" data-file-width="2875" decoding="async" height="165" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:2020_12_27_mas_vacunados_en_la_residencia_mixta_1_(cropped).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Vaccinations at an <a href="/wiki/Retirement_home" title="Retirement home">old people's home</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gij%C3%B3n" title="Gijón">Gijón</a>, Spain</div></div></div>
<p>On 4 February 2020, US Secretary of Health and Human Services <a href="/wiki/Alex_Azar" title="Alex Azar">Alex Azar</a> published a notice of declaration under the <a href="/wiki/Public_Readiness_and_Emergency_Preparedness_Act" title="Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act">Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act</a> for medical countermeasures against COVID-19, covering "any vaccine, used to treat, diagnose, cure, prevent, or mitigate COVID-19, or the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 or a virus mutating therefrom", and stating that the declaration precludes "liability claims alleging negligence by a manufacturer in creating a vaccine, or negligence by a health care provider in prescribing the wrong dose, absent willful misconduct".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mXTUz_166-0"><a href="#cite_note-mXTUz-166">[165]</a></sup> The declaration is effective in the United States through 1 October 2024.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-167"><a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a></sup> On 8 December, it was reported that the AstraZeneca vaccine is about 70% effective, according to a study.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-168"><a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a></sup>
</p><p>As of mid-August 2021, more than 4.6 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been administered in over 190 countries worldwide. The Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine is the most widely used around the globe.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-169"><a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Treatment">Treatment</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19" title="Treatment and management of COVID-19">Treatment and management of COVID-19</a></div><p>There is no specific, effective treatment or cure for <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">coronavirus disease 2019</a> (COVID-19), the disease caused by the <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">SARS-CoV-2</a> virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BMJLivingReview_170-0"><a href="#cite_note-BMJLivingReview-170">[169]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-63_171-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-63-171">[170]</a></sup> Thus, the cornerstone of management of COVID-19 is <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Supportive_care" title="Supportive care">supportive care</a>, which includes treatment to <a href="/wiki/Symptomatic_treatment" title="Symptomatic treatment">relieve symptoms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluid_replacement" title="Fluid replacement">fluid therapy</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Oxygen_support" title="Oxygen support">oxygen support</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Prone_positioning" title="Prone positioning">prone positioning</a> as needed, and medications or devices to support other affected vital organs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-172"><a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a></sup>
</p><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_(50119127303).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3466" data-file-width="5180" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg/220px-Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg/330px-Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg/440px-Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_%2850119127303%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Respiradores_da_USP_utilizados_do_Incor_(50119127303).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A critically ill patient receiving invasive ventilation in the intensive care unit of the <a href="/wiki/Heart_Institute,_University_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Heart Institute, University of São Paulo">Heart Institute, University of São Paulo</a>. Due to a shortage of mechanical ventilators, a <a href="/wiki/Resuscitator" title="Resuscitator">bridge ventilator</a> is being used to automatically actuate a <a href="/wiki/Bag_valve_mask" title="Bag valve mask">bag valve mask</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>Most cases of COVID-19 are mild. In these, supportive care includes medication such as <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">paracetamol</a> or <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/NSAID" title="NSAID">NSAIDs</a> to relieve symptoms (fever,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-173"><a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a></sup> body aches, cough), adequate intake of oral fluids and rest.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-63_171-1"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-63-171">[170]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-174"><a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a></sup> Good personal hygiene and a <a href="/wiki/Healthy_diet" title="Healthy diet">healthy diet</a> are also recommended.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-175"><a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a></sup> The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that those who suspect they are carrying the virus isolate themselves at home and wear a face mask.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CDC2020IfSick_176-0"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2020IfSick-176">[175]</a></sup>
</p><p>People with more severe cases may need treatment in hospital. In those with low oxygen levels, use of the <a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">glucocorticoid</a> <a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">dexamethasone</a> is strongly recommended, as it can reduce the risk of death.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-177"><a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a></sup> <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Noninvasive_ventilation" title="Noninvasive ventilation">Noninvasive ventilation</a> and, ultimately, admission to an <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">intensive care unit</a> for <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_ventilation" title="Mechanical ventilation">mechanical ventilation</a> may be required to support breathing.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NIHGuidelines2020_178-0"><a href="#cite_note-NIHGuidelines2020-178">[177]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Extracorporeal_membrane_oxygenation" title="Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation">Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation</a> (ECMO) has been used to address the issue of respiratory failure, but its benefits are still under consideration.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Guan_Ni_Hu_Liang_p._179-0"><a href="#cite_note-Guan_Ni_Hu_Liang_p.-179">[178]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Henry_2020_p._180-0"><a href="#cite_note-Henry_2020_p.-180">[179]</a></sup>
</p><p>Several <a href="/wiki/Clinical_research" title="Clinical research">experimental treatments</a> are being actively studied in <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trials</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BMJLivingReview_170-1"><a href="#cite_note-BMJLivingReview-170">[169]</a></sup> Others were thought to be promising early in the pandemic, such as <a href="/wiki/Hydroxychloroquine" title="Hydroxychloroquine">hydroxychloroquine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lopinavir/ritonavir" title="Lopinavir/ritonavir">lopinavir/ritonavir</a>, but later research found them to be ineffective or even harmful.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BMJLivingReview_170-2"><a href="#cite_note-BMJLivingReview-170">[169]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kim_Read_Fauci_p=2149_181-0"><a href="#cite_note-Kim_Read_Fauci_p=2149-181">[180]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement_182-0"><a href="#cite_note-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement-182">[181]</a></sup> Despite ongoing research, there is still not enough high-quality evidence to recommend so-called early treatment.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kim_Read_Fauci_p=2149_181-1"><a href="#cite_note-Kim_Read_Fauci_p=2149-181">[180]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement_182-1"><a href="#cite_note-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement-182">[181]</a></sup> Nevertheless, in the United States, two <a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">monoclonal antibody</a>-based therapies are available for early use in cases thought to be at high risk of progression to severe disease.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement_182-2"><a href="#cite_note-NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement-182">[181]</a></sup> The antiviral <a href="/wiki/Remdesivir" title="Remdesivir">remdesivir</a> is available in the US, Canada, Australia, and several other countries, with varying restrictions; however, it is not recommended for people needing mechanical ventilation, and is discouraged altogether by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hsu_p=m4457_183-0"><a href="#cite_note-Hsu_p=m4457-183">[182]</a></sup> due to limited evidence of its efficacy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BMJLivingReview_170-3"><a href="#cite_note-BMJLivingReview-170">[169]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Variants">Variants</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Variants of SARS-CoV-2</a></div>
<p>Several variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged that are spreading globally. The most prevalent, all of which share the more infectious <a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2#D614G" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">D614G mutation</a>, are:<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-184"><a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-185"><a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-186"><a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Lineage_B.1.1.7" title="Lineage B.1.1.7"><i>B.1.1.7</i></a>, also known as the Alpha variant, first detected in the UK, which has spread to over 190 countries</li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Lineage_P.1" title="Lineage P.1"><i>P.1</i></a>, also known as the Gamma variant, first detected in Brazil, which has spread to over 90 countries</li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Lineage_B.1.351" title="Lineage B.1.351"><i>B.1.351</i></a>, also known as the Beta variant, first detected in South Africa, which has spread to over 140 countries</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">B.1.617.2</a>,</i> also known as the Delta variant, first detected in India, which has spread to over 170 countries</li></ul>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="640" data-file-width="945" decoding="async" height="149" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg/220px-Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg/330px-Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg/440px-Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1_cropped.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Burial of a deceased COVID-19 patient in <a href="/wiki/Hamadan" title="Hamadan">Hamadan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, March 2020</div></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Prognosis">Prognosis</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19#Prognosis" title="COVID-19">COVID-19 § Prognosis</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
The severity of COVID-19 varies. The disease may take a mild course with few or no symptoms, resembling other common upper respiratory diseases such as the <a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">common cold</a>. In 3–4% of cases (7.4% for those over age 65) symptoms are severe enough to cause hospitalization.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pmid33087398_187-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pmid33087398-187">[186]</a></sup> Mild cases typically recover within two weeks, while those with severe or critical diseases may take three to six weeks to recover. Among those who have died, the time from symptom onset to death has ranged from two to eight weeks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_WHOReport24Feb2020_188-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_WHOReport24Feb2020-188">[187]</a></sup> The Italian <a href="/wiki/Istituto_Superiore_di_Sanit%C3%A0" title="Istituto Superiore di Sanità">Istituto Superiore di Sanità</a> reported that the median time between the onset of symptoms and death was twelve days, with seven being hospitalised. However, people transferred to an ICU had a median time of ten days between hospitalisation and death.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_ISSCharacteristics_189-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_ISSCharacteristics-189">[188]</a></sup> Prolonged <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Prothrombin" title="Prothrombin">prothrombin</a> time and elevated <a href="/wiki/C-reactive_protein" title="C-reactive protein">C-reactive protein</a> levels on admission to the hospital are associated with severe course of COVID-19 and with a transfer to ICU.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-190"><a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-191"><a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a></sup></div></div>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Mitigation">Mitigation</span></h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19" title="Public health mitigation of COVID-19">Public health mitigation of COVID-19</a></div>
<p>Speed and scale are key to mitigation, due to the <a href="/wiki/Fat-tailed_distribution" title="Fat-tailed distribution">fat-tailed</a> nature of pandemic risk and the exponential growth of COVID-19 infections.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-192"><a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a></sup> For mitigation to be effective, (a) chains of transmission must be broken as quickly as possible through screening and containment, (b) health care must be available to provide for the needs of those infected, and (c) contingencies must be in place to allow for effective rollout of (a) and (b).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-193"><a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (August 2021)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>In July 2021, several experts expressed concern that achieving <a href="/wiki/Herd_immunity" title="Herd immunity">herd immunity</a> may not currently be possible because the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta variant</a> is transmitted among those immunized with current vaccines.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-194"><a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a></sup> The CDC published data showing that vaccinated people could transmit the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta variant</a>, something officials believed was not possible with other variants. Consequently, the WHO and the CDC encourage vaccinated people to continue with preventive measures, such as social distancing and wearing masks indoors.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-195"><a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="Screening.2C_containment_and_mitigation"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Screening,_containment_and_mitigation">Screening, containment and mitigation</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:20200410_Flatten_the_curve,_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_(English).gif"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="675" data-file-width="1200" decoding="async" height="186" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif/330px-20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif/495px-20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif/660px-20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif 2x" width="330"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:20200410_Flatten_the_curve,_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_(English).gif" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Goals of mitigation include delaying and reducing peak burden on healthcare (<i><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">flattening the curve</a></i>) and lessening overall cases and health impact.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Lancet2020Flatten_196-0"><a href="#cite_note-Lancet2020Flatten-196">[195]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RnW59_197-0"><a href="#cite_note-RnW59-197">[196]</a></sup> Moreover, progressively greater increases in healthcare capacity (<i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Raising_the_line" title="Raising the line">raising the line</a></i>) such as by increasing bed count, personnel, and equipment, help to meet increased demand.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Vox_20200407_198-0"><a href="#cite_note-Vox_20200407-198">[197]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1365" data-file-width="2048" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg/220px-04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg/330px-04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg/440px-04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The CDC and WHO advise that masks (such as worn here by Taiwanese president <a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai Ing-wen</a>) reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.</div></div></div>
<p>Strategies in the control of an outbreak are screening, containment (or suppression), and mitigation. Screening is done with a device such as a <a href="/wiki/Thermometer" title="Thermometer">thermometer</a> to detect the elevated body temperature associated with fevers caused by the infection.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-f4SpW_199-0"><a href="#cite_note-f4SpW-199">[198]</a></sup> Containment is undertaken in the early stages of the outbreak and aims to trace and isolate those infected as well as introduce other measures to stop the disease from spreading. When it is no longer possible to contain the disease, efforts then move to the mitigation stage: measures are taken to slow the spread and mitigate its effects on the healthcare system and society. A combination of both containment and mitigation measures may be undertaken at the same time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NY0JD_200-0"><a href="#cite_note-NY0JD-200">[199]</a></sup> Suppression requires more extreme measures so as to reverse the pandemic by reducing the basic reproduction number to less than 1.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ImpCollege16mar2020_201-0"><a href="#cite_note-ImpCollege16mar2020-201">[200]</a></sup>
</p><p>Part of managing an infectious disease outbreak is trying to delay and decrease the epidemic peak, known as flattening the epidemic curve.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Lancet2020Flatten_196-1"><a href="#cite_note-Lancet2020Flatten-196">[195]</a></sup> This decreases the risk of health services being overwhelmed and provides more time for vaccines and treatments to be developed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Lancet2020Flatten_196-2"><a href="#cite_note-Lancet2020Flatten-196">[195]</a></sup> Non-pharmaceutical interventions that may manage the outbreak include personal preventive measures such as hand hygiene, wearing face masks, and self-quarantine; community measures aimed at physical distancing such as closing schools and cancelling mass gathering events; community engagement to encourage acceptance and participation in such interventions; as well as environmental measures such surface cleaning.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-community_mitigation_202-0"><a href="#cite_note-community_mitigation-202">[201]</a></sup> Some measures, particularly those that focus on cleaning surfaces rather than preventing airborne transmission, have been criticised as <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Hygiene_theatre" title="Hygiene theatre">hygiene theatre</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hygiene_theatre_203-0"><a href="#cite_note-Hygiene_theatre-203">[202]</a></sup>
</p><p>More drastic actions aimed at containing the outbreak were taken in China once the severity of the outbreak became apparent, such as quarantining entire cities and imposing strict travel bans.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RwmYm_204-0"><a href="#cite_note-RwmYm-204">[203]</a></sup> Other countries also adopted a variety of measures aimed at limiting the spread of the virus. South Korea introduced mass screening and localised quarantines and issued alerts on the movements of infected individuals. Singapore provided financial support for those infected who quarantined themselves and imposed large fines for those who failed to do so. Taiwan increased face mask production and penalised the hoarding of medical supplies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-shZdf_205-0"><a href="#cite_note-shZdf-205">[204]</a></sup>
</p><p>Simulations for Great Britain and the United States show that mitigation (slowing but not stopping epidemic spread) and suppression (reversing epidemic growth) have major challenges. Optimal mitigation policies might reduce peak healthcare demand by two-thirds and deaths by half, but still result in hundreds of thousands of deaths and overwhelmed health systems. Suppression can be preferred but needs to be maintained for as long as the virus is circulating in the human population (or until a vaccine becomes available), as transmission otherwise quickly rebounds when measures are relaxed. Long-term intervention to suppress the pandemic has considerable social and economic costs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ImpCollege16mar2020_201-1"><a href="#cite_note-ImpCollege16mar2020-201">[200]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Contact_tracing">Contact tracing</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation" title="Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19#Information_technology" title="Public health mitigation of COVID-19">Public health mitigation of COVID-19 § Information technology</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><div class="PopUpMediaTransform" id="mwe_player_0" style="width:220px;" videopayload='<div class="mediaContainer" style="width:854px"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/854px--COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" style="width:854px;height:480px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="53.021" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.480p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="SD WebM (480P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 480P" data-transcodekey="480p.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="1078672" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.720p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="HD WebM (720P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 720P" data-transcodekey="720p.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-bandwidth="2093336" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="HD VP9 (720P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 720P" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-bandwidth="2609288" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Original WebM file, 1,280 × 720 (4.23 Mbps)" data-shorttitle="WebM source" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-bandwidth="4228964" data-framerate="25"/></video></div>'><img alt="File:COVID-19 Airport Contact Tracing.webm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/220px--COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.jpg" style="width:220px;height:124px"/><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm" target="new" title="Play media"><span class="play-btn-large"><span class="mw-tmh-playtext">Play media</span></span></a></div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Mandatory traveller information collection for use in COVID-19 <a href="/wiki/Contact_tracing" title="Contact tracing">contact tracing</a> at New York City's <a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" title="LaGuardia Airport">LaGuardia Airport</a> in August 2020</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Contact_tracing" title="Contact tracing">Contact tracing</a> is an important method for health authorities to determine the source of infection and to prevent further transmission.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-web_206-0"><a href="#cite_note-web-206">[205]</a></sup> The use of location data from mobile phones by governments for this purpose has prompted privacy concerns, with <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> and more than a hundred other organisations issuing a statement calling for limits on this kind of surveillance.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IngramWard20200407_207-0"><a href="#cite_note-IngramWard20200407-207">[206]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_apps" title="COVID-19 apps">Several mobile apps</a> have been implemented or proposed for voluntary use, and as of 7<span class="nowrap"> </span>April 2020, more than a dozen expert groups were working on privacy-friendly solutions such as using <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a> to log a user's proximity to other cellphones.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IngramWard20200407_207-1"><a href="#cite_note-IngramWard20200407-207">[206]</a></sup> (Users are alerted if they have been near someone who subsequently tests positive.)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IngramWard20200407_207-2"><a href="#cite_note-IngramWard20200407-207">[206]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 10 April 2020, Google and <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> jointly announced an initiative for privacy-preserving contact tracing based on Bluetooth technology and <a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">cryptography</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0DF25_208-0"><a href="#cite_note-0DF25-208">[207]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200410apple_209-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200410apple-209">[208]</a></sup> The system is intended to allow governments to create official privacy-preserving COVID-19 tracking apps, with the eventual goal of integration of this functionality directly into the <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> mobile platforms.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HQTFY_210-0"><a href="#cite_note-HQTFY-210">[209]</a></sup> In Europe and in the US, <a href="/wiki/Palantir_Technologies" title="Palantir Technologies">Palantir Technologies</a> is also providing COVID-19 tracking services.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0k3hR_211-0"><a href="#cite_note-0k3hR-211">[210]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Health_care">Health care</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">Flattening the curve</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_hospital_beds" title="List of countries by hospital beds">list of countries by hospital beds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2347" data-file-width="3373" decoding="async" height="153" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg/220px-%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg/330px-%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg/440px-%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An army-constructed <a href="/wiki/Field_hospital" title="Field hospital">field hospital</a> outside <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/%C3%96stra_sjukhuset" title="Östra sjukhuset">Östra sjukhuset</a> (<i>Eastern hospital</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a>, Sweden, contains temporary <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">intensive care units</a> for COVID-19 patients.</div></div></div>
<p>Increasing capacity and adapting healthcare for the needs of COVID-19 patients is described by the WHO as a fundamental outbreak response measure.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHOEuropeResponse_212-0"><a href="#cite_note-WHOEuropeResponse-212">[211]</a></sup> The ECDC and the European regional office of the WHO have issued guidelines for hospitals and <a href="/wiki/Primary_health_care" title="Primary health care">primary healthcare services</a> for shifting of resources at multiple levels, including focusing laboratory services towards COVID-19 testing, cancelling elective procedures whenever possible, separating and isolating COVID-19 positive patients, and increasing <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">intensive care</a> capabilities by training personnel and increasing the number of available <a href="/wiki/Ventilator" title="Ventilator">ventilators</a> and beds.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHOEuropeResponse_212-1"><a href="#cite_note-WHOEuropeResponse-212">[211]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ECDCresponse_213-0"><a href="#cite_note-ECDCresponse-213">[212]</a></sup> In addition, in an attempt to maintain physical distancing, and to protect both patients and clinicians, in some areas non-emergency healthcare services are being provided virtually.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-214"><a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a></sup>
</p><p>Due to capacity limitations in the standard <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain" title="Supply chain">supply chains</a>, some manufacturers are <a href="/wiki/3D_printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a> healthcare material such as nasal swabs and ventilator parts.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-technologyreview615420_215-0"><a href="#cite_note-technologyreview615420-215">[214]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aCPem_216-0"><a href="#cite_note-aCPem-216">[215]</a></sup> In one example, when an Italian hospital urgently required a ventilator valve, and the supplier was unable to deliver in the timescale required, a local startup received legal threats due to alleged patent infringement after reverse-engineering and printing the required hundred valves overnight.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-217"><a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a></sup> On 23 April 2020, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> reported building, in 37 days, a ventilator which is undergoing further testing. NASA is seeking fast-track approval.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NASA-20200423_218-0"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20200423-218">[217]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SPC-20200424_219-0"><a href="#cite_note-SPC-20200424-219">[218]</a></sup> Individuals and groups of <a href="/wiki/Maker_culture" title="Maker culture">makers</a> around the world also assisted in the efforts by creating and sharing <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a> designs, and manufacturing devices using locally sourced materials, sewing, and 3D printing. Millions of <a href="/wiki/Face_shield" title="Face shield">face shields</a>, protective gowns, and masks were made. Other medical supplies were made such as shoes covers, surgical caps, <a href="/wiki/Powered_air-purifying_respirator" title="Powered air-purifying respirator">powered air-purifying respirators</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hand_sanitizer" title="Hand sanitizer">hand sanitizer</a>. Novel devices were created such as <a href="/wiki/Ear_saver" title="Ear saver">ear savers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Non-invasive_ventilation" title="Non-invasive ventilation">non-invasive ventilation</a> helmets, and ventilator splitters.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-220"><a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Pandemic_prevention" title="Pandemic prevention">Pandemic prevention</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic">Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2019">2019</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png"><img alt="An aerial view of the market, looking like a construction site." class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1080" data-file-width="1829" decoding="async" height="130" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png/220px-Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png/330px-Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png/440px-Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/wiki/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market" title="Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market">Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market</a> in March 2020, after it was closed down</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:100%"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:nowrap">
<div id="confirmed-covid-map-per-capita" style="">
<div class="mw-graph mw-graph-always mw-graph-nofallback" data-graph-id="b8658f9e840c8cf96bf231934b36c627650da281" style="min-width:500px;min-height:260px"></div>
</div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div style="float:right"><a href="/wiki/Template:Interactive_COVID-19_maps" title="Template:Interactive COVID-19 maps"><img alt="Desc-i.svg" data-file-height="648" data-file-width="648" decoding="async" height="16" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/16px-Desc-i.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/24px-Desc-i.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/32px-Desc-i.svg.png 2x" width="16"/></a></div>Interactive timeline map of confirmed cases per million people<br/>(drag circle to adjust; may not work on mobile devices)</div></div></div>
<p>Based on the retrospective analysis, starting from December 2019, the number of COVID-19 cases in Hubei gradually increased, reaching 60 by 20 December and at least 266 by 31 December.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-original_report_221-0"><a href="#cite_note-original_report-221">[220]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 24 December 2019, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Wuhan_Central_Hospital" title="Wuhan Central Hospital">Wuhan Central Hospital</a> sent a <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Bronchoalveolar_lavage_fluid" title="Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid">bronchoalveolar lavage fluid</a> (BAL) sample from an unresolved clinical case to sequencing company Vision Medicals.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="citation needed for company used (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On 27 and 28 December, Vision Medicals informed the Wuhan Central Hospital and the Chinese CDC of the results of the test, showing a <a href="/wiki/Novel_coronavirus" title="Novel coronavirus">new coronavirus</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-caixintrace_222-0"><a href="#cite_note-caixintrace-222">[221]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-223"><a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a></sup> A pneumonia cluster of unknown cause was observed on 26 December and treated by the doctor <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jixian" title="Zhang Jixian">Zhang Jixian</a> in Hubei Provincial Hospital, who informed the Wuhan Jianghan CDC on 27 December.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-D54YB_224-0"><a href="#cite_note-D54YB-224">[223]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 30 December 2019, a test report addressed to Wuhan Central Hospital, from company CapitalBio Medlab, stated that there was an erroneous positive result for <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/SARS" title="SARS">SARS</a>, causing a group of doctors at Wuhan Central Hospital to alert their colleagues and relevant hospital authorities of the result. Eight of those doctors, including <a href="/wiki/Li_Wenliang" title="Li Wenliang">Li Wenliang</a> (who was also punished on 3<span class="nowrap"> </span>January),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-siStf_225-0"><a href="#cite_note-siStf-225">[224]</a></sup> were later admonished by the police for spreading false rumours; and another doctor, <a href="/wiki/Ai_Fen" title="Ai Fen">Ai Fen</a>, was reprimanded by her superiors for raising the alarm.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200311theguardian_226-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200311theguardian-226">[225]</a></sup> That evening, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission issued a notice to various medical institutions about "the treatment of pneumonia of unknown cause".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-promedmail6864153_227-0"><a href="#cite_note-promedmail6864153-227">[226]</a></sup> The next day, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission made the first public announcement of a pneumonia outbreak of unknown cause, confirming 27 cases<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-69_228-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-69-228">[227]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PYMIR_229-0"><a href="#cite_note-PYMIR-229">[228]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-68_230-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-68-230">[229]</a></sup>—enough to trigger an investigation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc50984025_231-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc50984025-231">[230]</a></sup>
</p><p>The following day, on 31 December, the WHO office in China was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO_report_232-0"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_report-232">[231]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-69_228-1"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-69-228">[227]</a></sup> An investigation was launched at the start of January 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc50984025_231-1"><a href="#cite_note-bbc50984025-231">[230]</a></sup>
</p><p>According to official Chinese sources, the early cases were mostly linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, which also sold live animals.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-characteristicsZH_233-0"><a href="#cite_note-characteristicsZH-233">[232]</a></sup> However, in May 2020, <a href="/wiki/George_F._Gao" title="George F. Gao">George Gao</a>, the director of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Center_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention">Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention</a>, said animal samples collected from the seafood market had tested negative for the virus, indicating the market was not the source of the initial outbreak.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ALmAQ_234-0"><a href="#cite_note-ALmAQ-234">[233]</a></sup> In March 2021, the WHO published their report on the potential zoonotic source of the virus. The WHO concluded that human spillover via an intermediate animal host was the most likely explanation, with direct spillover from bats next most likely and introduction through the food supply chain as another possible explanation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-who-origins-20210330_2-1"><a href="#cite_note-who-origins-20210330-2">[2]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:5_26-1"><a href="#cite_note-:5-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2020">2020</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Timelines of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 by month: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">January</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">February</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">March</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">April</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">May</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">June</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">July</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">August</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">September</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">October</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">November</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">December</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="4032" data-file-width="3024" decoding="async" height="227" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg/170px-2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg/255px-2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg/340px-2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg 2x" width="170"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Chinese medics in the city of <a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a>, Hubei on 20 March 2020</div></div></div>
<p>From 31 December 2019 to 3 January 2020, a total of 44 cases of "pneumonia of unknown causes" were reported to WHO by the Chinese authorities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-235"><a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 11 January, WHO received further information from the Chinese National Health Commission that the outbreak is associated with exposures in one seafood market in Wuhan, and that the Chinese authorities had identified a new type of coronavirus, which was isolated on 7 January.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO_report_232-1"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_report-232">[231]</a></sup>
</p><p>During the early stages of the outbreak, the number of cases doubled approximately every seven and a half days.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Qun29Jan2020_236-0"><a href="#cite_note-Qun29Jan2020-236">[235]</a></sup> In early and mid-January, the virus spread to other <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Chinese provinces</a>, helped by the <a href="/wiki/Chunyun" title="Chunyun">Chinese New Year migration</a> and Wuhan being a transport hub and major rail interchange.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO_report_28_February_2020_237-0"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_report_28_February_2020-237">[236]</a></sup> On 10 January, the SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequence data was shared through <a href="/wiki/GISAID" title="GISAID">GISAID</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-238"><a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a></sup> On 20 January, China reported nearly 140 new cases in one day, including two people in Beijing and one in <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-france2420200120_239-0"><a href="#cite_note-france2420200120-239">[238]</a></sup> A retrospective official study published in March found that 6,174 people had already developed symptoms by 20 January (most of them would be diagnosed later)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Epidemiology17Feb2020_240-0"><a href="#cite_note-Epidemiology17Feb2020-240">[239]</a></sup> and more may have been infected.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-flattery_241-0"><a href="#cite_note-flattery-241">[240]</a></sup> A report in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a></i> on 24 January indicated human transmission, strongly recommended <a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">personal protective equipment</a> for health workers, and said testing for the virus was essential due to its "pandemic potential".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Huang24Jan2020_42-1"><a href="#cite_note-Huang24Jan2020-42">[42]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Horton_18_March_242-0"><a href="#cite_note-Horton_18_March-242">[241]</a></sup> On 31 January, <i>The Lancet</i> would publish the first modelling study explicitly warning of inevitable "independent self-sustaining outbreaks in major cities globally" and calling for "large-scale public health interventions."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pmid32014114_243-0"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32014114-243">[242]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 30 January, with 7,818 confirmed cases across 19 countries, the WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Emergency_of_International_Concern" title="Public Health Emergency of International Concern">Public Health Emergency of International Concern</a> (PHEIC),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO_PHEICSR_244-0"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_PHEICSR-244">[243]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO_PHEIC_decl2_245-0"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_PHEIC_decl2-245">[244]</a></sup> and then a <a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">pandemic</a> on 11 March 2020<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHO_pandemicSR_246-0"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_pandemicSR-246">[245]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHOpandemic_247-0"><a href="#cite_note-WHOpandemic-247">[246]</a></sup> as Italy, Iran, South Korea, and Japan reported increasing numbers of cases.
</p><p>On 31 January, Italy had its first confirmed cases, two tourists from China.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Corriere_20Jan_248-0"><a href="#cite_note-Corriere_20Jan-248">[247]</a></sup> On 19 March, Italy overtook China as the country with the most reported deaths.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sky11960412_249-0"><a href="#cite_note-sky11960412-249">[248]</a></sup> By 26 March, the United States had overtaken China and Italy with the highest number of confirmed cases in the world.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT-20200326_250-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20200326-250">[249]</a></sup> Research on SARS-CoV-2 genomes indicates the majority of COVID-19 cases in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)">New York</a> came from European travellers, rather than directly from China or any other Asian country.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200408nytimes_251-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200408nytimes-251">[250]</a></sup> Retesting of prior samples found a person in France who had the virus on 27 December 2019<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-France-retest_252-0"><a href="#cite_note-France-retest-252">[251]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Deslandes_2020_253-0"><a href="#cite_note-Deslandes_2020-253">[252]</a></sup> and a person in the United States who died from the disease on 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>February 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PBS-2wks_254-0"><a href="#cite_note-PBS-2wks-254">[253]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi,_Ukraine.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2338" data-file-width="3500" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg/220px-COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg/330px-COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg/440px-COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi%2C_Ukraine.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_patient_wearing_scuba_mask_in_absence_of_available_artificial_lung_ventilation._Chernivtsi,_Ukraine.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A patient in Ukraine in May 2020 wears a <a href="/wiki/Diving_mask" title="Diving mask">scuba mask</a> in the absence of <a href="/wiki/Artificial_ventilation" title="Artificial ventilation">artificial ventilation</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>On 11 June, after 55 days without a locally transmitted case being officially reported,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-scmp-markets_255-0"><a href="#cite_note-scmp-markets-255">[254]</a></sup> the city of Beijing reported a single COVID-19 case, followed by two more cases on 12 June.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Vlsb1_256-0"><a href="#cite_note-Vlsb1-256">[255]</a></sup> As of 15 June 2020, 79 cases were officially confirmed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wAsR1_257-0"><a href="#cite_note-wAsR1-257">[256]</a></sup> Most of these patients went to <a href="/wiki/Xinfadi_Market" title="Xinfadi Market">Xinfadi Wholesale Market</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-scmp-markets_255-1"><a href="#cite_note-scmp-markets-255">[254]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-oOS1t_258-0"><a href="#cite_note-oOS1t-258">[257]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 29 June, WHO warned that the spread of the virus was still accelerating as countries reopened their economies, despite many countries having made progress in slowing down the spread.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HfGjG_259-0"><a href="#cite_note-HfGjG-259">[258]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 15 July, one COVID-19 case was officially reported in <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a> in more than three months. The patient did not travel outside the city in the 14 days before developing symptoms, nor did he have contact with people from "areas of attention."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-undercurrent_260-0"><a href="#cite_note-undercurrent-260">[259]</a></sup>
</p><p>In October, the WHO stated, at a special meeting of WHO leaders, that one in ten people around the world may have been infected with COVID-19. At the time, that translated to 780 million people being infected, while only 35 million infections had been confirmed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc_oneinten_261-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_oneinten-261">[260]</a></sup>
</p><p>In early November, Denmark reported on <a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">an outbreak of a unique mutated variant</a> being transmitted to humans from <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Minks" title="Minks">minks</a> in its <a href="/wiki/North_Jutland_Region" title="North Jutland Region">North Jutland Region</a>. All twelve human cases of the mutated variant were identified in September 2020. The WHO released a report saying the variant "had a combination of mutations or changes that have not been previously observed."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5qH0Q_262-0"><a href="#cite_note-5qH0Q-262">[261]</a></sup> In response, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Mette Frederiksen</a> ordered for the country – the world's largest producer of mink fur – to cull its mink population by as many as 17 million.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-y6eQ0_263-0"><a href="#cite_note-y6eQ0-263">[262]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 9 November, <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a> released their trial results for a candidate vaccine, showing that it is 90% effective against the virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FEv4C_264-0"><a href="#cite_note-FEv4C-264">[263]</a></sup> Later that day, <a href="/wiki/Novavax" title="Novavax">Novavax</a> entered an <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">FDA</a> Fast Track application for their vaccine.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NPZ5P_265-0"><a href="#cite_note-NPZ5P-265">[264]</a></sup> Virologist and US <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases" title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</a> director <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a> indicated that the Pfizer vaccine targets the spike protein used to infect cells by the virus. Some issues left to be answered are how long the vaccine offers protection, and if it offers the same level of protection to all ages. Initial doses will likely go to healthcare workers on the front lines.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-qAMCq_266-0"><a href="#cite_note-qAMCq-266">[265]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 9 November 2020, the United States surpassed 10 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, making it the country with the most cases worldwide by a large margin.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JCmUy_267-0"><a href="#cite_note-JCmUy-267">[266]</a></sup>
</p><p>It was reported on 27 November, that a publication released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicated that the number of viral infections are via confirmed laboratory test only. However, the true number could be about eight times the reported number; the report further indicated that the true number of virus infected cases <i>could be</i> around 100 million in the US.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-268"><a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-269"><a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 14 December, <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_England" title="Public Health England">Public Health England</a> reported a new variant had been discovered in the South East of England, predominantly in <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>. The variant, named <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Variant_of_Concern_202012/01" title="Variant of Concern 202012/01">Variant of Concern 202012/01</a>, showed changes to the <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_spike_protein" title="Coronavirus spike protein">spike protein</a> which could make the virus more infectious. As of 13 December, there were 1,108 cases identified.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-270"><a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a></sup> Many countries halted all flights from the UK;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-271"><a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a></sup> France-bound <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Eurotunnel" title="Eurotunnel">Eurotunnel</a> service was suspended and ferries carrying passengers and accompanied freight were cancelled as the French border closed to people on 20 December.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-France_shuts_border_272-0"><a href="#cite_note-France_shuts_border-272">[271]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2021">2021</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Timelines of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021 by month: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">January</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">February</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">March</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">April</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">May</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">June</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">July</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">August</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">September</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">October</a></div>
<p>On 2 January, VOC-202012/01, a variant of SARS-CoV-2 first discovered in the UK, had been identified in 33 countries around the world, including Pakistan, South Korea, Switzerland, Taiwan, Norway, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, India, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Iceland, and China.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-273"><a href="#cite_note-273">[272]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 6 January, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Lineage_P.1" title="Lineage P.1">P.1 variant</a> was first identified in Japanese travellers who had just returned from Brazil.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-274"><a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 12 January, it was reported that a team of scientists from the World Health Organization would arrive in Wuhan on the 14th of the month; this is to ascertain the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and determine what were the intermediate hosts between the original reservoir and humans.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-275"><a href="#cite_note-275">[274]</a></sup> On the following day, two of the WHO members were barred from entering China because, according to the country, antibodies for the virus were detected in both.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-276"><a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 29 January, it was reported that the Novavax vaccine was only 49% effective against the 501.V2 variant in a clinical trial in South Africa.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-277"><a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-278"><a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a></sup> The China COVID-19 vaccine CoronaVac indicated 50.4% effectivity in a Brazil clinical trial.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-279"><a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 12 March, it was reported that several countries, including Thailand, Denmark, Bulgaria, Norway and Iceland, had stopped using the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine due to what was being called severe blood clotting problems, a <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_venous_sinus_thrombosis" title="Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis">cerebral venous sinus thrombosis</a> (CVST). Additionally, Austria halted the use of one batch of the aforementioned vaccine as well.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-280"><a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a></sup> On 20 March, the WHO and European Medicines Agency found no link between <a href="/wiki/Thrombus" title="Thrombus">thrombus</a> (a blood clot of clinical importance), leading several European countries to resume administering the AstraZeneca vaccine.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-281"><a href="#cite_note-281">[280]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 29 March, it was reported that the US government was planning to introduce <a href="/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation#Digital_vaccination_passport" title="Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">COVID-19 vaccination 'passports'</a> to allow those who have been vaccinated the ability to board aeroplanes, cruise ships as well as other activities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-282"><a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a></sup>
</p><p>In April and May, a severe wave of infections hit India, where the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta variant</a> was first identified. In mid-April, the variant was first detected in the UK and two months later it has catalysed a third wave in the country, forcing the government to delay the full reopening from lockdown which was originally scheduled on 21 June.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-283"><a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 11 August, the developers of <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">Sputnik V</a> offered the first component of that two-dose vaccine, '<a href="/wiki/Sputnik_Light" title="Sputnik Light">Sputnik Light</a>' (Ad26), to <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a> for trial as a booster against the Delta variant.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-284"><a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-285"><a href="#cite_note-285">[284]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 31 August, The National Institute for Communicable Diseases (South Africa) indicated a potential variant of interest known as C.1.2; it has been identified in the entire country and abroad.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-286"><a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 3 September Dr. Anthony Fauci, medical adviser to President Biden and Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, indicated that 3 doses of vaccine for COVID-19 will become the new norm.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-287"><a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a></sup>
</p><p>As of 23 October 2021, more than 243<span class="nowrap"> </span>million cases have been reported worldwide due to COVID-19; more than 4.94<span class="nowrap"> </span>million have died.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-5"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="National_responses">National responses</span></h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">COVID-19 lockdowns</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_(49627907646).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2000" data-file-width="3000" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_(49627907646).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Then-US President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> signs the <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Preparedness_and_Response_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2020" title="Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020">Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act</a> into law with <a href="/wiki/Alex_Azar" title="Alex Azar">Alex Azar</a> on 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>March 2020.</div></div></div>
<p>Due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">pandemic in Europe</a>, many countries in the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a> have restricted free movement and set up border controls.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-iR2Oj_288-0"><a href="#cite_note-iR2Oj-288">[287]</a></sup> National reactions have included containment measures such as <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Curfews_and_lockdowns_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Curfews and lockdowns related to the COVID-19 pandemic">quarantines and curfews</a> (known as <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Stay-at-home_orders" title="Stay-at-home orders">stay-at-home orders</a>, shelter-in-place orders, or lockdowns).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IVdfl_289-0"><a href="#cite_note-IVdfl-289">[288]</a></sup> The WHO's recommendation on curfews and lockdowns is that they should be short-term measures to reorganise, regroup, rebalance resources, and protect health workers who are exhausted. To achieve a balance between restrictions and normal life, the long-term responses to the pandemic should consist of strict personal hygiene, effective contact tracing, and isolating when ill.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58tIM_290-0"><a href="#cite_note-58tIM-290">[289]</a></sup>
</p><p>By 26 March 2020, 1.7 billion people worldwide were under some form of lockdown,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-theguardian500000_291-0"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian500000-291">[290]</a></sup> which increased to 3.9 billion people by the first week of April—more than half the <a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">world's population</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200403euronews_292-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200403euronews-292">[291]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200328businessinsider_293-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200328businessinsider-293">[292]</a></sup>
</p><p>By late April 2020, around 300 million people were under lockdown in nations of Europe, including but not limited to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">France</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, while around 200 million people were under lockdown in Latin America.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-end_april_294-0"><a href="#cite_note-end_april-294">[293]</a></sup> Nearly 300 million people, or about 90 per cent of the population, were under some form of lockdown in the United States,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200402businessinsider_295-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200402businessinsider-295">[294]</a></sup> around 100 million people in the Philippines,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-end_april_294-1"><a href="#cite_note-end_april-294">[293]</a></sup> about 59 million people in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">South Africa</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200327nytimes_296-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200327nytimes-296">[295]</a></sup> and 1.3 billion people have been under <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_India" title="COVID-19 lockdown in India">lockdown in India</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200329theguardian_297-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200329theguardian-297">[296]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aljazeera2003270945_298-0"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2003270945-298">[297]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Asia">Asia</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">COVID-19 pandemic in Asia</a></div>
<p>As of 30 April 2020,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Tajik1st_299-0"><a href="#cite_note-Tajik1st-299">[298]</a></sup> cases have been reported in all Asian countries except for <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea">North Korea</a>, although these countries likely also have cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc52186521_300-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52186521-300">[299]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc52146989_301-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52146989-301">[300]</a></sup> Despite being the first area of the world hit by the outbreak, the early wide-scale response of some Asian states, particularly <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bhutan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bhutan">Bhutan</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-302"><a href="#cite_note-302">[301]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore">Singapore</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-303"><a href="#cite_note-303">[302]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-304"><a href="#cite_note-304">[303]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Taiwan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan">Taiwan</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Nation_Taiwan_305-0"><a href="#cite_note-Nation_Taiwan-305">[304]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam">Vietnam</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7news973119_306-0"><a href="#cite_note-7news973119-306">[305]</a></sup> has allowed them to fare comparatively well. China is criticised for initially minimising the severity of the outbreak, but the delayed wide-scale response has largely contained the disease since March 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:0_307-0"><a href="#cite_note-:0-307">[306]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-308"><a href="#cite_note-308">[307]</a></sup>
</p><p>In <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">Japan</a>, the pandemic has been believed to have caused direct side effects in regards to mental health. According to the report by the country's <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_(Japan)" title="National Police Agency (Japan)">National Police Agency</a>, suicides had increased to 2,153 in October 2020. Experts also state that the pandemic has worsened mental health issues due to lockdowns and isolation from family members, among other issues.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-309"><a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="China">China</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3024" data-file-width="4032" decoding="async" height="165" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg/220px-%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg/330px-%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg/440px-%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Fangcang_Hospital" title="Fangcang Hospital">temporary hospital</a> constructed in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a> in February 2020</div></div></div>
<p>As of 14 July 2020, there are 83,545 cases confirmed in China—excluding 114 asymptomatic cases, 62 of which were imported, under medical observation; asymptomatic cases have not been reported prior to 31 March 2020—with 4,634 deaths and 78,509 recoveries,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-llOna_310-0"><a href="#cite_note-llOna-310">[309]</a></sup> meaning there are only 402 cases. Hubei has the most cases, followed by <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-xS8Ev_311-0"><a href="#cite_note-xS8Ev-311">[310]</a></sup> By March 2020, COVID-19 infections were largely put under control in China,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:0_307-1"><a href="#cite_note-:0-307">[306]</a></sup> with minor outbreaks since.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-312"><a href="#cite_note-312">[311]</a></sup> It was reported on 25 November 2020, that some 1 million people in the country of China had been vaccinated according to China's state council; the vaccines against COVID-19 came from <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/BBIBP-CorV" title="BBIBP-CorV">Sinopharm</a>, which makes two, and one produced by <a href="/wiki/CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">Sinovac</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-313"><a href="#cite_note-313">[312]</a></sup>
</p><p>However, throughout the pandemic, multiple sources have cast doubt upon the accuracy of China's official numbers for deaths and infections of COVID-19 during the initial outbreak, with some suggesting intentional suppression of data.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-314"><a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-315"><a href="#cite_note-315">[314]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-316"><a href="#cite_note-316">[315]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="India">India</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 pandemic in India</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="871" data-file-width="959" decoding="async" height="154" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg/170px-Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg/255px-Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg/340px-Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg 2x" width="170"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Thermal_Screening_of_Sebayats.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Indian officials conducting temperature checks at the <a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra" title="Ratha Yatra">Ratha Yatra</a> Hindu festival on 23 June 2020</div></div></div>
<p>The first case of COVID-19 in India was reported on 30 January 2020. India ordered a nationwide lockdown for the entire population starting 24 March 2020,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mrGsK_317-0"><a href="#cite_note-mrGsK-317">[316]</a></sup> with a phased unlock beginning 1 June 2020. Six cities account for around half of all reported cases in the country—<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delhi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gujarat" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat">Ahmedabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra">Pune</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Bengal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal">Kolkata</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sHMHJ_318-0"><a href="#cite_note-sHMHJ-318">[317]</a></sup> On 10 June 2020, India's recoveries exceeded active cases for the first time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-P0IqK_319-0"><a href="#cite_note-P0IqK-319">[318]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 30 August 2020, India surpassed the US record for the most cases in a single day, with more than 78,000 cases,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2it1s_320-0"><a href="#cite_note-2it1s-320">[319]</a></sup> and set a new record on 16 September 2020, with almost 98,000 cases reported that day.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-321"><a href="#cite_note-321">[320]</a></sup> As of 30 August 2020, India's case fatality rate is relatively low at 2.3%, against the global 4.7%.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SYon7_322-0"><a href="#cite_note-SYon7-322">[321]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (February 2021)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>As of September 2020, India had the largest number of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">confirmed cases in Asia</a>;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-asia_first_323-0"><a href="#cite_note-asia_first-323">[322]</a></sup> and the second-highest number of confirmed cases in the world,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-E8R37_324-0"><a href="#cite_note-E8R37-324">[323]</a></sup> behind the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">United States</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5yBLb_325-0"><a href="#cite_note-5yBLb-325">[324]</a></sup> with the number of total confirmed cases breaching the 100,000 mark on 19 May 2020,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2ACPr_326-0"><a href="#cite_note-2ACPr-326">[325]</a></sup> 1,000,000 on 16 July 2020,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dT4iD_327-0"><a href="#cite_note-dT4iD-327">[326]</a></sup> and 5,000,000 confirmed cases on 16 September 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-btBce_328-0"><a href="#cite_note-btBce-328">[327]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 19 December 2020, India crossed the total number of 10,000,000 confirmed cases but with a slow pace.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-329"><a href="#cite_note-329">[328]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Indian Ministry of Science initiated a mathematical simulation of the pandemic, the so-called "Indian Supermodel", which correctly predicted the decrease of active cases starting in September 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-330"><a href="#cite_note-330">[329]</a></sup>
</p><p>A second wave hit India in April 2021, placing healthcare services under severe strain.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-331"><a href="#cite_note-331">[330]</a></sup> By late April, the government was reporting over 300,000 new infections and 2,000 deaths per day, with concerns of undercounting.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-332"><a href="#cite_note-332">[331]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Iran">Iran</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iran" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iran">COVID-19 pandemic in Iran</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="635" data-file-width="1050" decoding="async" height="133" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg/220px-Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg/330px-Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg/440px-Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Disinfection of <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Metro" title="Tehran Metro">Tehran Metro</a> trains against COVID-19 transmission. Similar measures have also been taken in other countries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2kQpo_333-0"><a href="#cite_note-2kQpo-333">[332]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>Iran reported its first confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections on 19 February 2020 in <a href="/wiki/Qom" title="Qom">Qom</a>, where, according to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Medical_Education" title="Ministry of Health and Medical Education">Ministry of Health and Medical Education</a>, two people had died that day.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wHBRB_334-0"><a href="#cite_note-wHBRB-334">[333]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4yrqM_335-0"><a href="#cite_note-4yrqM-335">[334]</a></sup> Early measures announced by the government included the cancellation of concerts and other cultural events,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Xm5nq_336-0"><a href="#cite_note-Xm5nq-336">[335]</a></sup> sporting events,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aEO6O_337-0"><a href="#cite_note-aEO6O-337">[336]</a></sup> Friday prayers,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Urdn6_338-0"><a href="#cite_note-Urdn6-338">[337]</a></sup> and closures of universities, higher education institutions, and schools.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2YX6a_339-0"><a href="#cite_note-2YX6a-339">[338]</a></sup> Iran allocated 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>trillion <a href="/wiki/Iranian_rial" title="Iranian rial">rials</a> (equivalent to <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$120,000,000</span>) to combat the virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-grT4c_340-0"><a href="#cite_note-grT4c-340">[339]</a></sup> President <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani" title="Hassan Rouhani">Hassan Rouhani</a> said on 26 February 2020 there were no plans to quarantine areas affected by the outbreak, and only individuals would be quarantined.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BEhed_341-0"><a href="#cite_note-BEhed-341">[340]</a></sup> Plans to limit travel between cities were announced in March 2020,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBqei_342-0"><a href="#cite_note-BBqei-342">[341]</a></sup> although heavy traffic between cities ahead of the Persian New Year <a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> continued.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc24032020_343-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc24032020-343">[342]</a></sup> <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Shia" title="Shia">Shia</a> shrines in Qom remained open to pilgrims until 16 March.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HhmZ1_344-0"><a href="#cite_note-HhmZ1-344">[343]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-iran_shrines_345-0"><a href="#cite_note-iran_shrines-345">[344]</a></sup>
</p><p>Iran became a centre of the spread of the virus after China in February 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HHOnl_346-0"><a href="#cite_note-HHOnl-346">[345]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-newyorker_347-0"><a href="#cite_note-newyorker-347">[346]</a></sup> More than ten countries had traced their cases back to Iran by 28 February, indicating the outbreak may have been more severe than the 388 cases reported by the Iranian government by that date.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-newyorker_347-1"><a href="#cite_note-newyorker-347">[346]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-D2Xpc_348-0"><a href="#cite_note-D2Xpc-348">[347]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Consultative_Assembly" title="Islamic Consultative Assembly">Iranian Parliament</a> was shut down, with 23 of its 290 members reported to have had tested positive for the virus on 3<span class="nowrap"> </span>March 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-fXv2K_349-0"><a href="#cite_note-fXv2K-349">[348]</a></sup> On 15 March 2020, the Iranian government reported a hundred deaths in a single day, the most recorded in the country since the outbreak began.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-omeCS_350-0"><a href="#cite_note-omeCS-350">[349]</a></sup> At least twelve sitting or former Iranian politicians and government officials had died from the disease by 17 March 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-oxtUC_351-0"><a href="#cite_note-oxtUC-351">[350]</a></sup> By 23 March 2020, Iran was experiencing fifty new cases every hour and one new death every ten minutes due to COVID-19.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-V0Gmj_352-0"><a href="#cite_note-V0Gmj-352">[351]</a></sup> According to a WHO official, there may be five times more cases in Iran than what is being reported. It is also suggested that US sanctions on Iran may be affecting the country's financial ability to respond to the viral outbreak.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9upke_353-0"><a href="#cite_note-9upke-353">[352]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 20 April 2020, Iran reopened shopping malls and other shopping areas across the country.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-yahoo080329918_354-0"><a href="#cite_note-yahoo080329918-354">[353]</a></sup> After reaching a low in new cases in early May, a new peak was reported on 4<span class="nowrap"> </span>June 2020, raising fear of a second wave.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ibeNh_355-0"><a href="#cite_note-ibeNh-355">[354]</a></sup> On 18 July 2020, President Rouhani estimated that 25 million Iranians had already become infected, which is considerably higher than the official count.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-reuters_july2020_356-0"><a href="#cite_note-reuters_july2020-356">[355]</a></sup> Leaked data<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (August 2021)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> suggest that 42,000 people had died with COVID-19 symptoms by 20 July 2020, nearly tripling the 14,405 officially reported by that date.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-QtjEU_357-0"><a href="#cite_note-QtjEU-357">[356]</a></sup>
</p><p>In August 2021, the pandemic was in its the fifth wave in the country with more than 400 deaths in 1 day according to the official reported statistics.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-358"><a href="#cite_note-358">[357]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="South_Korea">South Korea</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea">COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1597" data-file-width="2400" decoding="async" height="146" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg/220px-Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg/330px-Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg/440px-Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A <a href="/wiki/Drive-through" title="Drive-through">drive-through</a> test centre at the <a href="/wiki/Gyeongju" title="Gyeongju">Gyeongju</a> Public Health Centre</div></div></div>
<p>COVID-19 was confirmed to have spread to South Korea on 20 January 2020 from China. The nation's health agency reported a significant increase in confirmed cases on 20 February,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ThomReut_SKorea_zombie_359-0"><a href="#cite_note-ThomReut_SKorea_zombie-359">[358]</a></sup> largely attributed to a gathering in <a href="/wiki/Daegu" title="Daegu">Daegu</a> of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Shincheonji_Church_of_Jesus_the_Temple_of_the_Tabernacle_of_the_Testimony" title="Shincheonji Church of Jesus the Temple of the Tabernacle of the Testimony">Shincheonji Church of Jesus</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ThomReut_SKorea_zombie_359-1"><a href="#cite_note-ThomReut_SKorea_zombie-359">[358]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-zMJnB_360-0"><a href="#cite_note-zMJnB-360">[359]</a></sup> Shincheonji devotees visiting Daegu from Wuhan were suspected to be the origin of the outbreak.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-b82186_361-0"><a href="#cite_note-b82186-361">[360]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-koreabiomed_362-0"><a href="#cite_note-koreabiomed-362">[361]</a></sup> By 22 February<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, among 9,336 followers of the church, 1,261 or about 13 per cent reported symptoms.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BOQ2O_363-0"><a href="#cite_note-BOQ2O-363">[362]</a></sup> South Korea declared the highest level of alert on 23 February 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-GKvzB_364-0"><a href="#cite_note-GKvzB-364">[363]</a></sup> On 29 February, more than 3,150 confirmed cases were reported.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SPmG7_365-0"><a href="#cite_note-SPmG7-365">[364]</a></sup> All South Korean military bases were quarantined after tests showed three soldiers had the virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-b82186_361-1"><a href="#cite_note-b82186-361">[360]</a></sup> Airline schedules were also changed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-l2hq3_366-0"><a href="#cite_note-l2hq3-366">[365]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-iLVLj_367-0"><a href="#cite_note-iLVLj-367">[366]</a></sup>
</p><p>South Korea introduced what was considered the largest and best-organised programme in the world to screen the population for the virus, isolate any infected people, and trace and quarantine those who contacted them.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-science20200317_368-0"><a href="#cite_note-science20200317-368">[367]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mNKf7_369-0"><a href="#cite_note-mNKf7-369">[368]</a></sup> Screening methods included mandatory self-reporting of symptoms by new international arrivals through mobile application,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nbcnews1167376_370-0"><a href="#cite_note-nbcnews1167376-370">[369]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Drive-through" title="Drive-through">drive-through</a> testing for the virus with the results available the next day,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CvyZS_371-0"><a href="#cite_note-CvyZS-371">[370]</a></sup> and increasing testing capability to allow up to 20,000 people to be tested every day.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-fdhQW_372-0"><a href="#cite_note-fdhQW-372">[371]</a></sup> Despite some early criticisms of President <a href="/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon Jae-in</a>'s response to the crisis,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-imx38_373-0"><a href="#cite_note-imx38-373">[372]</a></sup> South Korea's programme is considered a success in controlling the outbreak without quarantining entire cities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-science20200317_368-1"><a href="#cite_note-science20200317-368">[367]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wypis_374-0"><a href="#cite_note-Wypis-374">[373]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-joins23778577_375-0"><a href="#cite_note-joins23778577-375">[374]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 23 March 2020, it was reported that South Korea had the lowest one-day case total in four weeks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-fdhQW_372-1"><a href="#cite_note-fdhQW-372">[371]</a></sup> On 29 March, it was reported that beginning 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>April all new overseas arrivals will be quarantined for two weeks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-yahoo013830705_376-0"><a href="#cite_note-yahoo013830705-376">[375]</a></sup> Per media reports on 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>April, South Korea has received requests for virus testing assistance from 121 different countries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-U0Hrf_377-0"><a href="#cite_note-U0Hrf-377">[376]</a></sup> Persistent local groups of infections in the greater Seoul area continued to be found, which led to Korea's CDC director saying in June that the country had entered the second wave of infections,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-gKU7Q_378-0"><a href="#cite_note-gKU7Q-378">[377]</a></sup> although a WHO official disagreed with that assessment.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tfxTS_379-0"><a href="#cite_note-tfxTS-379">[378]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Europe">Europe</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">COVID-19 pandemic in Europe</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1457" data-file-width="1440" decoding="async" height="304" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg/300px-Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg/450px-Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg/600px-Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg.png 2x" width="300"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Persons_died_due_to_coronavirus_COVID-19_per_capita_in_Europe.svg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Deaths per 100,000 residents</div></div></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<p>The first case in Europe was confirmed in Bordeaux, France, on 24 January 2020.
</p><p>By 13 March 2020, when the number of reported new cases of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> became greater than those in China, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) began to consider Europe the active centre of the COVID-19 pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-380"><a href="#cite_note-380">[379]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-381"><a href="#cite_note-381">[380]</a></sup> By 22 May 2020, the WHO said that <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South America</a> was now experiencing a worse outbreak.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-382"><a href="#cite_note-382">[381]</a></sup>
</p><p>By 17 March 2020, all countries within Europe had a confirmed case of COVID-19, with Montenegro being the last European country to report at least one case.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-383"><a href="#cite_note-383">[382]</a></sup> At least one death has been reported in all European countries, apart from the Vatican City.
</p><p>By 18 March 2020, more than 250 million people were in <a href="/wiki/Stay-at-home_order" title="Stay-at-home order">lockdown</a> in Europe.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-384"><a href="#cite_note-384">[383]</a></sup>
</p>
On 24 May 2020, 68 days since its first recorded case, Montenegro became the first COVID-free country in Europe,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-385"><a href="#cite_note-385">[384]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-386"><a href="#cite_note-386">[385]</a></sup> but this only lasted for 44 days before a newly imported case was identified there.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-387"><a href="#cite_note-387">[386]</a></sup> The European countries with the highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases are the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">Spain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe_jhumap_388-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe_jhumap-388">[387]</a></sup></div></div>
<p>On 21 August, it was reported the COVID-19 cases were climbing among younger individuals across Europe.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HFR3b_389-0"><a href="#cite_note-HFR3b-389">[388]</a></sup> On 21 November, it was reported by the Voice of America that Europe is the worst hit area by COVID-19, with numbers exceeding 15 million cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-390"><a href="#cite_note-390">[389]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="France">France</span></h4>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><div class="PopUpMediaTransform" id="mwe_player_2" style="width:220px;" videopayload='<div class="mediaContainer" style="width:854px"><video id="mwe_player_3" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/854px--Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" style="width:854px;height:480px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="74.802" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="SD VP9 (480P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 480P" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="1069224" data-framerate="29.97"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.480p.webm" type="video/webm; 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codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="Small WebM (240P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="332856" data-framerate="29.97"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Small VP9 (240P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="348000" data-framerate="29.97"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="VP9 (360P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="587400" data-framerate="29.97"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="WebM (360P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="587896" data-framerate="29.97"/></video></div>'><img alt="File:Paris Covid19 Avril 2020.webm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm/220px--Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm.jpg" style="width:220px;height:124px"/><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm" target="new" title="Play media"><span class="play-btn-large"><span class="mw-tmh-playtext">Play media</span></span></a></div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Paris_Covid19_Avril_2020.webm" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Empty streets in Paris, 2020</div></div></div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">COVID-19 pandemic in France</a></div>
<p>Although it was originally thought the pandemic reached France on 24 January 2020, when the first COVID-19 case in Europe was confirmed in <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, it was later discovered that a person near Paris had tested positive for the virus on 27 December 2019 after retesting old samples.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-France-retest_252-1"><a href="#cite_note-France-retest-252">[251]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Deslandes_2020_253-1"><a href="#cite_note-Deslandes_2020-253">[252]</a></sup> A key event in the spread of the disease in the country was the annual assembly of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Open_Door_Church" title="Christian Open Door Church">Christian Open Door Church</a> between 17 and 24 February in <a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a>, which was attended by about 2,500 people, at least half of whom are believed to have contracted the virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-lepoint2369173_391-0"><a href="#cite_note-lepoint2369173-391">[390]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-francetvinfo3889133_392-0"><a href="#cite_note-francetvinfo3889133-392">[391]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 13 March, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">Édouard Philippe</a> ordered the closure of all non-essential public places,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc51892477_393-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc51892477-393">[392]</a></sup> and on 16 March, French President <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> announced mandatory home confinement, a policy which was extended at least until 11 May.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-394"><a href="#cite_note-394">[393]</a></sup> As of 14 September<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, France has reported more than 402,000 confirmed cases, 30,000 deaths, and 90,000 recoveries,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dashboard_Covid19_France_395-0"><a href="#cite_note-dashboard_Covid19_France-395">[394]</a></sup> ranking fourth in number of confirmed cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoQ7-3_396-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoQ7-3-396">[395]</a></sup> In April, there were riots in some <a href="/wiki/Banlieue" title="Banlieue">Paris suburbs</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-washingtonpost9881111_397-0"><a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost9881111-397">[396]</a></sup> On 18 May, it was reported that schools in France had to close again after reopening, due to COVID-19 case flare-ups.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-iqGod_398-0"><a href="#cite_note-iqGod-398">[397]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 12 November, it was reported that France had become the worst-hit country by the COVID-19 pandemic, in all of Europe, in the process surpassing Russia. The new total of confirmed cases was more than 1.8 million and counting; additionally it was indicated by the French government that the national lockdown would remain in place.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-W4fOQ_399-0"><a href="#cite_note-W4fOQ-399">[398]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Italy">Italy</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">COVID-19 pandemic in Italy</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Emergenza_coronavirus_(49496308758).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1020" data-file-width="1361" decoding="async" height="165" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg/220px-Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg/330px-Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg/440px-Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Emergenza_coronavirus_(49496308758).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Protezione_Civile" title="Protezione Civile">Civil Protection</a> volunteers conduct health checks at the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi_Airport" title="Guglielmo Marconi Airport">Guglielmo Marconi Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> on 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>February 2020.</div></div></div><p>The outbreak was confirmed to have spread to Italy on 31 January 2020, when two Chinese tourists tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Rome.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Corriere_20Jan_248-1"><a href="#cite_note-Corriere_20Jan-248">[247]</a></sup> Cases began to rise sharply, which prompted the Italian government to suspend all flights to and from China and declare a state of emergency.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-thelocal-flight_400-0"><a href="#cite_note-thelocal-flight-400">[399]</a></sup> An unassociated cluster of COVID-19 cases was later detected, starting with 16 confirmed cases in <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> on 21 February 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ThomReut_IT_16cluster_21Feb_401-0"><a href="#cite_note-ThomReut_IT_16cluster_21Feb-401">[400]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 22 February 2020, the Council of Ministers announced a new decree-law to contain the outbreak, including quarantining more than 50,000 people from eleven different municipalities in northern Italy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-201_402-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-201-402">[401]</a></sup> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Giuseppe Conte</a> said, "In the outbreak areas, entry and exit will not be provided. Suspension of work activities and sports events has already been ordered in those areas."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-202_403-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-202-403">[402]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-203_404-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-203-404">[403]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 4 March 2020, the Italian government ordered the full closure of all schools and universities nationwide as Italy reached a hundred deaths. All major sporting events were to be held behind closed doors until April,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-gZcpG_405-0"><a href="#cite_note-gZcpG-405">[404]</a></sup> but on 9<span class="nowrap"> </span>March, all sport was suspended completely for at least one month.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kv4Ld_406-0"><a href="#cite_note-Kv4Ld-406">[405]</a></sup> On 11 March 2020, Prime Minister Conte ordered stoppage of nearly all commercial activity except supermarkets and pharmacies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SWDJe_407-0"><a href="#cite_note-SWDJe-407">[406]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1B1Ui_408-0"><a href="#cite_note-1B1Ui-408">[407]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2652" data-file-width="3976" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg/220px-Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg/330px-Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg/440px-Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An exhausted <a href="/wiki/Anesthesiology" title="Anesthesiology">anesthesiologist physician</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pesaro" title="Pesaro">Pesaro</a>, Italy, March 2020</div></div></div>
<p>On 6 March 2020, the Italian College of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) published <a href="/wiki/Medical_ethics" title="Medical ethics">medical ethics</a> recommendations regarding <a href="/wiki/Triage" title="Triage">triage</a> protocols.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ZtNSb_409-0"><a href="#cite_note-ZtNSb-409">[408]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dKNFI_410-0"><a href="#cite_note-dKNFI-410">[409]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-uSIDF_411-0"><a href="#cite_note-uSIDF-411">[410]</a></sup> On 19 March 2020, Italy overtook China as the country with the most COVID-19-related deaths in the world after reporting 3,405 fatalities from the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-To26Y_412-0"><a href="#cite_note-To26Y-412">[411]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ClzT6_413-0"><a href="#cite_note-ClzT6-413">[412]</a></sup> On 22 March 2020, it was reported that Russia had sent nine military planes with medical equipment to Italy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200323euractiv_414-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200323euractiv-414">[413]</a></sup> As of 28 March<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 3,532,057 confirmed cases, 107,933 deaths, and 2,850,889 recoveries in Italy, with a large number of those cases occurring in the Lombardy region.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_4-6"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-4">[4]</a></sup> A CNN report indicated that the combination of Italy's large elderly population and inability to test all who have the virus to date may be contributing to the high fatality rate.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PJt9i_415-0"><a href="#cite_note-PJt9i-415">[414]</a></sup> On 19 April 2020, it was reported that the country had its lowest deaths at 433 in seven days and some businesses were asking for a loosening of restrictions after six weeks of lockdown.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-thehill493586_416-0"><a href="#cite_note-thehill493586-416">[415]</a></sup>
On 13 October 2020, the Italian government again issued restrictive rules to contain a rise in infections.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-KhaW7_417-0"><a href="#cite_note-KhaW7-417">[416]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 11 November, it was reported that Silvestro Scotti, president of the Italian Federation of General Practitioners indicated that all of Italy should come under restrictions due to the spread of COVID-19. A couple of days prior Filippo Anelli, president of the National Federation of Doctor's Guilds (FNOMCEO) asked for a complete lockdown of the peninsular nation due to the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fe7MN_418-0"><a href="#cite_note-Fe7MN-418">[417]</a></sup> On the 10th, a day before, Italy surpassed 1 million confirmed COVID-19 cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8XEwk_419-0"><a href="#cite_note-8XEwk-419">[418]</a></sup> On 23 November, it was reported that the second wave of the virus has caused some hospitals in Italy to stop accepting patients.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-420"><a href="#cite_note-420">[419]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Spain">Spain</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">COVID-19 pandemic in Spain</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3096" data-file-width="4128" decoding="async" height="165" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg/220px-2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg/330px-2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg/440px-2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Residents of <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, Spain, maintaining social distancing while queueing (20 March 2020)</div></div></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<p>The virus was first confirmed to have spread to <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> on 31 January 2020, when a German tourist tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in <a href="/wiki/La_Gomera" title="La Gomera">La Gomera</a>, Canary Islands.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_SanidadConfirmaEnLaGomera_421-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_SanidadConfirmaEnLaGomera-421">[420]</a></sup> Post-hoc genetic analysis has shown that at least 15 strains of the virus had been imported, and <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)#Definition_and_related_terms" title="Transmission (medicine)">community transmission</a> began by mid-February.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_genetic_analysis_422-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_genetic_analysis-422">[421]</a></sup> By 13 March, cases had been confirmed in all 50 provinces of the country.
</p><p>A partially unconstitutional lockdown was imposed on 14 March 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-423"><a href="#cite_note-423">[422]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_:9_424-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_:9-424">[423]</a></sup> On 29 March, it was announced that, beginning the following day, all non-essential workers were ordered to remain at home for the next 14 days.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-425"><a href="#cite_note-425">[424]</a></sup> By late March, the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a> has recorded the most cases and deaths in the country. Medical professionals and those who live in retirement homes have experienced especially high infection rates.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_IrishTimes_426-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_IrishTimes-426">[425]</a></sup> On 25 March, the official death toll in Spain surpassed <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">that of mainland China</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-427"><a href="#cite_note-427">[426]</a></sup> On 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>April, 950 people died of the virus in a 24-hour period—at the time, the most by any country in a single day.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-428"><a href="#cite_note-428">[427]</a></sup> On 17 May, the daily death toll announced by the Spanish government fell below 100 for the first time,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-429"><a href="#cite_note-429">[428]</a></sup> and 1 June was the first day without deaths by COVID-19.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-430"><a href="#cite_note-430">[429]</a></sup> The state of alarm ended on 21 June.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_2020-06-22-elpais_431-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_2020-06-22-elpais-431">[430]</a></sup> However, the number of cases increased again in July in a number of cities including <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, which led to reimposition of some restrictions but no national lockdown.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_bbc25july_432-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_bbc25july-432">[431]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_elpais6aug_433-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_elpais6aug-433">[432]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_telegraph_aug16_434-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_telegraph_aug16-434">[433]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-435"><a href="#cite_note-435">[434]</a></sup>
</p><p>Studies have suggested that the number of infections and deaths may have been underestimated due to lack of testing and reporting, and many people with only mild or no symptoms were not tested.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-436"><a href="#cite_note-436">[435]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-437"><a href="#cite_note-437">[436]</a></sup> Reports in May suggested that, based on a sample of more than 63,000 people, the number of infections may be ten times higher than the number of confirmed cases by that date, and <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Madrid</a> and several provinces of <a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla–La Mancha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a> were the most affected areas with a percentage of infection greater than 10%.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_Europa_Press-20200513_438-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_Europa_Press-20200513-438">[437]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_Mundo-20200513_439-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_Mundo-20200513-439">[438]</a></sup> There may also be as many as 15,815 more deaths according to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Health (Spain)">Spanish Ministry of Health</a> monitoring system on daily <a href="/wiki/Mortality_displacement" title="Mortality displacement">excess mortality</a> (Sistema de Monitorización de la Mortalidad Diaria – MoMo).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_País-20200527_440-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_País-20200527-440">[439]</a></sup> On 6 July 2020, the results of a <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Government of Spain</a> nationwide seroprevalence study showed that about two million people, or 5.2% of the population, could have been infected during the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_RTVE-20200706_441-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_RTVE-20200706-441">[440]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_País-20200706_442-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_País-20200706-442">[441]</a></sup> Spain was the second country in Europe (behind Russia) to record half a million cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_half_million_443-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_half_million-443">[442]</a></sup> On 21 October, Spain passed 1 million COVID-19 cases, with 1,005,295 infections and 34,366 deaths reported, a third of which occurred in Madrid.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-444"><a href="#cite_note-444">[443]</a></sup>
</p>
As of September 2021, Spain is one of the countries with the highest percentage of its population vaccinated (76% fully vaccinated and 79% with the first dose),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-445"><a href="#cite_note-445">[444]</a></sup> while also being one of the countries more in favor of vaccines against COVID-19 (nearly 94% of its population is already vaccinated or wants to be). <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-446"><a href="#cite_note-446">[445]</a></sup></div></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Sweden">Sweden</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden">COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden</a></div>
<p>Sweden differed from most other European countries in that it mostly remained open.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT20200515_447-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYT20200515-447">[446]</a></sup> Per the Swedish Constitution, the <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Agency_of_Sweden" title="Public Health Agency of Sweden">Public Health Agency of Sweden</a> has autonomy which prevents political interference and the agency's policy favoured forgoing a lockdown. The Swedish strategy focused on measures that could be put in place over a longer period of time, based on the assumption that the virus would start spreading again after a shorter lockdown.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7ys2k_448-0"><a href="#cite_note-7ys2k-448">[447]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-I06mN_449-0"><a href="#cite_note-I06mN-449">[448]</a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> said that, as of May 2020, the outbreak had been far deadlier there but the economic impact had been reduced as Swedes have continued to go to work, restaurants, and shopping.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT20200515_447-1"><a href="#cite_note-NYT20200515-447">[446]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BloombergOpen_450-0"><a href="#cite_note-BloombergOpen-450">[449]</a></sup> On 19 May, it was reported that the country had in the week of 12–19 May the highest per capita deaths in Europe, 6.25 deaths per million per day.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-yahoo162855274_451-0"><a href="#cite_note-yahoo162855274-451">[450]</a></sup> In the end of June, Sweden no longer had <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Excess_mortality" title="Excess mortality">excess mortality</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HEUrz_452-0"><a href="#cite_note-HEUrz-452">[451]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom</a></div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_England" title="COVID-19 pandemic in England">COVID-19 pandemic in England</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland">COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland">COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wales">COVID-19 pandemic in Wales</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Wee_Annie,_Kempock_Street,_face_mask.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2877" data-file-width="2292" decoding="async" height="213" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg/170px-Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg/255px-Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg/340px-Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg 2x" width="170"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Wee_Annie,_Kempock_Street,_face_mask.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The "Wee Annie" statue in <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Gourock,_Scotland" title="Gourock, Scotland">Gourock</a>, Scotland, was given a face mask during the pandemic.</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">Devolution in the United Kingdom</a> meant that each of the four <a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">countries of the UK</a> had its own different response to COVID-19, and the UK government, on behalf of England, moved quicker to lift restrictions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8VnMf_453-0"><a href="#cite_note-8VnMf-453">[452]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">UK government</a> started enforcing social distancing and quarantine measures on 18 March 2020<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PkWGD_454-0"><a href="#cite_note-PkWGD-454">[453]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Pkx25_455-0"><a href="#cite_note-Pkx25-455">[454]</a></sup> and was criticised for a perceived lack of intensity in its response to concerns faced by the public.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-LlWkl_456-0"><a href="#cite_note-LlWkl-456">[455]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nsOiP_457-0"><a href="#cite_note-nsOiP-457">[456]</a></sup> On 16 March, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> advised against non-essential travel and social contact, suggesting people work from home and avoid venues such as pubs, restaurants, and theatres.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5Q93q_458-0"><a href="#cite_note-5Q93q-458">[457]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hYdUy_459-0"><a href="#cite_note-hYdUy-459">[458]</a></sup> On 20 March, the government ordered all leisure establishments to close as soon as possible,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dmBNt_460-0"><a href="#cite_note-dmBNt-460">[459]</a></sup> and promised to prevent unemployment.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mV2p3_461-0"><a href="#cite_note-mV2p3-461">[460]</a></sup> On 23 March, Johnson banned gatherings of multiple people and restricting non-essential travel and outdoor activity. Unlike previous measures, these restrictions were enforceable by police through fines and dispersal of gatherings. Most non-essential businesses were ordered to close.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc-pm-2403_462-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-pm-2403-462">[461]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 24 April, it was reported that a promising vaccine trial had begun in England; the government pledged more than £50 million towards research.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vKeXC_463-0"><a href="#cite_note-vKeXC-463">[462]</a></sup> A number of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">temporary critical care hospitals</a> were built.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200330nursingtimes_464-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200330nursingtimes-464">[463]</a></sup> The first operating was the 4,000-bed <a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital London">NHS Nightingale Hospital London</a>, constructed in just over nine days.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200403theguardian_465-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200403theguardian-465">[464]</a></sup> On 4<span class="nowrap"> </span>May, it was announced that it would be placed on standby and remaining patients transferred to other facilities;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc52531845_466-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52531845-466">[465]</a></sup> 51 patients had been treated in the first three weeks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc52448982_467-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52448982-467">[466]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 16 April, it was reported that the UK would have first access to the Oxford vaccine, due to a prior contract; should the trial be successful, some 30 million doses in the UK would be available.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Lbt4o_468-0"><a href="#cite_note-Lbt4o-468">[467]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 2 December, the UK became the first Western country to approve the Pfizer vaccine against the COVID-19 virus; 800,000 doses would be immediately available for use.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-469"><a href="#cite_note-469">[468]</a></sup> It was reported on 5 December, that the United Kingdom <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_programme_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 vaccination programme in the United Kingdom">would begin vaccination</a> against the virus on 8 December, less than a week after having been approved.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-470"><a href="#cite_note-470">[469]</a></sup> On 9 December, MHRA stated that any individual with a significant allergic reaction to a vaccine, such as an anaphylactoid reaction, should not take the Pfizer vaccine for COVID-19 protection.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-471"><a href="#cite_note-471">[470]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-472"><a href="#cite_note-472">[471]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="North_America">North America</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">COVID-19 pandemic in North America</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<p>The first cases in North America were reported in the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">United States</a> on 23 January 2020. Cases were reported in all North American countries after <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> confirmed a case on 25 March, and in all North American territories after <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bonaire" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bonaire">Bonaire</a> confirmed a case on 16 April.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America_FirstBonaire_local_473-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America_FirstBonaire_local-473">[472]</a></sup>
</p>
As of 24 May 2021, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">Canada</a> has reported 1,361,564 cases and 25,265 deaths,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-474"><a href="#cite_note-474">[473]</a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">Mexico</a> has reported 2,396,604 cases and 221,647 deaths.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-475"><a href="#cite_note-475">[474]</a></sup> The most cases by state is California with 3,778,711 cases and 62,945 deaths as of 24 May 2021.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-476"><a href="#cite_note-476">[475]</a></sup></div></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="United_States">United States</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic in the United States</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="4903" data-file-width="6905" decoding="async" height="156" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg/220px-USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg/330px-USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg/440px-USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The hospital ship <a href="/wiki/USNS_Comfort_(T-AH-20)" title="USNS Comfort (T-AH-20)">USNS <i>Comfort</i></a> arrives in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> on 30 March 2020.</div></div></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<p>45,400,466<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Template:COVID-19_data_477-0"><a href="#cite_note-Template:COVID-19_data-477">[476]</a></sup> confirmed cases have been reported in the United States with 735,373<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Template:COVID-19_data_477-1"><a href="#cite_note-Template:COVID-19_data-477">[476]</a></sup> deaths, the most of any country, and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">the twentieth-highest</a> per capita worldwide.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_JH_Mortality_478-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_JH_Mortality-478">[477]</a></sup> As many infections have gone undetected, the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC) estimated that, as of May 2021, there could be a total 120.2<span class="nowrap"> </span>million infections in the United States, or more than a third of the total population.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_CNN.Third_479-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_CNN.Third-479">[478]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_CDC-Estimated_480-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_CDC-Estimated-480">[479]</a></sup> COVID-19 is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_disasters_in_the_United_States_by_death_toll" title="List of disasters in the United States by death toll">deadliest pandemic in U.S. history</a>;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-481"><a href="#cite_note-481">[480]</a></sup> it was the third-leading cause of death in the U.S. in 2020, behind heart disease and cancer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-482"><a href="#cite_note-482">[481]</a></sup> From 2019 to 2020, U.S. life expectancy dropped by 3<span class="nowrap"> </span>years for Hispanic Americans, 2.9<span class="nowrap"> </span>years for African Americans, and 1.2<span class="nowrap"> </span>years for white Americans.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Bosman_483-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Bosman-483">[482]</a></sup> These effects have persisted as U.S. deaths due to COVID-19 in 2021 exceeded those in 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-484"><a href="#cite_note-484">[483]</a></sup>
</p><p>The first American case was reported on January 20, and President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> declared the U.S. outbreak a <a href="/wiki/Public_health_emergency_(United_States)" title="Public health emergency (United States)">public health emergency</a> on January 31. Restrictions were placed on flights arriving from China,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-485"><a href="#cite_note-485">[484]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_RobertsonApril15_486-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_RobertsonApril15-486">[485]</a></sup> but the initial U.S. response to the pandemic was otherwise slow, in terms of preparing the healthcare system, stopping other travel, and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 testing in the United States">testing</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-487"><a href="#cite_note-487">[486]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_:10_488-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_:10-488">[487]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-489"><a href="#cite_note-489">[488]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-491"><a href="#cite_note-491">[b]</a></sup>
</p><p>The first known American deaths occurred in February. On March 6, 2020, Trump allocated $8.3 billion to fight the outbreak and declared a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">national emergency</a> on March 13. The government also purchased large quantities of medical equipment, invoking the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Production_Act_of_1950" title="Defense Production Act of 1950">Defense Production Act of 1950</a> to assist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_WatsonMarch27_492-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_WatsonMarch27-492">[490]</a></sup> By mid-April, disaster declarations were made by all states and territories as they all had increasing cases. A second wave of infections began in June, following relaxed restrictions in several states, leading to daily cases surpassing 60,000. By mid-October, a third surge of cases began; there were over 200,000 new daily cases during parts of December 2020 and January 2021.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-493"><a href="#cite_note-493">[491]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-494"><a href="#cite_note-494">[492]</a></sup>
</p>
<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccines</a> became available in December 2020, under emergency use, beginning the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United States">national vaccination program</a>, with the first vaccine officially approved by the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration (FDA)</a> on August 23, 2021.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-495"><a href="#cite_note-495">[493]</a></sup> Studies have shown them to be highly protective against severe illness, hospitalization, and death. In comparison with fully vaccinated people, the CDC found that those who were not vaccinated were from 5 to nearly 30 times more likely to become either infected or hospitalized. There has nonetheless been some <a href="/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy" title="Vaccine hesitancy">vaccine hesitancy</a> for various reasons, although side effects are rare.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-496"><a href="#cite_note-496">[494]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-497"><a href="#cite_note-497">[495]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-498"><a href="#cite_note-498">[496]</a></sup> There have also been numerous reports that unvaccinated COVID-19 patients have <a href="/wiki/2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19" title="2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19">strained the capacity of hospitals throughout the country</a>, forcing many to turn away patients with life-threatening diseases.</div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="South_America">South America</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">COVID-19 pandemic in South America</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<p>The pandemic was confirmed to have reached South America on 26 February 2020 when Brazil confirmed a case in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-499"><a href="#cite_note-499">[497]</a></sup> By 3 April, all countries and territories in South America had recorded at least one case.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Stuff/Fairfax_500-0"><a href="#cite_note-Stuff/Fairfax-500">[498]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 13 May 2020, it was reported that Latin America and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> had reported over 400,000 cases of COVID-19 infection with, 23,091 deaths. On 22 May 2020, citing the rapid increase of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">infections in Brazil</a>, the WHO declared South America the epicentre of the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-501"><a href="#cite_note-501">[499]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-502"><a href="#cite_note-502">[500]</a></sup>
</p>
As of 16 July 2021, South America had recorded 34,359,631 confirmed cases and 1,047,229 deaths from COVID-19. Due to a shortage of testing and medical facilities, it is believed that the outbreak is far larger than the official numbers show.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-503"><a href="#cite_note-503">[501]</a></sup></div></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Brazil">Brazil</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:(2020.04.17)_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_(49784811813).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3037" data-file-width="4555" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg/220px-%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg/330px-%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg/440px-%282020.04.17%29_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_%2849784811813%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:(2020.04.17)_Higieniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entrada_esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_CPTM_(49784811813).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Disinfection of public area in <a href="/wiki/Itapevi" title="Itapevi">Itapevi</a>, Brazil.</div></div></div>
<p>On 20 May, it was reported that Brazil had a record 1,179 deaths in a single day, for a total of almost 18,000 fatalities. With a total number of almost 272,000 cases, Brazil became the country with the third-highest number of cases, following Russia and the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200520reuters_504-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200520reuters-504">[502]</a></sup> On 25 May, Brazil exceeded the number of reported cases in Russia when they reported that 11,687 new cases had been confirmed over the previous 24 hours, bringing the total number to over 374,800, with more than 23,400 deaths. President <a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a> has created controversy by referring to the virus as a "little flu" and frequently speaking out against preventive measures such as lockdowns and quarantines. His attitude towards the outbreak has been likened to that of former US President Trump, with Bolsonaro being called the "Trump of the Tropics".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9hz3E_505-0"><a href="#cite_note-9hz3E-505">[503]</a></sup> Bolsonaro later tested positive for the virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-D2hqe_506-0"><a href="#cite_note-D2hqe-506">[504]</a></sup>
</p><p>In June 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Brazil" title="Federal government of Brazil">government of Brazil</a> attempted to conceal the actual figures of the COVID-19 active cases and deaths, as it stopped publishing the total number of infections and deaths. On 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>June, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Brazil)" title="Ministry of Health (Brazil)">Brazil's health ministry</a> took down the official website reflecting the total numbers of infections and deaths. The website was live on 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>June, with only the number of infections of the previous 24 hours. The last official numbers reported about 615,000 infections and over 34,000 deaths.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-c803k_507-0"><a href="#cite_note-c803k-507">[505]</a></sup> On 15 June, it was reported that the worldwide cases had jumped from seven to eight million in one week, citing Latin America, specifically Brazil as one of the countries where cases are surging, in this case, towards 1 million cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-H8V6v_508-0"><a href="#cite_note-H8V6v-508">[506]</a></sup> Brazil briefly paused Phase III trials for the Coronavac COVID-19 vaccine on 10 November after the suicide of a volunteer before resuming on 11 November.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:4_509-0"><a href="#cite_note-:4-509">[507]</a></sup>
</p><p>By early 2021, the death toll had climbed to 231,534. The total number of cases on 7 February exceeded 9.5 million. The only countries with worse outbreaks were India and the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-510"><a href="#cite_note-510">[508]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Africa">Africa</span></h3>
<div class="excerpt"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">COVID-19 pandemic in Africa</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_(49829156488).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="4912" data-file-width="7360" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg/220px-Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg/330px-Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg/440px-Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_(49829156488).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">US Air Force</a> personnel unload a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">C-17</a> aircraft carrying approximately 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) of medical supplies in <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Niamey,_Niger" title="Niamey, Niger">Niamey, Niger</a>.</div></div></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<p>The pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Africa on 14 February 2020, with the first confirmed case announced in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt">Egypt</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_bbc_51509248_511-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_bbc_51509248-511">[509]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-512"><a href="#cite_note-512">[510]</a></sup> The first confirmed case in <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan Africa</a> was announced in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nigeria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria">Nigeria</a> at the end of February 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_bbc_51671834_513-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_bbc_51671834-513">[511]</a></sup> Within three months, the virus had spread throughout the continent, as Lesotho, the last African sovereign state to have remained free of the virus, reported a case on 13 May 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_reuters_idUSKBN22P1R4_514-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_reuters_idUSKBN22P1R4-514">[512]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_latimes.com_515-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_latimes.com-515">[513]</a></sup> By 26 May, it appeared that most African countries were experiencing community transmission, although testing capacity was limited.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20200526_africa_516-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20200526_africa-516">[514]</a></sup> Most of the identified imported cases arrived from Europe and the United States rather than from China where the virus originated.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_Africa_Braces_517-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_Africa_Braces-517">[515]</a></sup>
</p><p>In early June 2021, Africa faced a third wave of COVID infections with cases rising in 14 countries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20210607_third_518-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20210607_third-518">[516]</a></sup> By 4 July the continent recorded more than 251,000 new Covid cases, a 20% increase from the prior week and a 12% increase from the January peak. More than sixteen African countries, including Malawi and Senegal, recorded an uptick in new cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_Mendez_519-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_Mendez-519">[517]</a></sup> The World Health Organization labelled it Africa's 'Worst Pandemic Week Ever'.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-520"><a href="#cite_note-520">[518]</a></sup>
</p>
It is believed that there is widespread <a href="/wiki/Under-reporting" title="Under-reporting">under-reporting</a> in many African countries with less developed <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Healthcare_system" title="Healthcare system">healthcare systems</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20200502_somali_521-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa_theguardian_20200502_somali-521">[519]</a></sup> According to the autumn 2020 <a href="/wiki/Seroprevalence" title="Seroprevalence">seroprevalence</a> study in <a href="/wiki/Juba" title="Juba">Juba</a> in South Sudan, less than 1% of infected were actually reported.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-522"><a href="#cite_note-522">[520]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Oceania">Oceania</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<p>The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Oceania on 25 January 2020 with the first confirmed case reported in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Australia">Australia</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_AustraliaCase1_523-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_AustraliaCase1-523">[521]</a></sup> It has since spread elsewhere in the region,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_WHO_Dashboard_524-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_WHO_Dashboard-524">[522]</a></sup> although many small Pacific <a href="/wiki/Island_country" title="Island country">island nations</a> have thus far avoided the outbreak by closing their international borders. Three Oceania sovereign states (Nauru, Tonga, and Tuvalu) and one dependency (<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>) have yet to report a case. <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a> were praised for their handling of the pandemic in comparison to other Western nations, with New Zealand and each state in Australia wiping out all community transmission of the virus several times even after re-introduction in the community.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_reuters-oz-10days_525-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_reuters-oz-10days-525">[523]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_bloomberg-oz-tassie-price_526-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_bloomberg-oz-tassie-price-526">[524]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-527"><a href="#cite_note-527">[525]</a></sup>
</p>
However, by August 2021, the Australian states of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> had conceded defeat in their eradication efforts.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In early October 2021, New Zealand also abandoned its elimination strategy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_The_Guardian_NZ_abandons_elimination_528-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_The_Guardian_NZ_abandons_elimination-528">[526]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_NZH_NZ_abandons_elimination_529-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_NZH_NZ_abandons_elimination-529">[527]</a></sup></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Antarctica">Antarctica</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
Due to its remoteness and sparse population, <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> was the last <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a> to have confirmed cases of COVID-19 and was one of the last regions of the world affected directly by the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica_:0_530-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica_:0-530">[528]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-531"><a href="#cite_note-531">[529]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-532"><a href="#cite_note-532">[530]</a></sup> The first cases were reported in December 2020, almost a year after the first cases of COVID-19 were detected in China. At least 36 people are confirmed to have been infected.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica_:2_533-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica_:2-533">[531]</a></sup></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="International_responses">International responses</span></h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg"><img alt="Workers unloading boxes of medical supplies at Villamor Air Base" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="900" data-file-width="1350" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg/220px-China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg/330px-China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg/440px-China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Donated medical supplies received in the Philippines</div></div></div>
<p>The COVID-19 pandemic shook the world's economy, with especially severe economic damage in the United States, Europe, and Latin America.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-534"><a href="#cite_note-534">[532]</a></sup> A consensus report by American intelligence agencies in April 2021 concluded, "Efforts to contain and manage the virus have reinforced nationalist trends globally, as some states turned inward to protect their citizens and sometimes cast blame on marginalized groups." Furthermore, COVID-19 has inflamed partisanship and polarisation around the world as bitter arguments explode over whom to scapegoat and whom to help first. The risks include further disruption of international trade and the formation of no-entry enclaves.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-535"><a href="#cite_note-535">[533]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Travel_restrictions">Travel restrictions</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<p>As a result of the pandemic, many countries and regions imposed quarantines, entry bans, or other restrictions, either for citizens, recent travellers to affected areas,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200326nytimes_536-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200326nytimes-536">[534]</a></sup> or for all travellers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kh5YZ_537-0"><a href="#cite_note-Kh5YZ-537">[535]</a></sup> Together with a decreased willingness to travel, this had a <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">negative economic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">social impact</a> on the travel sector. Concerns have been raised over the effectiveness of travel restrictions to contain the spread of COVID-19.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200224nationalgeographic_538-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200224nationalgeographic-538">[536]</a></sup> A study in <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i> found that travel restrictions had only modestly affected the initial spread of COVID-19, unless combined with <a href="/wiki/Infection_prevention_and_control" title="Infection prevention and control">infection prevention and control</a> measures to considerably reduce transmissions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DJYtB_539-0"><a href="#cite_note-DJYtB-539">[537]</a></sup> Researchers concluded that "travel restrictions are most useful in the early and late phase of an epidemic" and "restrictions of travel from Wuhan unfortunately came too late".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-283GD_540-0"><a href="#cite_note-283GD-540">[538]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> rejected the idea of suspending the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">Schengen free travel zone</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dw52497811_541-0"><a href="#cite_note-dw52497811-541">[539]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200313euractiv_542-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200313euractiv-542">[540]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Evacuation_of_foreign_citizens">Evacuation of foreign citizens</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="804" data-file-width="1280" decoding="async" height="138" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg/220px-Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg/330px-Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg/440px-Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Ukraine evacuates Ukrainian and foreign citizens from <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, China</div></div></div>
<p>Owing to the effective lockdown of Wuhan and Hubei, several countries evacuated their citizens and diplomatic staff from the area, primarily through <a href="/wiki/Air_charter" title="Air charter">chartered flights</a> of the home nation, with Chinese authorities providing clearance. Canada, the United States, Japan, India,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FLdHv_543-0"><a href="#cite_note-FLdHv-543">[541]</a></sup> Sri Lanka, Australia, France, Argentina, Germany, and Thailand were among the first to plan the evacuation of their citizens.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-169_544-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-169-544">[542]</a></sup> Brazil and New Zealand also evacuated their own nationals and some other people.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-171_545-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-171-545">[543]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6l9jG_546-0"><a href="#cite_note-6l9jG-546">[544]</a></sup> On 14 March 2020, South Africa repatriated 112 South Africans who tested negative for the virus from Wuhan, while four who showed symptoms were left behind to mitigate risk.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-auto3_547-0"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-547">[545]</a></sup> Pakistan said it would not evacuate citizens from China.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200131dialoguepakistan_548-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200131dialoguepakistan-548">[546]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 15 February 2020, the US announced it would evacuate Americans aboard the cruise ship <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Diamond_Princess_outbreak" title="Diamond Princess outbreak">Diamond Princess</a></i>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-174_549-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-174-549">[547]</a></sup> and on 21 February, Canada evacuated 129 Canadian passengers from the ship.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-175_550-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-175-550">[548]</a></sup> In early March, the Indian government began evacuating its citizens from Iran.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-czjOG_551-0"><a href="#cite_note-czjOG-551">[549]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-indiatimes74647353_552-0"><a href="#cite_note-indiatimes74647353-552">[550]</a></sup> On 20 March, the United States began to partially withdraw its troops from Iraq due to the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-USWithdraw_553-0"><a href="#cite_note-USWithdraw-553">[551]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="United_Nations_response_measures">United Nations response measures</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic">United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<p>In June 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General of the United Nations</a> launched the "UN Comprehensive Response to COVID-19".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Krm4a_554-0"><a href="#cite_note-Krm4a-554">[552]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</a> (UNSC) has been criticised for a slow coordinated response, especially regarding the UN's <a href="/wiki/Global_ceasefire" title="Global ceasefire">global ceasefire</a>, which aims to open up humanitarian access to the world's most vulnerable in conflict zones.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:22_555-0"><a href="#cite_note-:22-555">[553]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="WHO_response_measures">WHO response measures</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic">World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="639" data-file-width="1050" decoding="async" height="134" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg/220px-13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg/330px-13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg/440px-13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> representatives holding joint meeting with <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> city administrators in March 2020</div></div></div>
<p>The WHO is a leading organisation involved in the global coordination for mitigating the pandemic.
</p><p>The WHO has spearheaded several initiatives like the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Solidarity_Response_Fund" title="COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund">COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund</a> to raise money for the pandemic response, the <a href="/wiki/UN_COVID-19_Supply_Chain_Task_Force" title="UN COVID-19 Supply Chain Task Force">UN COVID-19 Supply Chain Task Force</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_trial" title="Solidarity trial">solidarity trial</a> for investigating potential treatment options for the disease. The WHO's <a href="/wiki/COVAX" title="COVAX">COVAX</a> vaccine-sharing program aims to distribute 2 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccine for free or at a reduced cost by the end of 2021, and has begun distributing them.
</p>
The WHO's handling of the initial outbreak of the pandemic has required a "diplomatic balancing act" between member states, in particular between the United States and China. On August 27, the WHO announced the setting up of an independent expert Review Committee to examine aspects of the international treaty that governs preparedness and response to health emergencies. A WHO-led international mission arrived in China in January 2021 to <a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">investigate the origins of the COVID-19 pandemic</a> and released preliminary findings in February 2021.</div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Protests_against_governmental_measures">Protests against governmental measures</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<p>In several countries, protests have risen against governmental restrictive responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as lockdowns. A February 2021 study found that large protest rallies against COVID-19 measures are likely to directly increase the spread of viruses, including COVID-19.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-556"><a href="#cite_note-556">[554]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Impact">Impact</span></h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Economics">Economics</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">on science and technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">on financial markets</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">2020 stock market crash</a>, and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">COVID-19 recession</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:292px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="378" data-file-width="504" decoding="async" height="218" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg/290px-Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg/435px-Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg/580px-Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg.png 2x" width="290"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Stock-indices-2020crash%2Brecovery.svg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Stock_index" title="Stock index">stock index</a> chart shows the <a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">2020 stock market crash</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>The outbreak is a major destabilising threat to the global economy. One estimate from an expert at <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a> gave a $300+<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion impact on the world's supply chain that could last up to two years.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-268_557-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-268-557">[555]</a></sup> Global stock markets fell on 24 February due to a significant rise in the number of COVID-19 cases outside China.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-270_558-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-270-558">[556]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-271_559-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-271-559">[557]</a></sup> On 27 February, due to mounting worries about the COVID-19 outbreak, US stock indexes posted their sharpest falls since 2008, with the <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow</a> falling 1,191 points (the largest one-day drop since the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308" title="Financial crisis of 2007–08">financial crisis of 2007–08</a>)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-S6DVx_560-0"><a href="#cite_note-S6DVx-560">[558]</a></sup> and all three major indexes ending the week down more than 10 per cent.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-U7teI_561-0"><a href="#cite_note-U7teI-561">[559]</a></sup> On 28 February, Scope Ratings GmbH affirmed China's sovereign credit rating but maintained a Negative Outlook.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NRWqJ_562-0"><a href="#cite_note-NRWqJ-562">[560]</a></sup> Stocks plunged again due to COVID-19 fears, the largest fall being on 16 March.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-m0beI_563-0"><a href="#cite_note-m0beI-563">[561]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_of_London" title="Lloyd's of London">Lloyd's of London</a> estimated that the global insurance industry will absorb losses of US$204 billion, exceeding the losses from the <a href="/wiki/2017_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2017 Atlantic hurricane season">2017 Atlantic hurricane season</a> and <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">11 September attacks</a>, suggesting the COVID-19 pandemic will likely go down in history as the costliest disaster ever in human history.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jJAfD_564-0"><a href="#cite_note-jJAfD-564">[562]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto,_March_2020_(cropped).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1654" data-file-width="2493" decoding="async" height="146" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto,_March_2020_(cropped).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A highway sign in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> discouraging non-essential travel in March 2020</div></div></div>
<p>Tourism is one of the worst affected sectors due to travel bans, closing of public places including travel attractions, and advice of governments against travel. Numerous airlines have cancelled flights due to lower demand, and British regional airline <a href="/wiki/Flybe" title="Flybe">Flybe</a> collapsed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-z2VrM_565-0"><a href="#cite_note-z2VrM-565">[563]</a></sup> The cruise line industry was hard hit,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-smh20200227_566-0"><a href="#cite_note-smh20200227-566">[564]</a></sup> and several train stations and ferry ports have also been closed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wnn7L_567-0"><a href="#cite_note-wnn7L-567">[565]</a></sup> International mail between some countries stopped or was delayed due to reduced transportation between them or suspension of domestic service.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wsj1158868721_568-0"><a href="#cite_note-wsj1158868721-568">[566]</a></sup>
</p><p>The retail sector has been impacted globally, with reductions in store hours or temporary closures.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4QUSL_569-0"><a href="#cite_note-4QUSL-569">[567]</a></sup> Visits to retailers in Europe and Latin America declined by 40 per cent. North America and Middle East retailers saw a 50–60 per cent drop.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200402aislelabs_570-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200402aislelabs-570">[568]</a></sup> This also resulted in a 33–43 per cent drop in foot traffic to shopping centres in March compared to February. Shopping mall operators around the world imposed additional measures, such as increased sanitation, installation of thermal scanners to check the temperature of shoppers, and cancellation of events.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-J6Y6Z_571-0"><a href="#cite_note-J6Y6Z-571">[569]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_(49935630543).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3640" data-file-width="5165" decoding="async" height="155" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg/220px-Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg/330px-Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg/440px-Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_%2849935630543%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Memorial_Day_2020_-_San_Francisco_Under_Quarantine_(49935630543).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A socially distanced homeless encampment in San Francisco, California, in May 2020</div></div></div>
<p>Hundreds of millions of jobs could be lost globally.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aljazeera2004271718_572-0"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2004271718-572">[570]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200506csmonitor_573-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200506csmonitor-573">[571]</a></sup> More than 40 million Americans <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Unemployment in the United States">lost their jobs</a> and filed <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Unemployment_insurance" title="Unemployment insurance">unemployment insurance</a> claims.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200528WaPo_574-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200528WaPo-574">[572]</a></sup> The economic impact and mass unemployment caused by the pandemic has raised fears of a mass <a href="/wiki/Eviction_in_the_United_States" title="Eviction in the United States">eviction crisis</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CvJoN_575-0"><a href="#cite_note-CvJoN-575">[573]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DqnOV_576-0"><a href="#cite_note-DqnOV-576">[574]</a></sup> with an analysis by the <a href="/wiki/Aspen_Institute" title="Aspen Institute">Aspen Institute</a> indicating between 30 and 40 million Americans are at risk for eviction by the end of 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BPAdu_577-0"><a href="#cite_note-BPAdu-577">[575]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DuTwi_578-0"><a href="#cite_note-DuTwi-578">[576]</a></sup> According to a report by <a href="/wiki/Yelp" title="Yelp">Yelp</a>, about 60% of US businesses that have closed since the start of the pandemic will stay shut permanently.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vLHxV_579-0"><a href="#cite_note-vLHxV-579">[577]</a></sup>
</p><p>According to a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean">United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America</a> estimate, the pandemic-induced recession could leave 14–22 million more people in <a href="/wiki/Extreme_poverty" title="Extreme poverty">extreme poverty</a> in Latin America than would have been in that situation without the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200403elpais_580-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200403elpais-580">[578]</a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, up to 100 million more people globally could fall into extreme poverty due to the shutdowns.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Extreme_poverty_1_581-0"><a href="#cite_note-Extreme_poverty_1-581">[579]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Extreme_poverty_3_582-0"><a href="#cite_note-Extreme_poverty_3-582">[580]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a> (ILO) informed that the income generated in the first nine months of 2020 from work across the world dropped by 10.7 per cent, or $3.5 trillion, amidst the COVID-19 outbreak.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rd8bm_583-0"><a href="#cite_note-rd8bm-583">[581]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Supply_shortages">Supply shortages</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Ntuc_super_store,_Singapore_(49505410793).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3024" data-file-width="4032" decoding="async" height="165" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg/220px-Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg/330px-Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg/440px-Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Ntuc_super_store,_Singapore_(49505410793).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>COVID-19 fears have led to panic buying of essentials across the world, including <a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper" title="Toilet paper">toilet paper</a>, dried and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Instant_noodles" title="Instant noodles">instant noodles</a>, bread, rice, vegetables, disinfectant, and <a href="/wiki/Rubbing_alcohol" title="Rubbing alcohol">rubbing alcohol</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>The outbreak has been blamed for several instances of <a href="/wiki/Shortage" title="Shortage">supply shortages</a>, stemming from globally increased usage of equipment to fight outbreaks, panic buying (which in several places led to shelves being cleared of grocery essentials such as food, toilet paper, and bottled water), and disruption to factory and logistic operations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-XvcU9_584-0"><a href="#cite_note-XvcU9-584">[582]</a></sup> The spread of panic buying has been found to stem from perceived threat, perceived scarcity, fear of the unknown, coping behaviour and social psychological factors (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Social_influence" title="Social influence">social influence</a> and trust).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cSvA4_585-0"><a href="#cite_note-cSvA4-585">[583]</a></sup> The technology industry, in particular, has warned of delays to shipments of electronic goods.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-263_586-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-263-586">[584]</a></sup> According to the WHO director-general <a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom" title="Tedros Adhanom">Tedros Adhanom</a>, demand for personal protection equipment has risen a hundredfold, leading to prices up to twenty times the normal price and also delays in the supply of medical items of four to six months.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-275_587-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-275-587">[585]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-276_588-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-276-588">[586]</a></sup> It has also caused a shortage of personal protective equipment worldwide, with the WHO warning that this will endanger health workers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mycfo_589-0"><a href="#cite_note-Mycfo-589">[587]</a></sup>
</p><p>The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak was worldwide. The virus created a shortage of <a href="/wiki/Precursor_(chemistry)" title="Precursor (chemistry)">precursors</a> (raw material) used in the manufacturing of <a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">fentanyl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">methamphetamine</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DSstandaard_590-0"><a href="#cite_note-DSstandaard-590">[588]</a></sup> Price increases and shortages in these illegal drugs have been noticed on the streets of the UK.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Guardian_591-0"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-591">[589]</a></sup>
</p><p>The pandemic has disrupted global <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food supplies</a> and threatens to trigger a new <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Food_crisis" title="Food crisis">food crisis</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200414foreignpolicy_592-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200414foreignpolicy-592">[590]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aljazeera2004211359_593-0"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2004211359-593">[591]</a></sup> In April 2020, David Beasley, head of the <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> (WFP), said "we could be facing multiple <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famines</a> of biblical proportions within a short few months."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc52373888_594-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52373888-594">[592]</a></sup> Senior officials at the United Nations estimated in April 2020 that an additional 130 million people could <a href="/wiki/Starvation" title="Starvation">starve</a>, for a total of 265 million by the end of 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc52373888_594-1"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52373888-594">[592]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200421un_595-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200421un-595">[593]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200422nytimes_596-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200422nytimes-596">[594]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Oil_and_other_energy_markets">Oil and other energy markets</span></h4>
<p>In early February 2020, <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries</a> (OPEC) "scrambled" after a steep decline in <a href="/wiki/Price_of_oil" title="Price of oil">oil prices</a> due to lower demand from China.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-269_597-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-269-597">[595]</a></sup> On Monday, 20 April, the price of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) went negative and fell to a record low (minus $37.63 a barrel) due to traders' offloading holdings so as not to take delivery and incur storage costs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC,_US_oil_prices,_21_April_2020_598-0"><a href="#cite_note-BBC,_US_oil_prices,_21_April_2020-598">[596]</a></sup> June prices were down but in the positive range, with a barrel of West Texas trading above $20.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC,_US_oil_prices,_21_April_2020_598-1"><a href="#cite_note-BBC,_US_oil_prices,_21_April_2020-598">[596]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Culture">Culture</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_events_affected_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic">List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg"><img alt="A man wearing purple vestments and standing at an altar uses a mobile phone camera to record himself. Empty pews are visible in the background." class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1500" data-file-width="2100" decoding="async" height="157" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg/220px-Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg/330px-Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg/440px-Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An American Catholic military chaplain prepares for a live-streamed <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> in an empty chapel at <a href="/wiki/Offutt_Air_Force_Base" title="Offutt Air Force Base">Offutt Air Force Base</a> in March 2020</div></div></div>
<p>The performing arts and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage_sector" title="Cultural heritage sector">cultural heritage sectors</a> have been profoundly affected by the pandemic, impacting organisations' operations as well as individuals—both employed and independent—globally. By March 2020, across the world and to varying degrees, museums, libraries, performance venues, and other cultural institutions had been indefinitely closed with their exhibitions, events and performances cancelled or postponed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-v5Qlx_599-0"><a href="#cite_note-v5Qlx-599">[597]</a></sup> Some services continued through digital platforms,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ZljIY_600-0"><a href="#cite_note-ZljIY-600">[598]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Burke2020_601-0"><a href="#cite_note-Burke2020-601">[599]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SxIEK_602-0"><a href="#cite_note-SxIEK-602">[600]</a></sup> such as live streaming concerts<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SZ5Mc_603-0"><a href="#cite_note-SZ5Mc-603">[601]</a></sup> or web-based arts festivals.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mYlLn_604-0"><a href="#cite_note-mYlLn-604">[602]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Politics">Politics</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics</a></div>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg"><img alt="Meeting of the Italian government task force to face the coronavirus outbreak, 23 February 2020" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1133" data-file-width="1700" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg/220px-2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg/330px-2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg/440px-2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An <a href="/wiki/Conte_II_Cabinet" title="Conte II Cabinet">Italian government</a> task force meets to discuss COVID-19 in February 2020</div></div></div>
<p>The pandemic has affected the political systems of multiple countries, causing suspensions of legislative activities,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200313nationalpost_605-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200313nationalpost-605">[603]</a></sup> isolations or deaths of multiple politicians,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200318foreignpolicy_606-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200318foreignpolicy-606">[604]</a></sup> and rescheduling of elections due to fears of spreading the virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200427nytimes_607-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200427nytimes-607">[605]</a></sup>
</p><p>Although they have broad support among epidemiologists, social distancing measures have been politically controversial in many countries. Intellectual opposition to social distancing has come primarily from writers of other fields, although there are a few heterodox epidemiologists.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-74OHE_608-0"><a href="#cite_note-74OHE-608">[606]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 23 March 2020, United Nations Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres</a> issued an appeal for a global ceasefire in response to the pandemic;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tFb4N_609-0"><a href="#cite_note-tFb4N-609">[607]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-lzoeV_610-0"><a href="#cite_note-lzoeV-610">[608]</a></sup> 172 UN Member States and Observers signed a non-binding statement in support of the appeal in June,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AGhvz_611-0"><a href="#cite_note-AGhvz-611">[609]</a></sup> and the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a> passed a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2532" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2532">resolution</a> supporting it in July.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9rN79_612-0"><a href="#cite_note-9rN79-612">[610]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nJTuX_613-0"><a href="#cite_note-nJTuX-613">[611]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="China_2">China</span></h4>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations#COVID-19" title="China–United States relations">China–United States relations § COVID-19</a></div>
<p>The government of China has been criticised by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">United States</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200311foreignpolicy_614-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200311foreignpolicy-614">[612]</a></sup> the UK Minister for the Cabinet Office <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Michael Gove</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-xmEit_615-0"><a href="#cite_note-xmEit-615">[613]</a></sup> and others<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200319bloomberg_616-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200319bloomberg-616">[614]</a></sup> for its handling of the pandemic. A number of provincial-level administrators of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" title="Communist Party of China">Communist Party of China</a> were dismissed over their handling of the quarantine measures in China, a sign of discontent with their response to the outbreak. Some commentators believed this move was intended to protect CCP <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party">general secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> from the controversy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vLpPa_617-0"><a href="#cite_note-vLpPa-617">[615]</a></sup> The <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/US_intelligence_community" title="US intelligence community">US intelligence community</a> claims China intentionally under-reported its number of COVID-19 cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200402nytimes_618-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200402nytimes-618">[616]</a></sup> The Chinese government maintains it has acted swiftly and transparently.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hMc3w_619-0"><a href="#cite_note-hMc3w-619">[617]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NF0y6_620-0"><a href="#cite_note-NF0y6-620">[618]</a></sup> However, journalists and activists who have reported on the pandemic have been detained by authorities,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-621"><a href="#cite_note-621">[619]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-622"><a href="#cite_note-622">[620]</a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zhan" title="Zhang Zhan">Zhang Zhan</a>, who was arrested and tortured for reporting on the pandemic and the detainment of other independent journalists.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-623"><a href="#cite_note-623">[621]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-624"><a href="#cite_note-624">[622]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-625"><a href="#cite_note-625">[623]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Italy_2">Italy</span></h4>
<p>In early March, the Italian government criticised the EU's lack of solidarity with COVID-19-affected Italy<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Y27Kh_626-0"><a href="#cite_note-Y27Kh-626">[624]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-91jge_627-0"><a href="#cite_note-91jge-627">[625]</a></sup>—Maurizio Massari, Italy's ambassador to the EU, said "only China responded bilaterally", not the EU.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-politico-corona_628-0"><a href="#cite_note-politico-corona-628">[626]</a></sup> On 22 March, after a phone call with Italian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Giuseppe Conte</a>, Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> had the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian army</a> send military medics, disinfection vehicles, and other medical equipment to Italy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-reuters219081_629-0"><a href="#cite_note-reuters219081-629">[627]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Lombardy" title="President of Lombardy">President of Lombardy</a> <a href="/wiki/Attilio_Fontana" title="Attilio Fontana">Attilio Fontana</a> and Italian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Di_Maio" title="Luigi Di Maio">Luigi Di Maio</a> expressed their gratitude for the aid.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200328insideover_630-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200328insideover-630">[628]</a></sup> Russia also sent a cargo plane with medical aid to the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200401themoscowtimes_631-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200401themoscowtimes-631">[629]</a></sup> Kremlin spokesman <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Peskov" title="Dmitry Peskov">Dmitry Peskov</a> said "when offering assistance to US colleagues, [Putin] assumes that when US manufacturers of medical equipment and materials gain momentum, they will also be able to reciprocate if necessary."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aljazeera2004010659_632-0"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2004010659-632">[630]</a></sup>
In early April, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and EU states like <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> started to offer help by sending medical personnel and disinfectant,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-eumedicalteams_633-0"><a href="#cite_note-eumedicalteams-633">[631]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> offered an official apology to the country.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-euapology_634-0"><a href="#cite_note-euapology-634">[632]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="United_States_2">United States</span></h4>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_(49799974031).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1450" data-file-width="1997" decoding="async" height="160" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg/220px-Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg/330px-Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg/440px-Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_(49799974031).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Several hundred anti-lockdown protesters rallied at the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Statehouse" title="Ohio Statehouse">Ohio Statehouse</a> on 20 April 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Columbus_Dispatch_635-0"><a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Dispatch-635">[633]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>The outbreak prompted calls for the United States to adopt social policies common in other wealthy countries, including <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Universal_child_care" title="Universal child care">universal child care</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Paid_sick_leave" title="Paid sick leave">paid sick leave</a>, and higher levels of funding for public health.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT_Calls_636-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Calls-636">[634]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hill5_637-0"><a href="#cite_note-Hill5-637">[635]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ddn2P_638-0"><a href="#cite_note-Ddn2P-638">[636]</a></sup> Political analysts believe it may have contributed to Donald Trump's loss in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TrumpChances_639-0"><a href="#cite_note-TrumpChances-639">[637]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AtlanticChances_640-0"><a href="#cite_note-AtlanticChances-640">[638]</a></sup> Beginning in mid-April 2020, there were <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_United_States_anti-lockdown_protests" title="2020–2021 United States anti-lockdown protests">protests</a> in several US states against government-imposed business closures and restricted personal movement and association.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5YqAF_641-0"><a href="#cite_note-5YqAF-641">[639]</a></sup> Simultaneously, protests ensued by <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Essential_worker" title="Essential worker">essential workers</a> in the form of a <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/2020_United_States_essential_workers_general_strike" title="2020 United States essential workers general strike">general strike</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-c114M_642-0"><a href="#cite_note-c114M-642">[640]</a></sup> In early October 2020, Donald Trump, his family members, and many other government officials <a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak" title="White House COVID-19 outbreak">were diagnosed with COVID-19</a>, further disrupting the country's politics.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EVG4L_643-0"><a href="#cite_note-EVG4L-643">[641]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_countries">Other countries</span></h4>
<p>The planned <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> "<a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_exercises" title="List of NATO exercises">Defender 2020</a>" military exercise in Germany, Poland, and the Baltic states, the largest NATO war exercise since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, was held on a reduced scale.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200320spectator_644-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200320spectator-644">[642]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200319reuters_645-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200319reuters-645">[643]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament" title="Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament">Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament</a>'s general secretary <a href="/wiki/Kate_Hudson_(activist)" title="Kate Hudson (activist)">Kate Hudson</a> criticised the exercise, saying "it jeopardises the lives not only of the troops from the US and the many European countries participating but the inhabitants of the countries in which they are operating."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200318morningstaronline_646-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200318morningstaronline-646">[644]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Iranian government has been heavily affected by the virus, with about two dozen parliament members and political figures infected.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-D2Xpc_348-1"><a href="#cite_note-D2Xpc-348">[347]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nmEQ5_647-0"><a href="#cite_note-nmEQ5-647">[645]</a></sup> Iran's President Hassan Rouhani wrote a public letter to world leaders asking for help on 14 March 2020, saying they were struggling to fight the outbreak due to a lack of access to international markets from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_sanctions_against_Iran" title="United States sanctions against Iran">United States sanctions against Iran</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-u2rRX_648-0"><a href="#cite_note-u2rRX-648">[646]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, which launched a <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">military intervention in Yemen</a> in March 2015, declared a ceasefire.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200409foreignpolicy_649-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200409foreignpolicy-649">[647]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Japan–South Korea relations">Diplomatic relations between Japan and South Korea</a> worsened due to the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-z8lBE_650-0"><a href="#cite_note-z8lBE-650">[648]</a></sup> South Korea criticised Japan's "ambiguous and passive quarantine efforts" after Japan announced anyone coming from South Korea would be placed in quarantine for two weeks at government-designated sites.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-HnqN4_651-0"><a href="#cite_note-HnqN4-651">[649]</a></sup> South Korean society was initially polarised on President Moon Jae-in's response to the crisis; many Koreans signed petitions either calling for Moon's <a href="/wiki/Impeachment" title="Impeachment">impeachment</a> or praising his response.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-imx38_373-1"><a href="#cite_note-imx38-373">[372]</a></sup>
</p><p>Some countries have passed emergency legislation in response to the pandemic. Some commentators have expressed concern that it could allow governments to strengthen their grip on power.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200331theguardian_652-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200331theguardian-652">[650]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200330nytimes_653-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200330nytimes-653">[651]</a></sup> In the Philippines, lawmakers granted president <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> temporary emergency powers during the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-abcnews-censorship_654-0"><a href="#cite_note-abcnews-censorship-654">[652]</a></sup> In Hungary, the parliament voted to allow the prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a>, to rule by decree indefinitely, suspend parliament as well as elections, and punish those deemed to have spread false information about the virus and the government's handling of the crisis.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200330cnn_655-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200330cnn-655">[653]</a></sup> In some countries, including <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dw53009293_656-0"><a href="#cite_note-dw53009293-656">[654]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200401foreignpolicy_657-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200401foreignpolicy-657">[655]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-abcnews-censorship_654-1"><a href="#cite_note-abcnews-censorship-654">[652]</a></sup> opposition activists and government critics have been <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Efforts_to_combat_misinformation" title="Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic">arrested</a> for allegedly spreading <a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">fake news</a> about the COVID-19 pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200410straitstimes_658-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200410straitstimes-658">[656]</a></sup>
</p><p>In India, journalists criticising the government's response were arrested or issued warnings by police and authorities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-659"><a href="#cite_note-659">[657]</a></sup> Rates of imprisoned or detained journalists increased worldwide, with some being related to the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-660"><a href="#cite_note-660">[658]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-661"><a href="#cite_note-661">[659]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Agriculture_and_food_systems">Agriculture and food systems</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<p>The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted agricultural and food systems worldwide.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:9_662-0"><a href="#cite_note-:9-662">[660]</a></sup> COVID-19 hit at a time when hunger or undernourishment was once again on the rise in the world, with an estimated 690 million people already going hungry in 2019.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:10_663-0"><a href="#cite_note-:10-663">[661]</a></sup> Based on the latest UN estimates, the economic recession triggered by the pandemic may lead to another 83 million people, and possibly as many as 132 million, going hungry in 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:10_663-1"><a href="#cite_note-:10-663">[661]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-M3hAF_664-0"><a href="#cite_note-M3hAF-664">[662]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6HCSA_665-0"><a href="#cite_note-6HCSA-665">[663]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-XRNlH_666-0"><a href="#cite_note-XRNlH-666">[664]</a></sup> This is mainly due to a lack of access to food – linked to falling incomes, lost remittances and, in some cases, a rise in food prices. In countries that already suffer from high levels of acute food insecurity, it is no longer an issue of access to food alone, but increasingly also one of food production.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:9_662-1"><a href="#cite_note-:9-662">[660]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:10_663-2"><a href="#cite_note-:10-663">[661]</a></sup>
</p><p>The pandemic, alongside lockdowns and travel restrictions, has prevented movement of aid and greatly impacted food production. As a result, several famines are forecast, which the UN called a crisis "of biblical proportions,"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fiona_Harvey_Environment_667-0"><a href="#cite_note-Fiona_Harvey_Environment-667">[665]</a></sup> or "hunger pandemic."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aX3dG_668-0"><a href="#cite_note-aX3dG-668">[666]</a></sup> It is estimated that without intervention 30 million people may die of hunger, with <a href="/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a> reporting that "12,000 people per day could die from COVID-19 linked hunger" by the end of 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:Oxfam_12000_669-0"><a href="#cite_note-:Oxfam_12000-669">[667]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fiona_Harvey_Environment_667-1"><a href="#cite_note-Fiona_Harvey_Environment-667">[665]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-M756t_670-0"><a href="#cite_note-M756t-670">[668]</a></sup>
This pandemic, in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932021_locust_infestation" title="2019–2021 locust infestation">2019–2021 locust infestations</a> and several <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="Ongoing armed conflicts">ongoing armed conflicts</a>, is predicted to form the worst series of famines since the <a href="/wiki/Great_Chinese_Famine" title="Great Chinese Famine">Great Chinese Famine</a>, affecting between 10 and 20 per cent of the global population in some way.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-drZJx_671-0"><a href="#cite_note-drZJx-671">[669]</a></sup>
55 countries are reported to be at risk, with three dozen succumbing to crisis-level famines or above in the worst-case scenario.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-UN_Food_Report_672-0"><a href="#cite_note-UN_Food_Report-672">[670]</a></sup> 265 million people are forecast to be in famine conditions, an increase of 125 million due to the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:Oxfam_12000_669-1"><a href="#cite_note-:Oxfam_12000-669">[667]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Education">Education</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education</a></div>
<div class="excerpt">The pandemic has severely impacted educational systems globally. Most governments have temporarily closed educational institutions, with many switching to <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Online_education" title="Online education">online education</a>. As of September 2020, approximately 1.077 billion <a href="/wiki/Learning" title="Learning">learners</a> were affected due to school closures in response to the pandemic. According to UNICEF monitoring, as of March 2020, 53 countries had closed all schools and 27 some, impacting about 61.6 per cent of the world's student population.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ynkmU_673-0"><a href="#cite_note-ynkmU-673">[671]</a></sup> School closures impact not only students, teachers, and families but have far-reaching economic and societal consequences. They shed light on social and economic issues, including <a href="/wiki/Student_debt" title="Student debt">student debt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_learning" title="Digital learning">digital learning</a>, food insecurity, and <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homelessness</a>, as well as access to <a href="/wiki/Child_care" title="Child care">childcare</a>, health care, housing, internet, and <a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_movement" title="Disability rights movement">disability services</a>. The impact has been more severe for disadvantaged children and their families.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-674"><a href="#cite_note-674">[672]</a></sup>
<div class="excerpt"><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="609" data-file-width="1000" decoding="async" height="134" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg/220px-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg/330px-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg/440px-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_3470479.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Students take end-of-year exams in <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>, Iran, during the pandemic</div></div></div>
<p>The Higher Education Policy Institute conducted a report which discovered that around 63% of students claimed that their mental health had been worsened as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and alongside this 38% demonstrated satisfaction with the accessibility of mental health services. Despite this, the director for policy and advocacy at the institute has explained that it is still unclear as to how and when normality will resume for students regarding their education and living situation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-675"><a href="#cite_note-675">[673]</a></sup>
</p>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_health_issues">Other health issues</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<p>The pandemic has had many impacts on global health beyond those caused by the COVID-19 disease itself. It has led to a reduction in hospital visits for other reasons. There have been 38 per cent fewer hospital visits for <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Heart_attack" title="Heart attack">heart attack</a> symptoms in the United States and 40 per cent fewer in Spain.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-676"><a href="#cite_note-676">[674]</a></sup> The head of cardiology at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona">University of Arizona</a> said, "My worry is some of these people are dying at home because they're too scared to go to the hospital."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Stat_News,_with_serious_heart_symptoms_away,_April_23_677-0"><a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Stat_News,_with_serious_heart_symptoms_away,_April_23-677">[675]</a></sup> There is also concern that people with <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">strokes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Appendicitis" title="Appendicitis">appendicitis</a> are not seeking timely treatment.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Stat_News,_with_serious_heart_symptoms_away,_April_23_677-1"><a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Stat_News,_with_serious_heart_symptoms_away,_April_23-677">[675]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages</a> of medical supplies have impacted people with various conditions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Atlantic_Shortages_678-0"><a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Atlantic_Shortages-678">[676]</a></sup>
</p><p>In several countries there has been a marked reduction of spread of <a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">sexually transmitted infections</a>, including <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>, attributable to COVID-19 quarantines, social distancing measures, and recommendations to not engage in casual sex.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-679"><a href="#cite_note-679">[677]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-680"><a href="#cite_note-680">[678]</a></sup> Similarly, in some places, rates of transmission of <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a> and other respiratory viruses significantly decreased during the pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-681"><a href="#cite_note-681">[679]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-682"><a href="#cite_note-682">[680]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-683"><a href="#cite_note-683">[681]</a></sup>
</p><p>The pandemic has also <a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">negatively impacted mental health</a> globally, including increased <a href="/wiki/Loneliness" title="Loneliness">loneliness</a> resulting from social distancing<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Brooks26Feb2020_684-0"><a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Brooks26Feb2020-684">[682]</a></sup> and depression and domestic violence from lockdowns.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_98XVx_685-0"><a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_98XVx-685">[683]</a></sup> As of June 2020, 40% of U.S. adults were experiencing adverse mental health symptoms, with 11% having seriously considered trying to kill themselves in the past month.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-686"><a href="#cite_note-686">[684]</a></sup>
</p>
Paying attention and taking measures to prevent mental health problems and post-traumatic stress syndrome, particularly in women, is already a need.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-687"><a href="#cite_note-687">[685]</a></sup></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Environment_and_climate">Environment and climate</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment</a></div>
<div class="excerpt"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none"> COVID-19 pandemic on environmental issues and Earth's climate</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="595" data-file-width="720" decoding="async" height="273" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png/330px-Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png/495px-Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png/660px-Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png 2x" width="330"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Images from the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Earth_Observatory" title="NASA Earth Observatory">NASA Earth Observatory</a> show a stark drop in pollution in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, when comparing <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide" title="Nitrogen dioxide">NO<sub>2</sub></a> levels in early 2019 (top) and early 2020 (bottom).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-688"><a href="#cite_note-688">[686]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>The worldwide disruption caused by the pandemic resulted in numerous positive effects to the <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">environment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climate</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Heidari_1–1_689-0"><a href="#cite_note-Heidari_1–1-689">[687]</a></sup> The global reduction in modern human activity such as the considerable <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Transportation" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">decline in planned travel</a> was coined <a href="/wiki/Anthropause" title="Anthropause">anthropause</a> and has caused a large drop in <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">water pollution</a> in many regions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Heidari_1–1_689-1"><a href="#cite_note-Heidari_1–1-689">[687]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-690"><a href="#cite_note-690">[688]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-691"><a href="#cite_note-691">[689]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbcOverview1_692-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbcOverview1-692">[690]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-693"><a href="#cite_note-693">[691]</a></sup> In China, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_Hubei" title="COVID-19 lockdown in Hubei">lockdowns</a> and other measures resulted in a 25<span class="nowrap"> </span>percent reduction in <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">carbon emissions</a> and<span class="nowrap"> </span>50 percent reduction in nitrogen oxides emissions, which one <a href="/wiki/Earth_system_science" title="Earth system science">Earth systems</a> scientist estimated may have saved at least 77,000 lives over two months.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mdpi_694-0"><a href="#cite_note-mdpi-694">[692]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DIm4R_695-0"><a href="#cite_note-DIm4R-695">[693]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-GFEED_696-0"><a href="#cite_note-GFEED-696">[694]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mcmahon_697-0"><a href="#cite_note-mcmahon-697">[695]</a></sup>
</p><p>Other positive effects on the environment include <a href="/wiki/Governance" title="Governance">governance</a>-system-controlled investments towards a <a href="/wiki/Energy_transition" title="Energy transition">sustainable energy transition</a> and other goals related to environmental protection such as the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>'s seven-year €1 trillion budget proposal and €750 billion recovery plan "<a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_EU" title="Next Generation EU">Next Generation EU</a>" which seeks to reserve 25 percent of EU spending for climate-friendly expenditure.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-698"><a href="#cite_note-698">[696]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-699"><a href="#cite_note-699">[697]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-700"><a href="#cite_note-700">[698]</a></sup>
</p><p>However, some human activity during the pandemic also provided cover for illegal activities such as <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_of_the_Amazon_rainforest" title="Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest">deforestation of the Amazon rainforest</a> and increased <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a> in Africa. The hindering of <a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy" title="Environmental policy">environmental diplomacy</a> efforts in combination of <a href="/wiki/Late_capitalism" title="Late capitalism">late capitalism</a> also created <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">economic fallout</a> that some predict will slow investment in <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Green_energy" title="Green energy">green energy</a> technologies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Poaching1_701-0"><a href="#cite_note-Poaching1-701">[699]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Poaching2_702-0"><a href="#cite_note-Poaching2-702">[700]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-UN_703-0"><a href="#cite_note-UN-703">[701]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Amazon1_704-0"><a href="#cite_note-Amazon1-704">[702]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Amazon2_705-0"><a href="#cite_note-Amazon2-705">[703]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9mMFi_706-0"><a href="#cite_note-9mMFi-706">[704]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This claim has too many footnotes for reading to be smooth. (October 2021)">excessive citations</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Discrimination_and_prejudice">Discrimination and prejudice</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<p>Heightened prejudice, xenophobia, and racism have been documented around the world <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Sinophobe" title="Sinophobe">toward people of Chinese and East Asian descent</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-251_707-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-251-707">[705]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-zogcf_708-0"><a href="#cite_note-zogcf-708">[706]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8BY2Y_709-0"><a href="#cite_note-8BY2Y-709">[707]</a></sup> Reports from February 2020 (when most confirmed cases were confined to China) documented racist sentiments expressed in groups worldwide about Chinese people 'deserving' the virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bangkokpost1854094_710-0"><a href="#cite_note-bangkokpost1854094-710">[708]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-psychologytoday202002_711-0"><a href="#cite_note-psychologytoday202002-711">[709]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200201telegraph_712-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200201telegraph-712">[710]</a></sup> Chinese people and other Asian peoples in the United Kingdom and United States have reported increasing levels of racist abuse and assaults.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT_Racism_713-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Racism-713">[711]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-05O7n_714-0"><a href="#cite_note-05O7n-714">[712]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT_April_Racism_715-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_April_Racism-715">[713]</a></sup> Former US President Donald Trump was criticised for referring to the COVID-19 as the "Chinese Virus" and "Kung Flu", which has been condemned as racist and xenophobic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-trumpnyt_716-0"><a href="#cite_note-trumpnyt-716">[714]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200320BI_717-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200320BI-717">[715]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MNCw4_718-0"><a href="#cite_note-MNCw4-718">[716]</a></sup>
</p><p>Age-based discrimination against older adults, while already present before the pandemic, was more prevalent during the pandemic. This has been attributed to their perceived vulnerability to the virus and subsequent physical and social isolation measures, which, coupled with their already reduced social activity, has increased dependency on others. Similarly, limited digital literacy has left the elderly more vulnerable to the effects of isolation, depression, and loneliness.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-719"><a href="#cite_note-719">[717]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lifestyle_changes">Lifestyle changes</span></h3>
<p>The pandemic has resulted in many people adapting to massive changes in life, from increased internet commerce activity to the job market. Social distancing has caused increased sales from large e-commerce companies such as <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coupang" title="Coupang">Coupang</a>. Online retailers in the US posted 791.70 billion dollars in sales in 2020, an increase of 32.4% from 598.02 billion dollars from the year before.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DDCV1ECMR_720-0"><a href="#cite_note-DDCV1ECMR-720">[718]</a></sup> The trend of home delivery orders have increased due to the pandemic, with indoor dining restaurants shutting down due to lockdown orders or low sales.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty783_721-0"><a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty783-721">[719]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty784_722-0"><a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty784-722">[720]</a></sup> Hackers and cybercriminals/scammers have started targeting people due to the massive changes, with some pretending to be part of the CDC, and others using different phishing schemes.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty787_723-0"><a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty787-723">[721]</a></sup> Education worldwide has increasingly shifted from physical attendance to video conferencing apps such as Zoom as lockdown measures have resulted in schools being forced to shut down.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty790_724-0"><a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty790-724">[722]</a></sup> Due to the pandemic, mass layoffs have occurred in the airline, travel, hospitality, and some other industries. (There were no signs of permanent recovery as of May 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty6966_725-0"><a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty6966-725">[723]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fo18zrty9999_726-0"><a href="#cite_note-Fo18zrty9999-726">[724]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Information_dissemination">Information dissemination</span></h2>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism</a></div>
<p>Ongoing COVID-19 research is indexed and searchable in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/NIH" title="NIH">NIH</a> COVID-19 Portfolio.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Zygy7_727-0"><a href="#cite_note-Zygy7-727">[725]</a></sup> Some newspaper agencies removed their online <a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="Paywall">paywalls</a> for some or all of their COVID-19-related articles and posts,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Paywalls_728-0"><a href="#cite_note-Paywalls-728">[726]</a></sup> while scientific publishers made scientific papers related to the outbreak available with <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-255_729-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-255-729">[727]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Aristovnik_et_al._2020_730-0"><a href="#cite_note-Aristovnik_et_al._2020-730">[728]</a></sup> Some scientists chose to share their results quickly on <a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">preprint</a> servers such as <a href="/wiki/BioRxiv" title="BioRxiv">bioRxiv</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AutoDW-256_731-0"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-256-731">[729]</a></sup>
</p><p>Maps have played a key role in disseminating information concerning the spatial distribution of the disease, especially with the development of dashboards to present data in near real-time. Methods of data visualisation have drawn some criticism, however, in the over-simplification of geographical patterns indicated by choropleth maps that adopt national, rather than local, map scales.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-732"><a href="#cite_note-732">[730]</a></sup>
</p><p><span class="anchor" id="Disinformation"></span>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Misinformation">Misinformation</span></h3>
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="excerpt">
<p><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a> refers to any kind of subject about the COVID-19 pandemic that has resulted in <a href="/wiki/Misinformation" title="Misinformation">misinformation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theories</a> about the scale of the pandemic and the <a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">origin</a>, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">the disease</a>. False information, including intentional <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a>, has been <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media#Misinformation" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">spread through social media</a>, text messaging,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_misinformation_FTTextMsg_733-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_misinformation_FTTextMsg-733">[731]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">mass media</a>. False information has been propagated by celebrities, politicians, and other prominent public figures. Multiple countries have passed laws against "fake news", and thousands of people have been arrested for spreading COVID-19 misinformation. The spread of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments" title="COVID-19 misinformation by governments">COVID-19 misinformation by governments</a> has also been significant.
</p><p>Commercial <a href="/wiki/Confidence_trick" title="Confidence trick">scams</a> have claimed to offer <a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">at-home tests, supposed preventives, and "miracle" cures</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-734"><a href="#cite_note-734">[732]</a></sup> Several religious groups have claimed their faith will protect them from the virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-735"><a href="#cite_note-735">[733]</a></sup> Without evidence, some people have claimed the virus is a <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Bioweapon" title="Bioweapon">bioweapon</a> accidentally or deliberately leaked from a laboratory, a <a href="/wiki/Human_population_planning" title="Human population planning">population control</a> scheme, the result of a <a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">spy operation</a>, or the side effect of <a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> upgrades to cellular networks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-736"><a href="#cite_note-736">[734]</a></sup>
</p>
The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) declared an "infodemic" of incorrect information about the virus that poses risks to global health.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_misinformation_Lowy_737-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_misinformation_Lowy-737">[735]</a></sup> While belief in conspiracy theories is not a new phenomenon, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this can lead to adverse health effects. Cognitive biases, such as jumping to conclusions and confirmation bias, may be linked to the occurrence of conspiracy beliefs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-738"><a href="#cite_note-738">[736]</a></sup> In addition to health effects, harms resulting from the spread of misinformation and endorsement of conspiracy theories include increasing distrust of news organizations and medical authorities as well as divisiveness and political fragmentation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-739"><a href="#cite_note-739">[737]</a></sup></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_infectious_disease" title="Emerging infectious disease">Emerging infectious disease</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_disease" title="Globalization and disease">Globalization and disease</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_epidemics" title="List of epidemics">List of epidemics</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span></h2>
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some refer to 'fatality rate'; however 'fatality ratio' is more accurate as this is not per unit time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHOest_90-1"><a href="#cite_note-WHOest-90">[90]</a></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-491"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-491">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A lack of mass testing obscured the extent of the outbreak.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_WhoriskeyMarch16_490-0"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_WhoriskeyMarch16-490">[489]</a></sup></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFZoumpourlisGoulielmakiRizosBaliou2020">Zoumpourlis V, Goulielmaki M, Rizos E, Baliou S, Spandidos DA (October 2020). <a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453598" rel="nofollow">"[Comment] The COVID‑19 pandemic as a scientific and social challenge in the 21st century"</a>. <i>Molecular Medicine Reports</i>. <b>22</b> (4): 3035–3048. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3892%2Fmmr.2020.11393" rel="nofollow">10.3892/mmr.2020.11393</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453598" rel="nofollow">7453598</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32945405" rel="nofollow">32945405</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Medicine+Reports&rft.atitle=%5BComment%5D+The+COVID%E2%80%9119+pandemic+as+a+scientific+and+social+challenge+in+the+21st+century&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=3035-3048&rft.date=2020-10&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7453598%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32945405&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3892%2Fmmr.2020.11393&rft.aulast=Zoumpourlis&rft.aufirst=V&rft.au=Goulielmaki%2C+M&rft.au=Rizos%2C+E&rft.au=Baliou%2C+S&rft.au=Spandidos%2C+DA&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7453598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
</li>
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<li id="cite_note-383"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-383">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREF@MeGovernment2020">@MeGovernment (17 March 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/MeGovernment/status/1239992049350447104" rel="nofollow">"Two COVID-19 cases confirmed in Montenegro"</a> (Tweet)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two+COVID-19+cases+confirmed+in+Montenegro&rft.date=2020-03-17&rft.au=%40MeGovernment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FMeGovernment%2Fstatus%2F1239992049350447104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-384"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-384">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHenley2020">Henley, Jon (18 March 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/18/coronavirus-lockdown-eu-belgium-germany-adopt-measures" rel="nofollow">"More than 250m in lockdown in EU as Belgium and Germany adopt measures"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077" rel="nofollow">0261-3077</a>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200401085742/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/18/coronavirus-lockdown-eu-belgium-germany-adopt-measures" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=More+than+250m+in+lockdown+in+EU+as+Belgium+and+Germany+adopt+measures&rft.date=2020-03-18&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Henley&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fmar%2F18%2Fcoronavirus-lockdown-eu-belgium-germany-adopt-measures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-385"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-385">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFInstitute_for_Public_Health_of_Montenegro_[@ijzcg]2020">Institute for Public Health of Montenegro [@ijzcg] (24 May 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/ijzcg/status/1264588977727844354" rel="nofollow">"IT'S OFFICIAL: CURRENTLY THERE ARE NO ACTIVE CASES OF #COVID19 IN MONTENEGRO"</a> (Tweet)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IT%27S+OFFICIAL%3A+CURRENTLY+THERE+ARE+NO+ACTIVE+CASES+OF+%23COVID19+IN+MONTENEGRO.&rft.date=2020-05-24&rft.au=Institute+for+Public+Health+of+Montenegro+%5B%40ijzcg%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fijzcg%2Fstatus%2F1264588977727844354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-386"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-386">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Montenegro_[@MeGovernment]2020">Government of Montenegro [@MeGovernment] (24 May 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/MeGovernment/status/1264598489318776832" rel="nofollow">"Montenegro is Corona-Free"</a> (Tweet)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Montenegro+is+Corona-Free&rft.date=2020-05-24&rft.au=Government+of+Montenegro+%5B%40MeGovernment%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FMeGovernment%2Fstatus%2F1264598489318776832&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-387"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-387">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/ijzcg/status/1272608842413719552" rel="nofollow">"New imported case discovered"</a>. Institute of Public Health of Montenegro IJZCG<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2020</span> – via Twitter.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+imported+case+discovered&rft.pub=Institute+of+Public+Health+of+Montenegro+IJZCG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fijzcg%2Fstatus%2F1272608842413719552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (July 2021)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span>
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<li id="cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe_jhumap-388"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe_jhumap_388-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html" rel="nofollow">"COVID-19 Map"</a>. <i>Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center</i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Johns+Hopkins+Coronavirus+Resource+Center&rft.atitle=COVID-19+Map&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoronavirus.jhu.edu%2Fmap.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-HFR3b-389"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HFR3b_389-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFFarzanHassanNoackBeachum">Farzan AN, Hassan J, Noack R, Beachum L, Hawkins D, Bellware K, O'Grady S, Shaban H. <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/08/21/coronavirus-covid-live-updates-us/?outputType=amp" rel="nofollow">"Live updates: Coronavirus cases rise in young people in Europe as U.S. colleges try to crack down on parties"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Live+updates%3A+Coronavirus+cases+rise+in+young+people+in+Europe+as+U.S.+colleges+try+to+crack+down+on+parties&rft.aulast=Farzan&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.au=Hassan%2C+J&rft.au=Noack%2C+R&rft.au=Beachum%2C+L&rft.au=Hawkins%2C+D&rft.au=Bellware%2C+K&rft.au=O%27Grady%2C+S&rft.au=Shaban%2C+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnation%2F2020%2F08%2F21%2Fcoronavirus-covid-live-updates-us%2F%3FoutputType%3Damp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-390"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-390">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/episode/europe-coronavirus-cases-exceed-15-million-4494711" rel="nofollow">"Europe Coronavirus Cases Exceed 15 Million"</a>. Voice of America<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Europe+Coronavirus+Cases+Exceed+15+Million&rft.pub=Voice+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fepisode%2Feurope-coronavirus-cases-exceed-15-million-4494711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-lepoint2369173-391"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lepoint2369173_391-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.lepoint.fr/sante/coronavirus-la-bombe-atomique-du-rassemblement-evangelique-de-mulhouse-28-03-2020-2369173_40.php" rel="nofollow">"Coronavirus : la " bombe atomique " du rassemblement évangélique de Mulhouse"</a>. <i>Le Point</i>. 28 March 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+%3A+la+%22+bombe+atomique+%22+du+rassemblement+%C3%A9vang%C3%A9lique+de+Mulhouse&rft.date=2020-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fsante%2Fcoronavirus-la-bombe-atomique-du-rassemblement-evangelique-de-mulhouse-28-03-2020-2369173_40.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-francetvinfo3889133-392"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-francetvinfo3889133_392-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/maladie/coronavirus/video-coronavirus-le-nombre-de-contaminations-lors-du-rassemblement-evangelique-de-mulhouse-a-ete-largement-sous-evalue_3889133.html" rel="nofollow">"Enquette Franceinfo. "La majorité des personnes étaient contaminées" : de la Corse à l'outre-mer, comment le rassemblement évangélique de Mulhouse a diffusé le coronavirus dans toute la France"</a>. <i>Franceinfo</i>. 28 March 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Franceinfo&rft.atitle=Enquette+Franceinfo.+%22La+majorit%C3%A9+des+personnes+%C3%A9taient+contamin%C3%A9es%22+%3A+de+la+Corse+%C3%A0+l%27outre-mer%2C+comment+le+rassemblement+%C3%A9vang%C3%A9lique+de+Mulhouse+a+diffus%C3%A9+le+coronavirus+dans+toute+la+France&rft.date=2020-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Fsante%2Fmaladie%2Fcoronavirus%2Fvideo-coronavirus-le-nombre-de-contaminations-lors-du-rassemblement-evangelique-de-mulhouse-a-ete-largement-sous-evalue_3889133.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-394"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-394">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources:
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<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/video/96240572-7e35-4fcd-aecb-8f503d529354" rel="nofollow">Macron: coronavirus is Europe's 'moment of truth'</a> 16 April 2020, <i>Financial Times</i>. Retrieved 18 April 2020</li></ul>
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<li id="cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_2020-06-22-elpais-431"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_2020-06-22-elpais_431-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/sociedad/2020-06-21/asi-fue-el-dia-1-de-la-nueva-normalidad.html" rel="nofollow">"Así fue el día 1 de la nueva normalidad"</a>. <i>El País</i> (in Spanish). 22 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=As%C3%AD+fue+el+d%C3%ADa+1+de+la+nueva+normalidad&rft.date=2020-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fsociedad%2F2020-06-21%2Fasi-fue-el-dia-1-de-la-nueva-normalidad.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_bbc25july-432"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_bbc25july_432-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-53539015" rel="nofollow">"Coronavirus: Spain drives fears of European 'second wave<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. BBC. 25 July 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Coronavirus%3A+Spain+drives+fears+of+European+%27second+wave%27&rft.date=2020-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-53539015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-435"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-435">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.euractiv.com/section/coronavirus/news/spain-wont-declare-another-national-state-of-alarm-allows-regions-to-lockdown-if-necessary/" rel="nofollow">"Spain won't declare another national state of alarm, allows regions to lockdown if necessary"</a>. <i>Euroactiv</i>. 26 August 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euroactiv&rft.atitle=Spain+won%27t+declare+another+national+state+of+alarm%2C+allows+regions+to+lockdown+if+necessary&rft.date=2020-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euractiv.com%2Fsection%2Fcoronavirus%2Fnews%2Fspain-wont-declare-another-national-state-of-alarm-allows-regions-to-lockdown-if-necessary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-436"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-436">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFLauKhosrawipourKocbachMikolajczyk2020">Lau H, Khosrawipour V, Kocbach P, Mikolajczyk A, Ichii H, Schubert J, et al. (March 2020). <a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102572" rel="nofollow">"Internationally lost COVID-19 cases"</a>. <i>Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection = Wei Mian Yu Gan Ran Za Zhi</i>. <b>53</b> (3): 454–458. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jmii.2020.03.013" rel="nofollow">10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.013</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102572" rel="nofollow">7102572</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32205091" rel="nofollow">32205091</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiology%2C+Immunology%2C+and+Infection+%3D+Wei+Mian+Yu+Gan+Ran+Za+Zhi&rft.atitle=Internationally+lost+COVID-19+cases&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=454-458&rft.date=2020-03&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7102572%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32205091&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jmii.2020.03.013&rft.aulast=Lau&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Khosrawipour%2C+V&rft.au=Kocbach%2C+P&rft.au=Mikolajczyk%2C+A&rft.au=Ichii%2C+H&rft.au=Schubert%2C+J&rft.au=Bania%2C+J&rft.au=Khosrawipour%2C+T&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7102572&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-vLpPa-617"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vLpPa_617-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFBostock2020">Bostock B (13 February 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/analysis-china-hubei-officials-sacked-xi-jinping-protected-2020-2" rel="nofollow">"China sacked a brace of top officials in Hubei province, likely in a move to protect Xi Jinping from people's anger over the coronavirus outbreak"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=China+sacked+a+brace+of+top+officials+in+Hubei+province%2C+likely+in+a+move+to+protect+Xi+Jinping+from+people%27s+anger+over+the+coronavirus+outbreak&rft.date=2020-02-13&rft.aulast=Bostock&rft.aufirst=B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fanalysis-china-hubei-officials-sacked-xi-jinping-protected-2020-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-621"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-621">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-54277439" rel="nofollow">"Chen Qiushi: Chinese journalist missing since February 'under state supervision<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 24 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Chen+Qiushi%3A+Chinese+journalist+missing+since+February+%27under+state+supervision%27&rft.date=2020-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-china-54277439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-622"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-622">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-52392762" rel="nofollow">"Li Zehua: Journalist who 'disappeared' after Wuhan chase reappears"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 23 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Li+Zehua%3A+Journalist+who+%27disappeared%27+after+Wuhan+chase+reappears&rft.date=2020-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-china-52392762&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-623"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-623">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org.uk/urgent-actions/covid-19-journalist-tortured-exposing-truth" rel="nofollow">"Covid-19 journalist tortured for exposing truth"</a>. <i>amnesty.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=amnesty.org.uk&rft.atitle=Covid-19+journalist+tortured+for+exposing+truth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org.uk%2Furgent-actions%2Fcovid-19-journalist-tortured-exposing-truth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-abcnews-censorship-654"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abcnews-censorship_654-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abcnews-censorship_654-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/coronavirus-crisis-excuses-curbs-free-speech-70177977" rel="nofollow">"Some leaders use pandemic to sharpen tools against critics"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 16 April 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Some+leaders+use+pandemic+to+sharpen+tools+against+critics&rft.date=2020-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Fcoronavirus-crisis-excuses-curbs-free-speech-70177977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20200330cnn-655"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20200330cnn_655-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/30/europe/hungary-viktor-orban-powers-vote-intl/index.html" rel="nofollow">"Hungarian parliament votes to let Viktor Orban rule by decree in wake of coronavirus pandemic"</a>. CNN. 30 March 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hungarian+parliament+votes+to+let+Viktor+Orban+rule+by+decree+in+wake+of+coronavirus+pandemic&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2020-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2020%2F03%2F30%2Feurope%2Fhungary-viktor-orban-powers-vote-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20200401foreignpolicy-657"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20200401foreignpolicy_657-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/01/coronavirus-censorship-pandemic-disinformation-fake-news-speech-freedom/" rel="nofollow">"Coronavirus Has Started a Censorship Pandemic"</a>. <i>The Foreign Policy</i>. 1 April 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+Has+Started+a+Censorship+Pandemic&rft.date=2020-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2020%2F04%2F01%2Fcoronavirus-censorship-pandemic-disinformation-fake-news-speech-freedom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20200410straitstimes-658"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20200410straitstimes_658-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/coronavirus-asia-cracks-down-on-virus-fake-news" rel="nofollow">"Asia cracks down on coronavirus 'fake news<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>. 10 April 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Asia+cracks+down+on+coronavirus+%27fake+news%27&rft.date=2020-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fcoronavirus-asia-cracks-down-on-virus-fake-news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-659"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-659">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-10-04/india-targets-journalists-who-report-on-covid-19" rel="nofollow">"As COVID-19 spreads, India tries to control the narrative by targeting journalists"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 4 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=As+COVID-19+spreads%2C+India+tries+to+control+the+narrative+by+targeting+journalists&rft.date=2020-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld-nation%2Fstory%2F2020-10-04%2Findia-targets-journalists-who-report-on-covid-19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-660"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-660">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-global-rights-journalists-idUKKBN28P0DO" rel="nofollow">"Record number of journalists imprisoned in 2020 – report"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 15 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Record+number+of+journalists+imprisoned+in+2020+%E2%80%93+report&rft.date=2020-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-global-rights-journalists-idUKKBN28P0DO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-738"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-738">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFKuhnLiebFreemanAndreou2021">Kuhn SA, Lieb R, Freeman D, Andreou C, Zander-Schellenberg T (March 2021). <a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8027560" rel="nofollow">"Coronavirus conspiracy beliefs in the German-speaking general population: endorsement rates and links to reasoning biases and paranoia"</a>. <i>Psychological Medicine</i>: 1–15. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0033291721001124" rel="nofollow">10.1017/S0033291721001124</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8027560" rel="nofollow">8027560</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33722315" rel="nofollow">33722315</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychological+Medicine&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+conspiracy+beliefs+in+the+German-speaking+general+population%3A+endorsement+rates+and+links+to+reasoning+biases+and+paranoia&rft.pages=1-15&rft.date=2021-03&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8027560%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33722315&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0033291721001124&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.au=Lieb%2C+R&rft.au=Freeman%2C+D&rft.au=Andreou%2C+C&rft.au=Zander-Schellenberg%2C+T&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8027560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-739"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-739">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation magazine cs1" id="CITEREFRadford2020"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Radford" title="Benjamin Radford">Radford B</a> (November–December 2020). "Conspiracy Theories Grow as COVID-19 Spreads". <i><a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a></i>. Amherst, New York: <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Inquiry" title="Center for Inquiry">Center for Inquiry</a>. p. 5.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Conspiracy+Theories+Grow+as+COVID-19+Spreads&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2020-11%2F2020-12&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></span>
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</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011217839">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em">
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<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFTayPohRéniaMacAry2020">Tay MZ, Poh CM, Rénia L, MacAry PA, Ng LF (June 2020). <a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7187672" rel="nofollow">"The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention"</a>. <i>Nature Reviews. Immunology</i>. <b>20</b> (6): 363–374. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41577-020-0311-8" rel="nofollow">10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7187672" rel="nofollow">7187672</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32346093" rel="nofollow">32346093</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews.+Immunology&rft.atitle=The+trinity+of+COVID-19%3A+immunity%2C+inflammation+and+intervention&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=363-374&rft.date=2020-06&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7187672%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32346093&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41577-020-0311-8&rft.aulast=Tay&rft.aufirst=MZ&rft.au=Poh%2C+CM&rft.au=R%C3%A9nia%2C+L&rft.au=MacAry%2C+PA&rft.au=Ng%2C+LF&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7187672&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation report cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/covid-19-infection-prevention-and-control-primary-care" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 infection prevention and control measures for primary care, including general practitioner practices, dental clinics and pharmacy settings: first update</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Disease_Prevention_and_Control" title="European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control">European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control</a> (ECDC)</i> (Report). October 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=COVID-19+infection+prevention+and+control+measures+for+primary+care%2C+including+general+practitioner+practices%2C+dental+clinics+and+pharmacy+settings%3A+first+update&rft.date=2020-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecdc.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fpublications-data%2Fcovid-19-infection-prevention-and-control-primary-care&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation journal cs1">Bar-On YM, Flamholz A, Phillips R, Milo R (April 2020). <a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7224694" rel="nofollow">"SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) by the numbers"</a>. <i>eLife</i>. <b>9</b>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/2003.12886" rel="nofollow">2003.12886</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020arXiv200312886B" rel="nofollow">2020arXiv200312886B</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7554%2FeLife.57309" rel="nofollow">10.7554/eLife.57309</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7224694" rel="nofollow">7224694</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32228860" rel="nofollow">32228860</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=eLife&rft.atitle=SARS-CoV-2+%28COVID-19%29+by+the+numbers&rft.volume=9&rft.date=2020-04&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7224694%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020arXiv200312886B&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2003.12886&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32228860&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7554%2FeLife.57309&rft.aulast=Bar-On&rft.aufirst=YM&rft.au=Flamholz%2C+A&rft.au=Phillips%2C+R&rft.au=Milo%2C+R&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7224694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation journal cs1">Brüssow H (May 2020). <a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7111068" rel="nofollow">"The Novel Coronavirus - A Snapshot of Current Knowledge"</a>. <i>Microbial Biotechnology</i>. <b>13</b> (3): 607–612. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1751-7915.13557" rel="nofollow">10.1111/1751-7915.13557</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7111068" rel="nofollow">7111068</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32144890" rel="nofollow">32144890</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=The+Novel+Coronavirus+-+A+Snapshot+of+Current+Knowledge&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=607-612&rft.date=2020-05&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7111068%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32144890&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1751-7915.13557&rft.aulast=Br%C3%BCssow&rft.aufirst=H&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7111068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></li>
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<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFBirhaneBresslerChangClark2021">Birhane M, Bressler S, Chang G, Clark T, Dorough L, Fischer M, et al. (May 2021). <a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8158893" rel="nofollow">"COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reported to CDC - United States, January 1-April 30, 2021"</a>. <i>MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report</i>. <b>70</b> (21): 792–793. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15585%2Fmmwr.mm7021e3" rel="nofollow">10.15585/mmwr.mm7021e3</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8158893" rel="nofollow">8158893</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34043615" rel="nofollow">34043615</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+Mortality+Weekly+Report&rft.atitle=COVID-19+Vaccine+Breakthrough+Infections+Reported+to+CDC+-+United+States%2C+January+1-April+30%2C+2021&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=792-793&rft.date=2021-05&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8158893%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34043615&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15585%2Fmmwr.mm7021e3&rft.aulast=Birhane&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Bressler%2C+S&rft.au=Chang%2C+G&rft.au=Clark%2C+T&rft.au=Dorough%2C+L&rft.au=Fischer%2C+M&rft.au=Watkins%2C+LF&rft.au=Goldstein%2C+JM&rft.au=Kugeler%2C+K&rft.au=Langley%2C+G&rft.au=Lecy%2C+K&rft.au=Martin%2C+K&rft.au=Medalla%2C+F&rft.au=Mitruka%2C+K&rft.au=Nolen%2C+L&rft.au=Sadigh%2C+K&rft.au=Spratling%2C+R&rft.au=Thompson%2C+G&rft.au=Trujillo%2C+A&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8158893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFBieksieneZaveckieneMalakauskasVaguliene2021">Bieksiene K, Zaveckiene J, Malakauskas K, Vaguliene N, Zemaitis M, Miliauskas S (March 2021). <a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8003092" rel="nofollow">"Post COVID-19 Organizing Pneumonia: The Right Time to Interfere"</a>. <i>Medicina</i>. <b>57</b> (3): 283. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmedicina57030283" rel="nofollow">10.3390/medicina57030283</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8003092" rel="nofollow">8003092</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33803690" rel="nofollow">33803690</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medicina&rft.atitle=Post+COVID-19+Organizing+Pneumonia%3A+The+Right+Time+to+Interfere&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=283&rft.date=2021-03&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8003092%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33803690&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fmedicina57030283&rft.aulast=Bieksiene&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Zaveckiene%2C+J&rft.au=Malakauskas%2C+K&rft.au=Vaguliene%2C+N&rft.au=Zemaitis%2C+M&rft.au=Miliauskas%2C+S&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8003092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></li>
<li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFChenAllotLu2021">Chen, Qingyu; Allot, Alexis; Lu, Zhiyong (8 January 2021). <a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7778958" rel="nofollow">"LitCovid: an open database of COVID-19 literature"</a>. <i>Nucleic Acids Research</i>. <b>49</b> (D1): D1534–D1540. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkaa952" rel="nofollow">10.1093/nar/gkaa952</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1362-4962" rel="nofollow">1362-4962</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7778958" rel="nofollow">7778958</a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33166392" rel="nofollow">33166392</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=LitCovid%3A+an+open+database+of+COVID-19+literature&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=D1&rft.pages=D1534-D1540&rft.date=2021-01-08&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7778958%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1362-4962&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33166392&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkaa952&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Qingyu&rft.au=Allot%2C+Alexis&rft.au=Lu%2C+Zhiyong&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7778958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic"></span></li></ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<table class="metadata mbox-small" role="presentation" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" class="noviewer" data-file-height="104" data-file-width="107" decoding="async" height="39" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/40px-Scholia_logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/60px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/80px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 2x" width="40"/></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a class="extiw" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Scholia" title="d:Wikidata:Scholia">Scholia</a> has a profile for <a class="extiw" href="https://iw.toolforge.org/scholia/Q81068910" title="toolforge:scholia/Q81068910"><b>COVID-19 pandemic <small>(Q81068910)</small></b></a>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Health_agencies">Health agencies</span></h3>
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019" rel="nofollow">COVID-19</a> (<a class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses" rel="nofollow">Questions & Answers</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbpi6ZahtOH5PLTT1yfXxcxDsNM40N1uG" rel="nofollow">instructional videos</a>; <a class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters" rel="nofollow">Facts/MythBusters</a>) by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO)</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/coronavirus-disease-covid-19.html" rel="nofollow">COVID-19</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="http://en.nhc.gov.cn/antivirusfight.html" rel="nofollow">COVID-19</a> by the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Commission" title="National Health Commission">National Health Commission</a>, China</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/novel-coronavirus-china" rel="nofollow">COVID-19</a> (<a class="external text" href="http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/novel-coronavirus-china/questions-answers" rel="nofollow">Q&A</a>) by the <a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Disease_Prevention_and_Control" title="European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control">European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19" rel="nofollow">COVID-19</a> (<a class="external text" href="http://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19/faqs" rel="nofollow">Q&A</a>) by the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health" title="Ministry of Health">Ministry of Health</a>, Singapore</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html" rel="nofollow">COVID-19</a> (<a class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/index.html" rel="nofollow">Q&A</a>) by the US <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC)</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/emres/2019_ncov.html" rel="nofollow">Coronavirus Disease 2019</a> (<a class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-130/pdfs/2018-130.pdf?id=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2018130" rel="nofollow">Q&A</a>) by the US <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> (NIOSH)</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Directories">Directories</span></h3>
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Respiratory_Disorders/COVID-19/" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 Directory on Curlie</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://openmd.com/directory/covid-19" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 Resource Directory on OpenMD</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Data_and_graphs">Data and graphs</span></h3>
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/" rel="nofollow">Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation reports</a> and <a class="external text" href="https://who.sprinklr.com/" rel="nofollow">map</a> by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO)</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 Resource Center</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html" rel="nofollow">map</a>, and <a class="external text" href="https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19" rel="nofollow">historical data</a> by <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/data" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 data sets</a> published by the <a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Disease_Prevention_and_Control" title="European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control">European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control</a> (ECDC)</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://covid.observer" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 Observer</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> data</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 Statistics and Research</a> published by <a href="/wiki/Our_World_in_Data" title="Our World in Data">Our World in Data</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.statnews.com/feature/coronavirus/covid-19-tracker/" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 Tracker</a> from <a href="/wiki/Stat_(website)" title="Stat (website)">Stat News</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://covid19.healthdata.org/global" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 Projections</a> for many countries published by <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Health_Metrics_and_Evaluation" title="Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://covid19comparisongraphs.webador.co.uk/" rel="nofollow">Spreadsheets: Country comparisons</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://gabgoh.github.io/COVID/index.html" rel="nofollow">Epidemic Calculator</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://unwfp.maps.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/42b8837bb25049b9b1f69a9555d55808" rel="nofollow">World Travel Restrictions</a> based on <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> (WFP) data</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Medical_journals">Medical journals</span></h3>
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://www.nejm.org/coronavirus" rel="nofollow">Coronavirus (COVID-19)</a> by <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine">The New England Journal of Medicine</a></i></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.bmj.com/coronavirus" rel="nofollow">Coronavirus (COVID-19) Hub</a> by <a href="/wiki/BMJ_(company)" title="BMJ (company)">BMJ Publishing Group</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/pages/coronavirus-alert" rel="nofollow">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a> by <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/JAMA_(journal)" title="JAMA (journal)">JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association</a></i></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/" rel="nofollow">COVID-19: Novel Coronavirus Outbreak</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley Publishing</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://collections.plos.org/covid-19" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 pandemic (2019–20) Collection</a> by <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Public_Library_of_Science" title="Public Library of Science">Public Library of Science</a> (PLOS)</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://icite.od.nih.gov/covid19/search/" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 Portfolio</a>, a curated collection of publications and preprints by <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> (NIH)</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/campaigns/coronavirus" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 Research Highlights</a> by <a href="/wiki/Springer_Nature" title="Springer Nature">Springer Nature</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.thelancet.com/coronavirus" rel="nofollow">COVID-19 Resource Centre</a> by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a></i></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center" rel="nofollow">Novel Coronavirus Information Center</a> by <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a></li></ul>
<div aria-labelledby="COVID-19_pandemic" class="navbox" role="navigation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col"><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic"><abbr style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;" title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic" title="Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic"><abbr style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;" title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit"><abbr style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;" title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="COVID-19_pandemic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">COVID-19 pandemic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_COVID-19_(disease)_*_SARS-CoV-2_(virus)">
<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a></b> (disease)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">SARS-CoV-2</a></b> (virus)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col"><div id="Timeline" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic">Pre-pandemic</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">Severe acute respiratory syndrome</a> (SARS)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome">Middle East respiratory syndrome</a> (MERS)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crimson_Contagion" title="Crimson Contagion">Crimson Contagion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Disease_X" title="Disease X">Disease X</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security#Event_201" title="Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security">Event 201</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_Cygnus" title="Exercise Cygnus">Exercise Cygnus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">2019</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">January</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">February</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">March</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">April</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">May</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">June</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">July</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">August</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">September</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">October</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">November</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">December</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">January</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">February</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">March</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">April</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">May</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">June</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">July</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">August</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">September</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">October</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col"><div id="Locations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Locations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">Asia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">North America</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">Oceania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South America</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships">Cruise ships</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships">Naval ships</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col"><div id="Impacts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Impacts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Culture and<br/>entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage">Arts and cultural heritage</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture" title="COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture">References in popular culture</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema">Cinema</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">films affected</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">Education</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic">homeschooling</a></li>
<li>by country
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana">Ghana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_UK_GCSE_and_A-Level_grading_controversy" title="2020 UK GCSE and A-Level grading controversy">exam grading controversy</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_events_affected_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic">Events affected</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry">Fashion industry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry">Music industry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts">Performing arts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports">Sports</a>
<ul><li>By country
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philippine_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Philippine sports">Philippines</a></li></ul></li>
<li>By sport
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football">association football</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports">combat sports</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket">cricket</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf">disc golf</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games">Gaelic games</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport">motorsport</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_of_the_2019%E2%80%9320_NBA_season" title="Suspension of the 2019–20 NBA season">NBA</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league">rugby league</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television">Television</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States">U.S.</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">programs affected</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry">Video games</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Society<br/> and rights</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Social</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">social media</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_associated_with_COVID-19" title="Social stigma associated with COVID-19">stigma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_party" title="COVID-19 party">COVID-19 parties</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children">Children</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States">foster care in the U.S.</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gendered_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Gender</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_healthcare_workers" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers">Healthcare workers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">Hospitals</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ICU_capacity" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ICU capacity">ICU capacity</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_issues_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Human rights issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Human rights</a></li>
<li>Legal
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States">abortion in the U.S.</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime">crime</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime in the Republic of Ireland">crime in Ireland</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence">domestic violence</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons">prisons</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention" title="COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention">U.S. immigration detention</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community">LGBT community</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_black_people" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on black people">African-American communities</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities">Native American communities</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities">Long-term care facilities</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_public_transport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport">Public transport</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion">Religion</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj">Hajj</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic">Strikes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Xenophobia and racism</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation">Aviation</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of airlines impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">Airlines</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry">Cannabis industry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Charitable_activities_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Charitable activities related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Charitable activity</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_scams" title="COVID-19 scams">COVID-19 scams</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">COVID-19 recession</a></li>
<li>Economic
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Pandemic_Unemployment_Payment" title="COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment">COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">U.K.</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">U.S.</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Financial markets</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry">Food industry</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada">meat industry in Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States">meat industry in the U.S.</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States">restaurant industry in the U.S.</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">Global stock market crash</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2021_global_supply_chain_crisis" title="2021 global supply chain crisis">Global supply chain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">Hospitals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Mink farming</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war" title="2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war">Oil price war</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail">Retail</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Resignation" title="Great Resignation">Great Resignation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">Tourism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Travel restrictions</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Information</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">Journalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">Media coverage</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">Misinformation</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments" title="COVID-19 misinformation by governments">Governments</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China" title="COVID-19 misinformation by China">China</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 misinformation by the United States">United States</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Plandemic" title="Plandemic">Plandemic</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Wikipedia coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">Wikipedia's response</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">National responses</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_pandemic_legislation" title="List of COVID-19 pandemic legislation">Legislation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_anti-lockdown_protests_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 anti-lockdown protests in Canada">Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_COVID-19_policies_in_Italy" title="Protests over COVID-19 policies in Italy">Italy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_COVID-19_policies_in_Germany" title="Protests over COVID-19 policies in Germany">Germany</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Idar-Oberstein_shooting" title="2021 Idar-Oberstein shooting">Idar-Oberstein shooting</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2021_Dutch_curfew_riots" title="2021 Dutch curfew riots">the Netherlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_anti-lockdown_protests_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 anti-lockdown protests in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_Serbian_protests" title="2020 Serbian protests">Serbia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 protests in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_anti-lockdown_protests_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 anti-lockdown protests in the United States">United States</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_the_States" title="Open the States">Open the States</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations">International relations</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Aid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="International reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan%E2%80%93Romanian_collaboration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Moldovan–Romanian collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic">Moldovan–Romanian collaboration</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan" title="Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan">Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">European Union</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doomscrolling" title="Doomscrolling">Doomscrolling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">Flattening the curve</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">Long-hauler</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology#Telecommunications" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Quarantini</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">Social distancing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Superspreading_event" title="Superspreading event">Superspreader</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_(software)" title="Zoom (software)">Zoom</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_town" title="Zoom town">Zoom towns</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_animals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on animals">Animals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthropause" title="Anthropause">Anthropause</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">Environment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military">Military</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Science and technology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">Food security</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col"><div id="Health_issues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Health issues</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Medical topics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19" title="Transmission of COVID-19">Transmission</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19" title="Symptoms of COVID-19">Symptoms</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_and_cancer" title="COVID-19 and cancer">Cancer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cutaneous_manifestations_of_COVID-19" title="Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19">Skin manifestations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">Long COVID</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">Mental health</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_COVID-19_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes" title="Impact of COVID-19 on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes">neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy" title="COVID-19 in pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">Non-COVID-19–related health issues</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve#Raising_the_line" title="Flattening the curve">Raise the line</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_after_COVID-19" title="Rehabilitation after COVID-19">Rehabilitation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">Unproven medical methods</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Testing and<br/>epidemiology</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">Disease testing</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer" title="Coronavirus breathalyzer">Breathalyzer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Moonshot" title="Operation Moonshot">Operation Moonshot</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Test_to_Release" title="Test to Release">Test to Release</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/UK_Rapid_Test_Consortium" title="UK Rapid Test Consortium">UK Rapid Test Consortium</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/AbC-19_rapid_antibody_test" title="AbC-19 rapid antibody test">AbC-19 rapid antibody test</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_rapid_antigen_test" title="COVID-19 rapid antigen test">Rapid antigen test</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">investigations into the origins</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory" title="COVID-19 lab leak theory">lab leak theory</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_surveillance" title="COVID-19 surveillance">Surveillance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">Death rates by country</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_datasets" title="COVID-19 datasets">Datasets</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_apps" title="COVID-19 apps">Apps</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/CareFIJI" title="CareFIJI">careFIJI</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID_Alert" title="COVID Alert">COVID Alert</a> (Canada)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa#COVID_AlertSA" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">COVID AlertSA</a> (South Africa)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVIDSafe" title="COVIDSafe">COVIDSafe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID_Tracker_Ireland" title="COVID Tracker Ireland">COVID Tracker Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Australia" title="Coronavirus Australia">Coronavirus Australia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aarogya_Setu" title="Aarogya Setu">Aarogya Setu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NZ_COVID_Tracer" title="NZ COVID Tracer">NZ COVID Tracer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TraceTogether" title="TraceTogether">TraceTogether</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/BlueTrace" title="BlueTrace">BlueTrace</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_Privacy-Preserving_Proximity_Tracing" title="Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing">Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_COVID-19" title="NHS COVID-19">NHS COVID-19</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MySejahtera" title="MySejahtera">MySejahtera</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SwissCovid" title="SwissCovid">SwissCovid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TCN_Protocol" title="TCN Protocol">TCN Protocol</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_Notification" title="Exposure Notification">Exposure Notification</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID_Symptom_Study" title="COVID Symptom Study">COVID Symptom Study</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Test,_Trace,_Protect" title="Test, Trace, Protect">Test, Trace, Protect</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Test_and_Trace" title="NHS Test and Trace">NHS Test and Trace</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country" title="Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country">Undercounting COVID-19 deaths</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation" title="Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">Use and development of software</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Prevention</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Social distancing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">Face masks</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mask_refusal" title="Mask refusal">Mask refusal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">Flattening the curve</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19" title="Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19">Workplace hazard controls</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">Lockdowns</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Evacuations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">International aid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Safe_Hands_Challenge" title="Safe Hands Challenge">Safe Hands Challenge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic_fatigue#COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic fatigue">COVID fatigue</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Barrington_Declaration" title="Great Barrington Declaration">Great Barrington Declaration</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chloroquine_and_hydroxychloroquine_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during the COVID-19 pandemic">Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">Vaccines</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development" title="History of COVID-19 vaccine development">Development</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research" title="COVID-19 vaccine clinical research">Clinical research</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations" title="List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations">Authorizations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination" title="Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination">Post-vaccination complications</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">Operation Warp Speed</a> (U.S.)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">Vaccine passports</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card" title="COVID-19 vaccine card">Vaccine card</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy">Misinformation and hesitancy</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Authorized</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/DNA_vaccine" title="DNA vaccine">DNA</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZyCoV-D" title="ZyCoV-D">ZyCoV-D</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine" title="Inactivated vaccine">Inactivated</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences COVID-19 vaccine">Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">CoronaVac</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Covaxin" title="Covaxin">Covaxin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVIran_Barekat" title="COVIran Barekat">COVIran Barekat</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CoviVac_(Russia_COVID-19_vaccine)" title="CoviVac (Russia COVID-19 vaccine)">CoviVac (Russia)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/FAKHRAVAC" title="FAKHRAVAC">FAKHRAVAC</a> (terminated)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Minhai_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Minhai COVID-19 vaccine">Minhai</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/QazCovid-in" title="QazCovid-in">QazCovid-in</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm–BBIBP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_WIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm–WIBP</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/RNA_vaccine" title="RNA vaccine">RNA</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer–BioNTech</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subunit_vaccine" title="Subunit vaccine">Subunit</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdala_(vaccine)" title="Abdala (vaccine)">Abdala</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVAX-19" title="COVAX-19">COVAX-19</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/EpiVacCorona" title="EpiVacCorona">EpiVacCorona</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine" title="MVC COVID-19 vaccine">MVC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soberana_02" title="Soberana 02">Soberana 02</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soberana_Plus" title="Soberana Plus">Soberana Plus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ZF2001" title="ZF2001">ZF2001</a> (Zifivax)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viral_vector_vaccine" title="Viral vector vaccine">Viral vector</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convidecia" title="Convidecia">Convidecia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Janssen COVID-19 vaccine">Janssen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">Oxford–AstraZeneca</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">Sputnik V</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_Light" title="Sputnik Light">Sputnik Light</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">In trials</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine" title="Attenuated vaccine">Attenuated</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVI-VAC_(U.S._COVID-19_vaccine)" title="COVI-VAC (U.S. COVID-19 vaccine)">COVI-VAC (United States)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">DNA</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/AG0302-COVID%E2%80%9119" title="AG0302-COVID‑19">AG0302-COVID‑19</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GX-19" title="GX-19">GX-19</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inovio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Inovio COVID-19 vaccine">Inovio</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Inactivated</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/TurkoVac" title="TurkoVac">TurkoVac</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Valneva_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Valneva COVID-19 vaccine">Valneva</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">RNA</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARCT-021" title="ARCT-021">ARCT-021</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ARCT-154" title="ARCT-154">ARCT-154</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bangavax" title="Bangavax">Bangavax</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CureVac_COVID-19_vaccine" title="CureVac COVID-19 vaccine">CureVac</a> (terminated)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/HGC019" title="HGC019">HGC019</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PTX-COVID19-B" title="PTX-COVID19-B">PTX-COVID19-B</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93Translate_Bio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sanofi–Translate Bio COVID-19 vaccine">Sanofi–Translate Bio</a> (terminated)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Walvax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Walvax COVID-19 vaccine">Walvax</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Subunit</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/202-CoV" title="202-CoV">202-CoV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corbevax" title="Corbevax">Corbevax</a> (Bio E COVID-19)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/EuCorVac-19" title="EuCorVac-19">EuCorVac-19</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GBP510" title="GBP510">GBP510</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/IVX-411" title="IVX-411">IVX-411</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nanocovax" title="Nanocovax">Nanocovax</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Noora_(vaccine)" title="Noora (vaccine)">Noora</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Novavax COVID-19 vaccine">Novavax</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Razi_Cov_Pars" title="Razi Cov Pars">Razi Cov Pars</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93GSK_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine">Sanofi–GSK</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SCB-2019" title="SCB-2019">SCB-2019</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/UB-612" title="UB-612">UB-612</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/V-01" title="V-01">V-01</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/V451_vaccine" title="V451 vaccine">V451</a> (terminated)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vabiotech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Vabiotech COVID-19 vaccine">Vabiotech</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/West_China_Hospital_COVID-19_vaccine" title="West China Hospital COVID-19 vaccine">West China Hospital</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Zhongyianke_Biotech%E2%80%93Liaoning_Maokangyuan_Biotech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech COVID-19 vaccine">Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Viral vector</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/AdCLD-CoV19" title="AdCLD-CoV19">AdCLD-CoV19</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/BBV154" title="BBV154">BBV154</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/BriLife" title="BriLife">BriLife</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT" title="DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT">DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GRAd-COV2" title="GRAd-COV2">GRAd-COV2</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ImmunityBio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="ImmunityBio COVID-19 vaccine">ImmunityBio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NDV-HXP-S" title="NDV-HXP-S">NDV-HXP-S</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virus-like_particle" title="Virus-like particle">Virus-like particles</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/CoVLP" title="CoVLP">CoVLP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/VBI-2902" title="VBI-2902">VBI-2902</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment<br/>by location</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Algeria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Algeria">Algeria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Angola" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Angola">Angola</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin#Vaccination" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Benin">Benin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Botswana" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Botswana">Botswana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burkina_Faso" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burundi" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Burundi">Burundi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cape_Verde" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Chad" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Chad">Chad</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Comoros" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Djibouti" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Egypt">Egypt</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Eswatini" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ghana" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana">Ghana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Morocco" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Morocco">Morocco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nigeria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Senegal" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Senegal">Senegal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 vaccination in South Africa">South Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Zimbabwe" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bangladesh" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bhutan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China">Mainland China</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India" title="COVID-19 vaccination in India">India</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Indonesia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Israel">Israel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Japan">Japan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Kazakhstan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Malaysia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nepal" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Nepal">Nepal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Russia">Russia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore">Singapore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea">South Korea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sri_Lanka" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Taiwan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand">Thailand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Turkey" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Turkey">Turkey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Albania" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Albania">Albania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bulgaria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Croatia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Croatia">Croatia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Denmark" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Denmark">Denmark</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France" title="COVID-19 vaccination in France">France</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Germany">Germany</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Greece" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Greece">Greece</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Hungary" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Hungary">Hungary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iceland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Iceland">Iceland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Italy">Italy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Moldova" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Moldova">Moldova</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Norway" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Norway">Norway</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Romania" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Romania">Romania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Russia">Russia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Spain">Spain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sweden" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Sweden">Sweden</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Switzerland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ukraine" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Canada">Canada</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Quebec" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Haiti" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Haiti">Haiti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico">Mexico</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United States">United States</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States">mandates</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Australia">Australia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Fiji" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Fiji">Fiji</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Argentina" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Argentina">Argentina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil">Brazil</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Colombia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia">Colombia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Peru" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Peru">Peru</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica#Vaccination" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19" title="Treatment and management of COVID-19">Treatment</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">Drug development</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research" title="COVID-19 drug repurposing research">Drug repurposing research</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone#COVID‑19" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Baricitinib" title="Baricitinib">Baricitinib</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/RECOVERY_Trial" title="RECOVERY Trial">RECOVERY Trial</a> (UK)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_trial" title="Solidarity trial">Solidarity trial</a> (WHO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_ventilator#COVID-19_pandemic" title="Open-source ventilator">Open-source ventilator</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Extracorporeal_membrane_oxygenation#Use_in_COVID-19_patients" title="Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation">Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">Monoclonal antibodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamlanivimab/etesevimab" title="Bamlanivimab/etesevimab">Bamlanivimab/etesevimab</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamlanivimab" title="Bamlanivimab">Bamlanivimab</a></li>
<li>Etesevimab</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Casirivimab/imdevimab" title="Casirivimab/imdevimab">Casirivimab/imdevimab</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Regdanvimab" title="Regdanvimab">Regdanvimab</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sarilumab" title="Sarilumab">Sarilumab</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sotrovimab" title="Sotrovimab">Sotrovimab</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tocilizumab" title="Tocilizumab">Tocilizumab</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antiviral_drug" title="Antiviral drug">Small molecule antivirals</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad-spectrum_antiviral_drug" title="Broad-spectrum antiviral drug">Broad-spectrum</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remdesivir#COVID-19" title="Remdesivir">Remdesivir</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Molnupiravir" title="Molnupiravir">Molnupiravir</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col"><div id="Variants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Variants</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant">Alpha</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant">Beta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant">Gamma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant">Epsilon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant">Zeta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant">Eta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant">Theta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant">Iota</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant">Kappa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant">Lambda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant">Mu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Cluster 5</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617" title="SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617">Lineage B.1.617</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Variant_of_concern" title="Variant of concern">Variant of concern</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col"><div id="Institutions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Institutions</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Hospitals and<br/>medical clinics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Mainland China</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Hospital_of_Wuhan" title="Central Hospital of Wuhan">Central Hospital of Wuhan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dabie_Mountain_Regional_Medical_Centre" title="Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre">Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fangcang_hospital" title="Fangcang hospital">Fangcang hospitals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Huoshenshan_Hospital" title="Huoshenshan Hospital">Huoshenshan Hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Leishenshan_Hospital" title="Leishenshan Hospital">Leishenshan Hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_Xinjia_Express_Hotel" title="Collapse of Xinjia Express Hotel">Xinjia Express Hotel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Jinyintan_Hospital" title="Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital">Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic">Hospital ships</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Canberra_Coronavirus_Field_Hospital" title="Canberra Coronavirus Field Hospital">Canberra Coronavirus Field Hospital</a> (Australia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_El_Salvador" title="Hospital El Salvador">Hospital El Salvador</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SevenHills_Hospital#COVID-19_hospital" title="SevenHills Hospital">SevenHills Hospital</a> (India)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kemayoran_Athletes_Village" title="Kemayoran Athletes Village">Kemayoran Athletes Village</a> (Indonesia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pyongyang_General_Hospital" title="Pyongyang General Hospital">Pyongyang General Hospital</a> (North Korea)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Agro_Exposition_Park_Serdang" title="Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang">Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang</a> (Malaysia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mega_Ligtas_COVID_Centers" title="Mega Ligtas COVID Centers">Mega Ligtas COVID Centers</a> (Philippines)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kandakadu_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Centre" title="Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre">Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre</a> (Sri Lanka)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sancaktepe_Prof._Dr._Feriha_%C3%96z_Emergency_Hospital" title="Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital">Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital</a> (Turkey)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y_Prof._Dr._Murat_Dilmener_Emergency_Hospital" title="Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital">Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital</a> (Turkey)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_Heart_Hospital" title="Dragon's Heart Hospital">Dragon's Heart Hospital</a> (Wales)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Louisa_Jordan" title="NHS Louisa Jordan">NHS Louisa Jordan</a> (Scotland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom#NHS_England" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">NHS Nightingale Hospitals</a> (England)
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Birmingham" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital London">London</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_East" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital North East">North East</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_West" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital North West">North West</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Global</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Epidemic_Preparedness_Innovations" title="Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations">Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Tech_Handbook" title="Coronavirus Tech Handbook">Coronavirus Tech Handbook</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Solidarity_Response_Fund" title="COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund">COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Covid_Watch" title="Covid Watch">Covid Watch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/EcoHealth_Alliance" title="EcoHealth Alliance">EcoHealth Alliance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Committee_on_Vaccination_and_Immunisation" title="Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation">Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MusiCares_COVID-19_Relief_Fund" title="MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund">MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pasteur_Institute" title="Pasteur Institute">Pasteur Institute</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institut_Pasteur_du_Cambodge" title="Institut Pasteur du Cambodge">in Cambodia</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/UN_COVID-19_Supply_Chain_Task_Force" title="UN COVID-19 Supply Chain Task Force">UN COVID-19 Supply Chain Task Force</a> (WHO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic">United Nations</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_in_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of United Nations resolutions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic">resolutions</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic">World Health Organization</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (African Union)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Cabinet_(Australia)" title="National Cabinet (Australia)">National Cabinet (Australia)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_COVID-19_Commission_Advisory_Board" title="National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board">National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board</a> (Australia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Immunity_Task_Force" title="COVID-19 Immunity Task Force">COVID-19 Immunity Task Force</a> (Canada)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Supply_Council" title="COVID-19 Supply Council">COVID-19 Supply Council</a> (Canada)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ScienceUpFirst" title="ScienceUpFirst">ScienceUpFirst</a> (Canada)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Institute_of_Virology" title="Wuhan Institute of Virology">Wuhan Institute of Virology</a> (China)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PREPARE" title="PREPARE">PREPARE</a> (European Union)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Infectious_Disease_Centre" title="Ghana Infectious Disease Centre">Ghana Infectious Disease Centre</a> (Ghana)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Hong_Kong)" title="Department of Health (Hong Kong)">Department of Health (Hong Kong)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Expert_Group_on_Vaccine_Administration_for_COVID-19" title="National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19">National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19</a> (India)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund" title="PM CARES Fund">PM CARES Fund</a> (India)</li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/SAARC_COVID-19_Emergency_Fund" title="SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund">SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund</a> (India)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Response_Acceleration_Task_Force" title="COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force">COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force</a> (Indonesia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Health_Emergency_Team_(2020)" title="National Public Health Emergency Team (2020)">National Public Health Emergency Team</a> (Ireland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Novel_Coronavirus_Expert_Meeting" title="Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting">Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting</a> (Japan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Disease_Control_and_Prevention_Agency" title="Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency">Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency</a> (South Korea)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_Preparedness_and_Response_Centre" title="Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre">Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre</a> (Malaysia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Outbreak_Management_Team" title="Outbreak Management Team">Outbreak Management Team</a> (Netherlands)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Defeat_COVID-19_Ad_Hoc_Committee" title="Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee">Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee</a> (Philippines)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Agency_Task_Force_for_the_Management_of_Emerging_Infectious_Diseases" title="Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases">Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases</a> (Philippines)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Communicable_Diseases" title="National Institute for Communicable Diseases">National Institute for Communicable Diseases</a> (South Africa)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Central_Epidemic_Command_Center" title="Central Epidemic Command Center">Central Epidemic Command Center</a> (Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Centers_for_Disease_Control" title="Taiwan Centers for Disease Control">Taiwan Centers for Disease Control</a> (Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Scientific_Advisory_Board" title="Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board">Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board</a> (Turkey)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Genomics_UK_Consortium" title="COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium">COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium</a> (United Kingdom)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team">Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team</a> (United Kingdom)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Independent_SAGE" title="Independent SAGE">Independent SAGE</a> (United Kingdom)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Biosecurity_Centre" title="Joint Biosecurity Centre">Joint Biosecurity Centre</a> (United Kingdom)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_Taskforce" title="Vaccine Taskforce">Vaccine Taskforce</a> (United Kingdom)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Artist_Relief" title="Artist Relief">Artist Relief</a> (United States)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board" title="COVID-19 Advisory Board">COVID-19 Advisory Board</a> (United States)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups" title="Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups">Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups</a> (United States)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force" title="White House Coronavirus Task Force">White House Coronavirus Task Force</a> (United States)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="White House COVID-19 Response Team">White House COVID-19 Response Team</a> (United States)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GACH" title="GACH">GACH</a> (Uruguay)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Medical<br/>professionals</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai_Fen" title="Ai Fen">Ai Fen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corona_Rintawan" title="Corona Rintawan">Corona Rintawan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Li_Wenliang" title="Li Wenliang">Li Wenliang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Wen_(doctor)" title="Liu Wen (doctor)">Liu Wen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xie_Linka" title="Xie Linka">Xie Linka</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Wenhong" title="Zhang Wenhong">Zhang Wenhong</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Coronavirus_researchers" title="Category:Coronavirus researchers">Researchers</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awang_Bulgiba_Awang_Mahmud" title="Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud">Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Burioni" title="Roberto Burioni">Roberto Burioni</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Wei_(medical_scientist)" title="Chen Wei (medical scientist)">Chen Wei</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kizzmekia_Corbett" title="Kizzmekia Corbett">Kizzmekia Corbett</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Crisanti_(scientist)" title="Andrea Crisanti (scientist)">Andrea Crisanti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Daszak" title="Peter Daszak">Peter Daszak</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Drosten" title="Christian Drosten">Christian Drosten</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Ferguson_(epidemiologist)" title="Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)">Neil Ferguson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Fisher" title="Dale Fisher">Dale Fisher</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Gao" title="George F. Gao">George F. Gao</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Azra_Ghani" title="Azra Ghani">Azra Ghani</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Gilbert" title="Sarah Gilbert">Sarah Gilbert</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Yi" title="Guan Yi">Guan Yi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kentaro_Iwata" title="Kentaro Iwata">Kentaro Iwata</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Katalin Karikó</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Keeling" title="Matt Keeling">Matt Keeling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trudie_Lang" title="Trudie Lang">Trudie Lang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Li_Lanjuan" title="Li Lanjuan">Li Lanjuan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/W._Ian_Lipkin" title="W. Ian Lipkin">W. Ian Lipkin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xiaowei" title="Ma Xiaowei">Ma Xiaowei</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shabir_Madhi" title="Shabir Madhi">Shabir Madhi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Allison_McGeer" title="Allison McGeer">Allison McGeer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Camilla_Rothe" title="Camilla Rothe">Camilla Rothe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Zhengli" title="Shi Zhengli">Shi Zhengli</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moncef_Slaoui" title="Moncef Slaoui">Moncef Slaoui</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Tildesley" title="Mike Tildesley">Mike Tildesley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_Todd_(British_biologist)" title="John Todd (British biologist)">John Todd</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chen_(physician)" title="Wang Chen (physician)">Wang Chen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Guangfa" title="Wang Guangfa">Wang Guangfa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yuen_Kwok-yung" title="Yuen Kwok-yung">Yuen Kwok-yung</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zeng_Guang" title="Zeng Guang">Zeng Guang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jixian" title="Zhang Jixian">Zhang Jixian</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yongzhen" title="Zhang Yongzhen">Zhang Yongzhen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zhong_Nanshan" title="Zhong Nanshan">Zhong Nanshan</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Officials</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">WHO</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom" title="Tedros Adhanom">Tedros Adhanom</a> (Director-General of the WHO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Aylward" title="Bruce Aylward">Bruce Aylward</a> (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Van_Kerkhove" title="Maria Van Kerkhove">Maria Van Kerkhove</a> (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Ryan_(doctor)" title="Michael J. Ryan (doctor)">Michael J. Ryan</a> (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Atherton" title="Frank Atherton">Frank Atherton</a> (Wales)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Bloomfield" title="Ashley Bloomfield">Ashley Bloomfield</a> (New Zealand)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Calderwood" title="Catherine Calderwood">Catherine Calderwood</a> (Scotland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chang_Shan-chwen" title="Chang Shan-chwen">Chang Shan-chwen</a> (Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Shih-chung" title="Chen Shih-chung">Chen Shih-chung</a> (Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chuang_Yin-ching" title="Chuang Yin-ching">Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching</a> (Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Costache" title="Victor Costache">Victor Costache</a> (Romania)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Curcio" title="Fabrizio Curcio">Fabrizio Curcio</a> (Italy)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Deseda" title="Carmen Deseda">Carmen Deseda</a> (Puerto Rico)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jaap_van_Dissel" title="Jaap van Dissel">Jaap van Dissel</a> (the Netherlands)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Drosten" title="Christian Drosten">Christian Drosten</a> (Germany)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Duque_III" title="Francisco Duque III">Francisco Duque III</a> (Philippines)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a> (United States)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Paolo_Figliuolo" title="Francesco Paolo Figliuolo">Francesco Paolo Figliuolo</a> (Italy)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Freitas" title="Graça Freitas">Graça Freitas</a> (Portugal)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Henrique_Gouveia_e_Melo" title="Henrique Gouveia e Melo">Henrique Gouveia e Melo</a> (Portugal)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Hancock" title="Matt Hancock">Matt Hancock</a> (United Kingdom)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hamad_Hasan" title="Hamad Hasan">Hamad Hasan</a> (Lebanon)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Hunt" title="Greg Hunt">Greg Hunt</a> (Australia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Holohan" title="Tony Holohan">Tony Holohan</a> (Ireland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jeong_Eun-kyeong" title="Jeong Eun-kyeong">Jeong Eun-kyeong</a> (South Korea)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fahrettin_Koca" title="Fahrettin Koca">Fahrettin Koca</a> (Turkey)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a> (China)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McBride_(doctor)" title="Michael McBride (doctor)">Michael McBride</a> (Northern Ireland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oriol_Mitj%C3%A0" title="Oriol Mitjà">Oriol Mitjà</a> (Andorra)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zweli_Mkhize" title="Zweli Mkhize">Zweli Mkhize</a> (South Africa)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Doni_Monardo" title="Doni Monardo">Doni Monardo</a> (Indonesia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alma_M%C3%B6ller" title="Alma Möller">Alma Möller</a> (Iceland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Namaki" title="Saeed Namaki">Saeed Namaki</a> (Iran)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ala_Nemerenco" title="Ala Nemerenco">Ala Nemerenco</a> (Moldova)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Thanh_Long" title="Nguyễn Thanh Long">Nguyễn Thanh Long</a> (Vietnam)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Noor_Hisham_Abdullah" title="Noor Hisham Abdullah">Noor Hisham Abdullah</a> (Malaysia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Pilli" title="Ali Pilli">Ali Pilli</a> (Northern Cyprus)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Salinas" title="Daniel Salinas">Daniel Salinas</a> (Uruguay)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Salomon" title="Jérôme Salomon">Jérôme Salomon</a> (France)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sim%C3%B3n" title="Fernando Simón">Fernando Simón</a> (Spain)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Smith" title="Gregor Smith">Gregor Smith</a> (Scotland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Su_Ih-jen" title="Su Ih-jen">Su Ih-jen</a> (Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81ukasz_Szumowski" title="Łukasz Szumowski">Łukasz Szumowski</a> (Poland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_Tam" title="Theresa Tam">Theresa Tam</a> (Canada)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Tegnell" title="Anders Tegnell">Anders Tegnell</a> (Sweden)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B3lfur_Gu%C3%B0nason" title="Þórólfur Guðnason">Þórólfur Guðnason</a> (Iceland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sotiris_Tsiodras" title="Sotiris Tsiodras">Sotiris Tsiodras</a> (Greece)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Harsh_Vardhan_(Delhi_politician)" title="Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)">Harsh Vardhan</a> (India)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0ir_Reynisson" title="Víðir Reynisson">Víðir Reynisson</a> (Iceland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Vizzotti" title="Carla Vizzotti">Carla Vizzotti</a> (Argentina)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vlad_Voiculescu" title="Vlad Voiculescu">Vlad Voiculescu</a> (Romania)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Whitty" title="Chris Whitty">Chris Whitty</a> (United Kingdom)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Lawrence Wong</a> (Singapore)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Zients" title="Jeffrey Zients">Jeffrey Zients</a> (United States)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Qiushi" title="Chen Qiushi">Chen Qiushi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Crozier" title="Brett Crozier">Brett Crozier</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Bin" title="Fang Bin">Fang Bin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Fang" title="Fang Fang">Fang Fang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ashitey_Hammond" title="Joseph Ashitey Hammond">Joseph Ashitey Hammond</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zehua" title="Li Zehua">Li Zehua</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Tom_Moore" title="Captain Tom Moore">Captain Tom Moore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Qiu_Menghuang" title="Qiu Menghuang">Qiu Menghuang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ren_Zhiqiang" title="Ren Zhiqiang">Ren Zhiqiang</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Deaths</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">List</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" scope="col"><div id="Data_(templates)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Data (templates)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory#Statistics" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Cases, deaths, recoveries by country</a></li>
<li>WHO situation reports
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">cases</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_January_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in January 2020">January 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_February_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in February 2020">February 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_March_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in March 2020">March 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_April_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in April 2020">April 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_May_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in May 2020">May 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_June_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in June 2020">June 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_July_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in July 2020">July 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_August_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in August 2020">August 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_September_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in September 2020">September 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_October_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in October 2020">October 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_November_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in November 2020">November 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_December_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in December 2020">December 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_January_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in January 2021">January 2021</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_February_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in February 2021">February 2021</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_March_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in March 2021">March 2021</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_April_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in April 2021">April 2021</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_May_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in May 2021">May 2021</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_June_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in June 2021">June 2021</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_July_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in July 2021">July 2021</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">deaths</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">World map by countries: confirmed per capita</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_hospital_beds#Numbers" title="List of countries by hospital beds">Hospital beds by country</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns#Table_of_pandemic_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">Lockdowns</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><b><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_(Wikimedia_colors).svg"><img alt="SARS-CoV-2 (Wikimedia colors).svg" class="noviewer" data-file-height="666" data-file-width="666" decoding="async" height="16" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/16px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/24px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/32px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 2x" width="16"/></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:COVID-19" title="Portal:COVID-19">COVID-19 portal</a></b></li>
<li><img alt="Category" class="noviewer" data-file-height="185" data-file-width="180" decoding="async" height="16" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" title="Category" width="16"/> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:COVID-19_pandemic" title="Category:COVID-19 pandemic">Category</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r891577481">.mw-parser-output .subjectbar{background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:88%}</style><table class="subjectbar noprint metadata plainlist" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td style="width:125px;border-right:solid 1px black; padding-left:3px; padding-right:3px;"><span style="font-size:125%"><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a></b></span><br/><span style="font-size:90%">Access related topics</span></td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_(Wikimedia_colors).svg"><img alt="SARS-CoV-2 (Wikimedia colors).svg" data-file-height="666" data-file-width="666" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/30px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/45px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/60px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 2x" width="30"/></a></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:COVID-19" title="Portal:COVID-19">COVID-19 portal</a></b></i></span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg"><img alt="Ambox globe Asia Australia.svg" data-file-height="512" data-file-width="512" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg/30px-Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg/45px-Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg/60px-Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" width="30"/></a></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></b></i></span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Sida-aids.png"><img alt="Sida-aids.png" data-file-height="290" data-file-width="290" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sida-aids.png/30px-Sida-aids.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sida-aids.png/45px-Sida-aids.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sida-aids.png/60px-Sida-aids.png 2x" width="30"/></a></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Viruses" title="Portal:Viruses">Viruses portal</a></b></i></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td style="width:125px;border-right:solid 1px black; padding-left:3px; padding-right:3px;"><span style="font-size:90%">Find out more on<br/>Wikipedia's</span><br/><span style="font-size:125%"><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">Sister projects</a></b></span></td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="1376" data-file-width="1024" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" width="22"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:COVID-19_pandemic" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:COVID-19 pandemic">Media</a><br/>from Commons</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="1103" data-file-width="941" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/26px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/38px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" width="26"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19" title="wikispecies:Special:Search/COVID-19">Species directories</a><br/>from Wikispecies</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="193" data-file-width="193" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/30px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/45px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" width="30"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19_pandemic" title="voy:Special:Search/COVID-19 pandemic">Travel guides</a><br/>from Wikivoyage</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="415" data-file-width="759" decoding="async" height="16" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/30px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/45px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" width="30"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19" title="wikinews:Special:Search/COVID-19">News stories</a><br/>from Wikinews</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="391" data-file-width="391" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/45px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" width="30"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19#English" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/COVID-19">Definitions</a><br/>from Wiktionary</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="300" data-file-width="300" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/30px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/45px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" width="30"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/COVID-19">Textbooks</a><br/>from Wikibooks</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="355" data-file-width="300" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/25px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/38px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" width="25"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19_pandemic" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/COVID-19 pandemic">Quotations</a><br/>from Wikiquote</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="430" data-file-width="410" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/29px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/43px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" width="29"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19" title="wikisource:Special:Search/COVID-19">Source texts</a><br/>from Wikisource</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="512" data-file-width="626" decoding="async" height="25" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/30px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/45px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/60px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" width="30"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/COVID-19">Learning resources</a><br/>from Wikiversity</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="590" data-file-width="1050" decoding="async" height="17" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/45px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" width="30"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19" title="wikidata:Special:Search/COVID-19">Data</a><br/>from Wikidata</span></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covid-19-pandemie" hreflang="af" lang="af" title="Covid-19-pandemie – Afrikaans"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19-Pandemie" hreflang="gsw" lang="gsw" title="COVID-19-Pandemie – Alemannisch"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-20_%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%AE%E1%8A%93%E1%89%AB%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%A8%E1%88%B5_%E1%8B%88%E1%88%A8%E1%88%AD%E1%88%BD%E1%8A%9D" hreflang="am" lang="am" title="2019-20 ኮሮናቫይረስ ወረርሽኝ – Amharic"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" hreflang="ar" lang="ar" title="جائحة فيروس كورونا – Arabic"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="an" lang="an" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Aragonese"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A8mia_de_cr%C3%A8va_de_coronavirus_de_2019-2020" hreflang="frp" lang="frp" title="Pandèmia de crèva de coronavirus de 2019-2020 – Arpitan"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%27%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80" hreflang="as" lang="as" title="ক'ভিড-১৯ বৈশ্বিক মহামাৰী – Assamese"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="ast" lang="ast" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Asturian"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" hreflang="awa" lang="awa" title="२०१९-२० कोरोना भाइरस महामारी – Awadhi"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%C3%B1emosarambi_guasu" hreflang="gn" lang="gn" title="COVID-19 ñemosarambi guasu – Guarani"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_koronavirus_pandemiyas%C4%B1" hreflang="az" lang="az" title="COVID-19 koronavirus pandemiyası – Azerbaijani"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DB%B1%DB%B9_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" hreflang="azb" lang="azb" title="کووید-۱۹ پاندامی – South Azerbaijani"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_koronavirus_2019-2020" hreflang="ban" lang="ban" title="Pandemi koronavirus 2019-2020 – Balinese"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80" hreflang="bn" lang="bn" title="কোভিড-১৯ এর বৈশ্বিক মহামারী – Bangla"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_COVID-19" hreflang="bjn" lang="bjn" title="Pandemi COVID-19 – Banjar"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_t%C5%8Da-li%C3%BB-h%C3%AAng" hreflang="nan" lang="nan" title="COVID-19 tōa-liû-hêng – Chinese (Min Nan)"><span>Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_COVID-19" hreflang="be" lang="be" title="Пандэмія COVID-19 – Belarusian"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96_(2019)" hreflang="be-tarask" lang="be-tarask" title="Пандэмія каранавіруснай інфэкцыі (2019) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1-19_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" hreflang="bh" lang="bh" title="कोविड-19 महामारी – Bhojpuri"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus-_Pagbungkaras_2019-20" hreflang="bcl" lang="bcl" title="Coronavirus- Pagbungkaras 2019-20 – Central Bikol"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" hreflang="bg" lang="bg" title="Коронавирусна пандемия – Bulgarian"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" hreflang="bo" lang="bo" title="ཏོག་དབྱིབས་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་རིམས་ནད། – Tibetan"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_COVID-a_19" hreflang="bs" lang="bs" title="Pandemija COVID-a 19 – Bosnian"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedreuziad_COVID-19" hreflang="br" lang="br" title="Bedreuziad COVID-19 – Breton"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB" hreflang="bxr" lang="bxr" title="Коронавирус тахал – Russia Buriat"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A8mia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="ca" lang="ca" title="Pandèmia de COVID-19 – Catalan"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" hreflang="cv" lang="cv" title="COVID-19 пандеми – Chuvash"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_pandemya" hreflang="ceb" lang="ceb" title="Coronavirus pandemya – Cebuano"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemie_covidu-19" hreflang="cs" lang="cs" title="Pandemie covidu-19 – Czech"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mliri_wa_kachilombo_ka_corona_2019-20" hreflang="ny" lang="ny" title="Mliri wa kachilombo ka corona 2019-20 – Nyanja"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemig_COVID-19" hreflang="cy" lang="cy" title="Pandemig COVID-19 – Welsh"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronaviruspandemien" hreflang="da" lang="da" title="Coronaviruspandemien – Danish"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19-Pandemie" hreflang="de" lang="de" title="COVID-19-Pandemie – German"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" hreflang="dty" lang="dty" title="२०१९-२० कोरोनाभाइरस महामारी – Doteli"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koroonapandeemia" hreflang="et" lang="et" title="Koroonapandeemia – Estonian"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1_COVID-19" hreflang="el" lang="el" title="Πανδημία COVID-19 – Greek"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="es" lang="es" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Spanish"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronvirusa_pandemio_de_2019-2021" hreflang="eo" lang="eo" title="Kronvirusa pandemio de 2019-2021 – Esperanto"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemia" hreflang="eu" lang="eu" title="COVID-19 pandemia – Basque"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DB%B1%DB%B9" hreflang="fa" lang="fa" title="دنیاگیری کووید-۱۹ – Persian"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A9mie_de_Covid-19" hreflang="fr" lang="fr" title="Pandémie de Covid-19 – French"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paind%C3%A9im_COVID-19" hreflang="ga" lang="ga" title="Paindéim COVID-19 – Irish"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="gl" lang="gl" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Galician"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85" hreflang="gan" lang="gan" title="2019冠状病毒病疫情 – Gan Chinese"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_thai-li%C3%B9-h%C3%A0ng" hreflang="hak" lang="hak" title="COVID-19 thai-liù-hàng – Hakka Chinese"><span>客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%82%9819_%EB%B2%94%EC%9C%A0%ED%96%89" hreflang="ko" lang="ko" title="코로나19 범유행 – Korean"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%CA%BBi_laul%C4%81_kolona" hreflang="haw" lang="haw" title="Maʻi laulā kolona – Hawaiian"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF" hreflang="hy" lang="hy" title="COVID-19 համավարակ – Armenian"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" hreflang="hi" lang="hi" title="2019–20 कोरोनावायरस महामारी – Hindi"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_COVID-19" hreflang="hr" lang="hr" title="Pandemija COVID-19 – Croatian"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_Covid-19" hreflang="id" lang="id" title="Pandemi Covid-19 – Indonesian"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_Covid-19" hreflang="ia" lang="ia" title="Pandemia de Covid-19 – Interlingua"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%84%E1%95%99%E1%92%A1%E1%94%AA%E1%90%8A%E1%95%90%E1%93%87%E1%96%85-19_%E1%96%83%E1%93%84%E1%90%83%E1%93%90%E1%93%82%E1%90%85%E1%94%AA%E1%93%84%E1%91%A6" hreflang="iu" lang="iu" title="ᓄᕙᒡᔪᐊᕐᓇᖅ-19 ᖃᓄᐃᓐᓂᐅᔪᓄᑦ – Inuktitut"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ/inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isifo_se-Coronavirus_2019" hreflang="xh" lang="xh" title="Isifo se-Coronavirus 2019 – Xhosa"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isifo_seCoronavirus_2019" hreflang="zu" lang="zu" title="Isifo seCoronavirus 2019 – Zulu"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3r%C3%B3naveirufaraldurinn_2019%E2%80%932021" hreflang="is" lang="is" title="Kórónaveirufaraldurinn 2019–2021 – Icelandic"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_di_COVID-19" hreflang="it" lang="it" title="Pandemia di COVID-19 – Italian"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" hreflang="he" lang="he" title="מגפת הקורונה – Hebrew"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pageblug_koronavirus_2019%E2%80%932020" hreflang="jv" lang="jv" title="Pageblug koronavirus 2019–2020 – Javanese"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_2019-2020" hreflang="ka" lang="ka" title="კორონავირუსის პანდემია 2019-2020 – Georgian"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" hreflang="kk" lang="kk" title="COVID-19 пандемиясы – Kazakh"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlipuko_wa_virusi_vya_corona_2019-20" hreflang="sw" lang="sw" title="Mlipuko wa virusi vya corona 2019-20 – Swahili"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_Covid-19" hreflang="ht" lang="ht" title="Pandemi Covid-19 – Haitian Creole"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belavb%C3%BBna_v%C3%AErusa_Koronay%C3%AA_2019-20" hreflang="ku" lang="ku" title="Belavbûna vîrusa Koronayê 2019-20 – Kurdish"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" hreflang="ky" lang="ky" title="COVID-19 пандемиясы – Kyrgyz"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%84%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%AA_2019-2020" hreflang="lo" lang="lo" title="ການລະບາດທົ່ວຂອງໂຄໂຣນາໄວຣັສ 2019-2020 – Lao"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pand%C4%93mija" hreflang="lv" lang="lv" title="COVID-19 pandēmija – Latvian"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19-Pandemie" hreflang="lb" lang="lb" title="COVID-19-Pandemie – Luxembourgish"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemija" hreflang="lt" lang="lt" title="COVID-19 pandemija – Lithuanian"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandem%C3%AEa_de_COVID-19_do_2019-2020" hreflang="lij" lang="lij" title="Pandemîa de COVID-19 do 2019-2020 – Ligurian"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemica_de_coronavirus_de_2019-2020" hreflang="lfn" lang="lfn" title="Pandemica de coronavirus de 2019-2020 – Lingua Franca Nova"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="lmo" lang="lmo" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Lombard"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covid19-pand%C3%A9mia" hreflang="hu" lang="hu" title="Covid19-pandémia – Hungarian"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%98%D0%94-19" hreflang="mk" lang="mk" title="Пандемија на КОВИД-19 – Macedonian"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D-19_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" hreflang="ml" lang="ml" title="കോവിഡ്-19 ആഗോള മഹാമാരി – Malayalam"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_tal-COVID-19" hreflang="mt" lang="mt" title="Pandemija tal-COVID-19 – Maltese"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95" hreflang="mr" lang="mr" title="२०१९-२०२० वुहान कोरोना व्हायरसचा उद्रेक – Marathi"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%83%D9%88%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%AF-19" hreflang="arz" lang="arz" title="وباء كوڤيد-19 – Egyptian Arabic"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemik_COVID-19" hreflang="ms" lang="ms" title="Pandemik COVID-19 – Malay"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5_%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%81_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5_%EA%AF%B2%EA%AF%B0%EA%AF%B1%EA%AF%B9_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A0" hreflang="mni" lang="mni" title="ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯏꯔꯁ ꯂꯩꯅꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯹ ꯂꯥꯏꯆꯠ – Manipuri"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_koronavirus_2019%E2%80%932020" hreflang="min" lang="min" title="Pandemi koronavirus 2019–2020 – Minangkabau"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%C4%ADk-c%C3%ACng" hreflang="cdo" lang="cdo" title="COVID-19 ĭk-cìng – Min Dong Chinese"><span>Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemie_de_coronab%C3%ADrus" hreflang="mwl" lang="mwl" title="Pandemie de coronabírus – Mirandese"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%82%E1%81%80%E1%81%81%E1%81%89-%E1%81%82%E1%81%80_%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%97%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF" hreflang="my" lang="my" title="၂၀၁၉-၂၀ ကိုရိုနာဗိုင်းရပ်စ် ဖြစ်ပွားမှု – Burmese"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronapandemie" hreflang="nl" lang="nl" title="Coronapandemie – Dutch"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" hreflang="ne" lang="ne" title="२०१९-२० कोरोना भाइरस प्रकोप – Nepali"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E7%97%87%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C_(2019%E5%B9%B4-)" hreflang="ja" lang="ja" title="新型コロナウイルス感染症の世界的流行 (2019年-) – Japanese"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" hreflang="ce" lang="ce" title="COVID-19 уьнан пандеми – Chechen"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronaviruspandemien" hreflang="nb" lang="nb" title="Koronaviruspandemien – Norwegian Bokmål"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronapandemien" hreflang="nn" lang="nn" title="Koronapandemien – Norwegian Nynorsk"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemiyasi" hreflang="uz" lang="uz" title="COVID-19 pandemiyasi – Uzbek"><span>Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" hreflang="pa" lang="pa" title="2019–20 ਕੋਰੋਨਾਵਾਇਰਸ ਮਹਾਮਾਰੀ – Punjabi"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%8C_2019%D8%A1_-_2020%D8%A1" hreflang="pnb" lang="pnb" title="کورونا وائرس دی عالمی وبا، 2019ء - 2020ء – Western Punjabi"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_coronavirus_2019-2020" hreflang="pap" lang="pap" title="Pandemia coronavirus 2019-2020 – Papiamento"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%A1%E1%9F%A9" hreflang="km" lang="km" title="ជម្ងឺរាតត្បាតកូវីដ១៩ – Khmer"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" hreflang="tpi" lang="tpi" title="COVID-19 pandemic – Tok Pisin"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_COVID-19" hreflang="pl" lang="pl" title="Pandemia COVID-19 – Polish"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="pt" lang="pt" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Portuguese"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="ro" lang="ro" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Romanian"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurunawirus_lliw_unqurichiq" hreflang="qu" lang="qu" title="Kurunawirus lliw unqurichiq – Quechua"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0_COVID-19" hreflang="rue" lang="rue" title="Пандемія коронавіруса COVID-19 – Rusyn"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_COVID-19" hreflang="ru" lang="ru" title="Пандемия COVID-19 – Russian"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" hreflang="sah" lang="sah" title="COVID-19 пандемията – Sakha"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%92%E1%B1%90%E1%B1%91%E1%B1%99-%E1%B1%92%E1%B1%90_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C_%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AB_%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AD" hreflang="sat" lang="sat" title="᱒᱐᱑᱙-᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱳᱹᱨᱞᱚᱭ – Santali"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A8mia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="sc" lang="sc" title="Pandèmia de COVID-19 – Sardinian"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" hreflang="sco" lang="sco" title="COVID-19 pandemic – Scots"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefu_la_Coronavirus" hreflang="st" lang="st" title="Lefu la Coronavirus – Southern Sotho"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolwetse_jwa_Mogare_wa_Khorona_2019" hreflang="tn" lang="tn" title="Bolwetse jwa Mogare wa Khorona 2019 – Tswana"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_e_COVID-19" hreflang="sq" lang="sq" title="Pandemia e COVID-19 – Albanian"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A-19_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" hreflang="si" lang="si" title="කොවිඩ්-19 ව්යාප්ත වසංගතය – Sinhala"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" hreflang="en-simple" lang="en-simple" title="COVID-19 pandemic – Simple English"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_%DA%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" hreflang="sd" lang="sd" title="2019–20 ڪوروناوائرس مها وبا – Sindhi"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A9mia_ochorenia_COVID-19" hreflang="sk" lang="sk" title="Pandémia ochorenia COVID-19 – Slovak"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_koronavirusne_bolezni_2019" hreflang="sl" lang="sl" title="Pandemija koronavirusne bolezni 2019 – Slovenian"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandymijo_COVID-19" hreflang="szl" lang="szl" title="Pandymijo COVID-19 – Silesian"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayraska_faafa_ee_Korona_2019%E2%80%9320" hreflang="so" lang="so" title="Fayraska faafa ee Korona 2019–20 – Somali"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%A2%D9%A0%D9%A1%D9%A9%E2%80%93%D9%A2%D9%A0" hreflang="ckb" lang="ckb" title="گشتگیربوونی ڤایرۆسی کۆرۆنای ٢٠١٩–٢٠ – Central Kurdish"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0_19" hreflang="sr" lang="sr" title="Пандемија ковида 19 – Serbian"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_COVID-19" hreflang="sh" lang="sh" title="Pandemija COVID-19 – Serbo-Croatian"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronaviruspandemia_2019%E2%80%93" hreflang="fi" lang="fi" title="Koronaviruspandemia 2019– – Finnish"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronaviruspandemin_2019%E2%80%932021" hreflang="sv" lang="sv" title="Coronaviruspandemin 2019–2021 – Swedish"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemya_ng_COVID-19" hreflang="tl" lang="tl" title="Pandemya ng COVID-19 – Tagalog"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D-19_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" hreflang="ta" lang="ta" title="கோவிட்-19 பெருந்தொற்று – Tamil"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADan_n_kurunafirus_2019" hreflang="shi" lang="shi" title="Aṭṭan n kurunafirus 2019 – Tachelhit"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arwas_n_wa%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADan_n_Ku%E1%B9%9Bunavirus_2019-20" hreflang="kab" lang="kab" title="Arwas n waṭṭan n Kuṛunavirus 2019-20 – Kabyle"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%95%E1%80%B5%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B5%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9D%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%82%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%81%B6%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%87_2019-20" hreflang="shn" lang="shn" title="လွင်ႈပဵၼ်တၢင်းပဵၼ် ဝၢႆးရႅတ်ႉၶူဝ်ႇရူဝ်ႇၼႃႇ 2019-20 – Shan"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9321_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF" hreflang="te" lang="te" title="2019–21 కరోనావైరస్ మహమ్మారి – Telugu"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94-19" hreflang="th" lang="th" title="การระบาดทั่วของโควิด-19 – Thai"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%88%E1%89%A0%E1%8B%B3_%E1%8A%AE%E1%89%AA%E1%8B%B5-19" hreflang="ti" lang="ti" title="ለበዳ ኮቪድ-19 – Tigrinya"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_COVID-19" hreflang="tg" lang="tg" title="Дунёгирии COVID-19 – Tajik"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vhulwadze_Ha_Coronavirus_2019" hreflang="ve" lang="ve" title="Vhulwadze Ha Coronavirus 2019 – Venda"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemisi" hreflang="tr" lang="tr" title="COVID-19 pandemisi – Turkish"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korona_wirusy_(2019-2020)" hreflang="tk" lang="tk" title="Korona wirusy (2019-2020) – Turkmen"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yare%C9%9B_a_y%C9%9B_fr%C9%9B_no_Coronavirus" hreflang="tw" lang="tw" title="Yareɛ a yɛ frɛ no Coronavirus – Twi"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%8C%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%93%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%89-19_%E1%A8%84%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%89%E1%A8%99%E1%A8%86%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%80" hreflang="bug" lang="bug" title="ᨌᨚᨓᨗᨉ-19 ᨄᨕᨊᨉᨙᨆᨗᨀ – Buginese"><span>ᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_2019" hreflang="uk" lang="uk" title="Пандемія коронавірусної хвороби 2019 – Ukrainian"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%B3_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" hreflang="ur" lang="ur" title="کورونا وائرس کی عالمی وبا – Urdu"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-2020_%DB%8B%DB%87%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8B%D9%89%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%89%DA%AD_%D8%B4%D9%89%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B4%D9%89_%DB%8B%DB%95%D9%82%DB%95%D8%B3%D9%89" hreflang="ug" lang="ug" title="2019-2020 ۋۇخەن تاجىسىمان ۋىرۇسنىڭ شىددەتلىك تارقىلىشى ۋەقەسى – Uyghur"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" hreflang="vec" lang="vec" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Venetian"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_d%E1%BB%8Bch_COVID-19" hreflang="vi" lang="vi" title="Đại dịch COVID-19 – Vietnamese"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B1%E4%BA%A5%E8%8D%8A%E6%A5%9A%E5%A4%A7%E7%96%AB" hreflang="lzh" lang="lzh" title="己亥荊楚大疫 – Classical Chinese"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemya_nga_COVID-19" hreflang="war" lang="war" title="Pandemya nga COVID-19 – Waray"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A0ngoro_Koronaawiris_2019" hreflang="wo" lang="wo" title="Jàngoro Koronaawiris 2019 – Wolof"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8B%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E%E4%BA%8B%E4%BD%93" hreflang="wuu" lang="wuu" title="2019新型冠状病毒肺炎事体 – Wu Chinese"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntungu_wa_Khorona_ya_2019" hreflang="ts" lang="ts" title="Ntungu wa Khorona ya 2019 – Tsonga"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93-19_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7" hreflang="yi" lang="yi" title="קאוויד-19 פאנדעמיק – Yiddish"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80j%C3%A0k%C3%A1y%C3%A9-%C3%A0r%C3%B9n_%C3%A8r%C3%A0nk%C3%B2r%C3%B3n%C3%A0_%E1%BB%8Dd%C3%BAn_2019-2020" hreflang="yo" lang="yo" title="Àjàkáyé-àrùn èrànkòrónà ọdún 2019-2020 – Yoruba"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E6%BC%A2%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E%E5%A4%A7%E7%88%86%E7%99%BC" hreflang="yue" lang="yue" title="武漢肺炎大爆發 – Cantonese"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemiya_COVID-19i" hreflang="diq" lang="diq" title="Pandemiya COVID-19i – Zazaki"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-2020_m._Kuoruonas_v%C4%97rosa_ep%C4%97dem%C4%97j%C4%97" hreflang="sgs" lang="sgs" title="2019-2020 m. Kuoruonas vėrosa epėdemėjė – Samogitian"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85" hreflang="zh" lang="zh" title="2019冠状病毒病疫情 – Chinese"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19" hreflang="dag" lang="dag" title="COVID-19 – Dagbani"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li></ul>
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countries = requests.get('https://www.scrapethissite.com/pages/simple/')
countries.status_code
200
countries.content
b'<!doctype html>\n<html lang="en">\n <head>\n <meta charset="utf-8">\n <title>Countries of the World: A Simple Example | Scrape This Site | A public sandbox for learning web scraping</title>\n <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/static/images/scraper-icon.png" />\n\n <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">\n <meta name="description" content="A single page that lists information about all the countries in the world. Good for those just get started with web scraping.">\n\n <link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha256-MfvZlkHCEqatNoGiOXveE8FIwMzZg4W85qfrfIFBfYc= sha512-dTfge/zgoMYpP7QbHy4gWMEGsbsdZeCXz7irItjcC3sPUFtf0kuFbDz/ixG7ArTxmDjLXDmezHubeNikyKGVyQ==" crossorigin="anonymous">\n <link href=\'https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700\' rel=\'stylesheet\' type=\'text/css\'>\n <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/css/styles.css">\n\n \n<meta name="robots" content="noindex">\n<link href="https://lipis.github.io/flag-icon-css/css/flag-icon.css" rel="stylesheet">\n\n\n </head>\n\n <body>\n <nav id="site-nav">\n <div class="container">\n <div class="col-md-12">\n <ul class="nav nav-tabs">\n <li id="nav-homepage">\n <a href="/" class="nav-link hidden-sm hidden-xs">\n <img src="/static/images/scraper-icon.png" id="nav-logo">\n Scrape This Site\n </a>\n </li>\n <li id="nav-sandbox">\n <a href="/pages/" class="nav-link">\n <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-console hidden-sm hidden-xs"></i>\n Sandbox\n </a>\n </li>\n <li id="nav-lessons">\n <a href="/lessons/" class="nav-link">\n <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-education hidden-sm hidden-xs"></i>\n Lessons\n </a>\n </li>\n <li id="nav-faq">\n <a href="/faq/" class="nav-link">\n <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-flag hidden-sm hidden-xs"></i>\n FAQ\n </a>\n </li>\n \n <li id="nav-login" class="pull-right">\n <a href="/login/" class="nav-link">\n Login\n </a>\n </li>\n \n </ul>\n </div>\n </div>\n </nav>\n\n <script type="text/javascript">\n var path = document.location.pathname;\n var tab = undefined;\n if (path === "/"){\n tab = document.querySelector("#nav-homepage");\n } else if (path.indexOf("/faq/") === 0){\n tab = document.querySelector("#nav-faq");\n } else if (path.indexOf("/lessons/") === 0){\n tab = document.querySelector("#nav-lessons");\n } else if (path.indexOf("/pages/") === 0) {\n tab = document.querySelector("#nav-sandbox");\n } else if (path.indexOf("/login/") === 0) {\n tab = document.querySelector("#nav-login");\n }\n tab.classList.add("active")\n </script>\n\n \n\n <div id="page">\n\n <section id="countries">\n <div class="container">\n\n <div class="row">\n <div class="col-md-12">\n <h1>\n Countries of the World: A Simple Example\n <small>250 items</small>\n </h1>\n <hr />\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class="row">\n <div class="col-md-12">\n <p class="lead">\n A single page that lists information about all the countries in the world. Good for those just get started with web scraping.\n Practice looking for patterns in the HTML that will allow you to extract information about each country. Then, build a simple web scraper that makes a request to this page, parses the HTML and prints out each country's name.\n </p>\n <hr />\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class="row">\n <div class="col-md-6">\n <p>\n <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-education"></i> There are <a href="/lessons/">4 video lessons</a> that show you how to scrape this page.\n </p>\n <hr />\n </div>\n <div class="col-md-6 text-right">\n <p>\n \n Data via\n <a href="https://peric.github.io/GetCountries/" class="data-attribution" target="_blank">http://peric.github.io/GetCountries/</a>\n \n </p>\n <hr />\n </div>\n </div>\n\n <div class="row">\n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ad"></i>\n Andorra\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Andorra la Vella</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">84000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">468.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ae"></i>\n United Arab Emirates\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Abu Dhabi</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4975593</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">82880.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-af"></i>\n Afghanistan\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kabul</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">29121286</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">647500.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ag"></i>\n Antigua and Barbuda\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">St. John's</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">86754</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">443.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ai"></i>\n Anguilla\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">The Valley</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13254</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">102.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-al"></i>\n Albania\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tirana</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2986952</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">28748.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-am"></i>\n Armenia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yerevan</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2968000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">29800.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ao"></i>\n Angola\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Luanda</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13068161</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1246700.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-aq"></i>\n Antarctica\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1.4E7</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ar"></i>\n Argentina\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Buenos Aires</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">41343201</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2766890.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-as"></i>\n American Samoa\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pago Pago</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">57881</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">199.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-at"></i>\n Austria\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vienna</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8205000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">83858.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-au"></i>\n Australia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Canberra</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21515754</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">7686850.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-aw"></i>\n Aruba\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Oranjestad</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">71566</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">193.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ax"></i>\n \xc3\x85land\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mariehamn</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">26711</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1580.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-az"></i>\n Azerbaijan\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Baku</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8303512</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">86600.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ba"></i>\n Bosnia and Herzegovina\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sarajevo</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4590000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">51129.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bb"></i>\n Barbados\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bridgetown</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">285653</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">431.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bd"></i>\n Bangladesh\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dhaka</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">156118464</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">144000.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-be"></i>\n Belgium\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Brussels</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10403000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">30510.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bf"></i>\n Burkina Faso\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ouagadougou</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16241811</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">274200.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bg"></i>\n Bulgaria\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sofia</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7148785</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">110910.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bh"></i>\n Bahrain\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Manama</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">738004</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">665.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bi"></i>\n Burundi\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bujumbura</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9863117</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">27830.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bj"></i>\n Benin\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Porto-Novo</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9056010</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">112620.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bl"></i>\n Saint Barth\xc3\xa9lemy\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Gustavia</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8450</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bm"></i>\n Bermuda\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hamilton</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">65365</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">53.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bn"></i>\n Brunei\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bandar Seri Begawan</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">395027</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">5770.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bo"></i>\n Bolivia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sucre</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9947418</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1098580.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bq"></i>\n Bonaire\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kralendijk</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">18012</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">328.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-br"></i>\n Brazil\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bras\xc3\xadlia</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">201103330</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">8511965.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bs"></i>\n Bahamas\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nassau</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">301790</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">13940.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bt"></i>\n Bhutan\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Thimphu</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">699847</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">47000.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bv"></i>\n Bouvet Island\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">49.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bw"></i>\n Botswana\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Gaborone</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2029307</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">600370.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-by"></i>\n Belarus\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Minsk</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9685000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">207600.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bz"></i>\n Belize\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Belmopan</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">314522</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">22966.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ca"></i>\n Canada\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ottawa</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">33679000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9984670.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cc"></i>\n Cocos [Keeling] Islands\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">West Island</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">628</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">14.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cd"></i>\n Democratic Republic of the Congo\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kinshasa</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">70916439</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2345410.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cf"></i>\n Central African Republic\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bangui</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4844927</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">622984.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cg"></i>\n Republic of the Congo\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Brazzaville</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3039126</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">342000.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ch"></i>\n Switzerland\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bern</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7581000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">41290.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ci"></i>\n Ivory Coast\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yamoussoukro</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21058798</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">322460.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ck"></i>\n Cook Islands\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Avarua</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21388</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">240.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cl"></i>\n Chile\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Santiago</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16746491</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">756950.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cm"></i>\n Cameroon\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yaound\xc3\xa9</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">19294149</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">475440.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cn"></i>\n China\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Beijing</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1330044000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9596960.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-co"></i>\n Colombia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bogot\xc3\xa1</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">47790000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1138910.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cr"></i>\n Costa Rica\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San Jos\xc3\xa9</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4516220</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">51100.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cu"></i>\n Cuba\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Havana</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11423000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">110860.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cv"></i>\n Cape Verde\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Praia</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">508659</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">4033.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cw"></i>\n Curacao\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Willemstad</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">141766</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">444.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cx"></i>\n Christmas Island\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Flying Fish Cove</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1500</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">135.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cy"></i>\n Cyprus\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nicosia</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1102677</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9250.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cz"></i>\n Czech Republic\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Prague</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10476000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">78866.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-de"></i>\n Germany\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Berlin</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">81802257</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">357021.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dj"></i>\n Djibouti\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Djibouti</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">740528</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">23000.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dk"></i>\n Denmark\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Copenhagen</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5484000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">43094.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dm"></i>\n Dominica\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Roseau</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">72813</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">754.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-do"></i>\n Dominican Republic\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Santo Domingo</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9823821</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">48730.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dz"></i>\n Algeria\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Algiers</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">34586184</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2381740.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ec"></i>\n Ecuador\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Quito</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">14790608</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">283560.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ee"></i>\n Estonia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tallinn</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1291170</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">45226.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-eg"></i>\n Egypt\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Cairo</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">80471869</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1001450.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-eh"></i>\n Western Sahara\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">La\xc3\xa2youne / El Aai\xc3\xban</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">273008</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">266000.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-er"></i>\n Eritrea\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Asmara</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5792984</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">121320.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-es"></i>\n Spain\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Madrid</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">46505963</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">504782.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-et"></i>\n Ethiopia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Addis Ababa</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">88013491</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1127127.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fi"></i>\n Finland\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Helsinki</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5244000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">337030.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fj"></i>\n Fiji\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Suva</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">875983</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">18270.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fk"></i>\n Falkland Islands\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Stanley</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2638</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">12173.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fm"></i>\n Micronesia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Palikir</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">107708</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">702.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fo"></i>\n Faroe Islands\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">T\xc3\xb3rshavn</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">48228</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1399.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fr"></i>\n France\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Paris</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">64768389</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">547030.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ga"></i>\n Gabon\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Libreville</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1545255</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">267667.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gb"></i>\n United Kingdom\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">London</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">62348447</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">244820.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gd"></i>\n Grenada\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">St. George's</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">107818</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">344.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ge"></i>\n Georgia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tbilisi</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4630000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">69700.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gf"></i>\n French Guiana\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Cayenne</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">195506</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">91000.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gg"></i>\n Guernsey\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">St Peter Port</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">65228</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">78.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gh"></i>\n Ghana\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Accra</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">24339838</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">239460.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gi"></i>\n Gibraltar\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Gibraltar</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">27884</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">6.5</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gl"></i>\n Greenland\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nuuk</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">56375</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2166086.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gm"></i>\n Gambia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bathurst</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1593256</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">11300.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gn"></i>\n Guinea\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Conakry</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10324025</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">245857.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gp"></i>\n Guadeloupe\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Basse-Terre</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">443000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1780.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gq"></i>\n Equatorial Guinea\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Malabo</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1014999</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">28051.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gr"></i>\n Greece\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Athens</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11000000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">131940.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gs"></i>\n South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Grytviken</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">30</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">3903.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gt"></i>\n Guatemala\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Guatemala City</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13550440</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">108890.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gu"></i>\n Guam\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hag\xc3\xa5t\xc3\xb1a</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">159358</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">549.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gw"></i>\n Guinea-Bissau\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bissau</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1565126</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">36120.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gy"></i>\n Guyana\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Georgetown</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">748486</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">214970.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hk"></i>\n Hong Kong\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hong Kong</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6898686</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1092.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hm"></i>\n Heard Island and McDonald Islands\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">412.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hn"></i>\n Honduras\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tegucigalpa</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7989415</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">112090.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hr"></i>\n Croatia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Zagreb</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4491000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">56542.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ht"></i>\n Haiti\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port-au-Prince</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9648924</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">27750.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hu"></i>\n Hungary\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Budapest</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9982000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">93030.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-id"></i>\n Indonesia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Jakarta</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">242968342</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1919440.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ie"></i>\n Ireland\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dublin</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4622917</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">70280.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-il"></i>\n Israel\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7353985</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">20770.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-im"></i>\n Isle of Man\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Douglas</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">75049</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">572.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-in"></i>\n India\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">New Delhi</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1173108018</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">3287590.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-io"></i>\n British Indian Ocean Territory\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">60.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-iq"></i>\n Iraq\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Baghdad</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">29671605</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">437072.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ir"></i>\n Iran\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tehran</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">76923300</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1648000.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-is"></i>\n Iceland\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Reykjavik</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">308910</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">103000.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-it"></i>\n Italy\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Rome</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">60340328</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">301230.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-je"></i>\n Jersey\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saint Helier</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">90812</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">116.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jm"></i>\n Jamaica\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kingston</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2847232</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10991.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jo"></i>\n Jordan\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Amman</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6407085</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">92300.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jp"></i>\n Japan\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tokyo</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">127288000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">377835.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ke"></i>\n Kenya\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nairobi</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">40046566</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">582650.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kg"></i>\n Kyrgyzstan\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bishkek</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5776500</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">198500.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kh"></i>\n Cambodia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Phnom Penh</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">14453680</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">181040.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ki"></i>\n Kiribati\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tarawa</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">92533</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">811.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-km"></i>\n Comoros\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Moroni</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">773407</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2170.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kn"></i>\n Saint Kitts and Nevis\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Basseterre</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">51134</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">261.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kp"></i>\n North Korea\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pyongyang</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22912177</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">120540.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kr"></i>\n South Korea\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Seoul</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">48422644</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">98480.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kw"></i>\n Kuwait\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kuwait City</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2789132</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">17820.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ky"></i>\n Cayman Islands\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">George Town</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">44270</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">262.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kz"></i>\n Kazakhstan\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Astana</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">15340000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2717300.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-la"></i>\n Laos\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vientiane</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6368162</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">236800.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lb"></i>\n Lebanon\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Beirut</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4125247</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10400.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lc"></i>\n Saint Lucia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Castries</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">160922</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">616.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-li"></i>\n Liechtenstein\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vaduz</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">35000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">160.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lk"></i>\n Sri Lanka\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Colombo</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21513990</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">65610.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lr"></i>\n Liberia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Monrovia</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3685076</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">111370.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ls"></i>\n Lesotho\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Maseru</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1919552</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">30355.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lt"></i>\n Lithuania\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vilnius</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2944459</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">65200.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lu"></i>\n Luxembourg\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Luxembourg</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">497538</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2586.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lv"></i>\n Latvia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Riga</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2217969</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">64589.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ly"></i>\n Libya\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tripoli</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6461454</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1759540.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ma"></i>\n Morocco\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Rabat</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">31627428</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">446550.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mc"></i>\n Monaco\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Monaco</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">32965</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1.95</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-md"></i>\n Moldova\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Chi\xc5\x9fin\xc4\x83u</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4324000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">33843.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-me"></i>\n Montenegro\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Podgorica</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">666730</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">14026.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mf"></i>\n Saint Martin\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Marigot</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">35925</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">53.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mg"></i>\n Madagascar\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Antananarivo</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21281844</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">587040.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mh"></i>\n Marshall Islands\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Majuro</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">65859</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">181.3</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mk"></i>\n Macedonia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Skopje</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2062294</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">25333.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ml"></i>\n Mali\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bamako</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13796354</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1240000.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mm"></i>\n Myanmar [Burma]\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Naypyitaw</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">53414374</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">678500.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mn"></i>\n Mongolia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ulan Bator</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3086918</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1565000.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mo"></i>\n Macao\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Macao</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">449198</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">254.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mp"></i>\n Northern Mariana Islands\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saipan</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">53883</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">477.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mq"></i>\n Martinique\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Fort-de-France</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">432900</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1100.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mr"></i>\n Mauritania\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nouakchott</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3205060</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1030700.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ms"></i>\n Montserrat\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Plymouth</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9341</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">102.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mt"></i>\n Malta\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Valletta</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">403000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">316.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mu"></i>\n Mauritius\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port Louis</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1294104</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2040.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mv"></i>\n Maldives\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mal\xc3\xa9</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">395650</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">300.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mw"></i>\n Malawi\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lilongwe</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">15447500</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">118480.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mx"></i>\n Mexico\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mexico City</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">112468855</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1972550.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-my"></i>\n Malaysia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kuala Lumpur</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">28274729</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">329750.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mz"></i>\n Mozambique\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Maputo</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22061451</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">801590.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-na"></i>\n Namibia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Windhoek</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2128471</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">825418.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nc"></i>\n New Caledonia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Noumea</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">216494</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">19060.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ne"></i>\n Niger\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Niamey</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">15878271</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1267000.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nf"></i>\n Norfolk Island\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kingston</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1828</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">34.6</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ng"></i>\n Nigeria\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Abuja</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">154000000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">923768.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ni"></i>\n Nicaragua\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Managua</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5995928</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">129494.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nl"></i>\n Netherlands\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Amsterdam</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16645000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">41526.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-false"></i>\n Norway\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Oslo</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5009150</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">324220.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-np"></i>\n Nepal\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kathmandu</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">28951852</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">140800.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nr"></i>\n Nauru\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yaren</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10065</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nu"></i>\n Niue\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Alofi</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2166</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">260.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nz"></i>\n New Zealand\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Wellington</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4252277</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">268680.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-om"></i>\n Oman\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Muscat</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2967717</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">212460.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pa"></i>\n Panama\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Panama City</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3410676</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">78200.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pe"></i>\n Peru\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lima</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">29907003</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1285220.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pf"></i>\n French Polynesia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Papeete</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">270485</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">4167.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pg"></i>\n Papua New Guinea\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port Moresby</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6064515</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">462840.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ph"></i>\n Philippines\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Manila</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">99900177</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">300000.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pk"></i>\n Pakistan\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Islamabad</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">184404791</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">803940.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pl"></i>\n Poland\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Warsaw</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">38500000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">312685.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pm"></i>\n Saint Pierre and Miquelon\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saint-Pierre</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7012</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">242.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pn"></i>\n Pitcairn Islands\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Adamstown</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">46</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">47.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pr"></i>\n Puerto Rico\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San Juan</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3916632</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9104.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ps"></i>\n Palestine\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3800000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">5970.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pt"></i>\n Portugal\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lisbon</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10676000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">92391.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pw"></i>\n Palau\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Melekeok</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">19907</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">458.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-py"></i>\n Paraguay\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Asunci\xc3\xb3n</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6375830</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">406750.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-qa"></i>\n Qatar\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Doha</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">840926</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">11437.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-re"></i>\n R\xc3\xa9union\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saint-Denis</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">776948</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2517.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ro"></i>\n Romania\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bucharest</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21959278</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">237500.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-rs"></i>\n Serbia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Belgrade</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7344847</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">88361.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ru"></i>\n Russia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Moscow</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">140702000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1.71E7</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-rw"></i>\n Rwanda\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kigali</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11055976</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">26338.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sa"></i>\n Saudi Arabia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Riyadh</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">25731776</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1960582.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sb"></i>\n Solomon Islands\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Honiara</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">559198</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">28450.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sc"></i>\n Seychelles\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Victoria</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">88340</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">455.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sd"></i>\n Sudan\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Khartoum</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">35000000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1861484.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-se"></i>\n Sweden\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Stockholm</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9828655</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">449964.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sg"></i>\n Singapore\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Singapore</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4701069</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">692.7</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sh"></i>\n Saint Helena\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Jamestown</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7460</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">410.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-si"></i>\n Slovenia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ljubljana</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2007000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">20273.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sj"></i>\n Svalbard and Jan Mayen\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Longyearbyen</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2550</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">62049.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sk"></i>\n Slovakia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bratislava</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5455000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">48845.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sl"></i>\n Sierra Leone\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Freetown</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5245695</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">71740.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sm"></i>\n San Marino\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San Marino</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">31477</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">61.2</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sn"></i>\n Senegal\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dakar</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">12323252</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">196190.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-so"></i>\n Somalia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mogadishu</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10112453</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">637657.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sr"></i>\n Suriname\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Paramaribo</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">492829</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">163270.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ss"></i>\n South Sudan\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Juba</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8260490</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">644329.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-st"></i>\n S\xc3\xa3o Tom\xc3\xa9 and Pr\xc3\xadncipe\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">S\xc3\xa3o Tom\xc3\xa9</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">175808</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1001.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sv"></i>\n El Salvador\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San Salvador</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6052064</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21040.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sx"></i>\n Sint Maarten\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Philipsburg</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">37429</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sy"></i>\n Syria\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Damascus</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22198110</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">185180.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sz"></i>\n Swaziland\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mbabane</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1354051</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">17363.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tc"></i>\n Turks and Caicos Islands\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Cockburn Town</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">20556</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">430.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-td"></i>\n Chad\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">N'Djamena</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10543464</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1284000.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tf"></i>\n French Southern Territories\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port-aux-Fran\xc3\xa7ais</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">140</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">7829.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tg"></i>\n Togo\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lom\xc3\xa9</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6587239</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">56785.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-th"></i>\n Thailand\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bangkok</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">67089500</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">514000.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tj"></i>\n Tajikistan\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dushanbe</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7487489</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">143100.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tk"></i>\n Tokelau\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1466</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tl"></i>\n East Timor\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dili</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1154625</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">15007.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tm"></i>\n Turkmenistan\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ashgabat</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4940916</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">488100.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tn"></i>\n Tunisia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tunis</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10589025</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">163610.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-to"></i>\n Tonga\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nuku'alofa</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">122580</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">748.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tr"></i>\n Turkey\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ankara</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">77804122</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">780580.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tt"></i>\n Trinidad and Tobago\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port of Spain</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1228691</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">5128.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tv"></i>\n Tuvalu\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Funafuti</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10472</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">26.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tw"></i>\n Taiwan\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Taipei</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22894384</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">35980.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tz"></i>\n Tanzania\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dodoma</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">41892895</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">945087.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ua"></i>\n Ukraine\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kiev</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">45415596</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">603700.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ug"></i>\n Uganda\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kampala</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">33398682</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">236040.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-um"></i>\n U.S. Minor Outlying Islands\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">0.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-us"></i>\n United States\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Washington</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">310232863</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9629091.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-uy"></i>\n Uruguay\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Montevideo</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3477000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">176220.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-uz"></i>\n Uzbekistan\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tashkent</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">27865738</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">447400.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-va"></i>\n Vatican City\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vatican City</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">921</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">0.44</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vc"></i>\n Saint Vincent and the Grenadines\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kingstown</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">104217</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">389.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ve"></i>\n Venezuela\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Caracas</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">27223228</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">912050.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vg"></i>\n British Virgin Islands\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Road Town</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21730</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">153.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vi"></i>\n U.S. Virgin Islands\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Charlotte Amalie</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">108708</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">352.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vn"></i>\n Vietnam\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hanoi</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">89571130</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">329560.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vu"></i>\n Vanuatu\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port Vila</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">221552</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">12200.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-wf"></i>\n Wallis and Futuna\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mata-Utu</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16025</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">274.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ws"></i>\n Samoa\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Apia</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">192001</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2944.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-xk"></i>\n Kosovo\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pristina</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1800000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10908.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ye"></i>\n Yemen\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sanaa</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">23495361</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">527970.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-yt"></i>\n Mayotte\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mamoudzou</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">159042</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">374.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-za"></i>\n South Africa\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pretoria</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">49000000</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1219912.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-zm"></i>\n Zambia\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lusaka</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13460305</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">752614.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n </div><!--.row-->\n <div class="row">\n \n \n \n <div class="col-md-4 country">\n <h3 class="country-name">\n <i class="flag-icon flag-icon-zw"></i>\n Zimbabwe\n </h3>\n <div class="country-info">\n <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Harare</span><br>\n <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11651858</span><br>\n <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">390580.0</span><br>\n </div>\n </div><!--.col-->\n \n \n </div><!--.row-->\n \n \n\n </div><!--.container-->\n </section>\n\n </div><!--#page-->\n\n\n <section id="footer">\n <div class="container">\n <div class="row">\n <div class="col-md-12 text-center text-muted">\n Lessons and Videos © Hartley Brody 2018\n </div><!--.col-->\n </div><!--.row-->\n </div><!--.container-->\n </section>\n </body>\n\n <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.3/jquery.min.js"></script>\n <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha256-Sk3nkD6mLTMOF0EOpNtsIry+s1CsaqQC1rVLTAy+0yc= sha512-K1qjQ+NcF2TYO/eI3M6v8EiNYZfA95pQumfvcVrTHtwQVDG+aHRqLi/ETn2uB+1JqwYqVG3LIvdm9lj6imS/pQ==" 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from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(countries.content,'html.parser')
print(soup.prettify())
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<title>
Countries of the World: A Simple Example | Scrape This Site | A public sandbox for learning web scraping
</title>
<link href="/static/images/scraper-icon.png" rel="icon" type="image/png"/>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/>
<meta content="A single page that lists information about all the countries in the world. Good for those just get started with web scraping." name="description"/>
<link crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha256-MfvZlkHCEqatNoGiOXveE8FIwMzZg4W85qfrfIFBfYc= sha512-dTfge/zgoMYpP7QbHy4gWMEGsbsdZeCXz7irItjcC3sPUFtf0kuFbDz/ixG7ArTxmDjLXDmezHubeNikyKGVyQ==" rel="stylesheet"/>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<link href="/static/css/styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<meta content="noindex" name="robots"/>
<link href="https://lipis.github.io/flag-icon-css/css/flag-icon.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
</head>
<body>
<nav id="site-nav">
<div class="container">
<div class="col-md-12">
<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
<li id="nav-homepage">
<a class="nav-link hidden-sm hidden-xs" href="/">
<img id="nav-logo" src="/static/images/scraper-icon.png"/>
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</a>
</li>
<li id="nav-sandbox">
<a class="nav-link" href="/pages/">
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</i>
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</li>
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</a>
</li>
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<a class="nav-link" href="/login/">
Login
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<script type="text/javascript">
var path = document.location.pathname;
var tab = undefined;
if (path === "/"){
tab = document.querySelector("#nav-homepage");
} else if (path.indexOf("/faq/") === 0){
tab = document.querySelector("#nav-faq");
} else if (path.indexOf("/lessons/") === 0){
tab = document.querySelector("#nav-lessons");
} else if (path.indexOf("/pages/") === 0) {
tab = document.querySelector("#nav-sandbox");
} else if (path.indexOf("/login/") === 0) {
tab = document.querySelector("#nav-login");
}
tab.classList.add("active")
</script>
<div id="page">
<section id="countries">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<h1>
Countries of the World: A Simple Example
<small>
250 items
</small>
</h1>
<hr/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<p class="lead">
A single page that lists information about all the countries in the world. Good for those just get started with web scraping.
Practice looking for patterns in the HTML that will allow you to extract information about each country. Then, build a simple web scraper that makes a request to this page, parses the HTML and prints out each country's name.
</p>
<hr/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<p>
<i class="glyphicon glyphicon-education">
</i>
There are
<a href="/lessons/">
4 video lessons
</a>
that show you how to scrape this page.
</p>
<hr/>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 text-right">
<p>
Data via
<a class="data-attribution" href="https://peric.github.io/GetCountries/" target="_blank">
http://peric.github.io/GetCountries/
</a>
</p>
<hr/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ad">
</i>
Andorra
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Andorra la Vella
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
84000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
468.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ae">
</i>
United Arab Emirates
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Abu Dhabi
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
4975593
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
82880.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-af">
</i>
Afghanistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Kabul
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
29121286
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
647500.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ag">
</i>
Antigua and Barbuda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
St. John's
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
86754
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
443.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ai">
</i>
Anguilla
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
The Valley
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
13254
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
102.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-al">
</i>
Albania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Tirana
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
2986952
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
28748.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-am">
</i>
Armenia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Yerevan
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
2968000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
29800.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ao">
</i>
Angola
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Luanda
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
13068161
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1246700.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-aq">
</i>
Antarctica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
None
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
0
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1.4E7
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ar">
</i>
Argentina
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Buenos Aires
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
41343201
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
2766890.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-as">
</i>
American Samoa
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Pago Pago
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
57881
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
199.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-at">
</i>
Austria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Vienna
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
8205000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
83858.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-au">
</i>
Australia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Canberra
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
21515754
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
7686850.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-aw">
</i>
Aruba
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Oranjestad
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
71566
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
193.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ax">
</i>
Åland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Mariehamn
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
26711
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1580.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-az">
</i>
Azerbaijan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Baku
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
8303512
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
86600.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ba">
</i>
Bosnia and Herzegovina
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Sarajevo
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
4590000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
51129.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bb">
</i>
Barbados
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Bridgetown
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
285653
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
431.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bd">
</i>
Bangladesh
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Dhaka
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
156118464
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
144000.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-be">
</i>
Belgium
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Brussels
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
10403000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
30510.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bf">
</i>
Burkina Faso
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Ouagadougou
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
16241811
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
274200.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bg">
</i>
Bulgaria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Sofia
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
7148785
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
110910.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bh">
</i>
Bahrain
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Manama
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
738004
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
665.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bi">
</i>
Burundi
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Bujumbura
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
9863117
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
27830.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bj">
</i>
Benin
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Porto-Novo
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
9056010
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
112620.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bl">
</i>
Saint Barthélemy
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Gustavia
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
8450
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
21.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bm">
</i>
Bermuda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Hamilton
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
65365
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
53.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bn">
</i>
Brunei
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Bandar Seri Begawan
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
395027
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
5770.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bo">
</i>
Bolivia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Sucre
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
9947418
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1098580.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bq">
</i>
Bonaire
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Kralendijk
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
18012
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
328.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-br">
</i>
Brazil
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Brasília
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
201103330
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
8511965.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bs">
</i>
Bahamas
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Nassau
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
301790
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
13940.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bt">
</i>
Bhutan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Thimphu
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
699847
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
47000.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bv">
</i>
Bouvet Island
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
None
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
0
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
49.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bw">
</i>
Botswana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Gaborone
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
2029307
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
600370.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-by">
</i>
Belarus
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Minsk
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
9685000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
207600.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bz">
</i>
Belize
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Belmopan
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
314522
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
22966.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ca">
</i>
Canada
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Ottawa
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
33679000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
9984670.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cc">
</i>
Cocos [Keeling] Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
West Island
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
628
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
14.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cd">
</i>
Democratic Republic of the Congo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Kinshasa
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
70916439
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
2345410.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cf">
</i>
Central African Republic
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Bangui
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
4844927
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
622984.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cg">
</i>
Republic of the Congo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Brazzaville
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
3039126
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
342000.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ch">
</i>
Switzerland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Bern
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
7581000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
41290.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ci">
</i>
Ivory Coast
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Yamoussoukro
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
21058798
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
322460.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ck">
</i>
Cook Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Avarua
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
21388
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
240.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cl">
</i>
Chile
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Santiago
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
16746491
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
756950.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cm">
</i>
Cameroon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Yaoundé
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
19294149
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
475440.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cn">
</i>
China
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Beijing
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
1330044000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
9596960.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-co">
</i>
Colombia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Bogotá
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
47790000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1138910.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cr">
</i>
Costa Rica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
San José
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
4516220
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
51100.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cu">
</i>
Cuba
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Havana
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
11423000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
110860.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cv">
</i>
Cape Verde
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Praia
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
508659
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
4033.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cw">
</i>
Curacao
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Willemstad
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
141766
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
444.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cx">
</i>
Christmas Island
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Flying Fish Cove
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
1500
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
135.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cy">
</i>
Cyprus
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Nicosia
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
1102677
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
9250.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cz">
</i>
Czech Republic
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Prague
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
10476000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
78866.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-de">
</i>
Germany
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Berlin
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
81802257
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
357021.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dj">
</i>
Djibouti
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Djibouti
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
740528
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
23000.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dk">
</i>
Denmark
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Copenhagen
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
5484000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
43094.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dm">
</i>
Dominica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Roseau
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
72813
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
754.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-do">
</i>
Dominican Republic
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Santo Domingo
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
9823821
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
48730.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dz">
</i>
Algeria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Algiers
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
34586184
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
2381740.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ec">
</i>
Ecuador
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Quito
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
14790608
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
283560.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ee">
</i>
Estonia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Tallinn
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
1291170
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
45226.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-eg">
</i>
Egypt
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Cairo
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
80471869
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1001450.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-eh">
</i>
Western Sahara
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Laâyoune / El Aaiún
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
273008
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
266000.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-er">
</i>
Eritrea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Asmara
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
5792984
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
121320.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-es">
</i>
Spain
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Madrid
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
46505963
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
504782.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-et">
</i>
Ethiopia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Addis Ababa
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
88013491
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1127127.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fi">
</i>
Finland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Helsinki
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
5244000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
337030.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fj">
</i>
Fiji
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Suva
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
875983
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
18270.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fk">
</i>
Falkland Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Stanley
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
2638
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
12173.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fm">
</i>
Micronesia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Palikir
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
107708
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
702.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fo">
</i>
Faroe Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Tórshavn
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
48228
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1399.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fr">
</i>
France
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Paris
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
64768389
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
547030.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ga">
</i>
Gabon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Libreville
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
1545255
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
267667.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gb">
</i>
United Kingdom
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
London
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
62348447
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
244820.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gd">
</i>
Grenada
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
St. George's
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
107818
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
344.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ge">
</i>
Georgia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Tbilisi
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
4630000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
69700.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gf">
</i>
French Guiana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Cayenne
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
195506
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
91000.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gg">
</i>
Guernsey
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
St Peter Port
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
65228
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
78.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gh">
</i>
Ghana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Accra
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
24339838
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
239460.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gi">
</i>
Gibraltar
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Gibraltar
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
27884
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
6.5
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gl">
</i>
Greenland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Nuuk
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
56375
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
2166086.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gm">
</i>
Gambia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Bathurst
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
1593256
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
11300.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gn">
</i>
Guinea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Conakry
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
10324025
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
245857.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gp">
</i>
Guadeloupe
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Basse-Terre
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
443000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1780.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gq">
</i>
Equatorial Guinea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Malabo
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
1014999
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
28051.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gr">
</i>
Greece
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Athens
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
11000000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
131940.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gs">
</i>
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Grytviken
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
30
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
3903.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gt">
</i>
Guatemala
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Guatemala City
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
13550440
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
108890.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gu">
</i>
Guam
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Hagåtña
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
159358
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
549.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gw">
</i>
Guinea-Bissau
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Bissau
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
1565126
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
36120.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gy">
</i>
Guyana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Georgetown
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
748486
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
214970.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hk">
</i>
Hong Kong
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Hong Kong
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
6898686
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1092.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hm">
</i>
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
None
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
0
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
412.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hn">
</i>
Honduras
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Tegucigalpa
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
7989415
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
112090.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hr">
</i>
Croatia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Zagreb
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
4491000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
56542.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ht">
</i>
Haiti
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Port-au-Prince
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
9648924
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
27750.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hu">
</i>
Hungary
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Budapest
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
9982000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
93030.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-id">
</i>
Indonesia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Jakarta
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
242968342
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1919440.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ie">
</i>
Ireland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Dublin
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
4622917
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
70280.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-il">
</i>
Israel
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
None
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
7353985
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
20770.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-im">
</i>
Isle of Man
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Douglas
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
75049
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
572.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-in">
</i>
India
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
New Delhi
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
1173108018
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
3287590.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-io">
</i>
British Indian Ocean Territory
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
None
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
4000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
60.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-iq">
</i>
Iraq
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Baghdad
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
29671605
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
437072.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ir">
</i>
Iran
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Tehran
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
76923300
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1648000.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-is">
</i>
Iceland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Reykjavik
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
308910
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
103000.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-it">
</i>
Italy
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Rome
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
60340328
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
301230.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-je">
</i>
Jersey
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Saint Helier
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
90812
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
116.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jm">
</i>
Jamaica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Kingston
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
2847232
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
10991.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jo">
</i>
Jordan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Amman
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
6407085
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
92300.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jp">
</i>
Japan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Tokyo
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
127288000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
377835.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ke">
</i>
Kenya
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Nairobi
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
40046566
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
582650.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kg">
</i>
Kyrgyzstan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Bishkek
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
5776500
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
198500.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kh">
</i>
Cambodia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Phnom Penh
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
14453680
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
181040.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ki">
</i>
Kiribati
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Tarawa
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
92533
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
811.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-km">
</i>
Comoros
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Moroni
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
773407
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
2170.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kn">
</i>
Saint Kitts and Nevis
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Basseterre
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
51134
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
261.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kp">
</i>
North Korea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Pyongyang
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
22912177
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
120540.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kr">
</i>
South Korea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Seoul
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
48422644
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
98480.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kw">
</i>
Kuwait
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Kuwait City
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
2789132
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
17820.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ky">
</i>
Cayman Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
George Town
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
44270
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
262.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kz">
</i>
Kazakhstan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Astana
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
15340000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
2717300.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-la">
</i>
Laos
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Vientiane
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
6368162
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
236800.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lb">
</i>
Lebanon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Beirut
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
4125247
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
10400.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lc">
</i>
Saint Lucia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Castries
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
160922
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
616.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-li">
</i>
Liechtenstein
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Vaduz
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
35000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
160.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lk">
</i>
Sri Lanka
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Colombo
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
21513990
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
65610.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lr">
</i>
Liberia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Monrovia
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
3685076
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
111370.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ls">
</i>
Lesotho
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Maseru
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
1919552
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
30355.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lt">
</i>
Lithuania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Vilnius
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
2944459
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
65200.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lu">
</i>
Luxembourg
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Luxembourg
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
497538
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
2586.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lv">
</i>
Latvia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Riga
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
2217969
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
64589.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ly">
</i>
Libya
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Tripoli
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
6461454
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1759540.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ma">
</i>
Morocco
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Rabat
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
31627428
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
446550.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mc">
</i>
Monaco
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Monaco
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
32965
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1.95
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-md">
</i>
Moldova
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Chişinău
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
4324000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
33843.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-me">
</i>
Montenegro
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Podgorica
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
666730
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
14026.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mf">
</i>
Saint Martin
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Marigot
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
35925
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
53.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mg">
</i>
Madagascar
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Antananarivo
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
21281844
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
587040.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mh">
</i>
Marshall Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Majuro
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
65859
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
181.3
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mk">
</i>
Macedonia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Skopje
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
2062294
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
25333.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ml">
</i>
Mali
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Bamako
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
13796354
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1240000.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mm">
</i>
Myanmar [Burma]
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Naypyitaw
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
53414374
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
678500.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mn">
</i>
Mongolia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Ulan Bator
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
3086918
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1565000.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mo">
</i>
Macao
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Macao
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
449198
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
254.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mp">
</i>
Northern Mariana Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Saipan
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
53883
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
477.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mq">
</i>
Martinique
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Fort-de-France
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
432900
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1100.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mr">
</i>
Mauritania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Nouakchott
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
3205060
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1030700.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ms">
</i>
Montserrat
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Plymouth
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
9341
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
102.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mt">
</i>
Malta
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Valletta
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
403000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
316.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mu">
</i>
Mauritius
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Port Louis
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
1294104
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
2040.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mv">
</i>
Maldives
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Malé
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
395650
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
300.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mw">
</i>
Malawi
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Lilongwe
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
15447500
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
118480.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mx">
</i>
Mexico
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Mexico City
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
112468855
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1972550.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-my">
</i>
Malaysia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Kuala Lumpur
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
28274729
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
329750.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mz">
</i>
Mozambique
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Maputo
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
22061451
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
801590.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-na">
</i>
Namibia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Windhoek
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
2128471
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
825418.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nc">
</i>
New Caledonia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Noumea
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
216494
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
19060.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ne">
</i>
Niger
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Niamey
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
15878271
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1267000.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nf">
</i>
Norfolk Island
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Kingston
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
1828
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
34.6
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ng">
</i>
Nigeria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Abuja
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
154000000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
923768.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ni">
</i>
Nicaragua
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Managua
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
5995928
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
129494.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nl">
</i>
Netherlands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Amsterdam
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
16645000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
41526.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-false">
</i>
Norway
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Oslo
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
5009150
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
324220.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-np">
</i>
Nepal
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Kathmandu
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
28951852
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
140800.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nr">
</i>
Nauru
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Yaren
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
10065
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
21.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nu">
</i>
Niue
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Alofi
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
2166
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
260.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nz">
</i>
New Zealand
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Wellington
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
4252277
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
268680.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-om">
</i>
Oman
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Muscat
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
2967717
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
212460.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pa">
</i>
Panama
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Panama City
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
3410676
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
78200.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pe">
</i>
Peru
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Lima
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
29907003
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1285220.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pf">
</i>
French Polynesia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Papeete
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
270485
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
4167.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pg">
</i>
Papua New Guinea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Port Moresby
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
6064515
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
462840.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ph">
</i>
Philippines
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Manila
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
99900177
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
300000.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pk">
</i>
Pakistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Islamabad
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
184404791
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
803940.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pl">
</i>
Poland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Warsaw
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
38500000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
312685.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pm">
</i>
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Saint-Pierre
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
7012
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
242.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pn">
</i>
Pitcairn Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Adamstown
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
46
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
47.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pr">
</i>
Puerto Rico
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
San Juan
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
3916632
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
9104.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ps">
</i>
Palestine
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
None
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
3800000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
5970.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pt">
</i>
Portugal
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Lisbon
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
10676000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
92391.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pw">
</i>
Palau
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Melekeok
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
19907
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
458.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-py">
</i>
Paraguay
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Asunción
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
6375830
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
406750.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-qa">
</i>
Qatar
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Doha
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
840926
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
11437.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-re">
</i>
Réunion
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Saint-Denis
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
776948
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
2517.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ro">
</i>
Romania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Bucharest
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
21959278
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
237500.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-rs">
</i>
Serbia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Belgrade
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
7344847
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
88361.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ru">
</i>
Russia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Moscow
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
140702000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1.71E7
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-rw">
</i>
Rwanda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Kigali
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
11055976
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
26338.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sa">
</i>
Saudi Arabia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Riyadh
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
25731776
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1960582.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sb">
</i>
Solomon Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Honiara
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
559198
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
28450.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sc">
</i>
Seychelles
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Victoria
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
88340
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
455.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sd">
</i>
Sudan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Khartoum
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
35000000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1861484.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-se">
</i>
Sweden
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Stockholm
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
9828655
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
449964.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sg">
</i>
Singapore
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Singapore
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
4701069
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
692.7
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sh">
</i>
Saint Helena
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Jamestown
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
7460
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
410.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-si">
</i>
Slovenia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Ljubljana
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
2007000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
20273.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sj">
</i>
Svalbard and Jan Mayen
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Longyearbyen
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
2550
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
62049.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sk">
</i>
Slovakia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Bratislava
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
5455000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
48845.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sl">
</i>
Sierra Leone
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Freetown
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
5245695
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
71740.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sm">
</i>
San Marino
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
San Marino
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
31477
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
61.2
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sn">
</i>
Senegal
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Dakar
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
12323252
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
196190.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-so">
</i>
Somalia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Mogadishu
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
10112453
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
637657.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sr">
</i>
Suriname
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Paramaribo
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
492829
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
163270.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ss">
</i>
South Sudan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Juba
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
8260490
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
644329.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-st">
</i>
São Tomé and Príncipe
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
São Tomé
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
175808
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1001.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sv">
</i>
El Salvador
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
San Salvador
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
6052064
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
21040.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sx">
</i>
Sint Maarten
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Philipsburg
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
37429
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
21.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sy">
</i>
Syria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Damascus
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
22198110
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
185180.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sz">
</i>
Swaziland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Mbabane
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
1354051
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
17363.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tc">
</i>
Turks and Caicos Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Cockburn Town
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
20556
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
430.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-td">
</i>
Chad
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
N'Djamena
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
10543464
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1284000.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tf">
</i>
French Southern Territories
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Port-aux-Français
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
140
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
7829.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tg">
</i>
Togo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Lomé
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
6587239
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
56785.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-th">
</i>
Thailand
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Bangkok
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
67089500
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
514000.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tj">
</i>
Tajikistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Dushanbe
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
7487489
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
143100.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tk">
</i>
Tokelau
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
None
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
1466
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
10.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tl">
</i>
East Timor
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Dili
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
1154625
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
15007.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tm">
</i>
Turkmenistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Ashgabat
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
4940916
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
488100.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tn">
</i>
Tunisia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Tunis
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
10589025
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
163610.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-to">
</i>
Tonga
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Nuku'alofa
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
122580
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
748.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tr">
</i>
Turkey
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Ankara
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
77804122
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
780580.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tt">
</i>
Trinidad and Tobago
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Port of Spain
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
1228691
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
5128.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tv">
</i>
Tuvalu
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Funafuti
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
10472
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
26.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tw">
</i>
Taiwan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Taipei
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
22894384
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
35980.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tz">
</i>
Tanzania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Dodoma
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
41892895
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
945087.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ua">
</i>
Ukraine
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Kiev
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
45415596
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
603700.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ug">
</i>
Uganda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Kampala
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
33398682
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
236040.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-um">
</i>
U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
None
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
0
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
0.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-us">
</i>
United States
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Washington
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
310232863
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
9629091.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-uy">
</i>
Uruguay
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Montevideo
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
3477000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
176220.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-uz">
</i>
Uzbekistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Tashkent
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
27865738
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
447400.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-va">
</i>
Vatican City
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Vatican City
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
921
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
0.44
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vc">
</i>
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Kingstown
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
104217
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
389.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ve">
</i>
Venezuela
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Caracas
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
27223228
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
912050.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vg">
</i>
British Virgin Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Road Town
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
21730
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
153.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vi">
</i>
U.S. Virgin Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Charlotte Amalie
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
108708
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
352.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vn">
</i>
Vietnam
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Hanoi
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
89571130
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
329560.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vu">
</i>
Vanuatu
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Port Vila
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
221552
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
12200.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-wf">
</i>
Wallis and Futuna
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Mata-Utu
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
16025
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
274.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ws">
</i>
Samoa
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Apia
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
192001
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
2944.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-xk">
</i>
Kosovo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Pristina
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
1800000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
10908.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ye">
</i>
Yemen
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Sanaa
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
23495361
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
527970.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-yt">
</i>
Mayotte
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Mamoudzou
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
159042
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
374.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-za">
</i>
South Africa
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Pretoria
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
49000000
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
1219912.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-zm">
</i>
Zambia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Lusaka
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
13460305
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
752614.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-zw">
</i>
Zimbabwe
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>
Capital:
</strong>
<span class="country-capital">
Harare
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Population:
</strong>
<span class="country-population">
11651858
</span>
<br/>
<strong>
Area (km
<sup>
2
</sup>
):
</strong>
<span class="country-area">
390580.0
</span>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<!--.col-->
</div>
<!--.row-->
</div>
<!--.container-->
</section>
</div>
<!--#page-->
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<a class="nav-link hidden-sm hidden-xs" href="/">
<img id="nav-logo" src="/static/images/scraper-icon.png"/>
Scrape This Site
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Sandbox
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tab = document.querySelector("#nav-faq");
} else if (path.indexOf("/lessons/") === 0){
tab = document.querySelector("#nav-lessons");
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<div id="page">
<section id="countries">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<h1>
Countries of the World: A Simple Example
<small>250 items</small>
</h1>
<hr/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<p class="lead">
A single page that lists information about all the countries in the world. Good for those just get started with web scraping.
Practice looking for patterns in the HTML that will allow you to extract information about each country. Then, build a simple web scraper that makes a request to this page, parses the HTML and prints out each country's name.
</p>
<hr/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<p>
<i class="glyphicon glyphicon-education"></i> There are <a href="/lessons/">4 video lessons</a> that show you how to scrape this page.
</p>
<hr/>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 text-right">
<p>
Data via
<a class="data-attribution" href="https://peric.github.io/GetCountries/" target="_blank">http://peric.github.io/GetCountries/</a>
</p>
<hr/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ad"></i>
Andorra
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Andorra la Vella</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">84000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">468.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ae"></i>
United Arab Emirates
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Abu Dhabi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4975593</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">82880.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-af"></i>
Afghanistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kabul</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">29121286</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">647500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ag"></i>
Antigua and Barbuda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">St. John's</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">86754</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">443.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ai"></i>
Anguilla
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">The Valley</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13254</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">102.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-al"></i>
Albania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tirana</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2986952</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">28748.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-am"></i>
Armenia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yerevan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2968000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">29800.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ao"></i>
Angola
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Luanda</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13068161</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1246700.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-aq"></i>
Antarctica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1.4E7</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ar"></i>
Argentina
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Buenos Aires</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">41343201</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2766890.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-as"></i>
American Samoa
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pago Pago</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">57881</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">199.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-at"></i>
Austria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vienna</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8205000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">83858.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-au"></i>
Australia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Canberra</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21515754</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">7686850.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-aw"></i>
Aruba
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Oranjestad</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">71566</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">193.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ax"></i>
Åland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mariehamn</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">26711</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1580.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-az"></i>
Azerbaijan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Baku</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8303512</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">86600.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ba"></i>
Bosnia and Herzegovina
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sarajevo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4590000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">51129.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bb"></i>
Barbados
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bridgetown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">285653</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">431.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bd"></i>
Bangladesh
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dhaka</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">156118464</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">144000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-be"></i>
Belgium
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Brussels</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10403000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">30510.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bf"></i>
Burkina Faso
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ouagadougou</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16241811</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">274200.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bg"></i>
Bulgaria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sofia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7148785</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">110910.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bh"></i>
Bahrain
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Manama</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">738004</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">665.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bi"></i>
Burundi
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bujumbura</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9863117</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">27830.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bj"></i>
Benin
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Porto-Novo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9056010</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">112620.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bl"></i>
Saint Barthélemy
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Gustavia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8450</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bm"></i>
Bermuda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hamilton</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">65365</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">53.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bn"></i>
Brunei
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bandar Seri Begawan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">395027</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">5770.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bo"></i>
Bolivia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sucre</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9947418</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1098580.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bq"></i>
Bonaire
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kralendijk</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">18012</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">328.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-br"></i>
Brazil
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Brasília</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">201103330</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">8511965.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bs"></i>
Bahamas
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nassau</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">301790</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">13940.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bt"></i>
Bhutan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Thimphu</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">699847</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">47000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bv"></i>
Bouvet Island
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">49.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bw"></i>
Botswana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Gaborone</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2029307</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">600370.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-by"></i>
Belarus
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Minsk</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9685000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">207600.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bz"></i>
Belize
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Belmopan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">314522</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">22966.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ca"></i>
Canada
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ottawa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">33679000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9984670.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cc"></i>
Cocos [Keeling] Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">West Island</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">628</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">14.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cd"></i>
Democratic Republic of the Congo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kinshasa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">70916439</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2345410.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cf"></i>
Central African Republic
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bangui</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4844927</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">622984.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cg"></i>
Republic of the Congo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Brazzaville</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3039126</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">342000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ch"></i>
Switzerland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bern</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7581000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">41290.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ci"></i>
Ivory Coast
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yamoussoukro</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21058798</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">322460.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ck"></i>
Cook Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Avarua</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21388</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">240.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cl"></i>
Chile
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Santiago</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16746491</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">756950.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cm"></i>
Cameroon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yaoundé</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">19294149</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">475440.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cn"></i>
China
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Beijing</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1330044000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9596960.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-co"></i>
Colombia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bogotá</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">47790000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1138910.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cr"></i>
Costa Rica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San José</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4516220</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">51100.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cu"></i>
Cuba
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Havana</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11423000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">110860.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cv"></i>
Cape Verde
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Praia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">508659</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">4033.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cw"></i>
Curacao
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Willemstad</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">141766</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">444.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cx"></i>
Christmas Island
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Flying Fish Cove</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1500</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">135.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cy"></i>
Cyprus
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nicosia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1102677</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9250.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cz"></i>
Czech Republic
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Prague</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10476000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">78866.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-de"></i>
Germany
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Berlin</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">81802257</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">357021.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dj"></i>
Djibouti
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Djibouti</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">740528</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">23000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dk"></i>
Denmark
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Copenhagen</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5484000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">43094.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dm"></i>
Dominica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Roseau</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">72813</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">754.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-do"></i>
Dominican Republic
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Santo Domingo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9823821</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">48730.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dz"></i>
Algeria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Algiers</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">34586184</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2381740.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ec"></i>
Ecuador
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Quito</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">14790608</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">283560.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ee"></i>
Estonia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tallinn</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1291170</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">45226.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-eg"></i>
Egypt
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Cairo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">80471869</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1001450.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-eh"></i>
Western Sahara
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Laâyoune / El Aaiún</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">273008</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">266000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-er"></i>
Eritrea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Asmara</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5792984</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">121320.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-es"></i>
Spain
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Madrid</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">46505963</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">504782.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-et"></i>
Ethiopia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Addis Ababa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">88013491</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1127127.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fi"></i>
Finland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Helsinki</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5244000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">337030.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fj"></i>
Fiji
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Suva</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">875983</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">18270.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fk"></i>
Falkland Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Stanley</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2638</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">12173.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fm"></i>
Micronesia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Palikir</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">107708</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">702.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fo"></i>
Faroe Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tórshavn</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">48228</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1399.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fr"></i>
France
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Paris</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">64768389</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">547030.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ga"></i>
Gabon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Libreville</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1545255</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">267667.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gb"></i>
United Kingdom
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">London</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">62348447</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">244820.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gd"></i>
Grenada
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">St. George's</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">107818</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">344.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ge"></i>
Georgia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tbilisi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4630000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">69700.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gf"></i>
French Guiana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Cayenne</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">195506</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">91000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gg"></i>
Guernsey
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">St Peter Port</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">65228</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">78.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gh"></i>
Ghana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Accra</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">24339838</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">239460.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gi"></i>
Gibraltar
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Gibraltar</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">27884</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">6.5</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gl"></i>
Greenland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nuuk</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">56375</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2166086.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gm"></i>
Gambia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bathurst</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1593256</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">11300.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gn"></i>
Guinea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Conakry</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10324025</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">245857.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gp"></i>
Guadeloupe
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Basse-Terre</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">443000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1780.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gq"></i>
Equatorial Guinea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Malabo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1014999</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">28051.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gr"></i>
Greece
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Athens</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11000000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">131940.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gs"></i>
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Grytviken</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">30</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">3903.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gt"></i>
Guatemala
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Guatemala City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13550440</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">108890.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gu"></i>
Guam
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hagåtña</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">159358</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">549.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gw"></i>
Guinea-Bissau
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bissau</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1565126</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">36120.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gy"></i>
Guyana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Georgetown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">748486</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">214970.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hk"></i>
Hong Kong
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hong Kong</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6898686</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1092.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hm"></i>
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">412.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hn"></i>
Honduras
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tegucigalpa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7989415</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">112090.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hr"></i>
Croatia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Zagreb</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4491000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">56542.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ht"></i>
Haiti
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port-au-Prince</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9648924</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">27750.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hu"></i>
Hungary
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Budapest</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9982000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">93030.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-id"></i>
Indonesia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Jakarta</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">242968342</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1919440.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ie"></i>
Ireland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dublin</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4622917</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">70280.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-il"></i>
Israel
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7353985</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">20770.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-im"></i>
Isle of Man
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Douglas</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">75049</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">572.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-in"></i>
India
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">New Delhi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1173108018</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">3287590.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-io"></i>
British Indian Ocean Territory
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">60.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-iq"></i>
Iraq
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Baghdad</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">29671605</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">437072.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ir"></i>
Iran
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tehran</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">76923300</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1648000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-is"></i>
Iceland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Reykjavik</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">308910</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">103000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-it"></i>
Italy
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Rome</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">60340328</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">301230.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-je"></i>
Jersey
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saint Helier</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">90812</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">116.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jm"></i>
Jamaica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kingston</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2847232</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10991.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jo"></i>
Jordan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Amman</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6407085</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">92300.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jp"></i>
Japan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tokyo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">127288000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">377835.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ke"></i>
Kenya
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nairobi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">40046566</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">582650.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kg"></i>
Kyrgyzstan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bishkek</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5776500</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">198500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kh"></i>
Cambodia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Phnom Penh</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">14453680</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">181040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ki"></i>
Kiribati
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tarawa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">92533</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">811.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-km"></i>
Comoros
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Moroni</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">773407</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2170.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kn"></i>
Saint Kitts and Nevis
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Basseterre</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">51134</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">261.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kp"></i>
North Korea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pyongyang</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22912177</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">120540.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kr"></i>
South Korea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Seoul</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">48422644</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">98480.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kw"></i>
Kuwait
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kuwait City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2789132</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">17820.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ky"></i>
Cayman Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">George Town</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">44270</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">262.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kz"></i>
Kazakhstan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Astana</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">15340000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2717300.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-la"></i>
Laos
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vientiane</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6368162</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">236800.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lb"></i>
Lebanon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Beirut</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4125247</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10400.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lc"></i>
Saint Lucia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Castries</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">160922</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">616.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-li"></i>
Liechtenstein
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vaduz</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">35000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">160.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lk"></i>
Sri Lanka
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Colombo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21513990</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">65610.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lr"></i>
Liberia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Monrovia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3685076</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">111370.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ls"></i>
Lesotho
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Maseru</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1919552</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">30355.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lt"></i>
Lithuania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vilnius</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2944459</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">65200.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lu"></i>
Luxembourg
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Luxembourg</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">497538</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2586.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lv"></i>
Latvia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Riga</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2217969</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">64589.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ly"></i>
Libya
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tripoli</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6461454</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1759540.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ma"></i>
Morocco
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Rabat</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">31627428</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">446550.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mc"></i>
Monaco
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Monaco</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">32965</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1.95</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-md"></i>
Moldova
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Chişinău</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4324000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">33843.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-me"></i>
Montenegro
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Podgorica</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">666730</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">14026.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mf"></i>
Saint Martin
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Marigot</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">35925</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">53.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mg"></i>
Madagascar
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Antananarivo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21281844</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">587040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mh"></i>
Marshall Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Majuro</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">65859</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">181.3</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mk"></i>
Macedonia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Skopje</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2062294</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">25333.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ml"></i>
Mali
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bamako</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13796354</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1240000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mm"></i>
Myanmar [Burma]
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Naypyitaw</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">53414374</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">678500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mn"></i>
Mongolia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ulan Bator</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3086918</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1565000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mo"></i>
Macao
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Macao</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">449198</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">254.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mp"></i>
Northern Mariana Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saipan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">53883</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">477.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mq"></i>
Martinique
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Fort-de-France</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">432900</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1100.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mr"></i>
Mauritania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nouakchott</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3205060</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1030700.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ms"></i>
Montserrat
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Plymouth</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9341</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">102.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mt"></i>
Malta
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Valletta</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">403000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">316.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mu"></i>
Mauritius
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port Louis</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1294104</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mv"></i>
Maldives
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Malé</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">395650</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">300.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mw"></i>
Malawi
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lilongwe</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">15447500</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">118480.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mx"></i>
Mexico
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mexico City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">112468855</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1972550.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-my"></i>
Malaysia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kuala Lumpur</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">28274729</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">329750.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mz"></i>
Mozambique
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Maputo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22061451</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">801590.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-na"></i>
Namibia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Windhoek</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2128471</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">825418.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nc"></i>
New Caledonia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Noumea</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">216494</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">19060.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ne"></i>
Niger
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Niamey</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">15878271</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1267000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nf"></i>
Norfolk Island
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kingston</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1828</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">34.6</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ng"></i>
Nigeria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Abuja</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">154000000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">923768.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ni"></i>
Nicaragua
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Managua</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5995928</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">129494.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nl"></i>
Netherlands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Amsterdam</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16645000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">41526.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-false"></i>
Norway
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Oslo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5009150</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">324220.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-np"></i>
Nepal
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kathmandu</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">28951852</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">140800.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nr"></i>
Nauru
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yaren</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10065</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nu"></i>
Niue
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Alofi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2166</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">260.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nz"></i>
New Zealand
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Wellington</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4252277</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">268680.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-om"></i>
Oman
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Muscat</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2967717</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">212460.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pa"></i>
Panama
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Panama City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3410676</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">78200.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pe"></i>
Peru
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lima</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">29907003</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1285220.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pf"></i>
French Polynesia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Papeete</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">270485</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">4167.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pg"></i>
Papua New Guinea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port Moresby</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6064515</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">462840.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ph"></i>
Philippines
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Manila</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">99900177</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">300000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pk"></i>
Pakistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Islamabad</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">184404791</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">803940.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pl"></i>
Poland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Warsaw</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">38500000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">312685.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pm"></i>
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saint-Pierre</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7012</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">242.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pn"></i>
Pitcairn Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Adamstown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">46</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">47.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pr"></i>
Puerto Rico
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San Juan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3916632</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9104.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ps"></i>
Palestine
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3800000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">5970.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pt"></i>
Portugal
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lisbon</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10676000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">92391.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pw"></i>
Palau
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Melekeok</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">19907</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">458.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-py"></i>
Paraguay
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Asunción</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6375830</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">406750.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-qa"></i>
Qatar
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Doha</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">840926</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">11437.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-re"></i>
Réunion
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saint-Denis</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">776948</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2517.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ro"></i>
Romania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bucharest</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21959278</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">237500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-rs"></i>
Serbia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Belgrade</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7344847</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">88361.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ru"></i>
Russia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Moscow</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">140702000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1.71E7</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-rw"></i>
Rwanda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kigali</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11055976</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">26338.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sa"></i>
Saudi Arabia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Riyadh</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">25731776</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1960582.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sb"></i>
Solomon Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Honiara</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">559198</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">28450.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sc"></i>
Seychelles
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Victoria</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">88340</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">455.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sd"></i>
Sudan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Khartoum</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">35000000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1861484.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-se"></i>
Sweden
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Stockholm</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9828655</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">449964.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sg"></i>
Singapore
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Singapore</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4701069</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">692.7</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sh"></i>
Saint Helena
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Jamestown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7460</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">410.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-si"></i>
Slovenia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ljubljana</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2007000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">20273.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sj"></i>
Svalbard and Jan Mayen
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Longyearbyen</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2550</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">62049.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sk"></i>
Slovakia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bratislava</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5455000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">48845.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sl"></i>
Sierra Leone
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Freetown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5245695</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">71740.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sm"></i>
San Marino
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San Marino</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">31477</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">61.2</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sn"></i>
Senegal
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dakar</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">12323252</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">196190.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-so"></i>
Somalia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mogadishu</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10112453</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">637657.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sr"></i>
Suriname
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Paramaribo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">492829</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">163270.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ss"></i>
South Sudan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Juba</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8260490</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">644329.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-st"></i>
São Tomé and Príncipe
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">São Tomé</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">175808</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1001.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sv"></i>
El Salvador
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San Salvador</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6052064</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sx"></i>
Sint Maarten
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Philipsburg</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">37429</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sy"></i>
Syria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Damascus</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22198110</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">185180.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sz"></i>
Swaziland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mbabane</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1354051</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">17363.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tc"></i>
Turks and Caicos Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Cockburn Town</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">20556</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">430.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-td"></i>
Chad
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">N'Djamena</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10543464</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1284000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tf"></i>
French Southern Territories
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port-aux-Français</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">140</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">7829.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tg"></i>
Togo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lomé</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6587239</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">56785.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-th"></i>
Thailand
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bangkok</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">67089500</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">514000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tj"></i>
Tajikistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dushanbe</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7487489</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">143100.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tk"></i>
Tokelau
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1466</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tl"></i>
East Timor
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dili</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1154625</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">15007.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tm"></i>
Turkmenistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ashgabat</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4940916</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">488100.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tn"></i>
Tunisia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tunis</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10589025</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">163610.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-to"></i>
Tonga
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nuku'alofa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">122580</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">748.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tr"></i>
Turkey
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ankara</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">77804122</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">780580.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tt"></i>
Trinidad and Tobago
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port of Spain</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1228691</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">5128.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tv"></i>
Tuvalu
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Funafuti</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10472</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">26.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tw"></i>
Taiwan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Taipei</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22894384</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">35980.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tz"></i>
Tanzania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dodoma</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">41892895</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">945087.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ua"></i>
Ukraine
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kiev</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">45415596</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">603700.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ug"></i>
Uganda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kampala</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">33398682</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">236040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-um"></i>
U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">0.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-us"></i>
United States
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Washington</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">310232863</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9629091.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-uy"></i>
Uruguay
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Montevideo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3477000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">176220.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-uz"></i>
Uzbekistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tashkent</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">27865738</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">447400.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-va"></i>
Vatican City
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vatican City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">921</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">0.44</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vc"></i>
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kingstown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">104217</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">389.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ve"></i>
Venezuela
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Caracas</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">27223228</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">912050.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vg"></i>
British Virgin Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Road Town</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21730</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">153.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vi"></i>
U.S. Virgin Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Charlotte Amalie</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">108708</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">352.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vn"></i>
Vietnam
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hanoi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">89571130</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">329560.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vu"></i>
Vanuatu
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port Vila</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">221552</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">12200.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-wf"></i>
Wallis and Futuna
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mata-Utu</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16025</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">274.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ws"></i>
Samoa
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Apia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">192001</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2944.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-xk"></i>
Kosovo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pristina</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1800000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10908.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ye"></i>
Yemen
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sanaa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">23495361</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">527970.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-yt"></i>
Mayotte
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mamoudzou</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">159042</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">374.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-za"></i>
South Africa
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pretoria</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">49000000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1219912.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-zm"></i>
Zambia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lusaka</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13460305</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">752614.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-zw"></i>
Zimbabwe
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Harare</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11651858</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">390580.0</span><br/>
</div>
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DocType: it contains information about the type of document
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<title>Countries of the World: A Simple Example | Scrape This Site | A public sandbox for learning web scraping</title>
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<h1>
Countries of the World: A Simple Example
<small>250 items</small>
</h1>
<hr/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<p class="lead">
A single page that lists information about all the countries in the world. Good for those just get started with web scraping.
Practice looking for patterns in the HTML that will allow you to extract information about each country. Then, build a simple web scraper that makes a request to this page, parses the HTML and prints out each country's name.
</p>
<hr/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<p>
<i class="glyphicon glyphicon-education"></i> There are <a href="/lessons/">4 video lessons</a> that show you how to scrape this page.
</p>
<hr/>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 text-right">
<p>
Data via
<a class="data-attribution" href="https://peric.github.io/GetCountries/" target="_blank">http://peric.github.io/GetCountries/</a>
</p>
<hr/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ad"></i>
Andorra
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Andorra la Vella</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">84000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">468.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ae"></i>
United Arab Emirates
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Abu Dhabi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4975593</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">82880.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-af"></i>
Afghanistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kabul</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">29121286</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">647500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ag"></i>
Antigua and Barbuda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">St. John's</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">86754</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">443.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ai"></i>
Anguilla
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">The Valley</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13254</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">102.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-al"></i>
Albania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tirana</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2986952</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">28748.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-am"></i>
Armenia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yerevan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2968000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">29800.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ao"></i>
Angola
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Luanda</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13068161</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1246700.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-aq"></i>
Antarctica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1.4E7</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ar"></i>
Argentina
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Buenos Aires</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">41343201</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2766890.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-as"></i>
American Samoa
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pago Pago</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">57881</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">199.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-at"></i>
Austria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vienna</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8205000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">83858.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-au"></i>
Australia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Canberra</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21515754</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">7686850.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-aw"></i>
Aruba
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Oranjestad</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">71566</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">193.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ax"></i>
Åland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mariehamn</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">26711</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1580.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-az"></i>
Azerbaijan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Baku</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8303512</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">86600.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ba"></i>
Bosnia and Herzegovina
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sarajevo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4590000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">51129.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bb"></i>
Barbados
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bridgetown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">285653</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">431.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bd"></i>
Bangladesh
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dhaka</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">156118464</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">144000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-be"></i>
Belgium
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Brussels</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10403000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">30510.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bf"></i>
Burkina Faso
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ouagadougou</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16241811</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">274200.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bg"></i>
Bulgaria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sofia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7148785</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">110910.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bh"></i>
Bahrain
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Manama</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">738004</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">665.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bi"></i>
Burundi
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bujumbura</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9863117</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">27830.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bj"></i>
Benin
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Porto-Novo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9056010</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">112620.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bl"></i>
Saint Barthélemy
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Gustavia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8450</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bm"></i>
Bermuda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hamilton</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">65365</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">53.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bn"></i>
Brunei
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bandar Seri Begawan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">395027</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">5770.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bo"></i>
Bolivia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sucre</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9947418</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1098580.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bq"></i>
Bonaire
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kralendijk</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">18012</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">328.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-br"></i>
Brazil
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Brasília</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">201103330</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">8511965.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bs"></i>
Bahamas
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nassau</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">301790</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">13940.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bt"></i>
Bhutan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Thimphu</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">699847</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">47000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bv"></i>
Bouvet Island
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">49.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bw"></i>
Botswana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Gaborone</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2029307</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">600370.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-by"></i>
Belarus
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Minsk</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9685000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">207600.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bz"></i>
Belize
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Belmopan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">314522</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">22966.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ca"></i>
Canada
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ottawa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">33679000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9984670.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cc"></i>
Cocos [Keeling] Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">West Island</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">628</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">14.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cd"></i>
Democratic Republic of the Congo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kinshasa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">70916439</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2345410.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cf"></i>
Central African Republic
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bangui</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4844927</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">622984.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cg"></i>
Republic of the Congo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Brazzaville</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3039126</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">342000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ch"></i>
Switzerland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bern</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7581000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">41290.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ci"></i>
Ivory Coast
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yamoussoukro</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21058798</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">322460.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ck"></i>
Cook Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Avarua</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21388</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">240.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cl"></i>
Chile
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Santiago</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16746491</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">756950.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cm"></i>
Cameroon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yaoundé</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">19294149</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">475440.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cn"></i>
China
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Beijing</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1330044000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9596960.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-co"></i>
Colombia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bogotá</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">47790000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1138910.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cr"></i>
Costa Rica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San José</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4516220</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">51100.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cu"></i>
Cuba
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Havana</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11423000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">110860.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cv"></i>
Cape Verde
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Praia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">508659</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">4033.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cw"></i>
Curacao
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Willemstad</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">141766</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">444.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cx"></i>
Christmas Island
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Flying Fish Cove</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1500</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">135.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cy"></i>
Cyprus
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nicosia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1102677</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9250.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cz"></i>
Czech Republic
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Prague</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10476000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">78866.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-de"></i>
Germany
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Berlin</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">81802257</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">357021.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dj"></i>
Djibouti
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Djibouti</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">740528</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">23000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dk"></i>
Denmark
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Copenhagen</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5484000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">43094.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dm"></i>
Dominica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Roseau</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">72813</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">754.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-do"></i>
Dominican Republic
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Santo Domingo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9823821</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">48730.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dz"></i>
Algeria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Algiers</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">34586184</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2381740.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ec"></i>
Ecuador
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Quito</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">14790608</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">283560.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ee"></i>
Estonia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tallinn</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1291170</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">45226.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-eg"></i>
Egypt
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Cairo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">80471869</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1001450.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-eh"></i>
Western Sahara
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Laâyoune / El Aaiún</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">273008</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">266000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-er"></i>
Eritrea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Asmara</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5792984</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">121320.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-es"></i>
Spain
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Madrid</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">46505963</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">504782.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-et"></i>
Ethiopia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Addis Ababa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">88013491</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1127127.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fi"></i>
Finland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Helsinki</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5244000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">337030.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fj"></i>
Fiji
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Suva</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">875983</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">18270.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fk"></i>
Falkland Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Stanley</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2638</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">12173.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fm"></i>
Micronesia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Palikir</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">107708</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">702.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fo"></i>
Faroe Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tórshavn</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">48228</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1399.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fr"></i>
France
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Paris</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">64768389</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">547030.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ga"></i>
Gabon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Libreville</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1545255</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">267667.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gb"></i>
United Kingdom
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">London</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">62348447</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">244820.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gd"></i>
Grenada
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">St. George's</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">107818</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">344.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ge"></i>
Georgia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tbilisi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4630000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">69700.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gf"></i>
French Guiana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Cayenne</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">195506</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">91000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gg"></i>
Guernsey
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">St Peter Port</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">65228</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">78.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gh"></i>
Ghana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Accra</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">24339838</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">239460.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gi"></i>
Gibraltar
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Gibraltar</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">27884</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">6.5</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gl"></i>
Greenland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nuuk</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">56375</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2166086.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gm"></i>
Gambia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bathurst</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1593256</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">11300.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gn"></i>
Guinea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Conakry</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10324025</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">245857.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gp"></i>
Guadeloupe
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Basse-Terre</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">443000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1780.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gq"></i>
Equatorial Guinea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Malabo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1014999</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">28051.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gr"></i>
Greece
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Athens</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11000000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">131940.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gs"></i>
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Grytviken</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">30</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">3903.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gt"></i>
Guatemala
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Guatemala City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13550440</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">108890.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gu"></i>
Guam
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hagåtña</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">159358</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">549.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gw"></i>
Guinea-Bissau
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bissau</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1565126</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">36120.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gy"></i>
Guyana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Georgetown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">748486</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">214970.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hk"></i>
Hong Kong
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hong Kong</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6898686</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1092.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hm"></i>
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">412.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hn"></i>
Honduras
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tegucigalpa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7989415</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">112090.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hr"></i>
Croatia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Zagreb</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4491000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">56542.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ht"></i>
Haiti
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port-au-Prince</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9648924</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">27750.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hu"></i>
Hungary
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Budapest</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9982000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">93030.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-id"></i>
Indonesia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Jakarta</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">242968342</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1919440.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ie"></i>
Ireland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dublin</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4622917</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">70280.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-il"></i>
Israel
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7353985</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">20770.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-im"></i>
Isle of Man
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Douglas</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">75049</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">572.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-in"></i>
India
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">New Delhi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1173108018</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">3287590.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-io"></i>
British Indian Ocean Territory
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">60.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-iq"></i>
Iraq
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Baghdad</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">29671605</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">437072.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ir"></i>
Iran
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tehran</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">76923300</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1648000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-is"></i>
Iceland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Reykjavik</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">308910</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">103000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-it"></i>
Italy
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Rome</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">60340328</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">301230.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-je"></i>
Jersey
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saint Helier</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">90812</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">116.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jm"></i>
Jamaica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kingston</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2847232</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10991.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jo"></i>
Jordan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Amman</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6407085</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">92300.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jp"></i>
Japan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tokyo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">127288000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">377835.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ke"></i>
Kenya
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nairobi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">40046566</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">582650.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kg"></i>
Kyrgyzstan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bishkek</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5776500</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">198500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kh"></i>
Cambodia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Phnom Penh</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">14453680</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">181040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ki"></i>
Kiribati
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tarawa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">92533</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">811.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-km"></i>
Comoros
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Moroni</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">773407</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2170.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kn"></i>
Saint Kitts and Nevis
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Basseterre</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">51134</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">261.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kp"></i>
North Korea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pyongyang</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22912177</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">120540.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kr"></i>
South Korea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Seoul</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">48422644</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">98480.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kw"></i>
Kuwait
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kuwait City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2789132</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">17820.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ky"></i>
Cayman Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">George Town</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">44270</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">262.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kz"></i>
Kazakhstan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Astana</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">15340000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2717300.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-la"></i>
Laos
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vientiane</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6368162</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">236800.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lb"></i>
Lebanon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Beirut</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4125247</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10400.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lc"></i>
Saint Lucia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Castries</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">160922</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">616.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-li"></i>
Liechtenstein
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vaduz</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">35000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">160.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lk"></i>
Sri Lanka
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Colombo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21513990</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">65610.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lr"></i>
Liberia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Monrovia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3685076</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">111370.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ls"></i>
Lesotho
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Maseru</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1919552</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">30355.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lt"></i>
Lithuania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vilnius</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2944459</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">65200.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lu"></i>
Luxembourg
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Luxembourg</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">497538</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2586.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lv"></i>
Latvia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Riga</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2217969</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">64589.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ly"></i>
Libya
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tripoli</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6461454</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1759540.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ma"></i>
Morocco
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Rabat</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">31627428</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">446550.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mc"></i>
Monaco
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Monaco</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">32965</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1.95</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-md"></i>
Moldova
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Chişinău</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4324000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">33843.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-me"></i>
Montenegro
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Podgorica</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">666730</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">14026.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mf"></i>
Saint Martin
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Marigot</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">35925</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">53.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mg"></i>
Madagascar
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Antananarivo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21281844</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">587040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mh"></i>
Marshall Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Majuro</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">65859</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">181.3</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mk"></i>
Macedonia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Skopje</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2062294</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">25333.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ml"></i>
Mali
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bamako</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13796354</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1240000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mm"></i>
Myanmar [Burma]
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Naypyitaw</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">53414374</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">678500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mn"></i>
Mongolia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ulan Bator</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3086918</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1565000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mo"></i>
Macao
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Macao</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">449198</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">254.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mp"></i>
Northern Mariana Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saipan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">53883</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">477.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mq"></i>
Martinique
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Fort-de-France</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">432900</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1100.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mr"></i>
Mauritania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nouakchott</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3205060</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1030700.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ms"></i>
Montserrat
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Plymouth</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9341</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">102.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mt"></i>
Malta
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Valletta</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">403000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">316.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mu"></i>
Mauritius
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port Louis</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1294104</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mv"></i>
Maldives
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Malé</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">395650</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">300.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mw"></i>
Malawi
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lilongwe</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">15447500</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">118480.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mx"></i>
Mexico
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mexico City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">112468855</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1972550.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-my"></i>
Malaysia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kuala Lumpur</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">28274729</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">329750.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mz"></i>
Mozambique
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Maputo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22061451</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">801590.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-na"></i>
Namibia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Windhoek</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2128471</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">825418.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nc"></i>
New Caledonia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Noumea</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">216494</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">19060.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ne"></i>
Niger
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Niamey</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">15878271</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1267000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nf"></i>
Norfolk Island
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kingston</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1828</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">34.6</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ng"></i>
Nigeria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Abuja</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">154000000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">923768.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ni"></i>
Nicaragua
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Managua</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5995928</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">129494.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nl"></i>
Netherlands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Amsterdam</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16645000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">41526.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-false"></i>
Norway
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Oslo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5009150</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">324220.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-np"></i>
Nepal
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kathmandu</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">28951852</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">140800.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nr"></i>
Nauru
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yaren</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10065</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nu"></i>
Niue
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Alofi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2166</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">260.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nz"></i>
New Zealand
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Wellington</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4252277</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">268680.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-om"></i>
Oman
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Muscat</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2967717</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">212460.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pa"></i>
Panama
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Panama City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3410676</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">78200.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pe"></i>
Peru
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lima</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">29907003</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1285220.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pf"></i>
French Polynesia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Papeete</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">270485</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">4167.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pg"></i>
Papua New Guinea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port Moresby</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6064515</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">462840.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ph"></i>
Philippines
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Manila</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">99900177</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">300000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pk"></i>
Pakistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Islamabad</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">184404791</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">803940.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pl"></i>
Poland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Warsaw</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">38500000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">312685.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pm"></i>
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saint-Pierre</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7012</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">242.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pn"></i>
Pitcairn Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Adamstown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">46</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">47.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pr"></i>
Puerto Rico
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San Juan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3916632</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9104.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ps"></i>
Palestine
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3800000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">5970.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pt"></i>
Portugal
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lisbon</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10676000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">92391.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pw"></i>
Palau
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Melekeok</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">19907</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">458.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-py"></i>
Paraguay
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Asunción</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6375830</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">406750.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-qa"></i>
Qatar
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Doha</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">840926</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">11437.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-re"></i>
Réunion
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saint-Denis</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">776948</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2517.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ro"></i>
Romania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bucharest</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21959278</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">237500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-rs"></i>
Serbia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Belgrade</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7344847</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">88361.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ru"></i>
Russia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Moscow</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">140702000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1.71E7</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-rw"></i>
Rwanda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kigali</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11055976</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">26338.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sa"></i>
Saudi Arabia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Riyadh</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">25731776</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1960582.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sb"></i>
Solomon Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Honiara</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">559198</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">28450.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sc"></i>
Seychelles
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Victoria</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">88340</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">455.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sd"></i>
Sudan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Khartoum</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">35000000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1861484.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-se"></i>
Sweden
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Stockholm</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9828655</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">449964.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sg"></i>
Singapore
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Singapore</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4701069</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">692.7</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sh"></i>
Saint Helena
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Jamestown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7460</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">410.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-si"></i>
Slovenia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ljubljana</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2007000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">20273.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sj"></i>
Svalbard and Jan Mayen
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Longyearbyen</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2550</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">62049.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sk"></i>
Slovakia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bratislava</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5455000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">48845.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sl"></i>
Sierra Leone
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Freetown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5245695</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">71740.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sm"></i>
San Marino
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San Marino</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">31477</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">61.2</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sn"></i>
Senegal
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dakar</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">12323252</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">196190.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-so"></i>
Somalia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mogadishu</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10112453</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">637657.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sr"></i>
Suriname
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Paramaribo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">492829</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">163270.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ss"></i>
South Sudan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Juba</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8260490</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">644329.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-st"></i>
São Tomé and Príncipe
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">São Tomé</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">175808</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1001.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sv"></i>
El Salvador
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San Salvador</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6052064</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sx"></i>
Sint Maarten
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Philipsburg</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">37429</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sy"></i>
Syria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Damascus</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22198110</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">185180.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sz"></i>
Swaziland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mbabane</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1354051</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">17363.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tc"></i>
Turks and Caicos Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Cockburn Town</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">20556</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">430.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-td"></i>
Chad
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">N'Djamena</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10543464</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1284000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tf"></i>
French Southern Territories
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port-aux-Français</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">140</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">7829.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tg"></i>
Togo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lomé</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6587239</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">56785.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-th"></i>
Thailand
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bangkok</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">67089500</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">514000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tj"></i>
Tajikistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dushanbe</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7487489</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">143100.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tk"></i>
Tokelau
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1466</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tl"></i>
East Timor
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dili</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1154625</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">15007.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tm"></i>
Turkmenistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ashgabat</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4940916</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">488100.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tn"></i>
Tunisia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tunis</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10589025</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">163610.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-to"></i>
Tonga
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nuku'alofa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">122580</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">748.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tr"></i>
Turkey
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ankara</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">77804122</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">780580.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tt"></i>
Trinidad and Tobago
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port of Spain</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1228691</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">5128.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tv"></i>
Tuvalu
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Funafuti</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10472</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">26.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tw"></i>
Taiwan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Taipei</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22894384</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">35980.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tz"></i>
Tanzania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dodoma</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">41892895</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">945087.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ua"></i>
Ukraine
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kiev</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">45415596</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">603700.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ug"></i>
Uganda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kampala</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">33398682</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">236040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-um"></i>
U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">0.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-us"></i>
United States
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Washington</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">310232863</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9629091.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-uy"></i>
Uruguay
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Montevideo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3477000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">176220.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-uz"></i>
Uzbekistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tashkent</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">27865738</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">447400.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-va"></i>
Vatican City
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vatican City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">921</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">0.44</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vc"></i>
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kingstown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">104217</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">389.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ve"></i>
Venezuela
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Caracas</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">27223228</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">912050.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vg"></i>
British Virgin Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Road Town</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21730</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">153.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vi"></i>
U.S. Virgin Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Charlotte Amalie</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">108708</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">352.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vn"></i>
Vietnam
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hanoi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">89571130</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">329560.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vu"></i>
Vanuatu
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port Vila</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">221552</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">12200.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-wf"></i>
Wallis and Futuna
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mata-Utu</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16025</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">274.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ws"></i>
Samoa
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Apia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">192001</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2944.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-xk"></i>
Kosovo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pristina</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1800000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10908.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ye"></i>
Yemen
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sanaa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">23495361</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">527970.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-yt"></i>
Mayotte
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mamoudzou</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">159042</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">374.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-za"></i>
South Africa
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pretoria</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">49000000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1219912.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-zm"></i>
Zambia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lusaka</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13460305</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">752614.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-zw"></i>
Zimbabwe
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Harare</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11651858</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">390580.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
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data[1]
<head> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <title>Countries of the World: A Simple Example | Scrape This Site | A public sandbox for learning web scraping</title> <link href="/static/images/scraper-icon.png" rel="icon" type="image/png"/> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/> <meta content="A single page that lists information about all the countries in the world. Good for those just get started with web scraping." name="description"/> <link crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha256-MfvZlkHCEqatNoGiOXveE8FIwMzZg4W85qfrfIFBfYc= sha512-dTfge/zgoMYpP7QbHy4gWMEGsbsdZeCXz7irItjcC3sPUFtf0kuFbDz/ixG7ArTxmDjLXDmezHubeNikyKGVyQ==" rel="stylesheet"/> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link href="/static/css/styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <meta content="noindex" name="robots"/> <link href="https://lipis.github.io/flag-icon-css/css/flag-icon.css" rel="stylesheet"/> </head>
data[1].text
'\n\nCountries of the World: A Simple Example | Scrape This Site | A public sandbox for learning web scraping\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n'
data[3].text
"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Scrape This Site\n \n\n\n\n\n Sandbox\n \n\n\n\n\n Lessons\n \n\n\n\n\n FAQ\n \n\n\n\n Login\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Countries of the World: A Simple Example\n 250 items\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n A single page that lists information about all the countries in the world. Good for those just get started with web scraping.\n Practice looking for patterns in the HTML that will allow you to extract information about each country. Then, build a simple web scraper that makes a request to this page, parses the HTML and prints out each country's name.\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n There are 4 video lessons that show you how to scrape this page.\n \n\n\n\n\n \n Data via\n http://peric.github.io/GetCountries/\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Andorra\n \n\nCapital: Andorra la Vella\nPopulation: 84000\nArea (km2): 468.0\n\n\n\n\n\n United Arab Emirates\n \n\nCapital: Abu Dhabi\nPopulation: 4975593\nArea (km2): 82880.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Afghanistan\n \n\nCapital: Kabul\nPopulation: 29121286\nArea (km2): 647500.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Antigua and Barbuda\n \n\nCapital: St. John's\nPopulation: 86754\nArea (km2): 443.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Anguilla\n \n\nCapital: The Valley\nPopulation: 13254\nArea (km2): 102.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Albania\n \n\nCapital: Tirana\nPopulation: 2986952\nArea (km2): 28748.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Armenia\n \n\nCapital: Yerevan\nPopulation: 2968000\nArea (km2): 29800.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Angola\n \n\nCapital: Luanda\nPopulation: 13068161\nArea (km2): 1246700.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Antarctica\n \n\nCapital: None\nPopulation: 0\nArea (km2): 1.4E7\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Argentina\n \n\nCapital: Buenos Aires\nPopulation: 41343201\nArea (km2): 2766890.0\n\n\n\n\n\n American Samoa\n \n\nCapital: Pago Pago\nPopulation: 57881\nArea (km2): 199.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Austria\n \n\nCapital: Vienna\nPopulation: 8205000\nArea (km2): 83858.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Australia\n \n\nCapital: Canberra\nPopulation: 21515754\nArea (km2): 7686850.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Aruba\n \n\nCapital: Oranjestad\nPopulation: 71566\nArea (km2): 193.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Åland\n \n\nCapital: Mariehamn\nPopulation: 26711\nArea (km2): 1580.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Azerbaijan\n \n\nCapital: Baku\nPopulation: 8303512\nArea (km2): 86600.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Bosnia and Herzegovina\n \n\nCapital: Sarajevo\nPopulation: 4590000\nArea (km2): 51129.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Barbados\n \n\nCapital: Bridgetown\nPopulation: 285653\nArea (km2): 431.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Bangladesh\n \n\nCapital: Dhaka\nPopulation: 156118464\nArea (km2): 144000.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Belgium\n \n\nCapital: Brussels\nPopulation: 10403000\nArea (km2): 30510.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Burkina Faso\n \n\nCapital: Ouagadougou\nPopulation: 16241811\nArea (km2): 274200.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Bulgaria\n \n\nCapital: Sofia\nPopulation: 7148785\nArea (km2): 110910.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Bahrain\n \n\nCapital: Manama\nPopulation: 738004\nArea (km2): 665.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Burundi\n \n\nCapital: Bujumbura\nPopulation: 9863117\nArea (km2): 27830.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Benin\n \n\nCapital: Porto-Novo\nPopulation: 9056010\nArea (km2): 112620.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Saint Barthélemy\n \n\nCapital: Gustavia\nPopulation: 8450\nArea (km2): 21.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Bermuda\n \n\nCapital: Hamilton\nPopulation: 65365\nArea (km2): 53.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Brunei\n \n\nCapital: Bandar Seri Begawan\nPopulation: 395027\nArea (km2): 5770.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Bolivia\n \n\nCapital: Sucre\nPopulation: 9947418\nArea (km2): 1098580.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Bonaire\n \n\nCapital: Kralendijk\nPopulation: 18012\nArea (km2): 328.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Brazil\n \n\nCapital: Brasília\nPopulation: 201103330\nArea (km2): 8511965.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Bahamas\n \n\nCapital: Nassau\nPopulation: 301790\nArea (km2): 13940.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Bhutan\n \n\nCapital: Thimphu\nPopulation: 699847\nArea (km2): 47000.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Bouvet Island\n \n\nCapital: None\nPopulation: 0\nArea (km2): 49.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Botswana\n \n\nCapital: Gaborone\nPopulation: 2029307\nArea (km2): 600370.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Belarus\n \n\nCapital: Minsk\nPopulation: 9685000\nArea (km2): 207600.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Belize\n \n\nCapital: Belmopan\nPopulation: 314522\nArea (km2): 22966.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Canada\n \n\nCapital: Ottawa\nPopulation: 33679000\nArea (km2): 9984670.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Cocos [Keeling] Islands\n \n\nCapital: West Island\nPopulation: 628\nArea (km2): 14.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Democratic Republic of the Congo\n \n\nCapital: Kinshasa\nPopulation: 70916439\nArea (km2): 2345410.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Central African Republic\n \n\nCapital: Bangui\nPopulation: 4844927\nArea (km2): 622984.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Republic of the Congo\n \n\nCapital: Brazzaville\nPopulation: 3039126\nArea (km2): 342000.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Switzerland\n \n\nCapital: Bern\nPopulation: 7581000\nArea (km2): 41290.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Ivory Coast\n \n\nCapital: Yamoussoukro\nPopulation: 21058798\nArea (km2): 322460.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Cook Islands\n \n\nCapital: Avarua\nPopulation: 21388\nArea (km2): 240.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Chile\n \n\nCapital: Santiago\nPopulation: 16746491\nArea (km2): 756950.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Cameroon\n \n\nCapital: Yaoundé\nPopulation: 19294149\nArea (km2): 475440.0\n\n\n\n\n\n China\n \n\nCapital: Beijing\nPopulation: 1330044000\nArea (km2): 9596960.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Colombia\n \n\nCapital: Bogotá\nPopulation: 47790000\nArea (km2): 1138910.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Costa Rica\n \n\nCapital: San José\nPopulation: 4516220\nArea (km2): 51100.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Cuba\n \n\nCapital: Havana\nPopulation: 11423000\nArea (km2): 110860.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Cape Verde\n \n\nCapital: Praia\nPopulation: 508659\nArea (km2): 4033.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Curacao\n \n\nCapital: Willemstad\nPopulation: 141766\nArea (km2): 444.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Christmas Island\n \n\nCapital: Flying Fish Cove\nPopulation: 1500\nArea (km2): 135.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Cyprus\n \n\nCapital: Nicosia\nPopulation: 1102677\nArea (km2): 9250.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Czech Republic\n \n\nCapital: Prague\nPopulation: 10476000\nArea (km2): 78866.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Germany\n \n\nCapital: Berlin\nPopulation: 81802257\nArea (km2): 357021.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Djibouti\n \n\nCapital: Djibouti\nPopulation: 740528\nArea (km2): 23000.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Denmark\n \n\nCapital: Copenhagen\nPopulation: 5484000\nArea (km2): 43094.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Dominica\n \n\nCapital: Roseau\nPopulation: 72813\nArea (km2): 754.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Dominican Republic\n \n\nCapital: Santo Domingo\nPopulation: 9823821\nArea (km2): 48730.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Algeria\n \n\nCapital: Algiers\nPopulation: 34586184\nArea (km2): 2381740.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Ecuador\n \n\nCapital: Quito\nPopulation: 14790608\nArea (km2): 283560.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Estonia\n \n\nCapital: Tallinn\nPopulation: 1291170\nArea (km2): 45226.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Egypt\n \n\nCapital: Cairo\nPopulation: 80471869\nArea (km2): 1001450.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Western Sahara\n \n\nCapital: Laâyoune / El Aaiún\nPopulation: 273008\nArea (km2): 266000.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Eritrea\n \n\nCapital: Asmara\nPopulation: 5792984\nArea (km2): 121320.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Spain\n \n\nCapital: Madrid\nPopulation: 46505963\nArea (km2): 504782.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Ethiopia\n \n\nCapital: Addis Ababa\nPopulation: 88013491\nArea (km2): 1127127.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Finland\n \n\nCapital: Helsinki\nPopulation: 5244000\nArea (km2): 337030.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Fiji\n \n\nCapital: Suva\nPopulation: 875983\nArea (km2): 18270.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Falkland Islands\n \n\nCapital: Stanley\nPopulation: 2638\nArea (km2): 12173.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Micronesia\n \n\nCapital: Palikir\nPopulation: 107708\nArea (km2): 702.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Faroe Islands\n \n\nCapital: Tórshavn\nPopulation: 48228\nArea (km2): 1399.0\n\n\n\n\n\n France\n \n\nCapital: Paris\nPopulation: 64768389\nArea (km2): 547030.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Gabon\n \n\nCapital: Libreville\nPopulation: 1545255\nArea (km2): 267667.0\n\n\n\n\n\n United Kingdom\n \n\nCapital: London\nPopulation: 62348447\nArea (km2): 244820.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Grenada\n \n\nCapital: St. George's\nPopulation: 107818\nArea (km2): 344.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Georgia\n \n\nCapital: Tbilisi\nPopulation: 4630000\nArea (km2): 69700.0\n\n\n\n\n\n French Guiana\n \n\nCapital: Cayenne\nPopulation: 195506\nArea (km2): 91000.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Guernsey\n \n\nCapital: St Peter Port\nPopulation: 65228\nArea (km2): 78.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Ghana\n \n\nCapital: Accra\nPopulation: 24339838\nArea (km2): 239460.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Gibraltar\n \n\nCapital: Gibraltar\nPopulation: 27884\nArea (km2): 6.5\n\n\n\n\n\n Greenland\n \n\nCapital: Nuuk\nPopulation: 56375\nArea (km2): 2166086.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Gambia\n \n\nCapital: Bathurst\nPopulation: 1593256\nArea (km2): 11300.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Guinea\n \n\nCapital: Conakry\nPopulation: 10324025\nArea (km2): 245857.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Guadeloupe\n \n\nCapital: Basse-Terre\nPopulation: 443000\nArea (km2): 1780.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Equatorial Guinea\n \n\nCapital: Malabo\nPopulation: 1014999\nArea (km2): 28051.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Greece\n \n\nCapital: Athens\nPopulation: 11000000\nArea (km2): 131940.0\n\n\n\n\n\n South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands\n \n\nCapital: Grytviken\nPopulation: 30\nArea (km2): 3903.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Guatemala\n \n\nCapital: Guatemala City\nPopulation: 13550440\nArea (km2): 108890.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Guam\n \n\nCapital: Hagåtña\nPopulation: 159358\nArea (km2): 549.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Guinea-Bissau\n \n\nCapital: Bissau\nPopulation: 1565126\nArea (km2): 36120.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Guyana\n \n\nCapital: Georgetown\nPopulation: 748486\nArea (km2): 214970.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Hong Kong\n \n\nCapital: Hong Kong\nPopulation: 6898686\nArea (km2): 1092.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Heard Island and McDonald Islands\n \n\nCapital: None\nPopulation: 0\nArea (km2): 412.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Honduras\n \n\nCapital: Tegucigalpa\nPopulation: 7989415\nArea (km2): 112090.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Croatia\n \n\nCapital: Zagreb\nPopulation: 4491000\nArea (km2): 56542.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Haiti\n \n\nCapital: Port-au-Prince\nPopulation: 9648924\nArea (km2): 27750.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Hungary\n \n\nCapital: Budapest\nPopulation: 9982000\nArea (km2): 93030.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Indonesia\n \n\nCapital: Jakarta\nPopulation: 242968342\nArea (km2): 1919440.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Ireland\n \n\nCapital: Dublin\nPopulation: 4622917\nArea (km2): 70280.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Israel\n \n\nCapital: None\nPopulation: 7353985\nArea (km2): 20770.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Isle of Man\n \n\nCapital: Douglas\nPopulation: 75049\nArea (km2): 572.0\n\n\n\n\n\n India\n \n\nCapital: New Delhi\nPopulation: 1173108018\nArea (km2): 3287590.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n British Indian Ocean Territory\n \n\nCapital: None\nPopulation: 4000\nArea (km2): 60.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Iraq\n \n\nCapital: Baghdad\nPopulation: 29671605\nArea (km2): 437072.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Iran\n \n\nCapital: Tehran\nPopulation: 76923300\nArea (km2): 1648000.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Iceland\n \n\nCapital: Reykjavik\nPopulation: 308910\nArea (km2): 103000.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Italy\n \n\nCapital: Rome\nPopulation: 60340328\nArea (km2): 301230.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Jersey\n \n\nCapital: Saint Helier\nPopulation: 90812\nArea (km2): 116.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Jamaica\n \n\nCapital: Kingston\nPopulation: 2847232\nArea (km2): 10991.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Jordan\n \n\nCapital: Amman\nPopulation: 6407085\nArea (km2): 92300.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Japan\n \n\nCapital: Tokyo\nPopulation: 127288000\nArea (km2): 377835.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Kenya\n \n\nCapital: Nairobi\nPopulation: 40046566\nArea (km2): 582650.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Kyrgyzstan\n \n\nCapital: Bishkek\nPopulation: 5776500\nArea (km2): 198500.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Cambodia\n \n\nCapital: Phnom Penh\nPopulation: 14453680\nArea (km2): 181040.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Kiribati\n \n\nCapital: Tarawa\nPopulation: 92533\nArea (km2): 811.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Comoros\n \n\nCapital: Moroni\nPopulation: 773407\nArea (km2): 2170.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Saint Kitts and Nevis\n \n\nCapital: Basseterre\nPopulation: 51134\nArea (km2): 261.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n North Korea\n \n\nCapital: Pyongyang\nPopulation: 22912177\nArea (km2): 120540.0\n\n\n\n\n\n South Korea\n \n\nCapital: Seoul\nPopulation: 48422644\nArea (km2): 98480.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Kuwait\n \n\nCapital: Kuwait City\nPopulation: 2789132\nArea (km2): 17820.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Cayman Islands\n \n\nCapital: George Town\nPopulation: 44270\nArea (km2): 262.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Kazakhstan\n \n\nCapital: Astana\nPopulation: 15340000\nArea (km2): 2717300.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Laos\n \n\nCapital: Vientiane\nPopulation: 6368162\nArea (km2): 236800.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Lebanon\n \n\nCapital: Beirut\nPopulation: 4125247\nArea (km2): 10400.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Saint Lucia\n \n\nCapital: Castries\nPopulation: 160922\nArea (km2): 616.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Liechtenstein\n \n\nCapital: Vaduz\nPopulation: 35000\nArea (km2): 160.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Sri Lanka\n \n\nCapital: Colombo\nPopulation: 21513990\nArea (km2): 65610.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Liberia\n \n\nCapital: Monrovia\nPopulation: 3685076\nArea (km2): 111370.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Lesotho\n \n\nCapital: Maseru\nPopulation: 1919552\nArea (km2): 30355.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Lithuania\n \n\nCapital: Vilnius\nPopulation: 2944459\nArea (km2): 65200.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Luxembourg\n \n\nCapital: Luxembourg\nPopulation: 497538\nArea (km2): 2586.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Latvia\n \n\nCapital: Riga\nPopulation: 2217969\nArea (km2): 64589.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Libya\n \n\nCapital: Tripoli\nPopulation: 6461454\nArea (km2): 1759540.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Morocco\n \n\nCapital: Rabat\nPopulation: 31627428\nArea (km2): 446550.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Monaco\n \n\nCapital: Monaco\nPopulation: 32965\nArea (km2): 1.95\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Moldova\n \n\nCapital: Chişinău\nPopulation: 4324000\nArea (km2): 33843.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Montenegro\n \n\nCapital: Podgorica\nPopulation: 666730\nArea (km2): 14026.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Saint Martin\n \n\nCapital: Marigot\nPopulation: 35925\nArea (km2): 53.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Madagascar\n \n\nCapital: Antananarivo\nPopulation: 21281844\nArea (km2): 587040.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Marshall Islands\n \n\nCapital: Majuro\nPopulation: 65859\nArea (km2): 181.3\n\n\n\n\n\n Macedonia\n \n\nCapital: Skopje\nPopulation: 2062294\nArea (km2): 25333.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Mali\n \n\nCapital: Bamako\nPopulation: 13796354\nArea (km2): 1240000.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Myanmar [Burma]\n \n\nCapital: Naypyitaw\nPopulation: 53414374\nArea (km2): 678500.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Mongolia\n \n\nCapital: Ulan Bator\nPopulation: 3086918\nArea (km2): 1565000.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Macao\n \n\nCapital: Macao\nPopulation: 449198\nArea (km2): 254.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Northern Mariana Islands\n \n\nCapital: Saipan\nPopulation: 53883\nArea (km2): 477.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Martinique\n \n\nCapital: Fort-de-France\nPopulation: 432900\nArea (km2): 1100.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Mauritania\n \n\nCapital: Nouakchott\nPopulation: 3205060\nArea (km2): 1030700.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Montserrat\n \n\nCapital: Plymouth\nPopulation: 9341\nArea (km2): 102.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Malta\n \n\nCapital: Valletta\nPopulation: 403000\nArea (km2): 316.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Mauritius\n \n\nCapital: Port Louis\nPopulation: 1294104\nArea (km2): 2040.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Maldives\n \n\nCapital: Malé\nPopulation: 395650\nArea (km2): 300.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Malawi\n \n\nCapital: Lilongwe\nPopulation: 15447500\nArea (km2): 118480.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Mexico\n \n\nCapital: Mexico City\nPopulation: 112468855\nArea (km2): 1972550.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Malaysia\n \n\nCapital: Kuala Lumpur\nPopulation: 28274729\nArea (km2): 329750.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Mozambique\n \n\nCapital: Maputo\nPopulation: 22061451\nArea (km2): 801590.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Namibia\n \n\nCapital: Windhoek\nPopulation: 2128471\nArea (km2): 825418.0\n\n\n\n\n\n New Caledonia\n \n\nCapital: Noumea\nPopulation: 216494\nArea (km2): 19060.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Niger\n \n\nCapital: Niamey\nPopulation: 15878271\nArea (km2): 1267000.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Norfolk Island\n \n\nCapital: Kingston\nPopulation: 1828\nArea (km2): 34.6\n\n\n\n\n\n Nigeria\n \n\nCapital: Abuja\nPopulation: 154000000\nArea (km2): 923768.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Nicaragua\n \n\nCapital: Managua\nPopulation: 5995928\nArea (km2): 129494.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Netherlands\n \n\nCapital: Amsterdam\nPopulation: 16645000\nArea (km2): 41526.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Norway\n \n\nCapital: Oslo\nPopulation: 5009150\nArea (km2): 324220.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Nepal\n \n\nCapital: Kathmandu\nPopulation: 28951852\nArea (km2): 140800.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Nauru\n \n\nCapital: Yaren\nPopulation: 10065\nArea (km2): 21.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Niue\n \n\nCapital: Alofi\nPopulation: 2166\nArea (km2): 260.0\n\n\n\n\n\n New Zealand\n \n\nCapital: Wellington\nPopulation: 4252277\nArea (km2): 268680.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Oman\n \n\nCapital: Muscat\nPopulation: 2967717\nArea (km2): 212460.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Panama\n \n\nCapital: Panama City\nPopulation: 3410676\nArea (km2): 78200.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Peru\n \n\nCapital: Lima\nPopulation: 29907003\nArea (km2): 1285220.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n French Polynesia\n \n\nCapital: Papeete\nPopulation: 270485\nArea (km2): 4167.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Papua New Guinea\n \n\nCapital: Port Moresby\nPopulation: 6064515\nArea (km2): 462840.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Philippines\n \n\nCapital: Manila\nPopulation: 99900177\nArea (km2): 300000.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Pakistan\n \n\nCapital: Islamabad\nPopulation: 184404791\nArea (km2): 803940.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Poland\n \n\nCapital: Warsaw\nPopulation: 38500000\nArea (km2): 312685.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Saint Pierre and Miquelon\n \n\nCapital: Saint-Pierre\nPopulation: 7012\nArea (km2): 242.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Pitcairn Islands\n \n\nCapital: Adamstown\nPopulation: 46\nArea (km2): 47.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Puerto Rico\n \n\nCapital: San Juan\nPopulation: 3916632\nArea (km2): 9104.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Palestine\n \n\nCapital: None\nPopulation: 3800000\nArea (km2): 5970.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Portugal\n \n\nCapital: Lisbon\nPopulation: 10676000\nArea (km2): 92391.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Palau\n \n\nCapital: Melekeok\nPopulation: 19907\nArea (km2): 458.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Paraguay\n \n\nCapital: Asunción\nPopulation: 6375830\nArea (km2): 406750.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Qatar\n \n\nCapital: Doha\nPopulation: 840926\nArea (km2): 11437.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Réunion\n \n\nCapital: Saint-Denis\nPopulation: 776948\nArea (km2): 2517.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Romania\n \n\nCapital: Bucharest\nPopulation: 21959278\nArea (km2): 237500.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Serbia\n \n\nCapital: Belgrade\nPopulation: 7344847\nArea (km2): 88361.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Russia\n \n\nCapital: Moscow\nPopulation: 140702000\nArea (km2): 1.71E7\n\n\n\n\n\n Rwanda\n \n\nCapital: Kigali\nPopulation: 11055976\nArea (km2): 26338.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Saudi Arabia\n \n\nCapital: Riyadh\nPopulation: 25731776\nArea (km2): 1960582.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Solomon Islands\n \n\nCapital: Honiara\nPopulation: 559198\nArea (km2): 28450.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Seychelles\n \n\nCapital: Victoria\nPopulation: 88340\nArea (km2): 455.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Sudan\n \n\nCapital: Khartoum\nPopulation: 35000000\nArea (km2): 1861484.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Sweden\n \n\nCapital: Stockholm\nPopulation: 9828655\nArea (km2): 449964.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Singapore\n \n\nCapital: Singapore\nPopulation: 4701069\nArea (km2): 692.7\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Saint Helena\n \n\nCapital: Jamestown\nPopulation: 7460\nArea (km2): 410.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Slovenia\n \n\nCapital: Ljubljana\nPopulation: 2007000\nArea (km2): 20273.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Svalbard and Jan Mayen\n \n\nCapital: Longyearbyen\nPopulation: 2550\nArea (km2): 62049.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Slovakia\n \n\nCapital: Bratislava\nPopulation: 5455000\nArea (km2): 48845.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Sierra Leone\n \n\nCapital: Freetown\nPopulation: 5245695\nArea (km2): 71740.0\n\n\n\n\n\n San Marino\n \n\nCapital: San Marino\nPopulation: 31477\nArea (km2): 61.2\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Senegal\n \n\nCapital: Dakar\nPopulation: 12323252\nArea (km2): 196190.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Somalia\n \n\nCapital: Mogadishu\nPopulation: 10112453\nArea (km2): 637657.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Suriname\n \n\nCapital: Paramaribo\nPopulation: 492829\nArea (km2): 163270.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n South Sudan\n \n\nCapital: Juba\nPopulation: 8260490\nArea (km2): 644329.0\n\n\n\n\n\n São Tomé and Príncipe\n \n\nCapital: São Tomé\nPopulation: 175808\nArea (km2): 1001.0\n\n\n\n\n\n El Salvador\n \n\nCapital: San Salvador\nPopulation: 6052064\nArea (km2): 21040.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Sint Maarten\n \n\nCapital: Philipsburg\nPopulation: 37429\nArea (km2): 21.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Syria\n \n\nCapital: Damascus\nPopulation: 22198110\nArea (km2): 185180.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Swaziland\n \n\nCapital: Mbabane\nPopulation: 1354051\nArea (km2): 17363.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Turks and Caicos Islands\n \n\nCapital: Cockburn Town\nPopulation: 20556\nArea (km2): 430.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Chad\n \n\nCapital: N'Djamena\nPopulation: 10543464\nArea (km2): 1284000.0\n\n\n\n\n\n French Southern Territories\n \n\nCapital: Port-aux-Français\nPopulation: 140\nArea (km2): 7829.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Togo\n \n\nCapital: Lomé\nPopulation: 6587239\nArea (km2): 56785.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Thailand\n \n\nCapital: Bangkok\nPopulation: 67089500\nArea (km2): 514000.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Tajikistan\n \n\nCapital: Dushanbe\nPopulation: 7487489\nArea (km2): 143100.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Tokelau\n \n\nCapital: None\nPopulation: 1466\nArea (km2): 10.0\n\n\n\n\n\n East Timor\n \n\nCapital: Dili\nPopulation: 1154625\nArea (km2): 15007.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Turkmenistan\n \n\nCapital: Ashgabat\nPopulation: 4940916\nArea (km2): 488100.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Tunisia\n \n\nCapital: Tunis\nPopulation: 10589025\nArea (km2): 163610.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Tonga\n \n\nCapital: Nuku'alofa\nPopulation: 122580\nArea (km2): 748.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Turkey\n \n\nCapital: Ankara\nPopulation: 77804122\nArea (km2): 780580.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Trinidad and Tobago\n \n\nCapital: Port of Spain\nPopulation: 1228691\nArea (km2): 5128.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Tuvalu\n \n\nCapital: Funafuti\nPopulation: 10472\nArea (km2): 26.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Taiwan\n \n\nCapital: Taipei\nPopulation: 22894384\nArea (km2): 35980.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Tanzania\n \n\nCapital: Dodoma\nPopulation: 41892895\nArea (km2): 945087.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Ukraine\n \n\nCapital: Kiev\nPopulation: 45415596\nArea (km2): 603700.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Uganda\n \n\nCapital: Kampala\nPopulation: 33398682\nArea (km2): 236040.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n U.S. Minor Outlying Islands\n \n\nCapital: None\nPopulation: 0\nArea (km2): 0.0\n\n\n\n\n\n United States\n \n\nCapital: Washington\nPopulation: 310232863\nArea (km2): 9629091.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Uruguay\n \n\nCapital: Montevideo\nPopulation: 3477000\nArea (km2): 176220.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Uzbekistan\n \n\nCapital: Tashkent\nPopulation: 27865738\nArea (km2): 447400.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Vatican City\n \n\nCapital: Vatican City\nPopulation: 921\nArea (km2): 0.44\n\n\n\n\n\n Saint Vincent and the Grenadines\n \n\nCapital: Kingstown\nPopulation: 104217\nArea (km2): 389.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Venezuela\n \n\nCapital: Caracas\nPopulation: 27223228\nArea (km2): 912050.0\n\n\n\n\n\n British Virgin Islands\n \n\nCapital: Road Town\nPopulation: 21730\nArea (km2): 153.0\n\n\n\n\n\n U.S. Virgin Islands\n \n\nCapital: Charlotte Amalie\nPopulation: 108708\nArea (km2): 352.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Vietnam\n \n\nCapital: Hanoi\nPopulation: 89571130\nArea (km2): 329560.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Vanuatu\n \n\nCapital: Port Vila\nPopulation: 221552\nArea (km2): 12200.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Wallis and Futuna\n \n\nCapital: Mata-Utu\nPopulation: 16025\nArea (km2): 274.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Samoa\n \n\nCapital: Apia\nPopulation: 192001\nArea (km2): 2944.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Kosovo\n \n\nCapital: Pristina\nPopulation: 1800000\nArea (km2): 10908.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Yemen\n \n\nCapital: Sanaa\nPopulation: 23495361\nArea (km2): 527970.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Mayotte\n \n\nCapital: Mamoudzou\nPopulation: 159042\nArea (km2): 374.0\n\n\n\n\n\n South Africa\n \n\nCapital: Pretoria\nPopulation: 49000000\nArea (km2): 1219912.0\n\n\n\n\n\n Zambia\n \n\nCapital: Lusaka\nPopulation: 13460305\nArea (km2): 752614.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Zimbabwe\n \n\nCapital: Harare\nPopulation: 11651858\nArea (km2): 390580.0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Lessons and Videos © Hartley Brody 2018\n \n\n\n\n"
soup = BeautifulSoup(countries.content,'html.parser')
list_p = soup.find_all('p')
list_p
[<p class="lead">
A single page that lists information about all the countries in the world. Good for those just get started with web scraping.
Practice looking for patterns in the HTML that will allow you to extract information about each country. Then, build a simple web scraper that makes a request to this page, parses the HTML and prints out each country's name.
</p>,
<p>
<i class="glyphicon glyphicon-education"></i> There are <a href="/lessons/">4 video lessons</a> that show you how to scrape this page.
</p>,
<p>
Data via
<a class="data-attribution" href="https://peric.github.io/GetCountries/" target="_blank">http://peric.github.io/GetCountries/</a>
</p>]
list_p[0]
<p class="lead">
A single page that lists information about all the countries in the world. Good for those just get started with web scraping.
Practice looking for patterns in the HTML that will allow you to extract information about each country. Then, build a simple web scraper that makes a request to this page, parses the HTML and prints out each country's name.
</p>
list_p[0].get_text()
"\n A single page that lists information about all the countries in the world. Good for those just get started with web scraping.\n Practice looking for patterns in the HTML that will allow you to extract information about each country. Then, build a simple web scraper that makes a request to this page, parses the HTML and prints out each country's name.\n "
for items in list_p:
print(items.get_text())
A single page that lists information about all the countries in the world. Good for those just get started with web scraping.
Practice looking for patterns in the HTML that will allow you to extract information about each country. Then, build a simple web scraper that makes a request to this page, parses the HTML and prints out each country's name.
There are 4 video lessons that show you how to scrape this page.
Data via
http://peric.github.io/GetCountries/
list_strong = soup.find_all('strong')
list_strong
[<strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, <strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>, 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soup
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<h1>
Countries of the World: A Simple Example
<small>250 items</small>
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A single page that lists information about all the countries in the world. Good for those just get started with web scraping.
Practice looking for patterns in the HTML that will allow you to extract information about each country. Then, build a simple web scraper that makes a request to this page, parses the HTML and prints out each country's name.
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<i class="glyphicon glyphicon-education"></i> There are <a href="/lessons/">4 video lessons</a> that show you how to scrape this page.
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Data via
<a class="data-attribution" href="https://peric.github.io/GetCountries/" target="_blank">http://peric.github.io/GetCountries/</a>
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<h3 class="country-name">
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Andorra
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Andorra la Vella</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">84000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">468.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ae"></i>
United Arab Emirates
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Abu Dhabi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4975593</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">82880.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-af"></i>
Afghanistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kabul</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">29121286</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">647500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ag"></i>
Antigua and Barbuda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">St. John's</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">86754</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">443.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ai"></i>
Anguilla
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">The Valley</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13254</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">102.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-al"></i>
Albania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tirana</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2986952</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">28748.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-am"></i>
Armenia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yerevan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2968000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">29800.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ao"></i>
Angola
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Luanda</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13068161</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1246700.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-aq"></i>
Antarctica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1.4E7</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ar"></i>
Argentina
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Buenos Aires</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">41343201</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2766890.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-as"></i>
American Samoa
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pago Pago</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">57881</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">199.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-at"></i>
Austria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vienna</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8205000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">83858.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-au"></i>
Australia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Canberra</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21515754</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">7686850.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-aw"></i>
Aruba
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Oranjestad</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">71566</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">193.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ax"></i>
Åland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mariehamn</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">26711</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1580.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-az"></i>
Azerbaijan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Baku</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8303512</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">86600.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ba"></i>
Bosnia and Herzegovina
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sarajevo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4590000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">51129.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bb"></i>
Barbados
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bridgetown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">285653</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">431.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bd"></i>
Bangladesh
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dhaka</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">156118464</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">144000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-be"></i>
Belgium
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Brussels</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10403000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">30510.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bf"></i>
Burkina Faso
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ouagadougou</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16241811</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">274200.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bg"></i>
Bulgaria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sofia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7148785</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">110910.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bh"></i>
Bahrain
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Manama</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">738004</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">665.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bi"></i>
Burundi
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bujumbura</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9863117</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">27830.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bj"></i>
Benin
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Porto-Novo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9056010</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">112620.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bl"></i>
Saint Barthélemy
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Gustavia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8450</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bm"></i>
Bermuda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hamilton</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">65365</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">53.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bn"></i>
Brunei
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bandar Seri Begawan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">395027</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">5770.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bo"></i>
Bolivia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sucre</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9947418</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1098580.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bq"></i>
Bonaire
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kralendijk</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">18012</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">328.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-br"></i>
Brazil
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Brasília</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">201103330</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">8511965.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bs"></i>
Bahamas
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nassau</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">301790</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">13940.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bt"></i>
Bhutan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Thimphu</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">699847</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">47000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bv"></i>
Bouvet Island
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">49.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bw"></i>
Botswana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Gaborone</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2029307</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">600370.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-by"></i>
Belarus
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Minsk</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9685000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">207600.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bz"></i>
Belize
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Belmopan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">314522</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">22966.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ca"></i>
Canada
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ottawa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">33679000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9984670.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cc"></i>
Cocos [Keeling] Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">West Island</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">628</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">14.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cd"></i>
Democratic Republic of the Congo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kinshasa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">70916439</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2345410.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cf"></i>
Central African Republic
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bangui</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4844927</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">622984.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cg"></i>
Republic of the Congo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Brazzaville</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3039126</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">342000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ch"></i>
Switzerland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bern</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7581000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">41290.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ci"></i>
Ivory Coast
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yamoussoukro</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21058798</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">322460.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ck"></i>
Cook Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Avarua</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21388</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">240.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cl"></i>
Chile
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Santiago</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16746491</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">756950.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cm"></i>
Cameroon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yaoundé</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">19294149</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">475440.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cn"></i>
China
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Beijing</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1330044000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9596960.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-co"></i>
Colombia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bogotá</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">47790000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1138910.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cr"></i>
Costa Rica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San José</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4516220</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">51100.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cu"></i>
Cuba
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Havana</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11423000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">110860.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cv"></i>
Cape Verde
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Praia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">508659</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">4033.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cw"></i>
Curacao
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Willemstad</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">141766</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">444.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cx"></i>
Christmas Island
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Flying Fish Cove</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1500</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">135.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cy"></i>
Cyprus
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nicosia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1102677</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9250.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cz"></i>
Czech Republic
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Prague</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10476000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">78866.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-de"></i>
Germany
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Berlin</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">81802257</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">357021.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dj"></i>
Djibouti
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Djibouti</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">740528</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">23000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dk"></i>
Denmark
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Copenhagen</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5484000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">43094.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dm"></i>
Dominica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Roseau</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">72813</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">754.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-do"></i>
Dominican Republic
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Santo Domingo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9823821</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">48730.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dz"></i>
Algeria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Algiers</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">34586184</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2381740.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ec"></i>
Ecuador
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Quito</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">14790608</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">283560.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ee"></i>
Estonia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tallinn</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1291170</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">45226.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-eg"></i>
Egypt
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Cairo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">80471869</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1001450.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-eh"></i>
Western Sahara
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Laâyoune / El Aaiún</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">273008</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">266000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-er"></i>
Eritrea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Asmara</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5792984</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">121320.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-es"></i>
Spain
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Madrid</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">46505963</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">504782.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-et"></i>
Ethiopia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Addis Ababa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">88013491</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1127127.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fi"></i>
Finland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Helsinki</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5244000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">337030.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fj"></i>
Fiji
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Suva</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">875983</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">18270.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fk"></i>
Falkland Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Stanley</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2638</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">12173.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fm"></i>
Micronesia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Palikir</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">107708</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">702.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fo"></i>
Faroe Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tórshavn</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">48228</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1399.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fr"></i>
France
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Paris</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">64768389</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">547030.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ga"></i>
Gabon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Libreville</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1545255</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">267667.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gb"></i>
United Kingdom
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">London</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">62348447</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">244820.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gd"></i>
Grenada
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">St. George's</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">107818</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">344.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ge"></i>
Georgia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tbilisi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4630000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">69700.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gf"></i>
French Guiana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Cayenne</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">195506</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">91000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gg"></i>
Guernsey
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">St Peter Port</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">65228</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">78.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gh"></i>
Ghana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Accra</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">24339838</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">239460.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gi"></i>
Gibraltar
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Gibraltar</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">27884</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">6.5</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gl"></i>
Greenland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nuuk</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">56375</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2166086.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gm"></i>
Gambia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bathurst</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1593256</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">11300.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gn"></i>
Guinea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Conakry</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10324025</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">245857.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gp"></i>
Guadeloupe
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Basse-Terre</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">443000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1780.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gq"></i>
Equatorial Guinea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Malabo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1014999</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">28051.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gr"></i>
Greece
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Athens</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11000000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">131940.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gs"></i>
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Grytviken</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">30</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">3903.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gt"></i>
Guatemala
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Guatemala City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13550440</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">108890.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gu"></i>
Guam
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hagåtña</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">159358</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">549.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gw"></i>
Guinea-Bissau
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bissau</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1565126</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">36120.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gy"></i>
Guyana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Georgetown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">748486</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">214970.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hk"></i>
Hong Kong
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hong Kong</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6898686</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1092.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hm"></i>
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">412.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hn"></i>
Honduras
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tegucigalpa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7989415</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">112090.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hr"></i>
Croatia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Zagreb</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4491000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">56542.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ht"></i>
Haiti
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port-au-Prince</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9648924</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">27750.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hu"></i>
Hungary
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Budapest</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9982000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">93030.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-id"></i>
Indonesia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Jakarta</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">242968342</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1919440.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ie"></i>
Ireland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dublin</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4622917</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">70280.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-il"></i>
Israel
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7353985</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">20770.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-im"></i>
Isle of Man
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Douglas</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">75049</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">572.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-in"></i>
India
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">New Delhi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1173108018</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">3287590.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-io"></i>
British Indian Ocean Territory
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">60.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-iq"></i>
Iraq
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Baghdad</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">29671605</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">437072.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ir"></i>
Iran
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tehran</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">76923300</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1648000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-is"></i>
Iceland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Reykjavik</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">308910</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">103000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-it"></i>
Italy
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Rome</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">60340328</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">301230.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-je"></i>
Jersey
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saint Helier</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">90812</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">116.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jm"></i>
Jamaica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kingston</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2847232</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10991.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jo"></i>
Jordan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Amman</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6407085</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">92300.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jp"></i>
Japan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tokyo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">127288000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">377835.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ke"></i>
Kenya
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nairobi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">40046566</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">582650.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kg"></i>
Kyrgyzstan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bishkek</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5776500</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">198500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kh"></i>
Cambodia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Phnom Penh</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">14453680</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">181040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ki"></i>
Kiribati
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tarawa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">92533</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">811.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-km"></i>
Comoros
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Moroni</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">773407</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2170.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kn"></i>
Saint Kitts and Nevis
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Basseterre</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">51134</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">261.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kp"></i>
North Korea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pyongyang</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22912177</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">120540.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kr"></i>
South Korea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Seoul</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">48422644</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">98480.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kw"></i>
Kuwait
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kuwait City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2789132</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">17820.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ky"></i>
Cayman Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">George Town</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">44270</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">262.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kz"></i>
Kazakhstan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Astana</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">15340000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2717300.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-la"></i>
Laos
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vientiane</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6368162</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">236800.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lb"></i>
Lebanon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Beirut</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4125247</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10400.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lc"></i>
Saint Lucia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Castries</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">160922</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">616.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-li"></i>
Liechtenstein
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vaduz</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">35000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">160.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lk"></i>
Sri Lanka
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Colombo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21513990</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">65610.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lr"></i>
Liberia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Monrovia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3685076</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">111370.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ls"></i>
Lesotho
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Maseru</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1919552</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">30355.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lt"></i>
Lithuania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vilnius</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2944459</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">65200.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lu"></i>
Luxembourg
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Luxembourg</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">497538</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2586.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lv"></i>
Latvia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Riga</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2217969</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">64589.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ly"></i>
Libya
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tripoli</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6461454</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1759540.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ma"></i>
Morocco
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Rabat</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">31627428</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">446550.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mc"></i>
Monaco
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Monaco</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">32965</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1.95</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-md"></i>
Moldova
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Chişinău</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4324000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">33843.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-me"></i>
Montenegro
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Podgorica</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">666730</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">14026.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mf"></i>
Saint Martin
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Marigot</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">35925</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">53.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mg"></i>
Madagascar
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Antananarivo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21281844</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">587040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mh"></i>
Marshall Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Majuro</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">65859</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">181.3</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mk"></i>
Macedonia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Skopje</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2062294</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">25333.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ml"></i>
Mali
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bamako</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13796354</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1240000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mm"></i>
Myanmar [Burma]
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Naypyitaw</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">53414374</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">678500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mn"></i>
Mongolia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ulan Bator</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3086918</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1565000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mo"></i>
Macao
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Macao</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">449198</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">254.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mp"></i>
Northern Mariana Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saipan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">53883</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">477.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mq"></i>
Martinique
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Fort-de-France</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">432900</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1100.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mr"></i>
Mauritania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nouakchott</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3205060</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1030700.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ms"></i>
Montserrat
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Plymouth</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9341</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">102.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mt"></i>
Malta
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Valletta</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">403000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">316.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mu"></i>
Mauritius
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port Louis</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1294104</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mv"></i>
Maldives
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Malé</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">395650</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">300.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mw"></i>
Malawi
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lilongwe</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">15447500</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">118480.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mx"></i>
Mexico
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mexico City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">112468855</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1972550.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-my"></i>
Malaysia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kuala Lumpur</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">28274729</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">329750.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mz"></i>
Mozambique
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Maputo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22061451</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">801590.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-na"></i>
Namibia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Windhoek</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2128471</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">825418.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nc"></i>
New Caledonia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Noumea</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">216494</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">19060.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ne"></i>
Niger
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Niamey</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">15878271</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1267000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nf"></i>
Norfolk Island
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kingston</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1828</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">34.6</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ng"></i>
Nigeria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Abuja</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">154000000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">923768.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ni"></i>
Nicaragua
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Managua</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5995928</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">129494.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nl"></i>
Netherlands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Amsterdam</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16645000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">41526.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-false"></i>
Norway
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Oslo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5009150</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">324220.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-np"></i>
Nepal
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kathmandu</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">28951852</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">140800.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nr"></i>
Nauru
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yaren</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10065</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nu"></i>
Niue
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Alofi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2166</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">260.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nz"></i>
New Zealand
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Wellington</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4252277</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">268680.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-om"></i>
Oman
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Muscat</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2967717</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">212460.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pa"></i>
Panama
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Panama City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3410676</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">78200.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pe"></i>
Peru
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lima</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">29907003</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1285220.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pf"></i>
French Polynesia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Papeete</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">270485</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">4167.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pg"></i>
Papua New Guinea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port Moresby</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6064515</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">462840.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ph"></i>
Philippines
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Manila</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">99900177</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">300000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pk"></i>
Pakistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Islamabad</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">184404791</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">803940.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pl"></i>
Poland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Warsaw</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">38500000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">312685.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pm"></i>
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saint-Pierre</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7012</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">242.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pn"></i>
Pitcairn Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Adamstown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">46</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">47.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pr"></i>
Puerto Rico
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San Juan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3916632</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9104.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ps"></i>
Palestine
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3800000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">5970.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pt"></i>
Portugal
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lisbon</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10676000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">92391.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pw"></i>
Palau
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Melekeok</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">19907</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">458.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-py"></i>
Paraguay
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Asunción</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6375830</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">406750.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-qa"></i>
Qatar
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Doha</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">840926</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">11437.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-re"></i>
Réunion
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saint-Denis</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">776948</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2517.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ro"></i>
Romania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bucharest</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21959278</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">237500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-rs"></i>
Serbia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Belgrade</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7344847</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">88361.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ru"></i>
Russia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Moscow</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">140702000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1.71E7</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-rw"></i>
Rwanda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kigali</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11055976</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">26338.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sa"></i>
Saudi Arabia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Riyadh</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">25731776</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1960582.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sb"></i>
Solomon Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Honiara</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">559198</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">28450.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sc"></i>
Seychelles
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Victoria</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">88340</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">455.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sd"></i>
Sudan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Khartoum</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">35000000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1861484.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-se"></i>
Sweden
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Stockholm</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9828655</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">449964.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sg"></i>
Singapore
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Singapore</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4701069</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">692.7</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sh"></i>
Saint Helena
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Jamestown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7460</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">410.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-si"></i>
Slovenia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ljubljana</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2007000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">20273.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sj"></i>
Svalbard and Jan Mayen
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Longyearbyen</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2550</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">62049.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sk"></i>
Slovakia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bratislava</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5455000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">48845.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sl"></i>
Sierra Leone
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Freetown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5245695</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">71740.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sm"></i>
San Marino
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San Marino</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">31477</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">61.2</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sn"></i>
Senegal
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dakar</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">12323252</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">196190.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-so"></i>
Somalia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mogadishu</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10112453</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">637657.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sr"></i>
Suriname
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Paramaribo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">492829</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">163270.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ss"></i>
South Sudan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Juba</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8260490</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">644329.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-st"></i>
São Tomé and Príncipe
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">São Tomé</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">175808</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1001.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sv"></i>
El Salvador
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San Salvador</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6052064</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sx"></i>
Sint Maarten
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Philipsburg</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">37429</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sy"></i>
Syria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Damascus</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22198110</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">185180.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sz"></i>
Swaziland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mbabane</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1354051</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">17363.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tc"></i>
Turks and Caicos Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Cockburn Town</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">20556</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">430.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-td"></i>
Chad
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">N'Djamena</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10543464</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1284000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tf"></i>
French Southern Territories
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port-aux-Français</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">140</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">7829.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tg"></i>
Togo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lomé</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6587239</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">56785.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-th"></i>
Thailand
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bangkok</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">67089500</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">514000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tj"></i>
Tajikistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dushanbe</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7487489</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">143100.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tk"></i>
Tokelau
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1466</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tl"></i>
East Timor
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dili</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1154625</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">15007.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tm"></i>
Turkmenistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ashgabat</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4940916</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">488100.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tn"></i>
Tunisia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tunis</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10589025</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">163610.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-to"></i>
Tonga
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nuku'alofa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">122580</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">748.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tr"></i>
Turkey
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ankara</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">77804122</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">780580.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tt"></i>
Trinidad and Tobago
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port of Spain</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1228691</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">5128.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tv"></i>
Tuvalu
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Funafuti</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10472</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">26.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tw"></i>
Taiwan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Taipei</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22894384</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">35980.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tz"></i>
Tanzania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dodoma</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">41892895</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">945087.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ua"></i>
Ukraine
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kiev</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">45415596</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">603700.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ug"></i>
Uganda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kampala</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">33398682</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">236040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-um"></i>
U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">0.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-us"></i>
United States
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Washington</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">310232863</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9629091.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-uy"></i>
Uruguay
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Montevideo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3477000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">176220.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-uz"></i>
Uzbekistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tashkent</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">27865738</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">447400.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-va"></i>
Vatican City
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vatican City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">921</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">0.44</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vc"></i>
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kingstown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">104217</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">389.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ve"></i>
Venezuela
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Caracas</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">27223228</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">912050.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vg"></i>
British Virgin Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Road Town</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21730</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">153.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vi"></i>
U.S. Virgin Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Charlotte Amalie</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">108708</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">352.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vn"></i>
Vietnam
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hanoi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">89571130</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">329560.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vu"></i>
Vanuatu
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port Vila</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">221552</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">12200.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-wf"></i>
Wallis and Futuna
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mata-Utu</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16025</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">274.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ws"></i>
Samoa
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Apia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">192001</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2944.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-xk"></i>
Kosovo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pristina</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1800000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10908.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ye"></i>
Yemen
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sanaa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">23495361</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">527970.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-yt"></i>
Mayotte
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mamoudzou</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">159042</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">374.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-za"></i>
South Africa
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pretoria</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">49000000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1219912.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-zm"></i>
Zambia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lusaka</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13460305</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">752614.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-zw"></i>
Zimbabwe
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Harare</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11651858</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">390580.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div><!--.row-->
</div><!--.container-->
</section>
</div><!--#page-->
<section id="footer">
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<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12 text-center text-muted">
Lessons and Videos © Hartley Brody 2018
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[<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<h1>
Countries of the World: A Simple Example
<small>250 items</small>
</h1>
<hr/>
</div>
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<p class="lead">
A single page that lists information about all the countries in the world. Good for those just get started with web scraping.
Practice looking for patterns in the HTML that will allow you to extract information about each country. Then, build a simple web scraper that makes a request to this page, parses the HTML and prints out each country's name.
</p>
<hr/>
</div>
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<p>
<i class="glyphicon glyphicon-education"></i> There are <a href="/lessons/">4 video lessons</a> that show you how to scrape this page.
</p>
<hr/>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 text-right">
<p>
Data via
<a class="data-attribution" href="https://peric.github.io/GetCountries/" target="_blank">http://peric.github.io/GetCountries/</a>
</p>
<hr/>
</div>
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ad"></i>
Andorra
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Andorra la Vella</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">84000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">468.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ae"></i>
United Arab Emirates
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Abu Dhabi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4975593</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">82880.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-af"></i>
Afghanistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kabul</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">29121286</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">647500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ag"></i>
Antigua and Barbuda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">St. John's</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">86754</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">443.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ai"></i>
Anguilla
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">The Valley</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13254</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">102.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-al"></i>
Albania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tirana</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2986952</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">28748.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-am"></i>
Armenia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yerevan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2968000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">29800.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ao"></i>
Angola
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Luanda</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13068161</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1246700.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-aq"></i>
Antarctica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1.4E7</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ar"></i>
Argentina
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Buenos Aires</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">41343201</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2766890.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-as"></i>
American Samoa
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pago Pago</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">57881</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">199.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-at"></i>
Austria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vienna</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8205000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">83858.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-au"></i>
Australia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Canberra</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21515754</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">7686850.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-aw"></i>
Aruba
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Oranjestad</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">71566</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">193.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ax"></i>
Åland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mariehamn</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">26711</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1580.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-az"></i>
Azerbaijan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Baku</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8303512</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">86600.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ba"></i>
Bosnia and Herzegovina
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sarajevo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4590000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">51129.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bb"></i>
Barbados
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bridgetown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">285653</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">431.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bd"></i>
Bangladesh
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dhaka</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">156118464</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">144000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-be"></i>
Belgium
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Brussels</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10403000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">30510.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bf"></i>
Burkina Faso
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ouagadougou</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16241811</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">274200.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bg"></i>
Bulgaria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sofia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7148785</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">110910.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bh"></i>
Bahrain
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Manama</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">738004</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">665.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bi"></i>
Burundi
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bujumbura</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9863117</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">27830.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bj"></i>
Benin
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Porto-Novo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9056010</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">112620.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bl"></i>
Saint Barthélemy
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Gustavia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8450</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bm"></i>
Bermuda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hamilton</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">65365</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">53.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bn"></i>
Brunei
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bandar Seri Begawan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">395027</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">5770.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bo"></i>
Bolivia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sucre</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9947418</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1098580.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bq"></i>
Bonaire
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kralendijk</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">18012</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">328.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-br"></i>
Brazil
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Brasília</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">201103330</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">8511965.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bs"></i>
Bahamas
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nassau</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">301790</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">13940.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bt"></i>
Bhutan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Thimphu</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">699847</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">47000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bv"></i>
Bouvet Island
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">49.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bw"></i>
Botswana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Gaborone</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2029307</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">600370.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-by"></i>
Belarus
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Minsk</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9685000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">207600.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bz"></i>
Belize
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Belmopan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">314522</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">22966.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ca"></i>
Canada
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ottawa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">33679000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9984670.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cc"></i>
Cocos [Keeling] Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">West Island</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">628</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">14.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cd"></i>
Democratic Republic of the Congo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kinshasa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">70916439</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2345410.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cf"></i>
Central African Republic
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bangui</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4844927</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">622984.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cg"></i>
Republic of the Congo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Brazzaville</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3039126</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">342000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ch"></i>
Switzerland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bern</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7581000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">41290.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ci"></i>
Ivory Coast
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yamoussoukro</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21058798</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">322460.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ck"></i>
Cook Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Avarua</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21388</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">240.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cl"></i>
Chile
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Santiago</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16746491</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">756950.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cm"></i>
Cameroon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yaoundé</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">19294149</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">475440.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cn"></i>
China
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Beijing</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1330044000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9596960.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-co"></i>
Colombia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bogotá</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">47790000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1138910.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cr"></i>
Costa Rica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San José</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4516220</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">51100.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cu"></i>
Cuba
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Havana</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11423000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">110860.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cv"></i>
Cape Verde
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Praia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">508659</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">4033.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cw"></i>
Curacao
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Willemstad</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">141766</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">444.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cx"></i>
Christmas Island
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Flying Fish Cove</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1500</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">135.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cy"></i>
Cyprus
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nicosia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1102677</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9250.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cz"></i>
Czech Republic
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Prague</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10476000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">78866.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-de"></i>
Germany
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Berlin</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">81802257</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">357021.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dj"></i>
Djibouti
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Djibouti</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">740528</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">23000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dk"></i>
Denmark
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Copenhagen</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5484000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">43094.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dm"></i>
Dominica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Roseau</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">72813</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">754.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-do"></i>
Dominican Republic
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Santo Domingo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9823821</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">48730.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dz"></i>
Algeria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Algiers</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">34586184</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2381740.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ec"></i>
Ecuador
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Quito</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">14790608</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">283560.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ee"></i>
Estonia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tallinn</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1291170</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">45226.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-eg"></i>
Egypt
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Cairo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">80471869</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1001450.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-eh"></i>
Western Sahara
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Laâyoune / El Aaiún</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">273008</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">266000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-er"></i>
Eritrea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Asmara</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5792984</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">121320.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-es"></i>
Spain
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Madrid</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">46505963</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">504782.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-et"></i>
Ethiopia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Addis Ababa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">88013491</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1127127.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fi"></i>
Finland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Helsinki</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5244000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">337030.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fj"></i>
Fiji
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Suva</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">875983</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">18270.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fk"></i>
Falkland Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Stanley</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2638</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">12173.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fm"></i>
Micronesia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Palikir</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">107708</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">702.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fo"></i>
Faroe Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tórshavn</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">48228</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1399.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fr"></i>
France
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Paris</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">64768389</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">547030.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ga"></i>
Gabon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Libreville</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1545255</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">267667.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gb"></i>
United Kingdom
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">London</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">62348447</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">244820.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gd"></i>
Grenada
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">St. George's</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">107818</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">344.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ge"></i>
Georgia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tbilisi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4630000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">69700.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gf"></i>
French Guiana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Cayenne</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">195506</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">91000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gg"></i>
Guernsey
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">St Peter Port</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">65228</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">78.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gh"></i>
Ghana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Accra</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">24339838</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">239460.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gi"></i>
Gibraltar
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Gibraltar</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">27884</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">6.5</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gl"></i>
Greenland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nuuk</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">56375</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2166086.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gm"></i>
Gambia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bathurst</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1593256</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">11300.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gn"></i>
Guinea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Conakry</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10324025</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">245857.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gp"></i>
Guadeloupe
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Basse-Terre</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">443000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1780.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gq"></i>
Equatorial Guinea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Malabo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1014999</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">28051.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gr"></i>
Greece
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Athens</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11000000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">131940.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gs"></i>
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Grytviken</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">30</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">3903.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gt"></i>
Guatemala
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Guatemala City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13550440</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">108890.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gu"></i>
Guam
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hagåtña</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">159358</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">549.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gw"></i>
Guinea-Bissau
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bissau</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1565126</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">36120.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gy"></i>
Guyana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Georgetown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">748486</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">214970.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hk"></i>
Hong Kong
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hong Kong</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6898686</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1092.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hm"></i>
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">412.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hn"></i>
Honduras
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tegucigalpa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7989415</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">112090.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hr"></i>
Croatia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Zagreb</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4491000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">56542.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ht"></i>
Haiti
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port-au-Prince</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9648924</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">27750.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hu"></i>
Hungary
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Budapest</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9982000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">93030.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-id"></i>
Indonesia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Jakarta</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">242968342</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1919440.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ie"></i>
Ireland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dublin</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4622917</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">70280.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-il"></i>
Israel
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7353985</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">20770.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-im"></i>
Isle of Man
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Douglas</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">75049</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">572.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-in"></i>
India
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">New Delhi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1173108018</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">3287590.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-io"></i>
British Indian Ocean Territory
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">60.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-iq"></i>
Iraq
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Baghdad</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">29671605</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">437072.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ir"></i>
Iran
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tehran</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">76923300</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1648000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-is"></i>
Iceland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Reykjavik</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">308910</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">103000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-it"></i>
Italy
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Rome</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">60340328</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">301230.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-je"></i>
Jersey
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saint Helier</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">90812</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">116.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jm"></i>
Jamaica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kingston</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2847232</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10991.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jo"></i>
Jordan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Amman</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6407085</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">92300.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jp"></i>
Japan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tokyo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">127288000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">377835.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ke"></i>
Kenya
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nairobi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">40046566</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">582650.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kg"></i>
Kyrgyzstan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bishkek</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5776500</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">198500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kh"></i>
Cambodia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Phnom Penh</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">14453680</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">181040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ki"></i>
Kiribati
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tarawa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">92533</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">811.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-km"></i>
Comoros
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Moroni</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">773407</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2170.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kn"></i>
Saint Kitts and Nevis
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Basseterre</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">51134</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">261.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kp"></i>
North Korea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pyongyang</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22912177</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">120540.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kr"></i>
South Korea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Seoul</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">48422644</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">98480.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kw"></i>
Kuwait
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kuwait City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2789132</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">17820.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ky"></i>
Cayman Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">George Town</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">44270</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">262.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kz"></i>
Kazakhstan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Astana</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">15340000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2717300.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-la"></i>
Laos
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vientiane</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6368162</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">236800.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lb"></i>
Lebanon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Beirut</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4125247</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10400.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lc"></i>
Saint Lucia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Castries</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">160922</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">616.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-li"></i>
Liechtenstein
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vaduz</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">35000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">160.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lk"></i>
Sri Lanka
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Colombo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21513990</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">65610.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lr"></i>
Liberia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Monrovia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3685076</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">111370.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ls"></i>
Lesotho
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Maseru</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1919552</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">30355.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lt"></i>
Lithuania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vilnius</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2944459</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">65200.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lu"></i>
Luxembourg
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Luxembourg</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">497538</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2586.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lv"></i>
Latvia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Riga</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2217969</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">64589.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ly"></i>
Libya
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tripoli</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6461454</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1759540.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ma"></i>
Morocco
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Rabat</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">31627428</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">446550.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mc"></i>
Monaco
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Monaco</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">32965</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1.95</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-md"></i>
Moldova
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Chişinău</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4324000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">33843.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-me"></i>
Montenegro
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Podgorica</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">666730</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">14026.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mf"></i>
Saint Martin
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Marigot</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">35925</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">53.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mg"></i>
Madagascar
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Antananarivo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21281844</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">587040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mh"></i>
Marshall Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Majuro</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">65859</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">181.3</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mk"></i>
Macedonia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Skopje</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2062294</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">25333.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ml"></i>
Mali
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bamako</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13796354</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1240000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mm"></i>
Myanmar [Burma]
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Naypyitaw</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">53414374</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">678500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mn"></i>
Mongolia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ulan Bator</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3086918</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1565000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mo"></i>
Macao
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Macao</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">449198</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">254.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mp"></i>
Northern Mariana Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saipan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">53883</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">477.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mq"></i>
Martinique
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Fort-de-France</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">432900</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1100.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mr"></i>
Mauritania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nouakchott</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3205060</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1030700.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ms"></i>
Montserrat
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Plymouth</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9341</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">102.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mt"></i>
Malta
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Valletta</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">403000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">316.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mu"></i>
Mauritius
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port Louis</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1294104</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mv"></i>
Maldives
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Malé</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">395650</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">300.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mw"></i>
Malawi
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lilongwe</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">15447500</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">118480.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mx"></i>
Mexico
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mexico City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">112468855</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1972550.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-my"></i>
Malaysia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kuala Lumpur</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">28274729</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">329750.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mz"></i>
Mozambique
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Maputo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22061451</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">801590.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-na"></i>
Namibia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Windhoek</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2128471</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">825418.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nc"></i>
New Caledonia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Noumea</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">216494</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">19060.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ne"></i>
Niger
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Niamey</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">15878271</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1267000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nf"></i>
Norfolk Island
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kingston</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1828</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">34.6</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ng"></i>
Nigeria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Abuja</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">154000000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">923768.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ni"></i>
Nicaragua
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Managua</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5995928</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">129494.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nl"></i>
Netherlands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Amsterdam</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16645000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">41526.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-false"></i>
Norway
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Oslo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5009150</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">324220.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-np"></i>
Nepal
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kathmandu</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">28951852</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">140800.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nr"></i>
Nauru
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yaren</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10065</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nu"></i>
Niue
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Alofi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2166</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">260.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nz"></i>
New Zealand
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Wellington</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4252277</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">268680.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-om"></i>
Oman
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Muscat</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2967717</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">212460.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pa"></i>
Panama
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Panama City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3410676</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">78200.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pe"></i>
Peru
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lima</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">29907003</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1285220.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pf"></i>
French Polynesia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Papeete</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">270485</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">4167.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pg"></i>
Papua New Guinea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port Moresby</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6064515</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">462840.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ph"></i>
Philippines
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Manila</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">99900177</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">300000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pk"></i>
Pakistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Islamabad</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">184404791</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">803940.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pl"></i>
Poland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Warsaw</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">38500000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">312685.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pm"></i>
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saint-Pierre</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7012</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">242.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pn"></i>
Pitcairn Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Adamstown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">46</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">47.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pr"></i>
Puerto Rico
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San Juan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3916632</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9104.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ps"></i>
Palestine
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3800000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">5970.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pt"></i>
Portugal
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lisbon</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10676000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">92391.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pw"></i>
Palau
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Melekeok</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">19907</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">458.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-py"></i>
Paraguay
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Asunción</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6375830</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">406750.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-qa"></i>
Qatar
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Doha</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">840926</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">11437.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-re"></i>
Réunion
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saint-Denis</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">776948</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2517.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ro"></i>
Romania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bucharest</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21959278</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">237500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-rs"></i>
Serbia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Belgrade</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7344847</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">88361.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ru"></i>
Russia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Moscow</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">140702000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1.71E7</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-rw"></i>
Rwanda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kigali</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11055976</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">26338.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sa"></i>
Saudi Arabia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Riyadh</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">25731776</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1960582.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sb"></i>
Solomon Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Honiara</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">559198</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">28450.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sc"></i>
Seychelles
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Victoria</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">88340</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">455.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sd"></i>
Sudan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Khartoum</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">35000000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1861484.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-se"></i>
Sweden
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Stockholm</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9828655</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">449964.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sg"></i>
Singapore
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Singapore</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4701069</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">692.7</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sh"></i>
Saint Helena
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Jamestown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7460</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">410.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-si"></i>
Slovenia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ljubljana</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2007000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">20273.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sj"></i>
Svalbard and Jan Mayen
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Longyearbyen</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2550</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">62049.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sk"></i>
Slovakia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bratislava</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5455000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">48845.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sl"></i>
Sierra Leone
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Freetown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5245695</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">71740.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sm"></i>
San Marino
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San Marino</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">31477</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">61.2</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sn"></i>
Senegal
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dakar</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">12323252</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">196190.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-so"></i>
Somalia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mogadishu</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10112453</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">637657.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sr"></i>
Suriname
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Paramaribo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">492829</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">163270.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ss"></i>
South Sudan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Juba</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8260490</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">644329.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-st"></i>
São Tomé and Príncipe
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">São Tomé</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">175808</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1001.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sv"></i>
El Salvador
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San Salvador</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6052064</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sx"></i>
Sint Maarten
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Philipsburg</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">37429</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sy"></i>
Syria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Damascus</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22198110</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">185180.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sz"></i>
Swaziland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mbabane</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1354051</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">17363.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tc"></i>
Turks and Caicos Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Cockburn Town</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">20556</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">430.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-td"></i>
Chad
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">N'Djamena</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10543464</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1284000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tf"></i>
French Southern Territories
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port-aux-Français</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">140</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">7829.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tg"></i>
Togo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lomé</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6587239</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">56785.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-th"></i>
Thailand
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bangkok</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">67089500</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">514000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tj"></i>
Tajikistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dushanbe</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7487489</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">143100.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tk"></i>
Tokelau
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1466</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tl"></i>
East Timor
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dili</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1154625</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">15007.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tm"></i>
Turkmenistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ashgabat</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4940916</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">488100.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tn"></i>
Tunisia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tunis</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10589025</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">163610.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-to"></i>
Tonga
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nuku'alofa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">122580</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">748.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tr"></i>
Turkey
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ankara</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">77804122</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">780580.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tt"></i>
Trinidad and Tobago
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port of Spain</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1228691</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">5128.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tv"></i>
Tuvalu
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Funafuti</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10472</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">26.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tw"></i>
Taiwan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Taipei</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22894384</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">35980.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tz"></i>
Tanzania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dodoma</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">41892895</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">945087.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ua"></i>
Ukraine
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kiev</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">45415596</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">603700.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ug"></i>
Uganda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kampala</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">33398682</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">236040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-um"></i>
U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">0.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-us"></i>
United States
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Washington</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">310232863</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9629091.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-uy"></i>
Uruguay
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Montevideo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3477000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">176220.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-uz"></i>
Uzbekistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tashkent</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">27865738</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">447400.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-va"></i>
Vatican City
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vatican City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">921</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">0.44</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vc"></i>
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kingstown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">104217</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">389.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ve"></i>
Venezuela
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Caracas</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">27223228</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">912050.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vg"></i>
British Virgin Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Road Town</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21730</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">153.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vi"></i>
U.S. Virgin Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Charlotte Amalie</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">108708</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">352.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vn"></i>
Vietnam
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hanoi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">89571130</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">329560.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vu"></i>
Vanuatu
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port Vila</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">221552</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">12200.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-wf"></i>
Wallis and Futuna
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mata-Utu</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16025</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">274.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ws"></i>
Samoa
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Apia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">192001</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2944.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-xk"></i>
Kosovo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pristina</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1800000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10908.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ye"></i>
Yemen
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sanaa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">23495361</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">527970.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-yt"></i>
Mayotte
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mamoudzou</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">159042</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">374.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-za"></i>
South Africa
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pretoria</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">49000000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1219912.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-zm"></i>
Zambia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lusaka</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13460305</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">752614.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-zw"></i>
Zimbabwe
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Harare</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11651858</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">390580.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>, <div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12 text-center text-muted">
Lessons and Videos © Hartley Brody 2018
</div><!--.col-->
</div>]
all_row_class_data[0]
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<h1>
Countries of the World: A Simple Example
<small>250 items</small>
</h1>
<hr/>
</div>
</div>
all_row_class_data[1]
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<p class="lead">
A single page that lists information about all the countries in the world. Good for those just get started with web scraping.
Practice looking for patterns in the HTML that will allow you to extract information about each country. Then, build a simple web scraper that makes a request to this page, parses the HTML and prints out each country's name.
</p>
<hr/>
</div>
</div>
all_row_class_data[2]
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<p>
<i class="glyphicon glyphicon-education"></i> There are <a href="/lessons/">4 video lessons</a> that show you how to scrape this page.
</p>
<hr/>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 text-right">
<p>
Data via
<a class="data-attribution" href="https://peric.github.io/GetCountries/" target="_blank">http://peric.github.io/GetCountries/</a>
</p>
<hr/>
</div>
</div>
all_row_class_data[3]
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ad"></i>
Andorra
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Andorra la Vella</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">84000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">468.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ae"></i>
United Arab Emirates
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Abu Dhabi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4975593</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">82880.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-af"></i>
Afghanistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kabul</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">29121286</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">647500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div><!--.col-->
</div>
all_row_class_data[0]
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<h1>
Countries of the World: A Simple Example
<small>250 items</small>
</h1>
<hr/>
</div>
</div>
all_row_class_data[0].find('h1')
<h1>
Countries of the World: A Simple Example
<small>250 items</small>
</h1>
all_row_class_data[0].find('h1').get_text()
'\n Countries of the World: A Simple Example\n 250 items\n'
all_row_class_data[2]
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<p>
<i class="glyphicon glyphicon-education"></i> There are <a href="/lessons/">4 video lessons</a> that show you how to scrape this page.
</p>
<hr/>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 text-right">
<p>
Data via
<a class="data-attribution" href="https://peric.github.io/GetCountries/" target="_blank">http://peric.github.io/GetCountries/</a>
</p>
<hr/>
</div>
</div>
a_data = all_row_class_data[2].find('div',class_='col-md-6 text-right')
a_data
<div class="col-md-6 text-right">
<p>
Data via
<a class="data-attribution" href="https://peric.github.io/GetCountries/" target="_blank">http://peric.github.io/GetCountries/</a>
</p>
<hr/>
</div>
a_data.find('a',class_='data-attribution')
<a class="data-attribution" href="https://peric.github.io/GetCountries/" target="_blank">http://peric.github.io/GetCountries/</a>
a_data.find('a',class_='data-attribution').get_text()
'http://peric.github.io/GetCountries/'
Andorra_data = soup.find('div',class_='col-md-4 country')
Andorra_data
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ad"></i>
Andorra
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Andorra la Vella</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">84000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">468.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
country_info = Andorra_data.find('div',class_='country-info')
country_info
<div class="country-info"> <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Andorra la Vella</span><br/> <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">84000</span><br/> <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">468.0</span><br/> </div>
info = country_info.find_all('strong')
info_span = country_info.find_all('span')
info_span
[<span class="country-capital">Andorra la Vella</span>, <span class="country-population">84000</span>, <span class="country-area">468.0</span>]
for val in info_span:
print(val.get_text())
Andorra la Vella 84000 468.0
info
[<strong>Capital:</strong>, <strong>Population:</strong>, <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong>]
all_data = country_info.find_all(['strong','span'])
for items in all_data:
print(items.get_text())
Capital: Andorra la Vella Population: 84000 Area (km2): 468.0
all_country = soup.find_all('div',class_='col-md-4 country')
for item in range(0,len(all_country)):
print(item,all_country[item])
0 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ad"></i>
Andorra
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Andorra la Vella</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">84000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">468.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
1 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ae"></i>
United Arab Emirates
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Abu Dhabi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4975593</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">82880.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
2 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-af"></i>
Afghanistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kabul</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">29121286</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">647500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
3 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ag"></i>
Antigua and Barbuda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">St. John's</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">86754</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">443.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
4 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ai"></i>
Anguilla
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">The Valley</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13254</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">102.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
5 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-al"></i>
Albania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tirana</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2986952</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">28748.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
6 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-am"></i>
Armenia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yerevan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2968000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">29800.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
7 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ao"></i>
Angola
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Luanda</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13068161</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1246700.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
8 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-aq"></i>
Antarctica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1.4E7</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
9 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ar"></i>
Argentina
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Buenos Aires</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">41343201</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2766890.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
10 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-as"></i>
American Samoa
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pago Pago</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">57881</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">199.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
11 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-at"></i>
Austria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vienna</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8205000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">83858.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
12 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-au"></i>
Australia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Canberra</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21515754</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">7686850.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
13 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-aw"></i>
Aruba
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Oranjestad</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">71566</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">193.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
14 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ax"></i>
Åland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mariehamn</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">26711</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1580.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
15 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-az"></i>
Azerbaijan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Baku</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8303512</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">86600.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
16 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ba"></i>
Bosnia and Herzegovina
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sarajevo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4590000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">51129.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
17 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bb"></i>
Barbados
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bridgetown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">285653</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">431.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
18 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bd"></i>
Bangladesh
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dhaka</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">156118464</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">144000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
19 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-be"></i>
Belgium
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Brussels</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10403000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">30510.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
20 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bf"></i>
Burkina Faso
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ouagadougou</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16241811</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">274200.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
21 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bg"></i>
Bulgaria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sofia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7148785</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">110910.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
22 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bh"></i>
Bahrain
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Manama</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">738004</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">665.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
23 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bi"></i>
Burundi
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bujumbura</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9863117</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">27830.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
24 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bj"></i>
Benin
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Porto-Novo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9056010</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">112620.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
25 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bl"></i>
Saint Barthélemy
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Gustavia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8450</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
26 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bm"></i>
Bermuda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hamilton</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">65365</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">53.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
27 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bn"></i>
Brunei
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bandar Seri Begawan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">395027</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">5770.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
28 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bo"></i>
Bolivia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sucre</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9947418</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1098580.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
29 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bq"></i>
Bonaire
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kralendijk</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">18012</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">328.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
30 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-br"></i>
Brazil
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Brasília</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">201103330</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">8511965.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
31 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bs"></i>
Bahamas
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nassau</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">301790</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">13940.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
32 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bt"></i>
Bhutan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Thimphu</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">699847</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">47000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
33 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bv"></i>
Bouvet Island
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">49.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
34 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bw"></i>
Botswana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Gaborone</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2029307</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">600370.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
35 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-by"></i>
Belarus
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Minsk</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9685000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">207600.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
36 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-bz"></i>
Belize
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Belmopan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">314522</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">22966.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
37 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ca"></i>
Canada
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ottawa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">33679000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9984670.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
38 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cc"></i>
Cocos [Keeling] Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">West Island</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">628</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">14.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
39 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cd"></i>
Democratic Republic of the Congo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kinshasa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">70916439</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2345410.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
40 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cf"></i>
Central African Republic
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bangui</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4844927</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">622984.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
41 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cg"></i>
Republic of the Congo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Brazzaville</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3039126</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">342000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
42 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ch"></i>
Switzerland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bern</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7581000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">41290.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
43 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ci"></i>
Ivory Coast
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yamoussoukro</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21058798</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">322460.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
44 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ck"></i>
Cook Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Avarua</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21388</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">240.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
45 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cl"></i>
Chile
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Santiago</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16746491</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">756950.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
46 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cm"></i>
Cameroon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yaoundé</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">19294149</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">475440.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
47 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cn"></i>
China
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Beijing</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1330044000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9596960.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
48 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-co"></i>
Colombia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bogotá</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">47790000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1138910.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
49 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cr"></i>
Costa Rica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San José</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4516220</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">51100.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
50 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cu"></i>
Cuba
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Havana</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11423000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">110860.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
51 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cv"></i>
Cape Verde
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Praia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">508659</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">4033.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
52 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cw"></i>
Curacao
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Willemstad</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">141766</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">444.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
53 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cx"></i>
Christmas Island
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Flying Fish Cove</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1500</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">135.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
54 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cy"></i>
Cyprus
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nicosia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1102677</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9250.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
55 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-cz"></i>
Czech Republic
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Prague</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10476000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">78866.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
56 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-de"></i>
Germany
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Berlin</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">81802257</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">357021.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
57 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dj"></i>
Djibouti
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Djibouti</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">740528</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">23000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
58 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dk"></i>
Denmark
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Copenhagen</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5484000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">43094.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
59 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dm"></i>
Dominica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Roseau</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">72813</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">754.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
60 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-do"></i>
Dominican Republic
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Santo Domingo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9823821</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">48730.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
61 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-dz"></i>
Algeria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Algiers</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">34586184</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2381740.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
62 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ec"></i>
Ecuador
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Quito</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">14790608</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">283560.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
63 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ee"></i>
Estonia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tallinn</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1291170</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">45226.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
64 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-eg"></i>
Egypt
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Cairo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">80471869</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1001450.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
65 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-eh"></i>
Western Sahara
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Laâyoune / El Aaiún</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">273008</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">266000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
66 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-er"></i>
Eritrea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Asmara</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5792984</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">121320.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
67 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-es"></i>
Spain
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Madrid</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">46505963</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">504782.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
68 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-et"></i>
Ethiopia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Addis Ababa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">88013491</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1127127.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
69 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fi"></i>
Finland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Helsinki</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5244000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">337030.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
70 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fj"></i>
Fiji
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Suva</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">875983</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">18270.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
71 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fk"></i>
Falkland Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Stanley</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2638</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">12173.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
72 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fm"></i>
Micronesia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Palikir</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">107708</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">702.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
73 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fo"></i>
Faroe Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tórshavn</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">48228</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1399.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
74 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-fr"></i>
France
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Paris</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">64768389</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">547030.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
75 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ga"></i>
Gabon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Libreville</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1545255</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">267667.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
76 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gb"></i>
United Kingdom
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">London</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">62348447</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">244820.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
77 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gd"></i>
Grenada
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">St. George's</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">107818</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">344.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
78 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ge"></i>
Georgia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tbilisi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4630000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">69700.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
79 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gf"></i>
French Guiana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Cayenne</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">195506</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">91000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
80 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gg"></i>
Guernsey
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">St Peter Port</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">65228</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">78.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
81 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gh"></i>
Ghana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Accra</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">24339838</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">239460.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
82 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gi"></i>
Gibraltar
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Gibraltar</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">27884</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">6.5</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
83 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gl"></i>
Greenland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nuuk</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">56375</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2166086.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
84 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gm"></i>
Gambia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bathurst</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1593256</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">11300.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
85 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gn"></i>
Guinea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Conakry</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10324025</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">245857.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
86 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gp"></i>
Guadeloupe
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Basse-Terre</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">443000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1780.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
87 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gq"></i>
Equatorial Guinea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Malabo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1014999</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">28051.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
88 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gr"></i>
Greece
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Athens</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11000000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">131940.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
89 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gs"></i>
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Grytviken</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">30</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">3903.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
90 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gt"></i>
Guatemala
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Guatemala City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13550440</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">108890.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
91 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gu"></i>
Guam
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hagåtña</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">159358</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">549.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
92 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gw"></i>
Guinea-Bissau
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bissau</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1565126</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">36120.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
93 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-gy"></i>
Guyana
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Georgetown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">748486</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">214970.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
94 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hk"></i>
Hong Kong
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hong Kong</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6898686</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1092.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
95 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hm"></i>
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">412.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
96 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hn"></i>
Honduras
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tegucigalpa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7989415</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">112090.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
97 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hr"></i>
Croatia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Zagreb</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4491000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">56542.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
98 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ht"></i>
Haiti
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port-au-Prince</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9648924</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">27750.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
99 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-hu"></i>
Hungary
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Budapest</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9982000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">93030.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
100 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-id"></i>
Indonesia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Jakarta</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">242968342</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1919440.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
101 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ie"></i>
Ireland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dublin</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4622917</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">70280.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
102 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-il"></i>
Israel
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7353985</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">20770.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
103 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-im"></i>
Isle of Man
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Douglas</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">75049</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">572.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
104 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-in"></i>
India
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">New Delhi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1173108018</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">3287590.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
105 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-io"></i>
British Indian Ocean Territory
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">60.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
106 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-iq"></i>
Iraq
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Baghdad</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">29671605</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">437072.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
107 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ir"></i>
Iran
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tehran</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">76923300</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1648000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
108 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-is"></i>
Iceland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Reykjavik</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">308910</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">103000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
109 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-it"></i>
Italy
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Rome</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">60340328</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">301230.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
110 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-je"></i>
Jersey
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saint Helier</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">90812</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">116.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
111 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jm"></i>
Jamaica
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kingston</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2847232</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10991.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
112 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jo"></i>
Jordan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Amman</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6407085</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">92300.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
113 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-jp"></i>
Japan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tokyo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">127288000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">377835.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
114 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ke"></i>
Kenya
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nairobi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">40046566</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">582650.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
115 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kg"></i>
Kyrgyzstan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bishkek</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5776500</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">198500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
116 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kh"></i>
Cambodia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Phnom Penh</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">14453680</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">181040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
117 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ki"></i>
Kiribati
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tarawa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">92533</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">811.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
118 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-km"></i>
Comoros
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Moroni</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">773407</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2170.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
119 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kn"></i>
Saint Kitts and Nevis
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Basseterre</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">51134</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">261.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
120 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kp"></i>
North Korea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pyongyang</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22912177</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">120540.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
121 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kr"></i>
South Korea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Seoul</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">48422644</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">98480.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
122 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kw"></i>
Kuwait
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kuwait City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2789132</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">17820.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
123 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ky"></i>
Cayman Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">George Town</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">44270</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">262.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
124 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-kz"></i>
Kazakhstan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Astana</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">15340000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2717300.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
125 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-la"></i>
Laos
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vientiane</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6368162</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">236800.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
126 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lb"></i>
Lebanon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Beirut</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4125247</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10400.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
127 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lc"></i>
Saint Lucia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Castries</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">160922</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">616.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
128 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-li"></i>
Liechtenstein
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vaduz</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">35000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">160.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
129 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lk"></i>
Sri Lanka
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Colombo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21513990</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">65610.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
130 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lr"></i>
Liberia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Monrovia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3685076</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">111370.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
131 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ls"></i>
Lesotho
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Maseru</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1919552</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">30355.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
132 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lt"></i>
Lithuania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vilnius</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2944459</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">65200.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
133 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lu"></i>
Luxembourg
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Luxembourg</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">497538</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2586.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
134 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-lv"></i>
Latvia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Riga</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2217969</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">64589.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
135 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ly"></i>
Libya
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tripoli</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6461454</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1759540.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
136 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ma"></i>
Morocco
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Rabat</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">31627428</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">446550.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
137 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mc"></i>
Monaco
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Monaco</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">32965</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1.95</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
138 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-md"></i>
Moldova
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Chişinău</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4324000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">33843.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
139 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-me"></i>
Montenegro
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Podgorica</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">666730</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">14026.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
140 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mf"></i>
Saint Martin
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Marigot</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">35925</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">53.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
141 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mg"></i>
Madagascar
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Antananarivo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21281844</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">587040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
142 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mh"></i>
Marshall Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Majuro</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">65859</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">181.3</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
143 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mk"></i>
Macedonia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Skopje</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2062294</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">25333.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
144 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ml"></i>
Mali
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bamako</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13796354</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1240000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
145 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mm"></i>
Myanmar [Burma]
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Naypyitaw</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">53414374</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">678500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
146 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mn"></i>
Mongolia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ulan Bator</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3086918</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1565000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
147 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mo"></i>
Macao
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Macao</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">449198</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">254.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
148 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mp"></i>
Northern Mariana Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saipan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">53883</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">477.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
149 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mq"></i>
Martinique
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Fort-de-France</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">432900</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1100.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
150 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mr"></i>
Mauritania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nouakchott</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3205060</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1030700.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
151 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ms"></i>
Montserrat
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Plymouth</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9341</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">102.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
152 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mt"></i>
Malta
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Valletta</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">403000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">316.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
153 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mu"></i>
Mauritius
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port Louis</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1294104</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
154 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mv"></i>
Maldives
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Malé</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">395650</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">300.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
155 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mw"></i>
Malawi
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lilongwe</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">15447500</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">118480.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
156 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mx"></i>
Mexico
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mexico City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">112468855</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1972550.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
157 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-my"></i>
Malaysia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kuala Lumpur</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">28274729</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">329750.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
158 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-mz"></i>
Mozambique
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Maputo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22061451</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">801590.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
159 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-na"></i>
Namibia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Windhoek</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2128471</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">825418.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
160 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nc"></i>
New Caledonia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Noumea</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">216494</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">19060.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
161 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ne"></i>
Niger
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Niamey</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">15878271</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1267000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
162 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nf"></i>
Norfolk Island
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kingston</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1828</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">34.6</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
163 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ng"></i>
Nigeria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Abuja</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">154000000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">923768.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
164 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ni"></i>
Nicaragua
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Managua</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5995928</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">129494.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
165 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nl"></i>
Netherlands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Amsterdam</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16645000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">41526.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
166 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-false"></i>
Norway
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Oslo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5009150</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">324220.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
167 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-np"></i>
Nepal
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kathmandu</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">28951852</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">140800.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
168 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nr"></i>
Nauru
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Yaren</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10065</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
169 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nu"></i>
Niue
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Alofi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2166</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">260.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
170 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-nz"></i>
New Zealand
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Wellington</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4252277</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">268680.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
171 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-om"></i>
Oman
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Muscat</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2967717</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">212460.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
172 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pa"></i>
Panama
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Panama City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3410676</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">78200.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
173 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pe"></i>
Peru
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lima</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">29907003</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1285220.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
174 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pf"></i>
French Polynesia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Papeete</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">270485</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">4167.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
175 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pg"></i>
Papua New Guinea
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port Moresby</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6064515</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">462840.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
176 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ph"></i>
Philippines
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Manila</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">99900177</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">300000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
177 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pk"></i>
Pakistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Islamabad</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">184404791</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">803940.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
178 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pl"></i>
Poland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Warsaw</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">38500000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">312685.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
179 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pm"></i>
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saint-Pierre</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7012</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">242.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
180 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pn"></i>
Pitcairn Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Adamstown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">46</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">47.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
181 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pr"></i>
Puerto Rico
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San Juan</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3916632</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9104.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
182 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ps"></i>
Palestine
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3800000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">5970.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
183 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pt"></i>
Portugal
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lisbon</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10676000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">92391.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
184 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-pw"></i>
Palau
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Melekeok</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">19907</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">458.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
185 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-py"></i>
Paraguay
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Asunción</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6375830</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">406750.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
186 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-qa"></i>
Qatar
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Doha</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">840926</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">11437.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
187 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-re"></i>
Réunion
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Saint-Denis</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">776948</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2517.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
188 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ro"></i>
Romania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bucharest</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21959278</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">237500.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
189 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-rs"></i>
Serbia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Belgrade</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7344847</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">88361.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
190 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ru"></i>
Russia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Moscow</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">140702000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1.71E7</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
191 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-rw"></i>
Rwanda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kigali</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11055976</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">26338.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
192 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sa"></i>
Saudi Arabia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Riyadh</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">25731776</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1960582.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
193 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sb"></i>
Solomon Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Honiara</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">559198</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">28450.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
194 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sc"></i>
Seychelles
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Victoria</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">88340</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">455.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
195 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sd"></i>
Sudan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Khartoum</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">35000000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1861484.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
196 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-se"></i>
Sweden
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Stockholm</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">9828655</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">449964.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
197 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sg"></i>
Singapore
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Singapore</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4701069</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">692.7</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
198 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sh"></i>
Saint Helena
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Jamestown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7460</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">410.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
199 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-si"></i>
Slovenia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ljubljana</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2007000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">20273.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
200 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sj"></i>
Svalbard and Jan Mayen
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Longyearbyen</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">2550</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">62049.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
201 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sk"></i>
Slovakia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bratislava</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5455000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">48845.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
202 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sl"></i>
Sierra Leone
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Freetown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">5245695</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">71740.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
203 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sm"></i>
San Marino
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San Marino</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">31477</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">61.2</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
204 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sn"></i>
Senegal
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dakar</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">12323252</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">196190.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
205 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-so"></i>
Somalia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mogadishu</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10112453</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">637657.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
206 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sr"></i>
Suriname
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Paramaribo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">492829</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">163270.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
207 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ss"></i>
South Sudan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Juba</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">8260490</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">644329.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
208 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-st"></i>
São Tomé and Príncipe
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">São Tomé</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">175808</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1001.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
209 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sv"></i>
El Salvador
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">San Salvador</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6052064</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
210 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sx"></i>
Sint Maarten
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Philipsburg</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">37429</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">21.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
211 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sy"></i>
Syria
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Damascus</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22198110</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">185180.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
212 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-sz"></i>
Swaziland
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mbabane</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1354051</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">17363.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
213 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tc"></i>
Turks and Caicos Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Cockburn Town</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">20556</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">430.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
214 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-td"></i>
Chad
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">N'Djamena</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10543464</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1284000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
215 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tf"></i>
French Southern Territories
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port-aux-Français</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">140</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">7829.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
216 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tg"></i>
Togo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lomé</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">6587239</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">56785.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
217 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-th"></i>
Thailand
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Bangkok</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">67089500</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">514000.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
218 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tj"></i>
Tajikistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dushanbe</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">7487489</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">143100.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
219 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tk"></i>
Tokelau
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1466</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
220 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tl"></i>
East Timor
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dili</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1154625</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">15007.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
221 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tm"></i>
Turkmenistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ashgabat</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">4940916</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">488100.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
222 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tn"></i>
Tunisia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tunis</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10589025</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">163610.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
223 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-to"></i>
Tonga
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Nuku'alofa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">122580</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">748.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
224 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tr"></i>
Turkey
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Ankara</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">77804122</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">780580.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
225 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tt"></i>
Trinidad and Tobago
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port of Spain</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1228691</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">5128.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
226 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tv"></i>
Tuvalu
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Funafuti</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">10472</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">26.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
227 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tw"></i>
Taiwan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Taipei</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">22894384</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">35980.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
228 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-tz"></i>
Tanzania
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Dodoma</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">41892895</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">945087.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
229 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ua"></i>
Ukraine
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kiev</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">45415596</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">603700.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
230 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ug"></i>
Uganda
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kampala</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">33398682</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">236040.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
231 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-um"></i>
U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">None</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">0</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">0.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
232 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-us"></i>
United States
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Washington</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">310232863</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">9629091.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
233 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-uy"></i>
Uruguay
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Montevideo</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">3477000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">176220.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
234 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-uz"></i>
Uzbekistan
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Tashkent</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">27865738</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">447400.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
235 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-va"></i>
Vatican City
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Vatican City</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">921</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">0.44</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
236 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vc"></i>
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Kingstown</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">104217</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">389.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
237 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ve"></i>
Venezuela
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Caracas</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">27223228</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">912050.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
238 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vg"></i>
British Virgin Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Road Town</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">21730</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">153.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
239 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vi"></i>
U.S. Virgin Islands
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Charlotte Amalie</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">108708</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">352.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
240 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vn"></i>
Vietnam
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Hanoi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">89571130</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">329560.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
241 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-vu"></i>
Vanuatu
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Port Vila</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">221552</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">12200.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
242 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-wf"></i>
Wallis and Futuna
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mata-Utu</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">16025</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">274.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
243 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ws"></i>
Samoa
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Apia</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">192001</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">2944.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
244 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-xk"></i>
Kosovo
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pristina</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1800000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">10908.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
245 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-ye"></i>
Yemen
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Sanaa</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">23495361</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">527970.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
246 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-yt"></i>
Mayotte
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Mamoudzou</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">159042</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">374.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
247 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-za"></i>
South Africa
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Pretoria</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">49000000</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">1219912.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
248 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-zm"></i>
Zambia
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Lusaka</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">13460305</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">752614.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
249 <div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-zw"></i>
Zimbabwe
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">Harare</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">11651858</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">390580.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
india_data = all_country[104]
india_data
<div class="col-md-4 country">
<h3 class="country-name">
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-in"></i>
India
</h3>
<div class="country-info">
<strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">New Delhi</span><br/>
<strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1173108018</span><br/>
<strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">3287590.0</span><br/>
</div>
</div>
flag_icon = india_data.find('i',class_='flag-icon flag-icon-in')
flag_icon
<i class="flag-icon flag-icon-in"></i>
india_data = india_data.find('div','country-info')
india_data
<div class="country-info"> <strong>Capital:</strong> <span class="country-capital">New Delhi</span><br/> <strong>Population:</strong> <span class="country-population">1173108018</span><br/> <strong>Area (km<sup>2</sup>):</strong> <span class="country-area">3287590.0</span><br/> </div>
final_india_data = india_data.find_all(['strong','span'])
for item in final_india_data:
print(item.get_text())
Capital: New Delhi Population: 1173108018 Area (km2): 3287590.0